The space between the beams and crossbars, which, as a rule, are left visible from the outside, is filled with various materials, this is the frame houses, it doesn’t matter whether this or the board is used in half-timbered houses.

In ancient times in Germany, the Germans used used clay mixed with. There is even a house built in the 13th century, which was built by a German builder in 1347.

Beams from a bar for such a time did not rot, and the wood became strong, like a stone. This house will stand for more than one century. Europeans have long realized the reliability of these houses, gradually they begin to appear in Russia. And all this was done by hand, without the use of power tools.

It's amazing that half-timbered house can stand for more than 500 years, this proves the reliability of this type of construction.

Today, technological solutions can be very diverse; in half-timbered construction, panoramic double-glazed windows, brick, wood, a natural stone and etc.

Feature of German frame houses in Germany

A characteristic feature of the half-timbered house is the protrusion of each upper floor above the previous one. This historical feature is by no means connected with the desire to increase the area of ​​the upper floor. This was done in order to protect the facade of the house, which is also the supporting frame of the entire building, from precipitation and excess moisture. Thanks to such indents, water flowing down the walls of the upper floors flows directly to the ground, and the facade of the lower floor remains dry.

Half-timbered houses

Despite the fact that the widespread use of half-timbered houses was to some extent due to the desire to save wood, this technology proved to be excellent and has a number of advantages.

This is a fairly inexpensive and environmentally friendly type of construction that you can afford to build yourself. Half-timbered houses are unusual and beautiful.

In modern construction, glued coniferous timber is more often used, which provides buildings with strength and durability, but ordinary timber can also be used, the main thing is to choose good quality dry timber.

Modern half-timbered houses

Through the use of modern modern house in the half-timbered style will not only be aesthetically attractive, but also warm and cozy.

When choosing a material to fill the space between the beams, you can show your imagination and use, along with traditional building materials, glass, carved wood, clay mixtures, etc. It will be beneficial to play and protect from moisture the coloring of beams or filler with modern paints and varnishes.

Having all these advantages, half-timbered houses are being built today, many are ready to build such structures with their own hands. In addition, quite light in nature, half-timbered houses do not require construction. Perfect for them, which will allow you to put such a house even on a slope and on the purchase of land.

Video about modern glass frame half-timbered houses

The word "half-timbered" comes from the German words "Fach" - panel, section and "Werk" - construction. Fachwerk is a frame technology for building houses, which implies a rigid massive wooden frame and various materials as part of its openings. The history of the appearance of these houses dates back to Medieval Germany. Subsequently, fachwerk became popular throughout Europe. Half-timbered buildings that are over 500 years old are still preserved.

House projects

Modern fachwerk

The ideal material for the frame of a half-timbered house is glued wood. Production technology this material endows him special properties, favorably distinguishing it from solid wood - high strength, durability, absence of warping and cracking, aesthetics. Structural laminated timber up to 12 meters long allows you to design houses with complex architecture and design.

In glued wood, when changing temperature and humidity, the stability of the structure is maintained, unlike solid wood. The fire resistance of glued wood, not treated with fire retardant impregnations, is 2-4 times higher than that of metal.

The special connection of the frame elements gives it stability even during earthquakes of medium strength. Upon completion of construction, the half-timbered house does not shrink and is ready for finishing work.

Accuracy, quality, experience

TAMAK has more than 10 years of experience in the design and production of half-timbered houses from glued wooden structures. Details of houses are made on high-precision woodworking centers Hundegger K2 (Germany).
Lumber undergoes triple control: upon receipt at the warehouse, after drying and before gluing, when unacceptable defects are removed.

Drying of raw materials in special chambers to the required moisture level of 10 ± 2% relieves wood from fungus and insects and prevents their appearance during operation.
TAMAK's own laboratory tests control samples for compliance with Russian and European standards.

Every year since 2000, the production technology, as well as TAMAK wooden glued structures, are certified by the authoritative German Otto-Graf-Institut, which allows the company to build houses based on glued wood not only in Russia, but also in Europe.

Wood

For the manufacture of wooden elements of a half-timbered house on TAMAK, environmentally friendly wood of the Ural spruce and Siberian larch is used. Trees growing in the northern regions are distinguished by a special density and fine-layered rings. Due to harsh climatic conditions, the tree grows more slowly than in the southern regions, and the wood is cleaner, healthier, denser, stronger and more durable. Sometimes it is called "iron" wood.

Space for fantasy

The wooden frame of a half-timbered house bears the entire load, so the filling of the openings between the racks can be made of a variety of materials - stone, brick, blocks, glued laminated timber, panels with mineral wool insulation, modern double-glazed windows. A wide choice of materials gives freedom in choosing the finishing of the house and, accordingly, its final exterior.

The architecture of the German half-timbered house has its own unique style. Wooden frame, usually painted dark color, visually divides the light walls into many fragments of different shapes and makes the half-timbered house easily recognizable. The technology makes it possible to create glued beams of large cross-section and up to 12 m in length, which opens up wide opportunities for designing large-span premises and implementing the most daring design ideas. Fachwerk is great for the construction of not only individual houses, but also public buildings.

