Payment for district heating services has become a significant item of expenditure for the family budget of apartment residents. Accordingly, the number of users who want to understand the difficult method of calculating payments for heat consumption has increased. We will try to give a clear explanation of how the payment for heating in a private and multi-apartment building is calculated in accordance with the current regulations and rules.

Which payment method to choose for calculation

Calculating the cost of hot and cold water indicated on the utility bill is quite simple: the apartment meter readings are multiplied by the approved tariff. This is not the case with heat - the calculation procedure depends on a number of factors:

• the presence or absence of a house heat energy meter;
• whether the heating of all premises without exception is taken into account by individual heat meters;
• how you have to pay - during the winter period or all year round, including summer.

Note. The decision on payment for heating in the summer is made by the local authority. In the Russian Federation, a change in the accrual method is approved by the state governing body (according to Decree No. 603). In other countries of the former USSR, the issue can be resolved in other ways.

The legislation of the Russian Federation (Housing Code, Rules No. 354 and new Decree No. 603) allows you to calculate the amount of payment for heating in five different ways, depending on the factors listed above. To understand how the payment amount is calculated in a particular case, select your option from the options below:

1. The apartment building is not equipped with metering devices, payment for heat is charged during the period of the service.
2. The same, but heat supply is paid evenly throughout the year.
3. In a residential apartment building, a collective meter is installed at the input, the fee is charged during the heating period. Individual devices may be installed in apartments, but their readings are not taken into account until the heat meters register the heating of all rooms without exception.
4. The same, with the use of year-round payments.
5. All premises - residential and technical - are equipped with metering devices, plus there is a common house meter of consumed heat energy at the input. There are 2 payment methods - year-round and seasonal.

Comment. Residents of Ukraine and the Republic of Belarus will certainly find suitable options among them that comply with the laws of these countries.

The scheme reflects the existing charging options for the district heating service

The installation of apartment heat meters and the benefits of such accounting are described. Here we propose to consider each technique separately in order to clarify the solution of the problem as much as possible.

Option 1 - we pay without heat meters during the heating season

The essence of the methodology is simple: the amount of heat consumed and the amount of payment is calculated according to the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe dwelling, taking into account the quadrature of all rooms and utility rooms. How much does heating an apartment cost in this case is determined by the formula:

• P is the amount to be paid;
• S - total area (indicated in the technical passport of the apartment or private house), m²;
• N - the rate of heat allocated for heating 1 square meter of area during a calendar month, Gcal / m²;

For reference. Tariffs for utility services for the population are set by government agencies. The heating price takes into account the cost of heat production and the maintenance of centralized systems (repair and maintenance of pipelines, pumps and other equipment). Specific norms of heat (N) are established by a special commission depending on the climate separately in each region.

To make the calculation correctly, ask the office of the service provider the value of the established tariff and the standard of heat per unit area. The above formula allows you to calculate the cost of 1 sq.m of heating an apartment or a private house connected to a centralized network (substitute the number 1 instead of S).

Calculation example. Heat is supplied to a one-room apartment of 36 m² by the supplier at a rate of 1,700 rubles/Gcal. The consumption rate is approved at 0.025 Gcal/m². The price of heating as part of the rent for 1 month is calculated as follows:

P \u003d 36 x 0.025 x 1700 \u003d 1530 rubles.

An important point. The above methodology is valid on the territory of the Russian Federation and is valid for buildings where it is impossible to install general house heat meters for technical reasons. If the meter can be supplied, but the installation and registration of the unit was not completed before 2017, then a multiplying factor of 1.5 is added to the formula:

The increase in the cost of heating by one and a half times, provided for by Decree No. 603, is also applied in the following cases:

• the house-wide heat energy metering unit put into operation failed and was not repaired within 2 months;
• the heat meter is stolen or damaged;
• the readings of the house appliance are not transferred to the heat supply organization;
• the admission of the organization's specialists to the house meter in order to check the technical condition of the equipment (2 visits or more) is not provided.

Option 2 - year-round accrual without metering devices

If you are obliged to pay for heat supply evenly throughout the year, and there is no metering unit installed at the entrance to the apartment building, then the formula for calculating heat energy takes the following form:

The decoding of the parameters involved in the formula is given in the previous section: S is the area of ​​the dwelling, N is the standard for heat consumption per 1 m², T is the price of 1 Gcal of energy. The coefficient K remains, showing the frequency of making payments during the calendar year. The value of the coefficient is calculated simply - the number of months of the heating period (including incomplete ones) is divided by the number of months in a year - 12.

As an example, consider the same one-room apartment with an area of ​​36 m². First, we determine the periodicity coefficient with a heating season duration of 7 months: K = 7 / 12 = 0.583. Then we substitute it into the formula along with other parameters: P \u003d 36 x (0.025 x 0.583) x 1700 \u003d 892 rubles. pay monthly for a calendar year.

If your house is not equipped with a heat meter without documented reasons, then the formula is supplemented with a multiplying factor of 1.5:

Then the payment for heating the apartment in question will be 892 x 1.5 = 1338 rubles.

