Any owner of a city apartment at least once was surprised at the figures on the receipt for heating. It is often not clear on what basis we are charged for heating and why often the residents of a neighboring house pay much less. However, the figures are not taken from nowhere: there is a norm for the consumption of thermal energy for heating, and it is on its basis that the final amounts are formed, taking into account the approved tariffs. How to deal with this complex system?

Where do regulations come from?

The norms for heating residential premises, as well as the norms for the consumption of any utility service, whether it be heating, water supply, etc., are a relatively constant value. They are accepted by the local authorized body with the participation of resource supplying organizations and remain unchanged for three years.

To put it more simply, the company supplying heat to this region submits documents to the local authorities with the rationale for the new standards. During the discussion, they are accepted or rejected at meetings of the city council. After that, the consumed heat is recalculated, and the tariffs for which consumers will pay are approved.

The norms for the consumption of thermal energy for heating are calculated based on the climatic conditions of the region, the type of house, the material of the walls and roof, the deterioration of utility networks and other indicators. The result is the amount of energy that has to be spent on heating 1 square of living space in this building. This is the norm.

The generally accepted unit of measurement is Gcal/sq. m - gigacalorie per square meter. The main parameter is the average ambient temperature in cold period. Theoretically, this means that if the winter was warm, then you will have to pay less for heating. However, in practice this usually does not work out.

What should be the normal temperature in the apartment?

The standards for heating an apartment are calculated taking into account the fact that a comfortable temperature should be maintained in the living room. Its approximate values ​​are:

• In a living room, the optimum temperature is from 20 to 22 degrees;
• Kitchen - temperature from 19 to 21 degrees;
• Bathroom - from 24 to 26 degrees;
• Toilet - temperature from 19 to 21 degrees;
• The corridor - from 18 to 20 degrees.

If in winter the temperature in your apartment is below the indicated values, it means that your house receives less heat than the norms for heating prescribe. As a rule, in such situations, worn-out city heating systems are to blame, when precious energy is wasted into the air. However, the heating norm in the apartment is not met, and you have the right to complain and demand recalculation.

Homeowners regularly receive bills for the centralized heat supply of high-rise buildings. Receipts contain two items that require payment:

• heating of the living space itself;
• heat supply of entrances, stairs and platforms, corridors.

Calculation of payment for heating an apartment building

This value depends on the availability of a common house heat energy meter. If there is no heat meter, then the flow hot water is charged in accordance with the standards approved by the decree of the authorized authority. The price printed on the receipt is the final result shown on the payment document. The increasing heat metering factor without heat consumption control devices is not applied, since it has been canceled since March 14, 2017 by the relevant document.

Important! The accrual of housing and communal services in Russia and Ukraine is somewhat different, the above methods of monetary relationships between consumers and representatives of the public utility sector are intended for residents Russian Federation.

The payment for heating an apartment is calculated as the product of three multipliers:

• total area dwellings;
• normative consumption of heat energy;
• tariff plan for a single locality.

Calculation for heating according to a common house metering device is definitely more profitable than paying for heat supply according to standard indicators. However, losses Money from the family budget remain overestimated, since the consumed heat contains extraneous heat losses.

Control of heat consumption of a multi-storey building

Two possible calculations are legally allowed utilities for heating:

• can be calculated based on the data of the ODPU;
• calculated according to the individual heat controller.

The first option: only a common house accounting device is installed. In this case, the amount of the fee is determined on the basis of the readings of the device, which are distributed among consumers according to the square meters in use. This method does not allow you to effectively reduce family budget spending, since general house readings contain additional heat losses due to:

• insufficient insulation of public heated areas of high-rise buildings;
• the presence of poorly insulated apartments with old window frames or a corner location.

The management company may offer to pay for the services provided as follows:

• control of heat costs is carried out only in the heated period;
• evenly distributed over all months.

The second option is to insert a personal device connected to a centralized heating system. In this case, the cost of a communal apartment will decrease by approximately 25-30% compared to receipts according to the data of a common house measuring unit.

It should be noted that the supplier company may refuse to allow reporting using personal measuring equipment if not all places of the residential building are equipped with them. Failure can be caused by the fact that the heating equipment has not passed the sealing procedure.