For special connoisseurs

Half-timbered houses carry the image of a house with a history, respectable and colorful, and attract people who prefer houses in an unusual architectural style. The wooden frame, deliberately uncovered by the decoration, creates a feeling of stability, security and majesty of the building, and the walls made of materials of different types and colors satisfy the different stylistic tastes and preferences of the owners.

Particular attention has recently been paid by architects to the so-called "glass fachwerk". In this type of fachwerk, double-glazed windows are used as wall filling. Floor-to-ceiling glazing, excellent natural light, spaciousness and the fusion of the space of the house with the surrounding nature attract more and more connoisseurs. German half-timbered houses are the choice of those who do not just want to build their own house, but create a real family nest, a house for several generations.

In the era of maximum development of design and construction, many people dream of their own ideal housing, and in order to make this dream come true, it is necessary to take care not only of the internal environment, but also of the external appearance of the building. At the same time, the choice of a stylistic direction depends on many factors, including the surrounding small architectural forms, the landscape, as well as financial and technical capabilities. However, the fundamental criterion for choosing the direction of styling is the taste preferences of the future homeowner. Despite the fact that in this case everything seems obvious, the situation is somewhat complicated by the increased requirements for private real estate. In Russia, more and more often you can find elite suburban villages, cottages in which are made in the same style. An unusual solution, which is gaining more and more popularity, are groups of cottages, the facade of which is made in the half-timbered style, which came to us from Western Europe. The historical quarters of the old towns of Germany, Switzerland and Holland are built up with similar buildings, reminiscent of gingerbread houses from a fairy tale, which fascinate tourists and are attractions in themselves. These buildings are wrapped in the charm of Europe and the spirit of antiquity, which hovers even over modern half-timbered buildings. Thanks to the development of innovative technologies in construction, complemented by the high professionalism of the craftsmen, each developer gets the opportunity to recreate half-timbered houses with their own hands. To make sure that you want to have such a house in private ownership, check out the materials in this article, which discusses the features of building a half-timbered house.

Half-timbered houses: a brief historical background

The name of the half-timbered style, which comes from the German fach - panel, werk - structure, and in general is translated as "frame construction", came to us from Germany, where this architectural solution has been popular since the ΧV century. First of all, you need to understand that fachwerk is building construction a special type, the basis of which is a rigid frame made of timber and formed by a system of elements of vertical, horizontal and diagonal elements, such as posts, beams and braces. In this case, the gaps between the supporting elements are filled with various materials. If earlier it was stone, clay or adobe, then the development of today's construction industry allows us to diversify this list with modern insulation and sandwich panels. Despite the fact that such wooden frame structures are common throughout the European state, they are steadily associated with gingerbread houses from German fairy tales. Historically, the half-timbered style was used in the construction of not only residential areas, but also warehouses, industrial buildings, warehouses and even small churches. It is important that frame structures in the half-timbered style play not only a functional, but also a decorative role, which is due to their distinctive feature - the visible frame of the structure, which emphasizes the shape of one-story and two-story buildings with its cellular structure.

IN currently frame construction methods are used in the construction of luxury homes. Characteristic style - the absence of any restrictions on the designer's imagination, and a large glazing area creates a unique feeling of unity with nature. The modern manifestation of the fachwerk was a stylistic trend that originated in the 70s of the ΧΧ century. The main trend of that time was a radical restructuring of old forms into something new, previously unknown and not always successful. It was at this time that fachwerk experienced its second birth, followed by an interesting development. To date, there is a distinction between the construction of half-timbered houses and the decoration of houses in this style.

Half-timbered houses photo

German fachwerk: design features of the building

The German half-timbered building is considered the most ancient building style, the main architectural and stylistic concept of which is borrowed by modern half-timbered buildings. But, despite the unity of the stylistic concept, modern half-timbered houses show only an external resemblance to their progenitor - the German half-timbered house and a distant resemblance architectural forms. A modern house in the German half-timbered style is a reliable high-strength frame structure, which is designed in the spirit of past years and demonstrates respectability, nobility, as well as clarity of lines and perfection of forms. The basis of the German-style half-timbered house is a frame, which is made of solid or glued coniferous timber. know-how modern construction is the construction of the frame of the house, in which polypropylene or mineral wool boards are placed, equipped with two membrane layers: windproof, which prevents the fibers of the heat-insulating material from blowing out, and moisture-proof, protecting the material from moisture penetration.

For the manufacture of the building, pre-prepared sandwich panels can be used, pressed on both sides with cement-bonded, mineral wool or polypropylene boards, attached to the wooden frame of the building. For the manufacture of the frame of the building, only modern equipment is used, which allows to carry out work with high accuracy. Also at the production stage, it is treated with antiseptic compounds that prevent the development of mold and fungus. In addition, the building frame can be glazed, filled with slabs or sandwich panels, without deviating from architectural project. At the final stage of construction and during the execution exterior finish wooden structures must be treated with protective compounds produced on natural oil based protecting the frame structure from impact ultraviolet radiation, fire and biological damaging objects.

