Normative document for the installation of dry pipes. Dry pipe: principle of operation of the fire system and scope, Portal about pipes
The arrangement of the fire extinguishing system involves the installation of special equipment. Among the actively used systems, dry pipe is considered the most effective. Her key element a dry pipe protrudes - a pipeline located along the perimeter of the room and filled extinguishing agent. What is a fire dry pipe, what are the features of the system and in what areas it is most widely used, we will consider below.
Scope of application
Installations with dry pipe working systems are indispensable at facilities where the risk of fire is increased.
AT without fail they are installed:
- in reactor and cable rooms;
- when installing transformers;
- at timber processing and pulp mills;
- at enterprises producing household chemicals;
- when arranging monitor towers;
- in paint and varnish industries;
- in the arrangement of sports complexes and cultural institutions;
- on stairwells of buildings with the V degree of fire resistance.
An integral element is the dry pipe in the arrangement of Finnish baths.
In small rooms, when the temperature rises, combustible gases accumulate. And the ignition process can begin even without oxygen. To prevent a fire and even an explosion that can occur when the door is opened, you must first reduce the temperature and only then proceed to the next steps. This task is performed by a dry pipe for a sauna. The system, which is put into operation, by spraying water on the walls and ceiling, cools the sauna, allowing you to freely enter it and complete the extinguishing.
A properly designed and installed dry pipe is able to effectively cope with a fire of any complexity.
Advantages of dry pipes
Extinguishing fires using a dry pipe system is based on a sharp cooling of the combustion zones. The main advantages of the system are:
- Ease of installation and unpretentiousness in operation. Repair of individual components will not affect the performance of the installation.
- Due to the use of dry pipes, the working part of the system can be installed in unheated rooms and operated at temperatures below 0°C.
- Affordable cost, both executive units and main components.
- High efficiency of fire extinguishing, which is achieved due to prompt response to the source of ignition.
The irrigation zone of the dry pipe system covers the entire area, thereby preventing not only the spread of fire, but combustion products.
Design features
The name of the installation speaks for itself. Its working part is made of pipes not filled with water. According to fire safety requirements, the diameter of the installation pipes for public buildings should be 65 mm, and for high-rise buildings - 80 mm.
The dry pipe is installed along the perimeter of the rooms, placing it above the door and window openings.
The dry-pipe fire riser consists of a vertical pipeline equipped with fire dampers located on all floors of the building.
Quantity locking devices determined by the length of the pipeline and the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. Material for the manufacture of pipes fire fighting installation steel with an internal anti-corrosion coating protrudes.
The lower end of the fire dry pipe is connected through an external valve to an equipped with a pump plumbing system or water containers. In case of fire, a fire hose is connected through the connection head at a height of 1.35 m, through which water flows from a hydrant or fire truck.
Deployment using dry pipes makes it possible to carry out extinguishing in two directions: inside the burning room and protecting neighboring rooms from the spread of fire.
There are two types of dry pipe fire extinguishing system: deluge and sprinkler.
Deluge systems
The system got its name due to the use of drenchers - special spray nozzles located in the network of irrigation pipelines.
Depending on the shape of the spray nozzle, they can be used for extinguishing with foam or water mist.
Irrigation heads may have a reflective plane, which allows the formation of a jet of finely dispersed water. Such a constructive solution allows reducing water consumption during fire extinguishing and minimizing the destructive effect of moisture on material assets located in the room.
Despite the variety of design options, drenchers are united by the fact that they do not have a thermal lock.
The fire alarm built into it, which reacts to temperature rise, smoke and fire detectors, starts up the dry-pipe deluge installation. After the alarm is triggered, sprayed water jets, forming water curtains using a fire extinguishing mixture, isolate the burning room, preventing the spread of toxic combustion products.
When arranging a dry pipe, you can change one of three options for the incentive mechanism:
- Electric - alarm in case of abnormality fire alarm transmits the primary impulse, activating the water supply.
- Rope - is set in motion due to a cable stretched in the zone of probable fire, equipped with fusible locks. In the event of a line break, the electric drive opens the valve to allow water to enter.
- Hydraulic - thermal lock under the action high temperatures opens. The pressure drop in the system is a signal for water supply.
sprinkler devices
The principle of operation of a sprinkler dry pipe system is similar to how deluge installations work.