If there is a separate apartment measuring unit, the calculation of the payment for heating according to the metering device will consist of the actual readings of the measuring device and the share of the tenant in relation to heat consumption by public places of a multi-storey building.

Housing and communal services formulas for calculating the cost of heating

For calculations, quite a large number of simple formulas, the use of which is due to a number of factors:

• the presence of a centralized or local heating system - modern new buildings often have built-in or rooftop boilers;
• the presence in the house of an installed public means of heat metering;
• whether or not residential and non-residential premises are equipped with separate heat measuring devices;
• accrual type: only in winter time or equal parts monthly.

Below is a detailed discussion of how to pay for heating on a meter and without it.

Important! The payment rate should be determined in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 dated May 6, 2011 “On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings ”(ed. 09.09.2017).

Rules for the mathematical determination of the cost of heat consumption in the absence of energy appliances

If the accrual occurs only during the cold season, then the payment for heating during the heating period is determined as the product of multipliers:

• the size of your housing according to the registration certificate, m2;
• recommended consumption rate, Gcal/m2;
• tariff plan, rub/Gcal.

The tariff rate is determined by the authorized state bodies for each specific region.

If funds are written off evenly, regardless of the location of the street thermometer, then the determination of the amount charged looks like the product of the following indicators:

• square footage of your property according to the registration certificate, m2;
• heat energy consumption standard, Gcal/m2;
• periodicity coefficient;
• tariff of the supplied service, rub/Gcal.

The periodicity coefficient is calculated:

K = N/12

Where K is the determined coefficient;

12 - the number of calendar months;

N is the duration of the heating season, months.

In the case when the MKD is equipped with a collective heat meter, and the heated areas of the housing sector are partially equipped with individual heat metering units, the charge can be made or in the autumn-spring interval it can be carried out in equal installments distributed over 12 calendar months.

The first calculation option is based on the following information:

• the volume of hot liquid consumed according to the public accounting device;
• square meters occupied by your living space;
• the total area of ​​residential and non-residential rooms and public places;
• the amount of the declared tariff.

The calculation formula looks like:

P \u003d V * S / S k * T

where P is the calculated heat supply price, rub;

V - the amount of hot water supplied according to the general house control device;

S - the area of ​​\u200b\u200byour apartment, determined by the data sheet;

S k - the total quadrature of all sections of a multi-storey building, regardless of purpose;

T - the tariff declared by the supplier for thermal energy.


If the managing organization makes uniform monthly calculations, then the amount that is paid when using the coolant is considered as a product of the following indicators:

• average monthly value of heat consumption for the previous 12 months;
• quadrature of housing, determined by the accompanying technical documentation;
• tariff size.

Important! The average monthly volume of thermal energy is determined on the basis of a set of measurements taken by the collective heat meter, distributed over the number of months in proportion to the square meters occupied by apartments and common areas.

With this procedure for calculating the cost of service in the first quarter of the current year, the amount of the paid amount is adjusted up or down according to the formula:

R cor \u003d R * S / S k - R kv

where R kv - accruals that you need to pay for providing you with utility services over the past 12 months.

How is it calculated for an apartment with an individual accounting device

Heat energy payment apartment building with individual meters connected in all rooms can be calculated in two ways: during the cold season only or year-round in equal shares.

The calculation of the cost of a communal apartment for a heated period is based on the following data:

• heat consumption obtained from measurements of an individual meter;
• the collective level of consumption minus the integrated supply of heat energy to all places equipped with separate heat metering units;
• amount square meters living space indicated in accordance with the technical documentation;
• the total area of ​​all premises of an apartment building, regardless of their use;
• normalized tariff for heat carrier costs.

P \u003d (V i + V 1 * S / S k) * T

where V i is the flow rate shown by the personal heat meter;

V 1 - coolant costs for the billing period according to the indicators of the collective heat meter minus the total amount of energy supplied to all rooms equipped with separate heat metering devices:

V 1 =V-∑Vi

Calculation of the payment for heating accrued throughout the calendar year:

P \u003d (V i + V * S / S k) * T

where V i is the average monthly consumption of heat supplied according to the measurements of the apartment heat meter.