Reasons for the popularity of half-timbered houses

• The sophistication of appearance is not the only advantage of half-timbered houses. modern houses made in this style are different large area glazing, which creates the impression that the boundaries of the house are dissolved, ensuring the unity of man and the surrounding nature. However, this is also the reason for the popular misconception that such structures cannot be used as residential buildings in regions with a harsh climate, and even more so in harsh Russian winters. To dissuade you from this, we note that half-timbered houses are among the most economical designs in terms of energy saving and can compete directly with buildings made of brick, concrete, stone and logs.

Important! The large savings in heat energy, characteristic of half-timbered houses, are due to the use of special energy-saving glazing. Unlike conventional glass, it reduces heat loss through openings. In addition, in the manufacture of modern half-timbered structures, sandwich panels are used, the structure of which includes heat-insulating materials that reduce heat loss. And, finally, such buildings are equipped with a "warm floor" system that regulates heat transfer in the building.

• The optimal rigidity of the frame guarantees the absence of shrinkage and deformation, which is another indisputable advantage of half-timbered structures.
• In the process of individual construction of houses to difficult conditions often use such frame structures, due to their lightness and, unlike brick houses, less pressure on the ground. Due to the fact that frame structures of this type do not need to install a reinforced foundation, being limited to a shallow system, you get the opportunity to save on construction.

Half-timbered house projects

Design is the main stage of any construction. High-quality projects of half-timbered houses, developed by competent specialists, are the key to successful construction. In the case of a competent approach to the construction of half-timbered houses, the building will last for decades, while retaining its original characteristics. To be sure that the house will be characterized by a comfortable layout, you need to think about developing an individual project. If you are planning to build a house characterized by a complex non-traditional design, in any case, you cannot do without an individual project.

Even an inexperienced craftsman understands that the construction of half-timbered houses is not the easiest option for building houses in our climate. Due to the fact that half-timbered houses are not similar to one another, and may differ not only in the way of finishing and size, but also in layout, experts do not recommend neglecting the drafting of projects, during the development of which you can determine the number of storeys of buildings, the number of entrances , glazing option and the nuances of the internal layout.

A distinctive feature of the frame structure in the half-timbered style is the storey ledges, the question of the presence or absence of which is decided at the stage of developing a house project. Initially, they were intended to protect the front wall from precipitation. Currently, the arrangement of a half-timbered house “by all the rules” implies the presence of storey protrusions, which contribute to a slight increase usable area. Also in the design phase one-story house in the half-timbered style, the issue of the presence and location of balconies and terraces, which are an integral part of modern half-timbered houses, is solved. The design phase allows you to play with glazing variations, frame colors and structural elements, you get the opportunity to recreate a unique half-timbered house that will be associated with old gingerbread houses from German fairy tales or modern modern villas.

Building a half-timbered house: fundamental points

The simplest option for creating a half-timbered house is its initial construction using the fundamental points of this technology. In order to deal with the construction technology in the future, we will designate the main stages of the construction of a half-timbered house:

• Treatment wooden materials specialized antiseptic compounds, which prevents the development of mold, fungus, and also reduces the absorbency of wood;
• Fachwerkhouse frame installation;
• Filling the frame with sound and heat insulating materials;
• Roof installation;
• Implementation of internal and exterior finish walls;

Important! From the moment the construction of half-timbered houses began, it was believed that they were intended only for regions with a mild climate, but technology does not stand still, and today, in the process of building half-timbered structures, it is supposed to use:

• Sandwich heaters;
• Systems "warm floor";
• Energy saving glazing.

Site preparation for construction

• Before proceeding with construction, it is necessary to prepare the site on which the building will be erected and examine the soil. As the basis of a half-timbered house, you can use any foundation suitable for the construction of wooden houses. This is due to the ease inherent in any wooden frame building, thanks to which. Bearing structures will not create pressure on the foundation.
• If the site chosen for construction is characterized by the presence of heaving soils, it is necessary to build a more reliable foundation that will prevent it from being squeezed out in winter with ground water. The choice of the type of foundation must be carried out, focusing on the characteristics of the soil, which will determine the type of foundation - it will be tape, columnar or pile.

How to mount the frame?

• To ensure the insulation of the structure from moisture, a layer of waterproofing materials is laid on top of the foundation, after which a strapping crown is mounted from a bar with a cross section of 50x200 mm. Before mounting the frame, the timber is treated with antiseptic compounds. After the strapping crown is ready, the lower part of the frame is attached to it. To ensure the reliability and rigidity of the frame structure, use the connection parts various types, such as dovetail, a hidden spike, as well as the use of wooden dowels in the process of fastening parts.
• Half-timbered houses are characterized by the presence of a rigid frame consisting of vertical and horizontal beams, as well as diagonal elements - braces, which are a distinctive feature of the half-timbered structure and give it stability. To make the fasteners invisible, as well as to hide the visible details of the skin, use the connection in the groove and spike.

Important! The most popular material for the construction of half-timbered houses is planed polished glued laminated timber from coniferous wood, pre-treated with specialized protective compounds. Often used to mount the frame metal beams, the use of which makes the structure even more durable.

