Some modern models boilers can change the operating mode depending on the presence of people in the room. This makes it possible to maintain the optimal temperature during the long absence of the owners. But nevertheless, it is not worth leaving the boiler unattended for a long time. Otherwise, in the event of an emergency power outage, the unit may fail.

If you find it difficult to readjust or adjust the operation of your gas boiler yourself, contact a specialist.

The most economical boilers

Statistics and technical characteristics indicate that gas boilers from foreign manufacturers have the highest efficiency. Manufacturers Baxi, Protherm, Buderus, Bosch have proven themselves quite well in the market.

If you have not yet decided on the choice, pay attention to condensing boilers - their efficiency is higher than that of traditional ones by 10-11%, they are the most economical and powerful, but they are also not cheap. But low fuel consumption and long service life will pay off the money spent on it. Its principle of operation differs in that the products of fuel combustion do not leave in the form of gas, but pass through a heat exchanger made of high-quality steel, heat the water, cool down and fall out in the form of liquid condensate.

To achieve optimal operation of the gas boiler, it should be maintained in good condition, regularly cleaned of soot and scale, and equipped with an automatic room temperature control system. If you follow these recommendations, your unit will delight you with smooth operation, low gas consumption and a cozy atmosphere in the house.

I have a BAXI 24Fi boiler, it started just the other day and I did not immediately like its cyclical mode. Very often it ignites the burner (3 minutes after the pump runs out). But the burner burns a little, literally 20-40 seconds and that's it. Perhaps the boiler output is too large for my heating system.

I have a BAXI Eco3 Compact 240FI, an apartment of 85 sq. The first heating season, last year it worked only on hot water supply. Before connecting the room thermostat, I clocked at a similar interval. At a higher water temperature (60-70 degrees), the burner operates from 40 seconds to 1.5 minutes, then there is a set delay for turning on the burner of 30 or 150 seconds, depending on the T-off switch on the board. All this time, the pump is running, since the run-out time when working on heating is sewn into the board - 3 minutes (it's a pity that you can't change). During this time, t water decreases by 10 degrees from the set one and the cycle repeats. Setting the water t below (40 degrees), reduced the burner operation time to 30-50 seconds.
I experimented with adjusting the maximum power of the heating circuit - I did not notice significant deviations in the operating time of the burner. The water temperature is more influential.

Yes, he's already set up. The jumper on terminals 1 and 2 is like a "perpetual turn-on request" from the thermostat. By replacing it with a smart box with a relyukha, it is possible to limit the burner operating periods by a schedule for the day and a week (electronic programmable thermostats) and the air temperature in the room (electronic and mechanical thermostats). The temperature of the coolant is recommended to be chosen higher (70-75 degrees).

When working without a thermostat, you had to monitor the temperature outside
Now +10 +15 overboard, and even setting t = 40, you can get heat in the rooms, plus clock and gas overrun.
With a thermostat, 75 degrees is recommended. Then, during the heating period, which makes it possible to raise the air temperature in the room by the "thermostat delta", the water temperature does not have time to reach 75 degrees and the boiler works continuously all this time. So far, at a positive temperature outside the window, this time for me is 15-20 minutes, when the water heats up to 60-65 degrees, followed by idle time for 1.5-2 hours.
Even if it heats up the water to 75 before the air warms up, the boiler turns off and turns on again after the obligatory 150 seconds. just me. Here, the heating periods will already be short, but not numerous. Since the pump is running all this time, the radiators are hot and the air temperature will quickly reach the value set in the thermostat. Then it is idle again for 1.5-2 hours.
I don't think it's necessary to set the maximum possible temperature (85 degrees) right away - winter is still ahead.
And such a remark. After turning off by the thermostat, during the run-on of the pump, the air in the room still heats up (I have +0.1 to the set one)
With hotter water there will be some "overcomfort" and overrun
So the temperature of the coolant in the presence of a room thermostat mainly determines the heating rate to the set air temperature.

If about the delta of air temperature in the characteristics of thermostats, then 0.5 is quite enough. In more expensive brands, there is also an adjustable one from 0.1 degrees. So far, I have not noticed the need for such an accurate temperature maintenance.
Much more interesting is the moment of choosing the values ​​of a comfortable and economical temperature (in terms of some brands of thermostats with two levels of set temperature, this can be "day" and "night").
Typically the factory setting is 2-3 degrees.
But then in the morning before waking up, it will take much longer to raise the temperature to a comfortable one than it would take a heating cycle while maintaining the temperature with a delta of 0.5. Hence the increase in consumption. The situation is the same if the heating is set before returning from work, and in the daytime, in the absence of people, the apartment is heated according to the economy mode.
Here, of course, you need experience and statistics in monitoring consumption.

If the thermostat holds the permission to operate the boiler (the temperature is lower than the set one), then the burner in the boiler burns constantly until the thermostat removes the permission (when the setpoint is reached), or what? Couldn't he just overheat at this time?

Will not overheat. The thermostat allows, but does not oblige the boiler to work. When the set temperature of the coolant is reached, the burner will turn off regardless of the mode on the thermostat.

A heating boiler is a device that, using the combustion of fuel (or electricity), heats the coolant.