If housing and communal relations are carried out on the basis of last year's average monthly readings of the general house and personal heat meters, in the first quarter of the current year, the payment amount must be adjusted upward or downward.

The adjustment is defined as the difference between:

• the size of the price determined on the basis of actual measurements of complex and apartment heat meters for the billing year
• the cost calculated on the basis of average monthly deliveries of heat energy shown by general house and apartment equipment for the year.

How to reduce payments for the use of coolant

The amount that is accrued by the management company, in the absence of any metering devices for the consumption of thermal energy, can cause serious damage to the family budget. It is possible to reduce your monthly expenses. The solution to the problem is to insert into one heating system pipelines of a common house meter and installation of personal measuring elements. Connecting equipment will reduce costs by about 30%. However, the payback can be several years.

Important! In new houses, the installation of heating meters in the apartment is carried out immediately, at the stage of construction. AT this case only one thing is required from the owners of living space - to issue their sealing, after which they are guaranteed a reduced cost of heat consumption.

According to the requirements of Federal law, consumers have the right to demand in an organized manner from management company installation of a collective heat consumption control device. To connect a personal measuring device and get permission to pay according to its indications, you will have to “wrestle” with the heat supply organization.

A reduction in the amount indicated in the housing and communal services receipt is possible after the completion of work aimed at high-quality insulation of housing. The exclusion of extraneous heat losses will significantly reduce the coolant consumption. Home insulation work will not bring the desired economic result if an apartment heat meter is not installed.

The reason for the overpayment may be too hot radiators. The problem of excessive heating is solved by installing thermostats on batteries, with which you can reduce or increase the flow of coolant, thereby regulating the air temperature in the room. This issue is especially relevant for buildings with vertical wiring pipes, as hot water, rising from the bottom up, gradually cools. The result is hot radiators on the first floors and moderately warm ones on the upper floors.

Important! A radical solution to the problem of prohibitive heating bills is to switch to alternative heating methods. One of them is the presence of its own boiler room. Most often, the boiler room is equipped on the roof. In the modern construction boom in Russia, organizations have appeared that combine the functions of a developer and representatives of housing and communal services. They are responsible for the construction and further operation of the building, including the operation of boiler equipment.

Another possible way of space heating is the use of stationary convectors that use electricity or gas fuel for operation. In this case, complete independence from the centralized heat supply system is ensured, but payments increase according to the readings of the electric meter. This saving option is common abroad, especially in the United States of America.

Why do we pay for heat supply in the ENP in summer

Single payment document(EPD) contains accounts of various sectors of the housing sector, including utility costs for the use of heat in summer time. The tenants have a legitimate question - why in the summer I pay for the heat supply, while heating season is in the fall-spring range.

The legislation of the Russian Federation allows the collection of payments for heat supply in two ways:

• in equal monthly installments;
• only in winter time.

Most often, management companies use the first method, as it allows you to evenly “smear” the monthly payment amount. When accruing in the second way, the costs of the household budget during the heating season will increase significantly, and the rest of the time they will not be charged.

You can not blindly trust the amounts prescribed in the receipt. If there are any doubts about the integrity of the representatives of the housing and communal services, it is best to make independent simple calculations using a calculator according to the above calculation methods. If there is a discrepancy, contact the utility company with a request to issue an invoice again.

Good afternoon!

When applying tariffs differentiated by time of day (day and night) and (or) consumed load per unit of time, the amount of payment for utilities is calculated based on the readings of metering devices and the corresponding tariffs.

In the production of thermal energy for heating an apartment building using autonomous system heating, which is part of the common property of the owners of premises in an apartment building (in the absence of centralized heating), the amount of payment for heating is calculated based on the readings of metering devices and the corresponding tariffs for fuel used for the production of thermal energy. At the same time, the costs of maintaining and repairing in-house engineering systems used for the production of thermal energy are included in the payment for the maintenance and repair of residential premises.