• The installation of load-bearing racks is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the project, which takes into account the width of window and door openings. The distance between the support posts depends on the width of the window and door openings, but it should not exceed 3-4 meters.
• As a material for installing floor beams, an edged board with a section of 50x200 mm, treated with fire-retardant compounds, is used. The installation of the frame elements hidden by the sheathing and not being visible parts of the fachwerk-style structure is carried out from an edged board with a section of 45x145 mm, also treated with fire-retardant compounds. After the installation of the walls is completed, a truss roof system is made. At the same time, the installation of a half-timbered house structure at this stage is not much different from the installation of a traditional frame structure.

Features of mounting wall sheathing elements: popular materials

The development of modern technologies makes it possible to replace traditional clay, adobe and reeds, previously used to fill the space between the supporting beams, with more modern heat-insulating materials. Currently, modern materials are increasingly being used for these purposes, for example, basalt wool, polyurethane panels or cement-bonded particle board. The same materials are used to decorate a half-timbered house.

Important! Distinctive feature half-timbered construction lies in the fact that horizontal and vertical beams and braces located in the outer plane always remain open.

The final stage of construction is filling the empty space of the frame with the subsequent installation of windows and doors. Recently, large glasses have been increasingly used for these purposes, which ultimately led to the development and popularization of half-timbered glass. The appearance of the half-timbered structure combines classical styles: European and Japanese.

Important! To ensure the preservation of heat in a house where the voids in the frame are filled with glass, experts recommend using specially designed energy-saving double-glazed windows, made of low-emissivity glass, characterized by argon filling. Despite the fact that such a house is filled with natural light, its external fragility is very deceptive.

Another material used for this purpose is cement particle board (CSP) , which is a rectangular sheet, which is made from Portland cement and wood chips. In addition to these components, the DSP includes special chemical components that provide the antiseptic properties of the material. DSP belongs to the materials of low price category, and despite the fact that it is characterized by low bending strength, it perfectly withstands longitudinal loads.

How to decorate a half-timbered house?

Finishing the facade of a half-timbered house is an easier way to create a half-timbered house. To carry out the decoration of a half-timbered house with your own hands, they take as a basis a building made of any material and characterized by any constructive and stylistic variations. The main material for finishing half-timbered facades is polyurethane, from which beams and beams are made, visually indistinguishable from wooden beams even at close range. However, unlike wood, they are resistant to high humidity, temperature changes and the harmful effects of insects. In addition, using polyurethane for the manufacture of beams, you can not worry about the appearance of deformations and cracks. To carry out the installation of polyurethane beams, you will need "liquid nails" glue.

Important! When purchasing an adhesive for mounting polyurethane beams, read the instructions to make sure that it is suitable for outdoor use, as well as resistant to temperature and humidity changes.

An important step in the installation of polyurethane beams is the cutting of parts and the fitting of joints, which will require end and circular saws.

A few words about the design of the half-timbered house

The simplicity of a half-timbered house, which seems at first glance, becomes deceptive upon closer examination, because, attracting the views of others, half-timbered houses create a unique luxury and recreate ancient German motifs in reality. Despite the fact that in the process of building and finishing a half-timbered house, experts adhere to the same principles, the variety of appearance of half-timbered houses is so great that it is difficult to find two identical buildings. Due to the variety of textures and colors, half-timbered houses are considered one of the most unique buildings.

The fundamental principles of the design of half-timbered houses:

• The facade of a half-timbered house can be complemented by any style: it can be classic minimalism, an American ranch, a German version of country style, and even a combination of several national styles;

• The color scheme of the half-timbered house is also characterized by diversity. Basic principle color solution is a contrasting selection of wooden beams that stand out against the main background of the wall. The most popular is the combination of light pastel shades and dark brown beams;
• Despite the fact that the combination of light walls and contrasting dark beams is most often used, the reverse combination is also acceptable and often more advantageous;

• The interior of a half-timbered house must match its exterior. Interior decoration buildings can be designed in the style of German country music, which will allow you to create a complete picture;
• The German version of the country style involves the use of a large amount of wood. Textiles within this stylistic decision requires a careful approach: it is best to lay a rough carpet on the floor, decorate windows thick curtains, and cover the furniture with thick bedspreads, matching the color and texture with the curtains. The highlight of the style will be pre-aged wooden beams.

Half-timbered houses are a kind of symbol of the Middle Ages, which found its second birth in the 20th century. Their architecture invariably amazes with the uniqueness of the image, economy and thoughtfulness of the design scheme. A characteristic feature of the facades is not hidden behind the cladding, but, on the contrary, a wooden frame exposed for display. Such ancient streets are very romantic, and modern buildings are a reflection of the elite lifestyle, the desire for freedom and originality.

The current trend in luxury housing today is a combination openwork wooden elements And large glazed surfaces:

History of half-timbered construction

Thousands of years ago, ancient architects noticed that the most efficient and economical use of wood is to use it not for building solid walls, but for building spatial framework of vertical, horizontal and inclined elements, which will serve as a support for the roof. Such a scheme has gained particular popularity in areas characterized by a shortage of wood. It was known in antiquity to the Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, Chinese. In particular, most of the population of Pakistan and India currently lives in such houses.