The device (design) of the heating boiler: heat exchanger, heat-insulated casing, hydraulic block, as well as safety and automation elements for control and monitoring. For gas and diesel boilers, a burner is provided in the design, for solid fuel boilers - a firebox for wood or coal. Such boilers require a chimney to be connected to remove the combustion products. Electric boilers are equipped with heating elements, do not have burners and a chimney. Many modern boilers are equipped with built-in pumps for forced water circulation.

The principle of operation of the heating boiler- the coolant, passing through the heat exchanger, heats up and then circulates through the heating system, giving thermal energy through radiators, underfloor heating, heated towel rails, as well as providing water heating in an indirect heating boiler (if it is connected to the boiler).

A heat exchanger is a metal container in which a coolant (water or antifreeze) is heated - it can be made of steel, cast iron, copper, etc. Cast iron heat exchangers are resistant to corrosion and durable enough, but they are sensitive to sudden temperature changes and have heavy weight... Steel can suffer from rust, so their internal surfaces are protected with various anti-corrosion coatings to increase their service life. These heat exchangers are the most common in boiler manufacturing. Copper heat exchangers are not afraid of corrosion, and due to their high heat transfer coefficient, low weight and dimensions, such heat exchangers are popular, often used in wall-mounted boilers, but usually more expensive than steel ones.
Besides the heat exchanger an important detail gas or liquid fuel boilers is a burner, which can be of various types: atmospheric or fan, single-stage or two-stage, with smooth modulation, double. ( Detailed description burners are presented in the articles on gas and oil boilers).

To control the boiler, automatic equipment with various settings and functions is used (for example, a weather-dependent control system), as well as devices for remote control of the boiler - a GSM module (regulation of the device's operation via SMS messages).

The main technical characteristics heating boilers are: boiler power, type of energy carrier, number of heating circuits, type of combustion chamber, type of burner, type of installation, availability of a pump, expansion tank, boiler automation, etc.

To determine required power a heating boiler for a house or apartment, a simple formula is used - 1 kW of boiler power for heating 10 m 2 of a well-insulated room with a ceiling height of up to 3 m. Accordingly, if heating is required basement, a glazed winter garden, rooms with non-standard ceilings, etc. the boiler output must be increased. It is also necessary to increase the power (about 20-50%) while providing a boiler and hot water supply (especially if it is necessary to heat the water in the pool).

Let us note the peculiarity of calculating the power of gas boilers: the nominal gas pressure at which the boiler operates at 100% of the capacity declared by the manufacturer, for most boilers is from 13 to 20 mbar, and the actual pressure in gas networks in Russia can be 10 mbar, and sometimes below. Accordingly, a gas boiler often works only at 2/3 of its capabilities and this must be taken into account when calculating. When choosing the power of the boiler, be sure to note all the features of the thermal insulation of the house and premises. In more detail, with the table for calculating the power of the heating boiler, you can

So which boiler is better to choose? Consider the types of boilers:

"Middle class"- average price in terms of level, not so prestigious, but quite reliable, standard ones are presented standard solutions... These are Italian boilers Ariston, Hermann and Baxi, Swedish Electrolux, German Unitherm and boilers from Slovakia Protherm.

"Economy class" - budget options, simple models, the service life is shorter than that of boilers of a higher category. Some manufacturers have budget models of boilers, for example,

05.09.2018

Almost never equipped with circulation pumps, safety group, regulation and control devices. Everyone solves these issues independently, choosing a piping scheme for a heating device in accordance with the type and characteristics of the heating system. Not only the efficiency and performance of heating depends on how correctly the installation of the heat generator is carried out, but also its reliable, trouble-free operation. That is why it is important to include in the diagram components and devices that will ensure the durability of the heating unit and its protection in the event of emergency situations. In addition, when installing a solid fuel boiler, you should not give up equipment that creates additional convenience and comfort. With the help of a heat accumulator, it is possible to solve the problem of temperature differences during the boiler restart, and an indirect heating boiler will provide the house with hot water. Thinking about connecting a solid fuel heating unit according to all the rules? We will help you with this!

However, if the rooms are then warmed up, hydraulic regulation is recommended in connection with the renewal of the heating system. Hydraulic regulation is especially useful when using condensing boilers. These devices only work with the maximum possible efficiency if the return temperature is lower than the temperature at which water condenses from the boiler flue gas. Special cases are single-pipe heating systems, especially in multi-apartment buildings, as well as buildings with underfloor heating or mixed underfloor heating and radiator heating.

Typical piping schemes for solid fuel boilers

The complexity of controlling the combustion process in solid fuel boilers leads to a large inertia of the heating system, which negatively affects the convenience and safety during operation. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the efficiency of units of this type directly depends on the temperature of the coolant. For effective work heating, the piping must ensure the temperature of the heating agent in the range of 60 - 65 ° C. Of course, if the equipment is incorrectly integrated, such heating at positive temperatures "overboard" will be very uncomfortable and uneconomical. In addition, the full operation of the heat generator depends on a number of additional factors - the type of heating system, the number of circuits, the presence of additional energy consumers, etc. The piping schemes presented below take into account the most common cases. If none of them meets your requirements, then knowledge of the principles and features of the structure of heating systems will help in developing an individual project.

Hydraulic regulation can also be performed using these heating systems in principle, but usually involves much higher costs. Accurate determination of the boiler characteristics of a heating system is only possible if the heat loss of the structural furnace can be relatively labor intensive. This heat load calculation ≡ Heating load ≡ Heating load is the heating power that must be constantly supplied to the room in order to maintain the temperature in the space, so it must be as large as the sum of the heat losses from conduction and ventilation.