When preparing hot water using the in-house engineering systems of an apartment building (in the absence of centralized hot water preparation), the amount of payment for hot water supply is calculated based on the readings of metering devices and the corresponding tariffs for cold water and fuel used to prepare hot water. At the same time, the costs of maintaining and repairing in-house engineering systems used for preparing hot water are included in the payment for the maintenance and repair of a dwelling.

In the absence of collective (general house), common (apartment) and individual metering devices, the amount of payment for utilities in residential premises is determined according to the established formula: you need to multiply three quantities - the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe dwelling, the tariff and the indicator that takes into account the volume of consumption of thermal energy for heating. In the absence of collective and individual metering devices, the consumption standard is used as the last indicator, the calculation of which is carried out in accordance with the Rules for establishing and determining standards for the consumption of utilities. The standard for the consumption of thermal energy for heating is set in Gcal per 1 sq. km. m of living space at home per month and is determined by dividing the total heat energy consumption for heating during the heating period by the total area of ​​the premises and by 12 months.

If an apartment building is equipped with a common heat meter, but there are no such meters in residential premises, then the average monthly volume of heat energy consumption for heating for the previous year is used instead of the standard. If there is no data on the average volume of consumption, the calculation of the fee should be guided by consumption standards. If, in the presence of a common house metering device, some rooms in the house are equipped with individual heat meters, and some are not, for the former, the fee is determined by the same formulas using the average monthly volume of heat energy consumption for the previous year, for the latter - based on the consumption standard.

The procedure for the provision of public services, including the procedure for their payment, was approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. No. 307. However, it should be noted that the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 06.02.2011. 354 approved new rules for the provision of public services to owners of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings. From September 01, 2012, the current rules become invalid.

When planning the heating system of our house, we face the question of how to correctly calculate the heating. And the calculation in this case has two aspects: on the one hand, it is necessary to find out which devices should be installed to maintain a comfortable microclimate in the room, and on the other hand, to calculate the amount that will need to be spent on paying for services.

Heating of a private house

Boiler type and power

If we are planning the construction or reconstruction of a private house, then one of the most important design points is the choice of a boiler that is optimal in terms of power. If you install an insufficiently productive boiler, then in the cold season it will work in forced mode, which will lead to its rapid wear. On the other hand, we also don’t want to pay for the power we don’t need!

Note! The use of a boiler with excess power leads to an increase in energy consumption by 20-30%

The first thing to decide - this is the type of the boiler itself:

• Solid fuel- relatively inexpensive and economical, but have some inconvenience in operation. Such inconveniences include, for example, the need for periodic fueling (in severe frost - up to 3-4 times a day).
• Liquid fuel- have quite acceptable performance characteristics, but a large amount of toxic combustion products makes their use insufficiently environmentally friendly.
• Electrical- quite effective and easy to use. Main disadvantage such boilers - the high cost of electricity.
• Gas- the preferred option for most parameters, including ease of use and economical use of energy resources. The key disadvantage is the high price of the equipment itself and dependence on the presence of a gas pipeline.

Regardless of the type of installation used to heat the house, it is necessary to choose its optimal performance.

There is quite simple formula to calculate it:

Wcat \u003d Wud * S / 10

In this case:

• Wkot - the minimum allowable power of the boiler.
• Wsp is an indicator of specific power per 10 square meters.
• S is the area of ​​the heated room.

Note! Specific power is a standard indicator and differs in different regions. So in Moscow and the Moscow region, this parameter is 1-1.2, in the northern regions it can reach 2, and in the southern regions it is 0.7-0.9.

Calculation of radiators

In addition to the boiler itself, it is also necessary to produce. Below we will tell you how the heating of the main area of ​​\u200b\u200bour house is calculated.

The following formula is used to calculate the number of batteries:

W=S*h*41

• W - the power of the radiators, sufficient to ensure a comfortable temperature in the room.
• S is the area of ​​the room.
• H - height from the floor to the ceiling (excluding suspended structures).
• 41 - the rate of consumption of thermal energy per cubic meter of internal volume.

The result of the calculation using this formula is the total power of the installed radiators. We divide the resulting figure by the heat transfer of one section of the battery (the instructions for the radiator should contain this information), and we get required amount sections. To ensure the best heating, it is better to round the resulting number up!