Note. In case of switching to another method of payment for heating utility services (from year-round to seasonal and vice versa), the supplier organization makes an adjustment - recalculation of monthly payments.

Option 3 - payment for a common house meter during the cold period

This method is used to calculate the payment for central heating services in multi-apartment buildings where there is a common house meter, and only a part of the apartments are equipped with individual heat meters. Since thermal energy is supplied to heat the entire building, the calculation is still made through the area, and the readings of individual devices are not taken into account.

• P - amount payable per month;
• S is the area of ​​a particular apartment, m²;
• Stot is the area of ​​all heated premises of the building, m²;
• V is the total amount of heat consumed according to the readings of the collective meter during the calendar month, Gcal;
• T - tariff - the price of 1 Gcal of thermal energy.

If you want to independently determine the amount of payment in this way, you will have to find the values ​​​​of 3 parameters: the area of ​​\u200b\u200ball residential and non-residential rooms in an apartment building, the readings of the meter at the input of the heating main, and the value of the tariff established in your area.

This is how the heat consumption recorder for an apartment building looks like

Calculation example. Initial data:

• square footage of a particular apartment - 36 m²;
• square of all premises of the house - 5000 m²;
• the amount of thermal energy consumed in 1 month is 130 Gcal;
• the rate of 1 Gcal in the region of residence is 1700 rubles.

The amount of payment for the accounting month will be:

P \u003d 130 x 36 / 5000 x 1700 \u003d 1591 rubles.

What is the essence of the method: through the quadrature of the dwelling, your share of payment for the heat consumed by the building for the billing period (usually 1 month) is determined.

Option 4 - accruals by metering device, broken down for the whole year

This is the most difficult way for the user to calculate. The order of calculation looks like this:

Here Rgod and Rkv are the sums of last year's charges for the introductory heat meter for the entire building and a specific apartment, respectively, Rp is the amount of the adjustment.

Let's give an example of calculations for our one-room apartment, given that last year the common house heat meter counted 650 Gcal:

Vav = 650 Gcal / 12 calendar months / 5000 m² = 0.01 Gcal. Now we calculate the payment amount:

P \u003d 36 x 0.01 x 1700 \u003d 612 rubles.

Note. The main problem is not the complexity of the calculations, but the search for initial data. The owner of the apartment, who wants to check the correctness of the calculation of payment, must find out last year's readings of the common house meter or fix them in advance.

In addition, you need to perform an annual adjustment with reference to new meter readings. Suppose the annual heat consumption of the building has increased to 700 Gcal, then the increase in the heating payment should be determined as follows:

1. We consider the total amount of payment for the past year according to the tariff: Рyear \u003d 700 x 1700 \u003d 1,190,000 rubles.
2. The same for our apartment: Rkv = 612 rubles. x 12 months = 7344 rubles.
3. The amount of the surcharge will be: Rp \u003d 1190000 x 36 / 5000 - 7344 \u003d 1224 rubles. The specified amount will be credited to you next year, after recalculation.

If the consumption of thermal energy decreases, then the result of the adjustment calculation will turn out with a minus sign - the organization must reduce the amount of payment by this amount.

Option 5 - heat meters are installed in all rooms

When a collective meter is installed at the entrance to an apartment building, plus individual heat metering is organized in all rooms, payment during the heating season is determined according to the following algorithm:

Why such difficulties? The answer is simple: a priori, the readings of a good hundred individual devices cannot coincide with the data of a common meter due to errors and unaccounted for losses. Therefore, the difference is divided among all apartment owners in shares corresponding to the area of ​​dwellings.

Deciphering the parameters involved in the calculation formulas:

• P is the required payment amount;
• S - the square of your apartment, m²;
• Stot - the area of ​​​​all rooms, m²;
• V is the heat consumption recorded by the collective meter for the billing period, Gcal;
• Vpom - heat consumed during the same period, shown by your apartment meter;
• Vp - the difference between the costs shown by the house metering unit and a group of other devices located in non-residential and residential premises;
• T is the cost of 1 Gcal of heat (tariff).

As an example of calculation, let's take our apartment of 36 m² and assume that for a month an individual meter (or a group of individual meters) “turned up” 0.6, a brownie - 130, and a group of devices in all rooms of the building gave a total of 118 Gcal. The remaining indicators remain the same (see previous sections). How much does heating cost in this case:

1. Vp \u003d 130 - 118 \u003d 12 Gcal (the difference in readings was determined).
2. P \u003d (0.6 + 12 x 36 / 5000) x 1700 \u003d 1166.88 rubles.

When it is required to calculate the value of the year-round payment for heating, an identical formula is applied. Only indicators of thermal energy consumption are used monthly averages taken over the past year. Accordingly, the charge for consumed energy is adjusted annually.

Why do residents of neighboring houses pay different amounts for heat?