Open-type system with natural circulation in a private house First of all, it should be noted that open gravity-type systems are considered the most suitable for solid fuel boilers. This is due to the fact that even in emergency cases associated with a sharp increase in temperature and pressure, heating is likely to remain sealed and efficient. It is also important that the functionality of the heating equipment does not depend on the availability of power supply. Considering that wood-fired boilers are not installed in megacities, but in areas remote from the benefits of civilization, this factor will not seem so insignificant to you. Of course, this scheme is not without its drawbacks, the main of which are:

The assessment should be made on the basis of clear rules For example, according to comparable values ​​for rooms belonging to previous years or comparable rooms in the corresponding reporting period. In this case, all heating costs are allocated according to a fixed scale, usually square meter... by experience. Regulation of calculation.

What is the required boiler output? For example, with subsequent thermal insulation ≡ Thermal insulation≡ Thermal insulation reduces heat flux from the hot to the cold side of the component. For this purpose, substances with low thermal conductivity are introduced as a layer between hot and cold. The important water retention is achieved by vacuum. In addition, the sleeping air retains heat flow very well.

• free access of oxygen to the system, which causes internal pipe corrosion;
• the need to replenish the coolant level due to its evaporation;
• uneven temperature of the heating agent at the beginning and at the end of each circuit.

Any layer mineral oil 1 - 2 cm thick, poured into the expansion tank, will prevent oxygen from entering the coolant and reduce the rate of evaporation of the liquid. Despite the disadvantages, the gravity circuit is very popular due to its simplicity, reliability and low cost.

Overestimation is not harmful to condensing boilers for oil or gas and may even make sense in some cases. For low temperature boilers ≡ Low temperature boilers ≡ A low temperature boiler is a boiler that can also be used in continuous operation with a low heating water inlet temperature of 35 to 40 degrees Celsius and in which it can lead to condensation in the exhaust gases containing water vapor. The standard use rate of a low temperature boiler is over 90%.

Condensing heaters achieve an even higher standard efficiency of 100%. excessive measurement should be avoided. To provide safe removal exhaust gases from the heating system, heating and chimney must match each other. In the past, the interaction between boiler and chimney was considerably less important. The adaptation of the chimney to the boiler was in the background. The high flue gas temperatures of the boilers at that time also ensured that the flue gases were discharged without damage, even in the case of large chimney cross-sections, and the chimney was dry.

When deciding to carry out installation in this way, keep in mind that for normal circulation of the coolant, the boiler inlet must be at least 0.5 m lower than the heating radiators. The supply and return pipes must have slopes for normal circulation of the coolant. In addition, it is important to correctly calculate the hydrodynamic resistance of all branches of the system, and during the design process, try to reduce the number of shut-off and control valves. The correct operation of the system with natural circulation of the coolant also depends on the location of the expansion tank - it must be connected at the highest point.

However, the exhaust gases of modern low temperature and condensing boilers have very low temperatures due to their energy saving performance. In addition, when replacing an old boiler, the nominal heat output of the boiler is adapted to the actual, possibly reduced heat load of the building. This usually results in a decrease in performance compared to an older, larger boiler. Due to the existing chimney after replacement of the old boiler, significantly lower exhaust gas volumes with more low temperatures exhaust gases.

Closed system with natural circulation

Installing a membrane-type expansion tank on the return line will avoid harmful effects oxygen and eliminates the need to control the coolant level. Consider the following points when deciding to equip your gravity system with a sealed expansion tank:

Why are chimneys wet? The hot exhaust gas that leaves the boiler combustion chamber contains water vapor. If this exhaust gas is cooled to a certain temperature, the water vapor becomes water and is deposited on colder surfaces. The flue gas temperature in humid chimneys must be high enough to prevent condensation in the chimney, otherwise moisture can penetrate or.

Relevant standards and building codes require precise coordination of the exhaust system with the heat generator. The chimney must be planned and constructed in such a way that the exhaust gases can be removed without mechanical assistance, and also to prevent damage to the chimney or the building.

• the capacity of the membrane tank must contain at least 10% of the volume of the entire coolant;
• a safety valve must be installed on the supply pipe;
• the highest point of the system must be equipped with an air vent.

Additional devices that are part of the boiler safety group (safety valve and air vent) will have to be purchased separately - manufacturers very rarely complete units with such devices. The safety valve allows you to discharge the coolant if the pressure in the system exceeds critical value... The normal operating indicator is considered to be a pressure of 1.5 to 2 atm. The emergency valve is adjusted to a value of 3 atm.

The following requirements for the smoke system must be observed. If the chimney is located on an outer wall, there is a risk that the exhaust gas will not acquire the required thermal buoyancy and that water vapor will condense on the chimney walls. In many cases, the existing chimney will be replaced by the aforementioned chimney. no longer meet the requirements.

The chimney purifier confirms good exhaust gas values ​​every year. “What else do you need?” You may wonder. “All a lot” is our answer. More energy and save more money for the environment, more comfort, more operational security, learn more, to trust future security. The chimney deflection determines whether the quality of combustion and the loss of exhaust gases during burner operation comply with the legal requirements. It checks if the pipe is working and the system is safe.