Naturally, after completing all the calculations, it is necessary to select the optimal models of radiators and install them in such a way that heat losses are minimal. The technology for installing heating radiators is clearly demonstrated in the video tutorials that are posted on our portal.

Pay calculation

Payment without a common house meter

Not less than important point is the calculation of payment for the heat supply of your apartment. According to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 "On the provision of public services ..." heating payment includes:

• Payment for heating provided in your apartment.
• Payment for heating of common premises.

The calculation technology depends on whether your house is equipped with heat meters. In our article, we will consider both options, which will allow you to do the calculations yourself in any situation.

So, how is the heating tariff calculated in a house in which a common meter is not installed?

Payment for heating the apartment itself, in which it is installed individual counter heating, is produced according to the formula:

P i = V i * T k, where:

• V i - the amount of heat consumed according to the indicators of the individual metering device.

For example, the meter showed that you spent 1.5 gigacalories of heat in a month. In this case, the total will be:

1.5 * 1400 (heating tariff) = 2100 r.

If there is no counter, then another formula is used:

P i = S i * N t * T t , where:

• S i - room area
• N t - consumption standard
• T t - tariff set for the region

In this case, the calculation example looks like this:

• The consumption standard is 0.025 Gcal per square meter.
• The area of ​​the apartment is 75 square meters.
• Tariff - 1400 rubles.

As a result, we have:

77 * 0.0025 * 1400 \u003d 2,625 rubles.

As you can see, a careful calculation shows the effectiveness of installing a heating meter in each apartment, because the savings are very significant.

P i = V i * T k, where:

• V i - the amount of heat provided for general house needs for the reporting period.
• T k is the tariff established by law.

For example, if 1 gigacalorie was spent on general heating, then the cost of payment will be 1400 rubles.

• With installed individual metering devices: 2100 \u003d 1400 \u003d 3500 rubles.
• Without individual counters: 2625 = 1400 = 4025 rubles.

Payment with a public meter

If a common metering device is installed in the house, then the calculation of individually consumed thermal energy is calculated as follows:

P i \u003d V d * S i /S d *T t, where:

• V d - the amount of heat consumed for the period according to the indicators of the general house heating meter.
• S i is the area of ​​the apartment.
• S d - the area of ​​\u200b\u200ball the premises that make up the house (including residential, non-residential and utility).
• T t is the tariff set in your region.

Payment for heating of common areas is made according to the same formula as in the previous case.

Another way is to use utility calculators. Today there are several such calculators, and the data obtained as a result of their application provide sufficient accuracy of calculations.

In our article, we showed how calculations are performed required power heating boilers and radiators to heat your home, as well as clearly demonstrated how to calculate the tariff for heating an apartment in different situations. We hope that the formulas and examples given here will be useful, because strict accounting is the most important condition for reducing costs!

Residents of apartment buildings are often interested in how profitable common house heating meters are, the installation of which has recently been mandatory in all regions of Russia.

It is difficult to answer this question unambiguously, since there are several options for calculating the monthly fee for such a service. Let us consider in more detail the existing accrual procedures, taking into account all sorts of nuances.

The Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ “On energy saving of energy resources and the use of metering devices for energy resources used when calculating for them” indicates the importance of installing common house meters designed to control heat consumption.

According to Law No. 261, management companies can install heat metering devices without the consent of residents of multi-apartment buildings, charging payment according to the data received

The regulation obliges to install such devices in all apartment buildings, with the exception of emergency buildings. In addition, it is considered inappropriate to equip buildings with these devices if the amount of payment for the purchase and installation of a flow meter exceeds the amount of heating payments received within six months.

Legislators believe that this Decree will contribute to the achievement of the following goals:

• Fair distribution of payment for heat energy supplied to homes. Homeowners who care about reducing heat loss (for example, those engaged in thermal insulation of an apartment or facade) should pay less than those who constantly leak heat through cracks or an open window.
• Motivation of residents to respect both residential and common premises. They should know that the payment for heating will automatically increase in case of an open door or broken glass not only in the apartment, but also in the entrance.