Interesting! The oldest timber-frame building that has survived to this day is a temple in Japan, built from cedar over 1,300 years ago.

Fachwerk in European countries

The improvement of carpentry skills, the accumulation of building experience, the desire for cheap housing led in the 15th century to the emergence of half-timbered building construction technology in Germany. Such houses have become widespread throughout Europe, in particular in its northern regions, from Poland to Brittany. The name of the structural scheme fully reflects its essence and comes from the German "Fach" (panel) and "Werk" (structure).

Medieval buildings on Römberg square in Frankfurt am Main, Germany:

In Europe in the Middle Ages, structures were made of solid wood, and free space the planes of the walls were filled with a mixture of clay with straw, branches and other debris. The combination of uprights, beams and braces, left in their original form, and plastered surfaces gave a special originality to the narrow facades. Wealthy citizens could afford to use expensive carved wooden panels. At the moment, such houses have been preserved, whose age exceeds 500 years.

Since 1995, the historical part of the German city of Quedlinburg, where more than 1300 objects of colorful architecture have been preserved, has been protected by UNESCO:

Interesting! A characteristic feature of old buildings is the overhang of the upper floors over the lower ones. This is due to the abundance of precipitation and strong winds in Germany, as well as the narrowness of the streets at the birth of half-timbered houses. As a result, the upper floors protect the lower tiers from getting wet, which prolongs the life of the buildings.

The revival of the half-timbered popularity

Traditional fachwerk designs made of modern materials look no less impressive than the medieval ones.

The era of mass individual construction in the 1970s gave a new birth to technology, but in a rethought, futuristic form, in which the famous German Bauhaus school played a significant role. Instead of wood at this time, architects began to use reinforced concrete and steel. Large glass planes, which replaced blank walls, gained popularity. The invention of laminated timber a few decades later made it possible to re-implement the ancient construction technology. This material is more durable and perfect compared to traditional timber. At the moment, such renovated houses are very prestigious and popular in Sweden, Switzerland, Germany and many other countries, and the USA and Canada are no exception.

Thanks to the development of technology and changing architectural tastes, the style has now acquired new variations:

• frame without diagonal elements;
• large panoramic windows , providing excellent lighting and having good thermal insulation qualities;
• half-timbered imitation, performed using overhead wooden elements mounted on pre-plastered walls - this option is purely decorative.

Advice! Panoramic glazing cottage owners recommend arranging on the facades facing the courtyard and garden, or in case of a significant depth of the building relative to the street - this way you get a magnificent view outside the window, a feeling of unity with nature and good lighting. Otherwise, there may be some discomfort caused by the need to constantly keep the curtains down to protect yourself from prying eyes.

The Kager house has a beautiful view of the surroundings with its display windows.

Features of the structural scheme of the house

The main characteristic of half-timbered houses is the performance of load-bearing functions by the frame, while the walls serve exclusively to enclose the premises. The use of frame-frame technology allows you to simultaneously save building materials and reduce the weight of the building, which makes it possible to build lightweight, ensure the stability and rigidity of the structure, and minimize construction time.

Frame construction

The load-bearing elements of the walls and roof are made of, mainly pine. Racks and horizontal runs form the frame of the walls. Diagonal braces provide frame rigidity and seismic resistance of the structure. The beam of the lower trim is attached to the foundation, covered with a layer of waterproofing, by means of anchor bolts. The floor is insulated with expanded polystyrene.

Internal partitions have a frame structure and are made of timber, fixed to the bearing elements with the help of frame dowels and filled with soundproofing material.

The installation of load-bearing parts is traditionally carried out by means of fairly complex and precise connections - cuts, dovetails, countersunk spikes, and the like. At the moment it is allowed to use in especially critical fastenings metal corners, plates, staples. It is desirable to arrange them in places inaccessible to the eye.

Important! All wooden elements must be impregnated with special oils to increase strength and protect against rot and insects. Treatment with flame retardants significantly reduces the flammability of the material.

External cladding

The filling of the frame cells is carried out after the installation of window and door blocks. For this purpose, almost any plate materials are used:

• antiseptic pine wood;
• polymer panels - the most common and budget option;
• cement-bonded particle boards (DSP);
• lining;
• gypsum fiber boards (GVL);
• waterproof plywood.

A variety of finishing options allows you to create both strict and elegant facades, for which the blanks are pre-painted with moisture-resistant compounds or colored cladding is chosen. Then the material is attached to the frame of the structure with the help of screws. Insulate your home with mineral wool from basalt or quartz fiber.

Exterior finishing options:

A popular solution at the moment is stained-glass glazing from heat-saving low-emission double-glazed windows based on argon fillers. They reduce heat loss and therefore heating costs. Most of the glazing is deaf, packages with opening transoms are mounted in separate cells. Windows are inserted directly into the frame with a pre-selected quarter.

Interesting! Since ancient times, the facades of half-timbered houses were decorated with amulets:

• imitation of the letter "S" on the corners - lightning protection;
• rosettes, symbolizing the sun, attract abundance and prosperity;
• creepy masks on the corners ward off evil spirits;
• a symbol resembling "Ж" protects from fire.