Features of systems with forced movement of the coolant

In order to equalize the temperature in all areas, a circulation pump is integrated into the closed heating system. Since this unit can provide forced movement of the coolant, the requirements for the level of the boiler installation and compliance with the slopes become negligible. However, you should not give up the autonomy of natural heating. If a bypass branch, called a bypass, is installed at the outlet of the boiler, then in the event of a power outage, the circulation of the thermal agent will be provided by the forces of gravity.

Even if he assures you of ideal values, this does not have of great importance for the economy of your system. After all, an old boiler has to run constantly at high temperatures all year round. Especially during the transitional months or even in summer, when the boiler is only needed for heating drinking water, high cooling and / or heat is generated, which are usually much higher than the flue gas losses measured during the passage of the chimney.

Not so with a new boiler. Here the boiler water temperature is automatically adjusted to the corresponding outside temperature... If no heat is required, they even shut off completely. If the boiler is 10 years old or more, then it is worth dealing with a new heating system. The new system saves up to 30% energy and costs. You have a clear plus in comfort, work safety, environmental protection and safety in order to comply with legal requirements in the future.

The electric pump is installed on the return line, between the expansion tank and the inlet connection. Due to the lowered temperature of the coolant, the pump operates in a more gentle mode, which increases its durability. The installation of a circulation unit on the return line is also necessary for safety reasons. When water boils in the boiler, steam may form, the ingress of which into the centrifugal pump is fraught with a complete cessation of the movement of liquid, which can lead to an accident. If the device is installed at the inlet to the heat generator, then it will be able to circulate the coolant even in the event of emergency situations.

Operational safety: Heating is only required when needed

Of course, it would be exaggerated to think that your old system heating will give up its spirit in the coming days with a big blow. No, if she does, she will probably do it quietly and calmly - without warning. In any case, you can show new materials and features without any obligation in our showrooms.

Operating Costs: Is This What He Wants?

You will notice the boiler's high efficiency and long service life, which is easy to maintain. How much is your oil and gas worth, check your account regularly. It is not easy to see if your heating system is economically viable. It may even give off heat where no one is needed: Or it's just oversized.

Connecting through manifolds

If it is required to connect several parallel branches with radiators, a water heated floor, etc. to a solid fuel boiler, then balancing of the circuits is required, otherwise the coolant will follow the path of least resistance, and the rest of the system will remain cold. For this purpose, one or more collectors (combs) - switchgears with one input and several outputs are installed at the outlet of the heating unit. The assembly of the combs opens ample opportunities for connecting several circulation pumps, it allows supplying a heat agent of the same temperature to consumers and regulating its supply. The only drawback of this type of piping can be considered the complication of the design and the increase in the cost of the heating system.

The development of harmful exhaust gases is closely related to consumption and use. Boilers that consume a lot also produce a lot of exhaust fumes. Key words: forest death, greenhouse effect. Old boilers consume about a third of the fuel and produce more than 60 percent of the pollutants than new boilers.

New burners with modern technology have a particularly economical combustion with favorable values ​​so that they still do not meet the requirements of the Blue Angel environmental label and the Swiss Air Pollution Regulations.

A separate case of a collector piping is a connection with a hydraulic arrow. Its difference from a conventional collector is that this device acts as a kind of mediator between heating boiler and consumers. Made in the form of a pipe large diameter, the hydraulic arrow is installed vertically and connected to the inlet and outlet pipes of the boiler. At the same time, consumers are cut in at different heights, which allows you to select the optimal temperature for each circuit.

Operational safety, cost, environment, ease of use. You may be thinking, "Yes, this is a modern heater that I already liked." And you may also think: But it's worth it again. After all, it is not just about buying the purchase price. Then the bill looks very different.

Then you might say, "I cannot put off so much." Be sure to have this account set up for your home by a professional. He also knows funding, for example, for solar and condensation technology. What is a refund? Where and why is the technology used? How does the reverse flow increase? What are the benefits of an efficient heating system?

Installation of emergency and regulation systems

Emergency and regulation systems serve several purposes:

• protection of the system from depressurization in the event of an uncontrolled increase in pressure;
• temperature control of individual circuits;
• boiler overheating protection;
• prevention of condensation processes associated with a large difference in supply and return temperatures.

To solve the safety problems of the system, a safety valve, an emergency heat exchanger or a natural circulation circuit are introduced into the piping scheme. As for the issues of regulating the temperature of the thermal agent, thermostatic and controlled valves are used for this purpose.

Modern heating systems only work optimally when certain operating temperatures are not exceeded or exceeded. To prevent excessive cooling of the return, use a so-called return lift. We explain to you in this article what rollback is and how to technically implement it. You will also find out in which heating systems reverse lift takes place and which does not.

Free 5 offers for your new heater request

Functional implementation of reverse flow lifting

Piping with a three-way valve.

A solid fuel boiler is a batch-type heating unit, therefore it is subject to the risk of corrosion due to condensation that falls on its walls during heating. This is due to the ingress of too cold coolant from the return line into the heat exchanger of the heating unit. The danger of this factor can be eliminated by using a three-way valve. This device is an adjustable valve with two inputs and one output. On a signal from the temperature sensor, the three-way valve opens the channel for supplying hot coolant to the boiler inlet, preventing the dew point from occurring. As soon as the heating unit enters the operating mode, the liquid supply in a small circle is stopped.