The only difference between the systems is that in sprinkler installations there is gas in the incentive pipeline.
The main advantage of a sprinkler system is that it only supplies water to the fire area. But in comparison with deluge installations, its response time to fire is a little longer.
Irrigation nozzles used in the arrangement of the sprinkler system are equipped with fuses that prevent the gas in the pipe cavity from bleed.
The role of the actuator of this type of dry pipe system is performed by a water alarm valve. When ignited, the fusible lock is destroyed by the temperature, and sprinklers located in the fire area release the gas. As soon as the pressure in the pipeline reaches critical, the valve opens the water supply.
Using a dry pipe, correctly calculating the fire extinguishing system and correctly installing it, you can ensure high level reliability of fire protection.
- Content:
- Fire requirements for baths and saunas
- PB of a free-standing bath
- PB saunas inside the house
- How to protect a bath from a fire
The rules and measures of fire safety in the bath and sauna are taken into account even at the design and construction stage of the building. Before starting work, the following must be taken into account: - Fire safety requirements for baths make it possible to equip buildings of 1,2,3 degrees of fire resistance for these premises. In this case, the fire hazard coefficient of load-bearing structures is not higher than C0 and C1.
- Fire-fighting materials used for the bath must have a fire resistance index of EI-45, EI-60. It is allowed to use fire partitions of the 1st type, floors of the 3rd type. With the help of fireproof insulation (basalt and other mineral wool) protect all heating surfaces, and also isolate the chimney.
- Fire regulations establish the need to design a separate emergency exit for steam rooms located in public buildings.
- The volume of the steam room cannot be less than 8 m³, the maximum area is 24 m³. Minimum ceiling height 1.9 m.
- To protect the bath from fire, fire-retardant impregnations and paintwork materials are used. Application of compounds to wooden structures is a mandatory requirement. You can also protect walls from fire with the help of retreats and cuts.
A metal sheet on the wall with a distance provided for the air gap at the installation site of the stove and the chimney passage in the case of a wood-lined steam room is one of the most effective measures. - The installation of a chimney in a bath is carried out in compliance with fire protection measures. It is mandatory to use interfloor cutting, as well as thermal insulation of the chimney when passing through the roof and floor slabs.
- The fire safety requirements of SNiP for saunas limit the use of electric heaters. The maximum power of the device cannot exceed 15 kW. It is not allowed to install an electric furnace that does not correspond to the volume of the steam room.
- Directly above the normal and electric heater be sure to install a metal shield. Walls and ceilings are also protected.
- During the construction of a bathhouse, fire safety standards require the installation of notification and alarm systems that warn of a fire in the steam room and in the locker room.
It is rather problematic to build a bath without violations, but it is even more difficult to ensure in the future safe operation premises.
Fire safety in the Russian bath must be observed even at the construction stages. Visiting the steam room should also remain safe. To do this, you will need to follow several recommendations related to both the operation and protection measures of the building.
- for fire safety wooden bath should stand 10-15 m from a residential building. This distance may vary depending on the degree of fire resistance of the building. The gaps from the bathhouse to the house according to fire safety standards are described in Table No. 11, Federal Law No. 123. If both buildings are built of brick, the limit distance can be reduced to 6 meters.
The distance between the residential building and the bathhouse allows you to reduce the likelihood of a fire spreading. - When installing a metal stove, care should be taken to reliably protect the walls with screens. When installing equipment on a wooden floor, it is necessary to create a refractory layer. It is made from asbestos sheet upholstered with iron.
Fire protection of the wall near the firebox also requires the creation of a heat-insulating layer. Some hosts do cladding refractory brick, others carry out the insulation of the walls from the furnace with mineral heaters, followed by the installation of a metal sheet. - Backfilling of the attic space is mainly carried out using peat and sawdust. According to SNiP, it is necessary to install a vertical cut in the place where the chimney passes. As a rule, the manufacture of a horizontal dividing fence will be additionally required.
- The brick pipe on the roof, according to the norms in SNT, must be whitened. Mandatory whitewashing is aimed at the rapid detection of cracks and splits. Due to violations in the sealing of the chimney, carbon monoxide poisoning can occur.
- Chimney installation in two-story bath carried out with mandatory insulation of the heated surface. You will also need to finish the walls in the bath with fire-fighting materials along the entire path of the chimney. Should be provided inspection hatches for pipe cleaning. It is not allowed to connect two stoves to one pipe at the same time.