Facade decorated with rosettes

Engineering Communication

The wiring of electrical cables and water supply is carried out inside the floor pie. All communications are laid in corrugated hoses. Polyethylene pipelines are used for plumbing. In houses, especially stained-glass windows, practical solution- device of heat-insulated floors. Wiring to sockets, switches, lighting devices is carried out inside the partitions. Often arranged a complex system forced ventilation.

Roof construction and covering

The roof of the house is traditionally trussed with two or four slopes, but there are also modern architectural solutions with a flat roof. A characteristic feature is the absence of an attic and an attic, the presence of wide overhangs that protect the walls from precipitation.

As a roof covering, metal tiles, ondulin, various types can be used. soft roof. The use of natural tiles or slates with significant weight is undesirable - they increase the load on the supporting structures. The concept of stained glass can be extended to part of the roof. Modern technologies offer for this purpose electrochromic translucent fillings that provide automatic shading and high coating strength.

At the moment, the roof can have quite bizarre configurations with the preservation of the traditional overhanging levels and a large overhang.

Features of interior design

The most common styles of forming the internal space of the house correspond to its external appearance - these are country, provence, eco-style, Scandinavian, minimalism, which are characterized by an abundance of light, free layouts, some asceticism and light shades. Less often you can find classics or postmodernism. The high-tech interior with its minimalism and abundance of metal looks perfect.

Advice! When decorating a room, you should not consider frame elements solely as a decoration - beams can be used for installation lighting fixtures, hanging shelves and cabinets, implementation of other original ideas.

Structural elements in the interior:

The minimalist interior of the bedroom is formed by dark ceiling beams, contrasting with light shades of decoration:

Ultra-modern high-tech interior, built on the contrast:

Forest view:

Option living room with a panorama of the river:

The tree in the interior sets its style:

Pros and cons of fachwerk technology

The buildings delight the eye with accuracy and airiness, and from a practical point of view, they are characterized by the convenience of the construction process - it is similar to the assembly of the designer and is carried out in short time with minimal labor costs. At the same time, the structures are distinguished by a long service life and durability - the three-hundred-year-old buildings are still preserved in excellent condition.

The advantages of houses include:

• the possibility of designing premises of any size without the construction of internal load-bearing walls;
• aesthetic appeal;
• high construction speed relative to brick, stone and timber houses;
• environmental friendliness;
• lack of shrinkage and ease of construction, allowing the use of lightweight foundations;
• ample opportunities for the implementation of design ideas;
• resistance to deformation and seismic activity;
• the possibility of using panoramic glazing due to the fact that there is practically no shrinkage;
• ease of disguising engineering communications;
• the possibility of overlapping beams of large spans.

The style allows you to implement the most daring architectural ideas, creating spectacular exteriors - light outdoor stairs are perfectly combined on facades with structural elements and a roof of an unusual configuration:

Unfortunately, mankind has not invented the ideal style of construction, but most of the problems have been solved over several centuries of building half-timbered houses. Walls made of adobe significantly lost to brick buildings in their ability to retain heat, but at the moment the situation has changed with the emergence of new innovative heaters.

Attention! Majority thermal insulation materials should be replaced approximately every 25-30 years.

The disadvantages of technology include:

• high construction cost:
• low fire safety, which is typical for all wooden houses;
• the need for regular treatment with special means to protect wood from damage by insects, fungi, mold.

Impressions of people living in half-timbered houses

The cozy country house with stained-glass windows on the ground floor overlooks the lawn and the surrounding forest, which makes it possible to feel unity with nature.

Reviews of cottage owners are varied, but mostly they are positive or neutral. The owners emphasize that it is desirable to build them, especially projects involving panoramic glazing, outside the city. Such houses are distinguished by increased comfort, excellent natural light, sound insulation and heat-saving qualities. But when choosing the option with large glazed planes, even in middle lane In Russia, heating costs are 30% higher than in the operation of ordinary buildings.

The reviews separately emphasize the spaciousness of the rooms and the fact that all communications are hidden in the floor and do not spoil the look of the interior. The versatility of architecture is noted - you can decorate the interior space in any actual modern style. The most popular at the moment is country music, minimalism, hi-tech.

Some who want to become the owner of a half-timbered cottage are scared away by the high cost of its construction. Then people resort to tricks - they build an imitation of the style, which is much cheaper.

The reviews also note such inconveniences of buildings that are inherent in all wooden houses. This is the need for strict adherence fire safety and regular treatment of structures to protect against mold and insects.

Project options

Buildings can be erected ready drawings or individual projects. The main difficulty in their development is the required maximum detail of all structural elements. For example, if 1000 of them are needed for their construction, then each of them must be separately calculated and drawn. The same applies to all nodes, connections, and so on.