Consequently, in the heat exchanger, the flow and return flow with a lower temperature difference. More heat the return flow that rises in this way has a positive effect on the operation of the heating system, so that it can function optimally. Optimal working temperature depends on the fuel burned, more precisely on the so-called flue gas dew point.

At the same time, the standby lift is used to counteract damage that can occur, for example, when gases that accumulate during fuel combustion are heated to cool and condense. Condensation can damage the system because it leads to effects such as pitting. Temperature differences can also cause stress, leading to cracking.

A fairly common mistake is the installation of a centrifugal pump up to a three-way valve. Naturally, for closed valve there can be no question of any circulation of fluid in the system. It will be correct to install the pump after the adjusting device. The three-way valve can also be used to regulate the temperature of the heating agent supplied to consumers. In this case, the device is set to work in the other direction, mixing cold coolant from the return line into the supply.

Buffer circuit

The low controllability of solid fuel boilers requires constant monitoring of the amount of firewood and draft, which significantly reduces the convenience of their operation. Loading more fuel and at the same time not worrying about the possible boiling of the liquid will allow the installation of a buffer tank (heat accumulator). This device is a sealed tank that separates the heating unit from consumers. Due to its large volume, the buffer tank can accumulate excess heat and, as necessary, give it to radiators. The mixing unit, which uses the same three-way valve, will help to adjust the temperature of the liquid coming from the heat accumulator.

Strapping elements that ensure the safety of the heating system

In addition to the safety valve, which was mentioned above, the protection of the heating unit from overheating is solved using an emergency circuit, through which cold water is supplied to the heat exchanger from the water supply. Depending on the design of the boiler, the coolant can be supplied directly to the heat exchanger or a special coil installed in working chamber unit. By the way, it is the last option that is the only possible one for systems with antifreeze poured in. The water supply is carried out using a three-way valve, which is controlled by a sensor installed inside the heat exchanger. The "waste" liquid is discharged through a special line connected to the sewerage system.

Diagram with connecting an indirect heating boiler

A piping with a boiler connection for hot water supply can be used for all types of heating systems. For this, a special insulated container (boiler) is connected to the water supply and DHW system, and a coil is installed inside the water heater, which is cut into the heating agent supply line. Passing along this circuit, the hot coolant gives off heat to the water. Often, an indirect heating boiler is also equipped with heating elements, thanks to which it becomes possible to receive hot water in the warm season.

Correct installation of a solid fuel boiler in a closed heating system

A huge advantage of solid fuel boilers is that no permits are required for their installation. Installation can be done with your own hands, especially since this does not require any special tool or special knowledge. The main thing is to take a responsible approach to work and observe the order of all stages.

Boiler room arrangement. The disadvantage of heating units used for burning wood and coal is the need for a special, well-ventilated room. Of course, it would be possible to install a boiler in a kitchen or bathroom, however, periodic emission of smoke and soot, dirt from fuel and combustion products make this undertaking unsuitable for implementation. In addition, the installation of combustion equipment in living rooms is also unsafe - the release of foul gas can lead to tragedy. When installing a heat generator in a boiler room, several rules are observed:

• the distance from the furnace door to the wall must be at least 1m;
• ventilation ducts must be installed at a distance not higher than 50 cm from the floor and not lower than 40 cm from the ceiling;
• the room should not contain combustible, lubricating and flammable substances and objects;
• the base platform in front of the ash pan is protected with a metal sheet with dimensions of at least 0.5x0.7 m.

In addition, at the installation site of the boiler, an opening is provided for the chimney, which is led out. Manufacturers indicate the configuration and dimensions of the chimney in the technical passport, so you don't need to invent anything. Of course, if the need arises, you can deviate from the requirements of the documentation, but in any case, the channel for the removal of combustion products must provide excellent traction in any weather. When installing the chimney, all joints and gaps are sealed with sealing materials, and also provide windows for cleaning channels from soot and a condensate trap.

Preparing to install the heating unit

Before installing the boiler, a piping scheme is selected, the length and diameter of pipelines, the number of radiators, the type and amount of additional equipment and shut-off and control valves are calculated. Despite all the variety of design solutions, experts recommend choosing a combined heating that can provide forced and natural circulation of the coolant. Therefore, when calculating, it is necessary to think over how the parallel section of the supply pipeline (bypass) with a centrifugal pump will be installed and provide for the slopes necessary for the operation of the gravitational system. You should not give up the buffer tank either. Of course, its installation will incur additional costs. Nevertheless, a storage device of this type will be able to flatten the temperature curve, and one fuel fill will be enough for a longer time.

Special comfort will be provided by a solid fuel boiler with an additional circuit, which is used for hot water supply. Considering the fact that, due to the installation of a solid fuel unit in a separate room, the length of the DHW circuit is significantly increased, an additional circulation pump is mounted on it. This will eliminate the need to drain cold water while waiting for hot water to flow. Before installing the boiler, it is imperative to provide a place for the expansion tank and do not forget about devices designed to reduce the pressure in the system in critical situations. Simple circuit a harness that can be used as a working draft is shown in our figure. It unites all the equipment discussed above and ensures its correct and trouble-free operation.

Installation and connection of a solid fuel heat generator

After all necessary calculations and preparation of equipment and materials begin installation.