- The technology of the fire cut device is described in the PPB. The thickness is at least 12 cm. If it is planned that the degree of heating of the furnace will exceed 100 ° C, the layer is increased to 25 cm with a mandatory lining of felt fabric.
- The ceiling in the bath is made of hardly flammable materials. In most cases, wooden moisture resistant panels impregnated in flame retardants.
- The fire safety of a log bath is ensured by the mandatory use of fire retardant impregnations and compounds. Re-processing of wooden structures is required at least 1 time in 2 years.
- For exterior finish It is recommended to use non-flammable materials. Fireproof cladding of the outer walls of the bath can be made using decorative brick, professional sheet. If a decision is made to use natural wood, the technical regulations oblige it to be treated with fire protection.
- Before the firebox it is necessary to check the draft. In the absence of draft, the necessary pressure can be created by burning a small amount of dry wood chips and sawdust. In no case should you start the firebox without traction.
- Baths require regular maintenance. It includes visual inspection smoke exhaust systems, the integrity of the stove itself, as well as cleaning the chimney.
- Extinguishing fires in saunas and baths often becomes necessary due to simple negligence or as a result of oversight. Cracks in the oven can cause embers or burning sparks to fall out.
Although for a private steam room there are no rules obliging to install an alarm system, a fire extinguishing device in a bathhouse significantly increases the safety of being in it.
The construction of a commercial bath or bath complexes cannot do without the mandatory coordination of projects with representatives of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. According to statistics, among all public buildings, fires most often occur in theaters and saunas (baths). Not surprisingly, these premises are subject to increased safety requirements.
The class of constructive fire hazard of the bath is determined by the type of materials used in construction, the fire resistance of the main building is also taken into account.
Fire safety requirements for the construction of a public sauna or bath include the following:
- Prevention of fire in wood. Wood burns both as a result of direct exposure to fire and as a result of pyrolysis. When heated to the required temperature, spontaneous combustion occurs. In public steam rooms and baths, all wooden structures must be treated with special impregnations and compounds that increase fire resistance.
- Baths in the basement should be equipped with natural and forced ventilation systems.
- When installing an electric stove or a wood-burning stove, air gaps must be observed and the distance to combustible surfaces must be precisely maintained.
- Insulation chimneys, fireproof boards for wooden walls in the bath must withstand exposure to fire for 45-60 minutes.
- A ban on the construction of a bath may take place in the case of designing a steam room in adjacent premises with preschool and educational institutions, in the basements of the building with a total crowd of more than 100 people.
Fire extinguishing system in the sauna and bath
The PB requirements regulate the installation of alarm and fire extinguishing systems in public steam rooms. Since in infrared sauna the air does not heat up, safety rules require the use of serviceable wiring and mandatory grounding.
For electric sauna heaters, it is recommended to use air heating sensors that react to a rapid change in temperature and, in case of danger, turn off the power supply. In addition to circuit breakers and RCDs, this measure is more than enough to prevent a fire in the event of a short circuit.
How to protect a bath from a fire
The owner, who builds a steam room on his own, will have to take into account many mandatory issues: where to place the bath on the site, what heat-insulating fireproof building materials to use, how to provide the necessary fire resistance.
The most frequently asked questions are:
- What thermal insulation provides maximum fire protection? Mineralite or basalt slab. The production process is associated with obtaining the melting of rock at a temperature of 1500 degrees. Plates and windings made of basalt fibers are able to withstand prolonged heating up to 800 degrees. As a result of these properties, fire-fighting materials for the wall near the metal sauna stove, chimney insulation are made on the basis of basalt or mineralite heaters.
In order to install the pipe in a fireproof manner, it will also be necessary to use basalt or mineralite insulation at the place where the floor slabs and roofs pass. - How to make a vertical cut. Fireproof overlap between floors in the bath is made as follows. A vertical cut is made at the place where the pipe passes. It is covered with expanded clay with additional insulation of the heated parts of the chimney.