This problem arose along with the introduction of various payment methods - by quadrature (standard), by a common meter or by individual heat meters. If you've looked at the previous sections of the post, you've probably noticed the difference in monthly fees. The fact is explained quite simply: if there are measuring devices, residents pay for the resource actually used.

Now we list the reasons why apartment owners receive payments with different amounts, regardless of the heat meters installed in the houses:

1. Two neighboring buildings are heated by different heat supply organizations, for which different tariffs are approved.
2. The more apartments in the house, the less you can pay. Increased heat losses are observed in the corner rooms and dwellings of the last floor, the rest border on the street only through 1 outer wall. And such apartments are the vast majority.
3. One counter at the entrance to the house is not enough. A flow regulator is required - manual or automatic. The fittings allow you to limit the supply of too hot coolant, which is a sin for heat supply organizations. And then they charge a corresponding fee for the service.
4. An important role is played by the competence of the management chosen by the co-owners of the apartment building. A competent business executive will solve the issue of accounting and regulating the coolant in the first place.
5. Uneconomical use of hot water heated by a heat carrier from a centralized network.
6. Problems with metering devices from different manufacturers.

Final Conclusion

There are many reasons for high heating bills. Obvious: a building with thick brick walls loses less heat than reinforced concrete "nine-story buildings". Hence the increased energy consumption, recorded by the meter.

But before undertaking the modernization (insulation) of the building, it is important to establish control and accounting - to install heat meters in all rooms and on the supply line. The calculation method shows that such technical solutions give the best result.

The water heating system has become more and more popular recently as the main way to heat a private house. Water heating can be supplemented with devices such as heaters powered by electricity. Some devices and heating systems have appeared on the domestic market quite recently, but have already managed to gain popularity. These include infrared heaters, oil radiators, underfloor heating systems and others. For local heating, a device such as a fireplace is often used.

Recently, however, fireplaces have been performing more of a decorative function than a heating one. From how correctly the project and calculation of the heating of a private house was carried out, as well as the installation of a water heating system, its durability and efficiency during operation depend. During the operation of such a heating system, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules in order for it to work as efficiently and efficiently as possible.

The heating system of a private house is not only components such as a boiler or radiators. The heating system of the water type includes the following elements:

• pumps;
• Means of automation;
• Pipeline;
• Coolant;
• Devices for adjustment.

To calculate the heating of a private house, you need to be guided by such parameters as the power of the heating boiler. For each of the rooms of the house, it is also necessary to calculate the power of heating radiators.

Boiler selection

The boiler can be of several types:

• Liquid fuel boiler;
• Gas boiler;
• Solid fuel boiler;
• Combined boiler.

The choice of the boiler that will be used by the heating scheme of a residential building should depend on what type of fuel is the most affordable and inexpensive.

In addition to fuel costs, it will be necessary to carry out a preventive inspection of the boiler at least once a year. It is best to call a specialist for these purposes. You will also need to perform preventive cleaning of filters. The easiest to operate are boilers that run on gas. They are also quite cheap to maintain and repair. A gas boiler is suitable only in those houses that have access to a gas main.

Gas is a type of fuel that does not require individual transportation or storage space. In addition to this advantage, many modern-type gas boilers boast a fairly high efficiency rate.

Boilers of this class are distinguished by a high degree of safety. Modern boilers are designed in such a way that they do not require a special room for the boiler room. Modern boilers are characterized by a beautiful appearance and are able to successfully fit into the interior of any kitchen.

To date, semi-automatic boilers operating on solid fuels are especially popular. True, such boilers have one drawback, which is that once a day it is necessary to load fuel. Many manufacturers produce such boilers that are fully automated. In such boilers, solid fuel is loaded offline.

It is also possible to make a calculation of the heating system of a private house in the case of a boiler powered by electricity.

However, such boilers are a bit more problematic. In addition to the main problem, which is that electricity is quite expensive now, they can also overload the network. In small villages, an average of up to 3 kW per hour is allocated per house, but this is not enough for a boiler, and it must be borne in mind that the network will be loaded not only with the operation of the boiler.

To organize the heating system of a private house, you can also install a liquid-fuel type of boiler. The disadvantage of such boilers is that they can cause criticism from the point of view of ecology and safety.

Boiler power calculation

Before you calculate the heating in the house, you need to do this by calculating the power of the boiler. The efficiency of the entire heating system will primarily depend on the power of the boiler. The main thing in this matter is not to overdo it, as a too powerful boiler will consume more fuel than necessary. And if the boiler is too weak, then it will not be possible to heat the house properly, and this will negatively affect the comfort in the house. Therefore, the calculation of the heating system of a country house is important. You can choose a boiler of the required power if you simultaneously calculate the specific heat loss of the building for the entire heating period. Calculation of home heating - specific heat loss can be done by the following method:

q house \u003d Q year / F h

Qyear is the consumption of heat energy for the entire heating period;

Fh is the area of ​​the house that is heated;

In order to calculate the heating of a country house - the energy consumption that will go to heating a private house, you need to use the following formula and a tool such as a calculator:

Q year =β h *)