• The heating unit is installed in place, leveled and fastened, after which the chimney is connected to it.

• Heating radiators are fixed, a heat accumulator and an expansion tank are installed.

• The supply pipeline and bypass are installed, on which the circulation pump is installed. In both sections (direct and bypass), ball valves are installed so that the coolant can be transported forcibly or naturally. We remind you that the centrifugal pump can only be installed with the correct orientation of the shaft, which must be in the horizontal plane. The manufacturer indicates diagrams of all possible installation options in the instructions for the product.

• The pressure line is connected to the heat accumulator. It must be said that both the inlet and outlet pipes of the buffer tank must be installed in its upper part. Due to this, the number warm water in the cylinder will not affect the availability of the heating circuit. Be sure to note the fact that cooling the boiler during the reboot period will lower the temperature in the system. This is due to the fact that at this time the heat generator will work as an air heat exchanger, giving off heat from the heating system to the chimney. To eliminate this defect, separate circulation pumps are installed in the boiler and heating circuits. By placing a thermocouple in the combustion zone, it is possible to stop the movement of the coolant through the boiler circuit when the fire is extinguished.

• A safety valve and an air vent are installed on the supply line.

• The emergency circuit of the boiler is connected or shut-off and control valves are installed, which, when the water boils, will open the line for its discharge into the sewer and the channel for supplying cold liquid from the water supply system.

• A return pipeline is installed from the heat accumulator to the heating unit. A circulation pump, a three-way valve and a filter-sump are installed in front of the boiler inlet pipe.

• An expansion tank is mounted separately on the return line. Note! On pipelines that are connected to protection devices, shut-off valves are not installed. There should be as few connections as possible in these areas.

• The upper outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to a three-way valve and circulation pump heating circuit, after which the radiators are connected and the return pipeline is installed.

• After connecting the main circuits, they begin to arrange the hot water supply system. If the heat exchanger coil is built into the boiler, then it will be enough just to connect the input for cold water and access to the "hot" line. When installing a separate indirect heating water heater, use a circuit with an additional circulation pump or a three-way valve. In both cases, at the inlet of the cold water supply, set check valve... It will block the path for the heated liquid to the "cold" water supply.

• Some solid fuel boilers are equipped with a draft regulator, the work of which is to reduce the flow section of the blower. Due to this, the flow of air into the combustion zone is reduced and its intensity, and, accordingly, the temperature of the coolant, decreases. If the heating unit has such a design, then mount and adjust the air damper mechanism drive.

Places of all threaded connections must be carefully sealed with sanitary flax and a special non-drying paste. After the installation is completed, the coolant is poured into the system, the centrifugal pumps are turned on at full power and the places of all connections are carefully inspected for leaks. After making sure that there are no leaks, fire up the boiler and check the operation of all circuits at maximum modes.

Features of the integration of a solid fuel unit into an open heating system

The main feature of open heating systems is the contact of the coolant with atmospheric air, which takes place with the participation of an expansion tank. This capacity is designed to compensate for the thermal expansion of the coolant that occurs when it is heated. The expander is cut in at the highest point of the system, and in order to prevent hot liquid from flooding the room when the tank is overfilled, a drain pipe is connected to its upper part, the other end of which is led down the drain.

The large volume of the tank forces it to be installed in the attic, so additional insulation of the expander and pipes suitable for it will be required, otherwise they may freeze in winter. In addition, it must be remembered that this element is part of the heating system, therefore, its heat losses will lead to a decrease in the temperature in the radiators. Since an open system is not hermetically sealed, there is no need to install a safety valve and connect emergency circuits. When the coolant boils, the pressure will be released through the expansion tank.

Special attention should be paid to pipelines. Since the water in them will flow by gravity, the circulation will be influenced by the diameter of the pipes and the hydraulic resistance in the system. The latter factor depends on turns, constrictions, level drops, etc., so their number should be minimal. In order to initially give the water flow the necessary potential energy, a vertical riser is mounted at the outlet of the boiler. The higher the water can rise along it, the higher the speed of the coolant will be and the faster the radiators will warm up. For the same purpose, the return input must be at the lowest point of the heating system.

Finally, I would like to note that in open systems it is preferable to use water instead of antifreeze. This is due to the higher viscosity, reduced heat capacity and rapid aging of the substance upon contact with air. As for the water, it is best to soften it and, if possible, never drain. This will increase the service life of pipelines, radiators, heat generators and other heating equipment by several times.

Solid fuel boiler piping - Emergency cooling valve

3. Protection against low temperature of the coolant in the "return" of the solid fuel boiler.

What will happen to a solid fuel boiler if the temperature of its "return" is below 50 ° C? The answer is simple - a tar deposit will appear on the entire surface of the heat exchanger. This phenomenon will reduce the performance of your boiler, make it much more difficult to clean and, most importantly, can lead to chemical damage to the walls of the boiler heat exchanger. To prevent a similar problem, it is necessary to provide appropriate equipment when installing a heating system with a solid fuel boiler.