The project of the house "Davinci-haus" with an area of ​​579 m 2 on the slope and on the river bank from the company Leadwood House LLC is original and harmoniously fits into the surrounding landscape:

Building interior:

The interior of the pool overlooking the river:

Lower tier layout with pool, bar and gym:

The second tier with a spacious living room:

Upper tier:

"Copenhagen" with an area of ​​381 m2 with panoramic glazing from the company "freeDomHaus" in the village of Liikola Club, located in the Leningrad region:

Plan of the 1st floor with an office and a SPA area:

Plan of the 2nd floor with 4 bedrooms and a spacious dressing room:
Project "Accord 162" with an area of ​​241 m 2, developed by the Finnish company "Lumi Polar":

1st level with two terraces, a veranda and a flowing space of the common area:

2nd level with second living room light and internal balcony:

A mansion with an area of ​​224 m 2 with a partial panoramic filling of the planes with double-glazed windows from the ASPDOM studio:

Level 1 Plan:

Four-Bedroom Attic Floor Plan:

The project of the Good Wood company with an area of ​​184 m 2

Layout of the 1st floor:

layout attic floor:

A variant of an unusual cottage with an area of ​​244 m 2 with a flat roof from the Fachwerk studio:

Living room - wooden beams create comfort in the room:

Plan of the 1st floor with spacious terraces and free connection of zones:

Plan of the 2nd floor with the second light of the living room and gallery:

The Euro-House project with an area of ​​259.47 m 2 is the development of the Drevgrad studio. Dark wood and panoramic glazing harmoniously fit into the forest landscape:

Layout of the 1st floor with a garage, two terraces, a common area and an office:

Layout of the 2nd floor with two bedrooms and a second light above the living room:

One-storey cottage from the company "Modern wooden houses» - painted in White color wood is combined with large glass planes:

Plan of a cottage with a free flow of the common area, 4 bedrooms and a sauna:

Mansion "Hannover" with an area of ​​234 m2 from the company "INTEK" with a roof of cement-sand tiles:

1st floor plan with common area, garage and guest room:

3 bedroom attic floor plan:

The project of a cottage with an area of ​​118 m 2 with walls filled with ceramic blocks and a tiled roof from the Z500 company:

1st level with common areas, office and terrace:

Attic level with 3 bedrooms:

Modern half-timbered houses

Historically, such houses in different countries differed depending on the current during construction architectural style and national traits. Currently, the most elite option is the presence of panoramic glazing that fills the frame. A comfortable microclimate in the premises is created through the use of modern technical equipment of the dwelling. Traditional bricks can also be used to fill the walls, concrete blocks, sandwich panels.

Fachwerk architecture - non-standard approach:

The originality of "village romance" in a modern version:

Cottage-castle from a childhood fairy tale:

Terraced half-timbered structure - the best solution for the southern regions:

Examples of German half-timbered houses

There are close to 2 million buildings in modern Germany of this type. There are several styles of German buildings, but their general trend is the desire for the original decor of the facades.

Modern application of structures for the bridge in Berlin:

Another interpretation of half-timbered architecture in high-rise architecture in Germany:

Option to preserve historical buildings in Kramerburg:

Half-timbered buildings with stained-glass windows

Glazing can reach 60% of the external wall area, which today is a sign of luxury construction. Such a decision "blurs" the boundaries of the house, contributing to the unity of man and the surrounding landscape.

Panoramic glazing in the modern variation of the house is, first of all, the possibility of merging the interior and the surrounding landscape, an opportunity for a person to feel oneself with the world, without delimiting oneself with it:

For example, while in the house, stay on the shore:

In the forest, too, not bad, despite the cardinal modern approach to architecture:

Notice! Outside, the landscape can also be reflected, but your personal life remains hidden from prying eyes:
And this is an office - a half-timbered structure filled with innovative double-glazed windows:

One-story half-timbered houses

This is the most affordable version of this type of cottage, despite the use of modern materials and technologies. The height of one floor, without an attic, provides an extremely light construction, which saves on the construction of the foundation and the entire building. The area of ​​such houses, not exceeding 100 m 2, makes it easy to place them in small areas and provide comfortable living conditions for a family of 3 people.

Cottage "Kova Fahverk" designed in a traditional style with the addition of a spacious terrace and big windows on the facade, illuminating the living room:

A compact house with an unusual shape with sun protection details is ideal for privacy:

The cottage with an area of ​​122 m 2 provides comfortable conditions for a family:

An unusual implementation of technology from a "wild" log:

Price and turnkey construction time

Due to the specifics of design solutions, the cost of designing and erecting a half-timbered building is significantly higher than that of a conventional one. frame house. The final amount depends on the complexity of the architectural, structural, engineering parts of the project, the materials used. The construction of the supporting frame of the house costs an average of about $ 300. The rest of the funds - filling wall structures, erecting partitions, roofing, finishing work, laying engineering communications.

Important! Construction price square meter cottage "turnkey" domestic production is about 500-1000 dollars, imported - 1400-2000 dollars.

The choice of a project depends only on your needs, taste preferences and financial capabilities:

The full construction period, which can be carried out at any time of the year, is from 3 to 6 months. When the project is completely ready, the manufacture of the frame at the factory takes up to 2 weeks, the same amount - its assembly on the site. The rest of the work can be completed in 2 months.