In addition, Law No. 261 officially transfers responsibility for common house property to tenants. According to this legal act, public utilities are no longer responsible for the condition of entrances, basements and attics. All work in common areas must be carried out at the expense of the owners of apartments located in the same building.

Varieties of common house heat meters

As heat control devices, various equipment is used, which may differ in the way it works, design features, specific maintenance and installation.

Like any measuring device, a general house flow meter is subject to mandatory verification, which, as a rule, is carried out once every 3-4 years. Not only the service life depends on this procedure, but also the correctness of the instrument readings.

To make a decision on the installation of a particular model will help the specialists of the organization involved in the installation and maintenance of such devices in the city (region). They will talk about the features of the devices, recommend options that the best way operate in local conditions.

They will also advise on the equipment ( shut-off valves, filters, etc.), which should be purchased separately, as well as give advice on the supplier's warranty obligations.

Most often, four types of flow meters are used in housing and communal services:

• tachometric (mechanical);
• vortex;
• electromagnetic;
• ultrasonic.

Consider the above devices in detail.

Option #1: Tachometric

Such devices, the system of which includes mechanical rotary or vane devices and heat meters, are considered the most budget option, since their cost is much lower than similar devices of other types. However, for their installation, in addition to standard equipment, an additional magnetic-mechanical filter is required, which protects both the device itself and the entire system from contamination.

The tachometric meters are powered by a battery, the resources of which are enough for 5-6 years. Due to the absence of sensitive electronics, the device can function reliably for a long time in adverse conditions (for example, with high humidity)

The main disadvantage of this category of models is the inability to use them with low water quality (increased hardness, a large percentage of impurities). In this case, the filter quickly becomes clogged, causing a decrease in the pressure of the coolant. Due to this feature of operation, tachometric meters are usually used only in the private sector.

Option #2: electromagnetic

Such devices are based on the well-known property of liquids - the generation of electric current during the passage of magnetic fields. By measuring the volume of water and incoming/outgoing temperatures, even very small currents can be detected.

Electromagnetic devices are different a high degree accuracy, but require quality installation and regular maintenance performed qualified personnel. With untimely cleaning, the devices begin to overestimate the readings. The high content of ferruginous compounds in the liquid and poor-quality wiring also contribute to the distortion of data upwards.

Option #3: Vortex

When a fluid flow meets an obstacle, eddies are formed in the water. It is on this principle that the operation of the mechanisms is based. of this type. Such measuring devices can be installed both on horizontal and on vertical sections communication systems, the main thing is that the device is located on straight section pipeline.

A great advantage of vortex devices is the presence of a radio interface, thanks to which service organizations are able to remotely take readings and receive information about malfunctions.

The advantages of such meters include low energy consumption (one lithium-ion battery is enough for about 5 years). Vortex meters are sensitive to pressure drops, as well as the presence of large impurities, which is why they require additional installation filters. At the same time, impurities of metal salts in water, as well as deposits formed in pipes, do not affect instrument readings.

Option #4: ultrasonic

The indications of devices of this type are based on the passage of an ultrasonic signal through a water stream. The higher the speed of the latter, the longer the wait for a response.

Ultrasonic meters are very sensitive to welding currents. They are also not very durable in conditions of inadequate water quality used in the system.

Devices of this type show themselves well in new houses, in the pipes of which there are no deposits. However, impurities, pressure drops, air bubbles in water can significantly increase the readings of this category of flowmeters.

Before installing the flowmeter, you need to know

All expenses for the purchase, installation, maintenance of the device are borne by the tenants. For owners of non-privatized apartments, the cost of installation is reimbursed by the local municipality.

When choosing a company to install a heating meter, you need to find out if it has permits, permits and certificates, as well as a certificate of state registration

The choice of an organization that will undertake the installation of the apparatus requires special attention. It is desirable that the same company is also involved in the maintenance of the meter, including timely cleaning of filters, maintenance, regular checks of the device.