- How often should fire retardant treatment be carried out? All wooden surfaces it is necessary to open the paintwork at least once every two years. You can check the condition of the protective layer by testing the sample with fire. Light a match, bring a sliver, if after the match goes out, the sliver continues to burn, then the existing fire protection is not enough.
fire safety standards
Plastic plates and signs are made of opaque two-layer foamed PVC with a thickness of 2-3 mm. The material has a low weight and high rigidity, which allows it to be perfect sticker replacement. Unlike them, the plate does not repeat the irregularities of the wall and can be attached to it pointwise in several places on double sided tape or glue and can be easily removed without damaging the surface. In addition, the plates can be easily attached with self-tapping screws.If necessary, plates and signs can also be made of plastic of any thickness from 1 to 5 mm.
Lightfastness and moisture resistance
The lightfastness of the paint is at least 5 years depending on the intensity solar radiation, moisture resistance of paint and material, it is allowed to operate the plates in the open air without additional protective equipment. For more information about the material and method of printing, see the section PRINT TECHNOLOGY
Safety
The material is fireproof (refers to self-extinguishing materials). The material and paints are certified for indoor use.
FASTENING
Double sided tape
Due to its low weight, the material is firmly held on flat surface using double sided tape. Exist different kinds tape for various surfaces. If necessary, you can purchase required amount adhesive tape together with the order or separately. We can send a description of the adhesive tape to your e-mail.
self-tapping screws
When fastening with self-tapping screws, the material does not crack, and there is no need to pre-drill holes to fix the plate.
Universal polymer waterproof adhesive for PVC
The adhesive is suitable for quickly sticking PVC and foam on any surface.
You can buy "TAIFUN" glue in the section "Related products". Click .
SP 10.13130.2009
SET OF RULES
Fire protection systems
INTERNAL FIRE WATER PIPE
fire safety requirements
fire protection system. Fire line inside. fire safety requirements
OKS 13.220.10
OKVED 7523040
Introduction date 2009-05-01
Foreword
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for applying sets of rules - by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules" of November 19, 2008 No. 858
About the set of rules
1 DEVELOPED FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"
3 APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY EMERCOM of Russia Order No. 180 dated March 25, 2009
4 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) on the Internet
INTRODUCED Amendment N 1, approved and put into effect on 01.02.2011 by Order of the EMERCOM of Russia dated 09.12.2010 N 641
Change #1 was made by the database manufacturer
1. General Provisions
1. General Provisions
1.1 This set of rules was developed in accordance with articles,,, and Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations), is normative document on fire safety in the field of standardization of voluntary use and establishes fire safety requirements for internal fire water supply systems.
If there are no fire safety requirements for the object of protection in the sets of rules or if technical solutions are used to achieve the required level of its fire safety, other than the solutions provided for by the sets of rules, special technical conditions should be developed on the basis of the provisions of the Technical Regulations, providing for the implementation of a set of measures to ensure the required level of fire safety of the protected object.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1.2 This set of rules applies to the designed and reconstructed internal fire water supply systems.
1.3 This set of rules does not apply to internal fire water supply:
buildings and structures designed according to special technical conditions;
enterprises producing or storing explosive and flammable combustible substances;
for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:
- reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);
- decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of combustible gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);
- interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);
- spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).
1.4 This set of rules can be used in the development of special specifications for the design and construction of buildings.
2 Normative references
This code of practice uses normative references to the following standards:
GOST 27331-87 Fire fighting equipment. Fire classification
GOST R 51844-2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire cabinets. General technical requirements. Test Methods
Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards, sets of rules and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published on as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1 internal fire water supply(ERW): A set of pipelines and technical means that provide water supply to fire hydrants.
3.2 water tank: A water feeder filled with a calculated volume of water under atmospheric pressure, automatically providing pressure in the ERW pipelines due to the piezometric height above the fire hydrants, as well as the estimated water flow required for the operation of the ERW fire hydrants before the main water feeder (pumping unit) enters the operating mode .
3.3 jet compact height: The nominal height (length) of a water jet flowing from a manual fire nozzle, while maintaining its compactness.
Note - The height of the compact part of the jet is assumed to be 0.8 of the height of the vertical jet.
3.4 hydropneumatic tank(hydro-pneumatic tank): Water feeder (sealed vessel), partially filled with the estimated volume of water (30-70% of the tank capacity) and under pressure compressed air, which automatically provides pressure in the ERW pipelines, as well as the estimated water flow required for the operation of the ERW fire hydrants before the main water feeder (pumping unit) enters the operating mode.
3.5 pumping unit: Pump unit with accessories (piping elements and control system) mounted according to certain scheme that makes the pump work.