The task is to ensure the temperature of the coolant that returns to the boiler from the heating system at a level not lower than 50 ° C. It is at this temperature that the water vapor contained in the flue gases of a solid fuel boiler begins to condense on the walls of the heat exchanger (change from a gaseous state to a liquid state). The transition temperature is called the "dew point". The condensation temperature directly depends on the moisture content of the fuel and the amount of hydrogen and sulfurous formations in the combustion products. As a result of a chemical reaction, ferrous sulfate is obtained - a useful substance in many industries, but not in a solid fuel boiler. Therefore, it is quite natural that the manufacturers of many solid fuel boilers remove the boiler from the warranty in the absence of a heating system return water... After all, here we are not dealing with the burning out of metal at high temperatures, but with chemical reactions in which no boiler steel can withstand.

The simplest solution to the low return temperature problem is to use a thermal three-way valve (anti-condensation thermostatic mixing valve). The thermal anti-condensation valve is a thermomechanical three-way valve that mixes the heating medium between the primary (boiler) circuit and the heating medium from the heating system in order to achieve a fixed boiler water temperature. In fact, the valve starts up the coolant that has not yet been heated in a small circle and the boiler heats itself up. After reaching the set temperature, the valve automatically opens the access of the heating medium to the heating system and works until the return temperature again drops below the set values.

Solid fuel boiler piping - Anti-condensation valve

4. Protection of the heating system of a solid fuel boiler from operation without a coolant.

The operation of the boiler without a coolant is strictly prohibited by all manufacturers of solid fuel boilers. Moreover, the coolant in the heating system must always be under a certain pressure, which depends on your heating system. When the pressure in the system drops, the user opens the valve and fills the systems to a certain pressure.

V in this case there is a “human factor” that may well make mistakes. You can solve this issue with the help of automation.
Automatic make-up installation is a device that adjusts to a certain pressure and is connected to an open water supply tap. In the event of a decrease in pressure, the process of filling the system to the right pressure will happen completely automatically.

In order for everything to work correctly, certain conditions must be met when installing the automatic make-up valve:
- it is necessary to install the automatic make-up valve at the lowest point of the heating system;
- during installation, it is imperative to leave access for cleaning or possible replacement of the valve;
- water from the water supply system must be constantly supplied to the valve with pressure, and the water supply valve and the valve of the make-up valve must always be open.

Solid fuel boiler piping - Automatic make-up valve

5. Removing air from the heating system of a solid fuel boiler.

The air in the heating system can cause a number of problems: poor circulation of the coolant or its absence, noise during pump operation, corrosion of radiators or elements of the heating system. To avoid this, it is necessary to bleed air from the system. There are two ways for this - the first manually - we think over the installation of cranes at the highest point of the system and on lifting sections and periodically pass these cranes, releasing air. The second way is to install an automatic air release valve. The principle of its operation is simple - when there is no air in the system, the valve is filled with water and the float is in the upper part of the valve, and, through the articulated arm, seals the air outlet valve.

When air enters the valve chamber, the water level in the valve drops, the float descends and through the articulated arm opens the air outlet on the outlet valve. As the air leaves the chamber, the water level rises and the valve returns to the upper position.

We have already described the device of the boiler safety group above when we talked about protection against high pressure of the coolant. Ideally, if you've installed a safety group, it has an automatic air release valve. Just make sure that the safety group is installed at the top of your heating system. If not, we recommend installing a separate automatic air relief valve and permanently solving the problem of finding air locks in your heating system.

Solid fuel boiler piping - Automatic air bleed valve

On the supply line it is from 95 to 105 ° C, and on the return line - 70 ° C. Optimal values ​​in the individual heating system H2_2 Autonomous heating helps to avoid many problems that arise with the centralized network, and the optimal temperature of the heating medium can be adjusted in accordance with the season. When individual heating the concept of norms includes the heat transfer of a heating device per unit area of ​​the room where this device is located. The thermal regime in this situation is provided by design features heating appliances... It is important to ensure that the heat carrier in the network does not cool below 70 ° C. An indicator of 80 ° C is considered optimal. With a gas boiler, it is easier to control heating, because manufacturers limit the possibility of heating the coolant to 90 ° C. Using sensors to regulate the gas supply, the heating of the coolant can be controlled.

Heat carrier temperature in different heating systems

It, in turn, depends on what the minimum and maximum water temperature in the heating system can be achieved during operation. Measuring the temperature of a radiator For autonomous heating, central heating standards are quite applicable. They are detailed in the resolution of the PRF No. 354. It is noteworthy that the minimum water temperature in the heating system is not indicated there.

It is only important to observe the degree of heating of the air in the room. Therefore, in principle, the operating temperature of one system can be different from another. It all depends on the influencing factors that were mentioned above.

In order to determine what temperature should be in the heating pipes, you should familiarize yourself with the current standards. In their content, there is a division into residential and non-residential premises, as well as the dependence of the degree of air heating on the time of day:

• In the rooms during the day.

Norms and optimum values ​​of the coolant temperature

Info

Over time, the maximum water temperature in the heating system will lead to a breakdown. Also, a violation of the water temperature in the system autonomous heating provokes the formation of air congestion. This is due to the transition of the coolant from liquid state into gaseous. In addition, this influences the formation of corrosion on the surface of the metal components of the system.

Attention

That is why it is necessary to accurately calculate what temperature should be in the heating batteries, taking into account their material of manufacture. Most often, a violation of the thermal mode of operation is observed in solid fuel boilers. This is due to the problem of adjusting their power. When the critical temperature level in the heating pipes is reached, it is difficult to quickly reduce the boiler power.