External negative factors

It is also important to take into account that many external factors influence the correct operation of flowmeters. Among them are reasons such as:

• The formation of mineral deposits in the pipes, due to which their inner diameter decreases. This causes the flow to increase. Because the measuring instruments calculated for a certain size of elements, reducing this indicator will lead to incorrect calculations, and the result will exceed the actual value.
• The presence of impurities in the water. Mechanical impurities and air bubbles cause a significant reading error, up to 10%. To clean the liquid, it is recommended to additionally equip the devices with filters that trap foreign particles.
• Precipitation on flowmeter parts. When using mechanical structures, such a process reduces the readings, while in other types of devices it causes a significant (sometimes multiple) excess of the actual values.
• Unfavorable microclimate of the room where the measuring device was installed. Dampness, temperature fluctuations are especially reflected in devices with electronic mechanisms.
• Lack of grounding and poor electrical circuits, as a result of which an electrical potential may arise in the pipeline.
• Uneven pressure in the system adversely affects the correctness of the measurements. The same can be said about the sloppy installation of the meter, which can also distort the data.
• Heat carrier temperature. Hot liquid, the temperature of which exceeds allowable norms, can harm counter elements.

To avoid false readings and prolong the life of the instrument, it is important to carry out qualified maintenance and inspection of the instrument on a regular basis.

Household ways to save money

There are several proven ways to reduce heating payments generated using common house meters.

Insulation of the facade of the house with mineral wool, foam or other materials will reduce heat transfer in environment and thus reduce heat consumption.

The following joint activities will help to reduce the indicators:

• high-quality insulation of the building;
• full glazing of the entrance with the replacement of conventional frames with more durable and heat-insulating metal-plastic products.

Although such activities will require a one-time investment of residents, they are beneficial in the long run.

Settlement operations on a common house appliance

Not so long ago in the Russian Federation, the Decree of the Government of Russia No. 603 of 06/29/2016 was adopted, which describes in detail the updated rules for calculating heating according to a common house meter.

According to this legislative act, the price of heat energy depends on the following factors:

• heat receipts from a heating plant or a small boiler house serving a house (a group of buildings);
• the presence / absence of a common house heat meter;
• equipment of apartments with individual flow meters or their absence.

According to paragraph 42.1 of the "Calculation Rules" No. 354, depending on the decision of the local municipality, payment for the provided heat can be charged only during the heating season or evenly distributed monthly throughout the year. Several options are being considered in the adopted legislation.

Supply of heating to a house with an operating control room (without individual appliances)

If heat is supplied to a building equipped with general house flow meters, and there are no individual heat meters in the apartments, then in case of payment for heat during the heating season, the calculation is made according to the formula:

P \u003d V x (S / S about) x T, where

V is the total amount of heat supplied to the building based on the indications of the general house flow meter (in gigacalories);

• S is the total area of ​​a separate apartment (in square meters);
• S about - the total living area of ​​apartments located in the building, m 2;
• T is the tariff for one provided gigacalorie (set by the local administration in agreement with the providers of this service), rub/Gcal.

If the payment for heat is charged evenly throughout the year, the recalculation factor K is added to the formula. It is calculated by dividing the number of months of the heating season (7-8) by 12 (the number of months in a year). If the period of heating houses lasts for seven months, then K=0.58.

Regardless of the calculation scheme, the total amount contributed during the year will be approximately the same.

If the installation of the OPU is not possible

In this case, the procedure for calculating payment for heat to residents of old houses is considered, where, due to technological features networks, it is impossible to install common house metering devices. In this case, payments are calculated according to the standard for heat consumption.

A common house meter in itself does not reduce heat energy consumption, however, its use motivates residents to consciously use this resource

When calculating payments only in the months of the heating period, the following formula is used:

P = S x N x T, where

• S - total area of ​​housing, m 2;
• N- normative norm heat consumption, measured in gigacalories per square meter;
• T is the tariff set by the local administration for 1 Gcal, agreed with the service provider, RUB/Gcal.

If the payment for heat energy is divided into all months of the year, then the recalculation factor K = 0.58 should be added to the formula (as in the previous case, it is calculated by dividing 7 months of the heating season by 12 months). So the formula will look like:

P = S x (N x K) x T

As in the previously noted case, the total annual payments will be the same.