3.6 omission: Distribution pipeline ERW, through which water is supplied from top to bottom.
3.7 fire hydrant(PC): A set consisting of a valve installed on the internal fire water supply and equipped with a fire connection head, as well as a fire hose with a manual fire nozzle in accordance with GOST R 51844.
3.8 fire cabinet: Type of fire equipment designed to accommodate and ensure the safety of technical equipment used during a fire in accordance with GOST R 51844.
3.9 riser: Distribution pipeline VPV with fire hydrants placed on it, through which water is supplied from the bottom up.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Piping and technical means*
______________
* Revised edition, Rev. N 1 .
4.1.1 For residential and public buildings, as well as administrative buildings industrial enterprises the need for an internal fire water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing, should be determined in accordance with table 1, and for industrial and storage buildings - in accordance with table 2.
Table 1 - Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing
Residential, public and administrative buildings and premises | Number of fire nozzles | Minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, l / s, per jet | |
1 Residential buildings: | |||
with the number of floors from 12 to 16 inclusive. | |||
with the number of floors of St. 16 to 25 incl. | |||
the same, at overall length corridor of St. 10 m | |||
2 Administration buildings: | |||
height from 6 to 10 floors incl. and volume up to 25000 m inclusive. | |||
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m | |||
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m | |||
3 Stage clubs, theaters, cinemas, assembly and conference halls equipped with cinematographic equipment | According to * | ||
4 Hostels and public buildings not listed in position 2: | |||
with the number of floors up to 10 inclusive. and volume from 5000 to 25000 m inclusive. | |||
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m | |||
with the number of floors of St. 10 and volume up to 25000 m inclusive. | |||
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m | |||
5 Administrative buildings of industrial enterprises volume, m: | |||
from 5000 to 25000 m incl. | |||
St. 25000 m | |||
___________
* See section Bibliography. - Database manufacturer's note.
Table 2 - Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and storage buildings
The degree of fire resistance of buildings | The number of fire nozzles and the minimum water consumption, l / s, per 1 fire nozzle, for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and warehouse buildings up to 50 m high, inclusive. and volume, thousand m |
|||||
from 0.5 to 5 incl. | St. 5 to 50 incl. | St. 50 to 200 incl. | St. 200 to 400 incl. | St. 400 to 800 incl. |
||
Notes:
1 The sign "-" indicates the need to develop special technical conditions for the justification of water consumption.
3 The sign "*" indicates that fire nozzles are not required.
The water consumption for fire extinguishing, depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray, should be specified in Table 3. In this case, the simultaneous operation of fire hydrants and sprinkler or deluge installations should be taken into account.
Table 3 - Water consumption for fire extinguishing depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray
Height of the compact part of the jet | Fire barrel consumption, l/s | Pressure, MPa, at the fire hydrant with sleeves, m | Fire barrel consumption, l/s | Pressure, MPa, at the fire hydrant with sleeves, m |
|||||||||||
Fire hose tip spray diameter, mm |
|||||||||||||||
Fire hydrant valve DN 50 |
|||||||||||||||
Fire hydrant valve DN 65 |
|||||||||||||||
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.2 Water consumption and the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing in public and industrial buildings (regardless of category) with a height of over 50 m and a volume of up to 50,000 m should be taken 4 jets of 5 l / s each; with a larger volume of buildings - 8 jets of 5 l / s each.
4.1.3 In production and storage buildings, for which, in accordance with Table 2, the need for an air blast device is established, the minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, determined according to Table 2, should be increased:
when using frame elements from unprotected steel structures in buildings III and IV (C2, C3) of fire resistance degrees, as well as from solid or glued wood (including flame retardant treatment) - by 5 l/s;
when used in the enclosing structures of buildings IV (C2, C3) of the degree of fire resistance of heaters made of combustible materials - by 5 l / s for buildings up to 10 thousand m. If the volume of buildings is more than 10 thousand m - additionally by 5 l / s for each subsequent full or incomplete 100 thousand m of volume.
The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to buildings for which, in accordance with Table 2, internal fire water supply is not required to be provided.
4.1.4 In the premises of the halls with a mass stay of people in the presence of a combustible finish, the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing should be taken one more than indicated in table 1.