Heating in a private house. there are doubts about the correctness of the system made.

For these reasons, sanitary standards prohibit more heating. To calculate the optimal indicators, special charts and tables can be used, in which the norms are determined depending on the season:

• With an average indicator outside the window of 0 ° C, the flow for radiators with different wiring is set at a level from 40 to 45 ° C, and the return temperature is from 35 to 38 ° C;
• At -20 ° C, the feed is heated from 67 to 77 ° C, and the return rate should be from 53 to 55 ° C;
• At -40 ° C outside the window for all heating devices set the maximum permissible values.

Heating medium temperature in the heating system: calculation and regulation

According to regulatory documents, temperature in residential buildings should not fall below 18 degrees, and for children's institutions and hospitals - this is 21 degrees. But it should be borne in mind that, depending on the air temperature outside the building, the structure through the enclosing structures can lose different size heat. Therefore, the temperature of the coolant in the heating system, based on external factors, varies from 30 to 90 degrees.

When water is heated from above, decomposition begins in the heating structure paints and varnishes, which is prohibited by sanitary standards. To determine what should be the temperature of the coolant in the batteries, specially designed temperature graphs for specific groups of buildings. They reflect the dependence of the degree of heating of the coolant on the state of the outside air.

Heating water temperature

• In the corner room + 20 ° C;
• In the kitchen + 18 ° C;
• In the bathroom + 25 ° C;
• In corridors and stairwells + 16 ° C;
• In the elevator + 5 ° C;
• In the basement + 4 ° C;
• In the attic + 4 ° C.

It should be noted that these temperature standards refer to the heating season and do not apply to the rest of the time. Also, it will be useful to know that hot water should be from + 50 ° C to + 70 ° C, according to SNiP-u 2.08.01.89 "Residential buildings". There are several types of heating systems: Content

• 1 With natural circulation
• 2 With forced circulation
• 3 Calculation of the optimum heater temperature
  • 3.1 Cast iron radiators
  • 3.2 Aluminum radiators
  • 3.3 Steel radiators
  • 3.4 Warm floor

With natural circulation The heating medium circulates without interruption.

Optimum water temperature in a gas boiler

Usually, a lattice fence is installed that does not impede air circulation. Cast iron, aluminum and bimetallic devices are widespread. Consumer choice: cast iron or aluminum Aesthetics cast iron radiators- the talk of the town.
They require periodic painting, since the rules provide that the working surface of the heater has smooth surface and made it easy to remove dust and dirt. On a rough inner surface sections, a dirty coating forms, which reduces the heat transfer of the device. But technical specifications cast iron products at a height:

• slightly susceptible to water corrosion, can be used for more than 45 years;
• have a high thermal power per section, therefore they are compact;
• are inert in transferring heat, therefore they smooth out temperature changes in the room well.

Another type of radiator is made of aluminum.
One-pipe heating system can be vertical or horizontal. In both cases, air locks appear in the system. At the entrance to the system, a high temperature is maintained to warm up all the rooms, so the piping system must withstand high water pressure. Two-pipe system heating The principle of operation is to connect each heating device to the supply and return pipelines. The cooled heat carrier is directed through the return pipeline to the boiler. During installation, additional investments will be required, but there will be no air locks in the system. Standards temperature regime for premises In a residential building, the temperature in corner rooms should not be lower than 20 degrees, for indoor premises the standard is 18 degrees, for showers - 25 degrees.

The standard for the temperature of the coolant in the heating system

Staircase heating Since we are talking about apartment building then it should be mentioned stairwells... The norms for the temperature of the coolant in the heating system read: the degree measure on the sites should not fall below 12 ° C. Of course, the discipline of residents requires tightly closing the doors of the entrance group, not leaving the transom of staircase windows open, keeping the glass intact and promptly reporting any malfunctions to the management company.

If the Criminal Code does not take timely measures to insulate the points of probable heat loss and maintain the temperature regime in the house, an application for recalculating the cost of services will help. Changes in the design of heating Replacement of existing heating devices in the apartment is carried out with the obligatory agreement with the management company. Unauthorized changes in the elements of warming radiation can disrupt the thermal and hydraulic balance of the structure.

Optimum temperature of the coolant in a private house

This device, shown in the photo, consists of the following elements:

• computing and switching node;
• working mechanism on the hot coolant supply pipe;
• an executive block designed to mix the coolant coming from the return. In some cases, a three-way valve is installed;
• booster pump in the supply section;
• not always a booster pump on the “cold bypass” section;
• sensor on the coolant supply line;
• valves and shut-off valves;
• return sensor;
• outdoor temperature sensor;
• several room temperature sensors.

Now you need to figure out how the temperature of the coolant is regulated and how the regulator functions.

Optimum temperature of the coolant in the heating system of a private house

If the water temperature in the heating system of a private house exceeds the norm, the following situations may occur:

• Damage to pipelines. This is especially true for polymer lines, for which the maximum heating can be + 85 ° C. That's why normal value the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment is usually + 70 ° С.

  Otherwise, deformation of the line may occur and a gust will occur;

• Excess air heating. If the temperature of the heat supply radiators in the apartment provokes an increase in the degree of air heating above + 27 ° C, this is outside the normal range;
• Reducing the service life of heating components. This applies to both radiators and pipes.