Lack of an operating system with the possibility of its installation

If the house does not have a common house meter, but it is technically possible to install it, then the following formula is used to charge fees during the heating season:

P = S × N × K rev × T, where

• S is the area of ​​the desired premises (in sq.m);
• N is the standard for heat consumption (Gcal/sq.m);
• K pov - increasing coefficient, the value of which varies. In 2016, this indicator was 1.4, and since January 1, 2017 it has increased to 1.5;
• T is the tariff for heat energy established in the given region (rub/Gcal).

In the case of monthly payment for heat throughout the year, the resulting number is multiplied by the coefficient K = 0.58 already known to us (for a seven-month heating season).

Calculation of heat with OPU and individual meters

This option is often found in newly commissioned houses. In this case, the calculation is made according to the formula:

P \u003d (V and + V about x S / S about) x T, where

V and - the amount of heat energy consumed during the estimated period according to the readings of individual flow meters (Gcal);

V o - the amount of heat in gigacalories supplied to the residents of the house according to the total meter, with the exception of the amount consumed, which is determined by the formula

, where

• V n - the amount of heat energy consumed over the calculated interval, determined according to the indications of common house devices for the heating season (Gcal);
• S1 - the area of ​​​​the dwelling, equipped with an individual meter (sq.m);
• Vodn - the amount of electricity according to the readings of individual flow meters installed in apartments;
• S about - the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bresidential and office premises in the house (square meters);
• T is the tariff for heat energy accepted in the given area.

In this case, payment is made only during the heat supply season.

Benefits of using counters

Household flow meters can significantly save on heating. The price for heat, calculated according to actual indicators, is on average 30% lower than according to the standards.

The high cost of a common house heat metering device is reimbursed within three years from the date of installation, since such a device allows you to reduce payments for heat by almost a third

In addition, when paying according to the established tariffs, the beginning / end of the heating period is not taken into account: regardless of specific given payment is made for the whole month.

But a common house meter does not solve all problems with paying for heating, since in this case all apartment owners have to pay according to averaged data, regardless of the amount of heat consumed.

Although the cost of an individual heat control device is very significant, it quickly pays off, especially if measures are taken to save heat energy.

In this case, residents will be helped out by an individual heat energy meter, which also allows you to adjust the heat transfer of radiators.

Calculation of standards for heating

When developing norms for heat consumption, the following is taken into account:

• The total consumption of heat energy, which is necessary for heating all premises during the heating season.
• The total area of ​​heated spaces in the building, as well as buildings connected to the heating system.
• The duration of the heating season (including partial calendar months in which the measurements were taken are taken into account).
• In addition, when making calculations, it is mandatory to take into account average daily temperatures heated air indoors and cold outside (measurements are carried out during the heating season). In the first case, the indicators indicated in normative documents for the provision of public services to the population. In the second, the average value for the five previous heating periods is taken into account (data are provided by the regional hydrometeorological service).

An important parameter is also the average maximum temperature, which is calculated from the measurements of the five most frosty winter days following one after another.

Homeowners must take care of the supplied equipment, as they pay not only for its installation, but also for maintenance and repair of the device

In the temperate climate zone, district heating services are usually produced within 7-8 months - from September-October to April-May; in the first and last months, fees may be charged at a reduced consumption rate.

Approval process for regulations and tariffs

All calculated indicators are compiled by specialists and employees of heat supply organizations. Then they are compulsorily approved by the energy commissions operating within a particular locality, region, or territory. Representatives of local authorities and public organizations, as well as deputies of different levels.

Tariffs are calculated in accordance with the legislative acts of the Government of the Russian Federation, which establish consumption standards for housing and communal services, including the amount of heat. Heat supply organizations need to document and justify the proposed prices for heating services.

Since the actual outdoor temperature during the heating season may not coincide with the calculated standards, once a year the housing and communal services services recalculate. In severe cold weather, consumers will have to pay a certain amount, while in mild winters, there may be an overpayment, which is counted against future payments. The same procedure is carried out once a year in houses where flow meters are not provided.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The presented video presents the opinion of a specialist about the benefits provided by common house heat meters.

General house counter - useful device which can significantly reduce the very high heating costs. Despite the high cost, the funds for its installation quickly pay off, especially with the conscious interaction of residents who take joint measures to reduce heat consumption.