4.1.3, 4.1.4 (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.5 Internal fire water pipeline is not required to provide:
a) in buildings and premises with a volume or height less than those indicated in tables 1 and 2;
b) in buildings general education schools, except for boarding schools, including schools with assembly halls equipped with stationary film equipment, as well as in baths;
c) in the buildings of seasonal cinemas for any number of seats;
d) in industrial buildings in which the use of water can cause an explosion, fire, spread of fire;
e) in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of categories D and D, regardless of their volume, and in industrial buildings of III-V degrees of fire resistance with a volume of not more than 5000 m3 of categories D and D;
f) in industrial and administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as in premises for storing vegetables and fruits and in refrigerators that are not equipped with domestic drinking or industrial water supply, for which fire extinguishing from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs) is provided;
g) in the buildings of warehouses for roughage, pesticides and mineral fertilizers.
Note - It is allowed not to provide an internal fire water supply in industrial buildings for the processing of agricultural products of category B, I and II degrees of fire resistance, up to 5000 m3.
4.1.6 For parts of buildings of different heights or premises for various purposes, the need for an internal fire water supply and water flow for fire extinguishing should be taken separately for each part of the building in accordance with 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
In this case, the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken:
for buildings that do not have fire walls - by the total volume of the building;
for buildings divided into parts by fire walls of types I and II - according to the volume of that part of the building where the greatest water flow is required.
When connecting buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with transitions from fireproof materials and installing fire doors the volume of the building is calculated for each building separately; in the absence of fire doors - by the total volume of buildings and a more dangerous category.
4.1.7 Hydrostatic pressure in the system of fire-fighting plumbing at the level of the lowest located sanitary appliance should not exceed 0.45 MPa.
The hydrostatic pressure in the separate fire water supply system at the level of the lowest located fire hydrant should not exceed 0.9 MPa.
When the design pressure in the fire water supply network exceeds 0.45 MPa, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a separate fire water supply network.
Note - If the pressure at the PC is more than 0.4 MPa, between the fire damper and the connecting head, it is necessary to provide for the installation of diaphragms and pressure regulators that reduce overpressure. It is allowed to install diaphragms with the same hole diameter on 3-4 floors of the building.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.8 The free pressure at the fire hydrants should ensure the receipt of compact fire jets with a height necessary to extinguish a fire at any time of the day in the highest and most remote part of the room. The smallest height and radius of action of the compact part of the fire jet should be taken equal to the height of the room, counting from the floor to the highest point of overlap (cover), but not less than, m:
6 - in residential, public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises up to 50 m high;
8 - in residential buildings over 50 m high;
16 - in public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises with a height of over 50 m.
Notes:
1. The pressure at fire hydrants should be determined taking into account pressure losses in fire hoses 10, 15 or 20 m long.
2. To obtain fire jets with a water flow rate of up to 4 l / s, fire hydrants with accessories with DN 50 should be used; l/s.
4.1.9 The location and capacity of the building's water tanks should ensure that at any time of the day a compact jet with a height of at least 4 m on the top floor or the floor located directly under the tank, and at least 6 m - on the other floors; in this case, the number of jets should be taken: two with a capacity of 2.5 l / s each for 10 minutes with a total estimated number of jets of two or more, one - in other cases.
When installing fire hydrant position sensors on fire hydrants for automatic start-up of fire pumps, water tanks may not be provided.
4.1.10 The operating time of fire hydrants should be taken as 3 hours. When installing fire hydrants on systems automatic fire extinguishing the time of their operation should be taken equal to the time of operation of automatic fire extinguishing systems.
4.1.11 In buildings with a height of 6 floors or more, with a combined system of utility and fire-fighting water supply, fire risers should be looped on top. At the same time, to ensure the replacement of water in buildings, it is necessary to provide for the ringing of fire risers with one or more water risers with the installation of shutoff valves.
It is recommended to connect the risers of a separate fire water supply system with jumpers to other water supply systems, provided that the systems can be connected.
On fire-fighting systems with dry pipes located in unheated buildings, shut-off valves should be located in heated rooms.
4.1.12 When determining the location and number of fire risers and fire hydrants in buildings, the following must be taken into account:
in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of at least three, and in residential buildings - at least two, it is allowed to install twin fire hydrants on risers;
in residential buildings with corridors up to 10 m long, with an estimated number of jets of two, each point of the room can be irrigated with two jets supplied from one fire riser;
in residential buildings with corridors longer than 10 m, as well as in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of 2 or more, each point of the room should be irrigated with two jets - one jet from 2 adjacent risers (different PCs).
Notes:
1. The installation of fire hydrants in technical floors, attics and technical undergrounds should be provided for if they contain combustible materials and structures.
2. The number of jets supplied from each riser should be no more than two.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.13 Fire hydrants should be installed in such a way that the branch on which it is located is at a height of (1.35 ± 0.15) m above the floor of the room, and placed in fire cabinets with ventilation holes adapted for their sealing . Paired PCs can be installed one above the other, while the second PC must be installed at a height of at least 1 m from the floor.
4.1.14 In the fire cabinets of industrial, auxiliary and public buildings, it should be possible to place portable fire extinguishers.
4.1.15 The internal fire water supply networks of each zone of a building with a height of 17 floors or more must have 2 branch pipes with connecting heads with a diameter of 80 mm brought out to the outside to connect mobile fire equipment with a check valve installed in the building and a normal open sealed valve.
4.1.13-4.1.15 (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.16 Internal fire hydrants should be installed mainly at the entrances, on the sites of heated (with the exception of smoke-free) staircases, in lobbies, corridors, passages and other most accessible places, while their location should not interfere with the evacuation of people.
4.1.17 In areas to be protected automatic settings fire extinguishing, internal PCs can be placed on the water sprinkler network after control units on pipelines with a diameter of DN-65 and more.
4.1.18 In unheated rooms closed type outside pumping station ERW pipelines are allowed to be dry-pipe.
4.1.17, 4.1.18 (Introduced additionally, Rev. N 1).
4.2 Pump installations
4.2.1 In the event of a constant or periodic lack of pressure in the internal fire water pipeline, it is necessary to provide for the installation of fire pumping units.
4.2.2 Fire pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks for ERW may be located on the first floors and not lower than the first underground floor of buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance made of non-combustible materials. At the same time, the premises of fire pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks must be heated, separated from other premises. fireproof partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance limit of REI 45 and have a separate exit to the outside or to a stairwell with an exit to the outside. Fire pumping units can be located in the premises of heating points, boiler rooms and boiler rooms.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.2.3 The design of fire pump installations and the determination of the number of standby units should be carried out taking into account the parallel or sequential operation of fire pumps in each stage.
4.2.4 On the pressure line, each fire pump should be provided with check valve, valve and pressure gauge, and on the suction side - the installation of a valve and pressure gauge.
When the fire pump is operating without back pressure on the suction line, it is not necessary to install a valve on it.
4.2.5 It is allowed not to provide vibration-isolating bases and vibration-isolating inserts in fire pumping installations.
4.2.6 Fire pumping units with hydropneumatic tanks should be designed with variable pressure. Replenishment of the air supply in the tank should be carried out, as a rule, by compressors with automatic or manual start.
4.2.7 Pumping installations for fire fighting purposes should be designed with manual or remote control, and for buildings over 50 m high, houses of culture, conference halls, assembly halls and for buildings equipped with sprinkler and deluge installations - with manual, automatic and remote control.
Notes:
1. An automatic or remote start signal should be sent to fire pump units after an automatic check of the water pressure in the system. With sufficient pressure in the system, the start of the fire pump should be automatically canceled until the pressure drops, requiring the activation of the fire pump unit.
2. It is allowed to use household pumps for fire extinguishing, provided that the calculated flow rate is supplied and the water pressure is automatically checked. Household pumps must meet the requirements for fire pumps. When the pressure drops below the allowable level, the fire pump should automatically turn on.
3. Simultaneously with the signal for automatic or remote start-up of fire pumps or the opening of the fire hydrant valve, a signal must be received to open the electrified valve on the bypass line of the water meter at the water supply inlet.
4.2.8 When starting fire pumping units remotely, start buttons should be installed in fire cabinets or next to them. With automatic start-up of fire pumps VPV, installation of start buttons in PC cabinets is not required. When automatically and remotely turning on fire pumps, it is necessary to simultaneously give a signal (light and sound) to the fire station room or other room with round-the-clock stay of service personnel.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.2.9 In case of automatic control of a fire pumping unit, the following shall be provided:
- automatic start-up and shutdown of the main fire pumps depending on the required pressure in the system;
- automatic switch on backup pump in case of emergency shutdown of the main fire pump;
- simultaneous signaling (light and sound) about the emergency shutdown of the main fire pump in the fire station room or other room with round-the-clock stay of service personnel.
4.2.10 For pumping units supplying water for firefighting needs, it is necessary to take the following category of power supply reliability according to:
I - at a water flow rate for internal fire extinguishing of more than 2.5 l / s, as well as for fire pumping installations, the interruption of which is not allowed;
II - at a water consumption for internal fire extinguishing of 2.5 l / s; for residential buildings with a height of 10-16 floors with a total water flow of 5 l / s, as well as for fire pumping installations that allow a short break in operation for the time required to manually turn on the backup power.
Notes:
1. If it is impossible, according to local conditions, to power the fire pumping units of category I from two independent sources of power supply, it is allowed to power them from one source, provided that they are connected to different lines voltage of 0.4 kV and to different transformers of a two-transformer substation or transformers of the two nearest single-transformer substations (with an AVR device).
2. If it is impossible to ensure the necessary reliability of power supply to fire pumping units, it is allowed to install standby pumps driven by internal combustion engines. However, they are not allowed to be placed in the basement.
4.2.11 When water is taken from the reservoir, installation of fire pumps "under the bay" should be provided. If fire pumps are located above the water level in the tank, devices for filling the pumps should be provided or self-priming pumps should be installed.
4.2.12 When water is taken by fire pumps from tanks, at least two suction lines should be provided. The calculation of each of them should be made for the passage of the estimated water flow, including fire fighting.
4.2.13 Piping in fire pumping stations, as well as suction lines outside fire pumping stations, should be designed from steel pipes for welding using flange connections for connection to fire pumps and fittings. In buried and semi-buried fire pumping stations, measures should be taken to collect and remove accidental water runoff.
If necessary, installation drainage pump its productivity should be determined from the condition of preventing a rise in the water level in engine room above the lower mark of the electric drive of the fire pump.
Bibliography
SNiP 2.08.02-89* SNiP 31-06-2009 and SNiP 31-05-2003. - Database manufacturer's note. official publication Revision of the document, taking into account |
The dry pipe riser is a pipeline that is not filled with a fire extinguishing agent and is under the influence of atmospheric pressure.
The dry piping system is a mandatory component of fixed fire extinguishing installations for transformers, cable rooms and reactors.
A dry pipe is a complex of horizontal pipes on which deluge sprinklers and locking devices are located. Vertical conduits from the pumping station or water tanks are connected to the valves.
The number of locking devices is determined by the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the length of the dry pipe. Dry pipeline is most often placed under the ceiling. When a fire occurs, the valves open (automatically or manually) and water enters the sprinklers to fight the fire.
If necessary, a fire hose is connected to the head of the dry pipe, which is located outside the building at a height of 1.35 m. It is supplied with water from a fire truck or hydrant.
The diameter of the dry pipe for residential and public buildings is 65 mm, for high-rise buildings - 80 mm. The pipe material is steel with an internal anti-corrosion coating.
The use of an external dry pipe
A dry pipeline with deluge sprinklers is a convenient and cost-effective means of extinguishing a fire. Dry pipes are often equipped with metro stations and large parking lots (especially multi-storey ones).
Also, a dry pipeline is installed in separate residential and public buildings. Other cases of dry pipe application:
- Buildings with 2 floors of the V degree of fire resistance - the system is installed on the stairwells and displayed in the attic.
- Monitor towers - a dry pipe is installed permanently to connect fire hoses.
- Cable structures located separately from buildings.
- Elevators - a dry pipe with a diameter of 85 mm is installed in the stairwell and brought out. The connecting external head can be connected both to a fire engine with a hose and to a water supply.
In buildings of class F5.1 - F5.3, it is planned to install a dry pipe at the locations of fire escapes. The pipe diameter must be 80 mm. Connection heads are placed at the upper and lower ends of the riser.
If the height of the building to the eaves is 10 m or more, and the width is 24 m, then the risers of the dry pipe must be located at a distance of no more than 250 m from each other around the entire perimeter of the building.
Tanks with a volume of 1000 m 3, regardless of location, must be equipped with a dry pipe and foam concentrates to supply foam to upper part reservoir.
The dry pipe can not be installed in buildings with a width of no more than 24 m and a height of up to the cornice no more than 10 m.