Important points of DIY construction

Fachwerk is one of the most complex frame technologies, so the construction of such a building is best trusted by specialists. Independent construction of a cottage requires serious skills and experience with wooden structures, thorough knowledge of calculating the rigidity of spatial schemes. A negative example exists now near St. Petersburg - a large number of half-timbered buildings were soon destroyed due to a violation of technology, although in Europe they have been standing for centuries.

Not the most technologically difficult option for do-it-yourself construction:

Important! If you have certain building skills, you can still build such a structure on your own - in this case, it is advisable to use a factory-made kit made according to the project, where all the elements are carefully calculated and made in strict accordance with the drawings. As a result installation work reminiscent of the assembly of the designer according to the instructions.

The manufacturer delivers to the construction site finished wooden structures, pre-treated with insect and rot repellents and with grooves for connecting parts. When assembling a house with your own hands, you need to take into account the technological sequence of work:

• the first stage is the construction of the foundation, as a rule, of a lightweight type, up to 0.5 m wide;
• waterproofing device and laying the strapping with fixing the timber with anchors;
• assembling the frame from glued laminated timber exactly according to the schemes provided by the manufacturer;
• construction of internal partitions from a beam of a smaller section with their fastening to the floor with frame dowels;
• installation of roof rafters;
• mounting wall panels so that the frame elements remain outside;
• implementation of thermal insulation;
• laying wiring of engineering communications in the floor and frame;
• when using panoramic glazing - installation of underfloor heating systems;
• roof covering flooring;
• exterior and interior decoration.

Even such, at first glance, a complex project can be realized with your own hands:

The choice of half-timbered style is an excellent option for demonstrating your own originality and at the same time a certain commitment to the classics. It is especially relevant at the present time, when people, thanks to modern technologies, are practically independent of climatic conditions. Today, there are ample opportunities to replace the simple copying of style with the introduction of new extraordinary elements into it.

The process of assembling a half-timbered house

In the video below, the order of assembly of a half-timbered house is simulated in dynamics, which allows you to understand the essence and features of the construction of a building in a few minutes.

Fachwerk is a technology for building houses, in which the capital load of the building is carried by vertical supports - racks made of timber in the walls of the building. Unlike traditional frame walls, the space between the supports is occupied by a dense heavy material - brick, wood, concrete, adobe, clay. At the same time, the bearing racks made of timber are not masked in the wall, but remain visible, creating characteristic appearance buildings, a special "European" flavor.

Half-timbered buildings have proven their durability. The first peak of their popularity came in the Middle Ages. Built several centuries ago, these buildings still perform their functions. Today, technology is experiencing the peak of fashion for the second time. Opportunities design and reliability of houses provide them with popularity among customers of frame construction.

History of occurrence

The history of half-timbered buildings began in the 11th century. Fachwerk became widespread in the 14th and 15th centuries in the northern coastal regions, where timber was available and shipbuilding was developed. The ability to carpentry and build ships allowed the craftsmen to easily build strong wooden frames for future buildings.

German style.

In the 15th century, half-timbered buildings spread throughout Europe - the northern countries, Holland, England, France, Switzerland. The following factors served as the reason for the popularization:

1. The buildings made it possible to save expensive wood, use it only for the construction of the frame, and not the entire wall array.
2. The level of carpentry skill increased, which ensured the reliability of the frames and the strength of future walls.

The peak of the popularity of technology falls on the period - from the 15th to the 18th century. During this period, hundreds of thousands of buildings were built in Europe. Half-timbered houses in Germany were called Fachwerk, which in Russian means “wall of cells” (Fach is a section, cell, panel, “Werk” is a structure).

Modern style.

In England, wooden-framed buildings were called “half-timber”, and in France the technology was called “columbage”. In one of modern options fachwerk received another name - Post & Beam or the technology of racks and beams. Its main feature is the use of hand-cut logs.

On a note

According to the conclusions of psychologists, an open demonstration of the supporting frame in the walls instills a sense of confidence in a person.

Fachwerk buildings with a frame visible from the outside have become the hallmark of northern Europe. Today, the technology is experiencing a second wave of popularity. With some modifications, it spreads beyond Western Europe, to Canada, America and Russia.

Fachwerk and frame technology

At its core, half-timbered houses are a frame structure with wooden frame from load-bearing racks and floor beams that hold the main load of the walls and roof. Unlike traditional modern frame houses, the gaps between the beams are filled not with synthetic insulation, but wall material- brick, stone, concrete, clay, which can be found at the link. The wall filling material "half-timbered" and "framework" determines the differences in construction technology and in the characteristics of finished buildings.

comparison factors.	Fachwerk.	Frame.
Service life of the building.	Long service life - several hundred years. This is confirmed by hundreds of houses built in the 15th-16th centuries in Europe.	- several decades.
Energy efficiency.	Average.	High.
Construction speed.	Average.	Minimum terms - the building can be erected in a few months.
The lightness of the walls and the cost of the foundation.	The walls are heavy, a strong deep foundation or a columnar base is required.	The walls are light, you can get by with a small foundation of shallow depth.
Construction cost.	The price of a half-timbered house is minimal, the walls are based on the cheapest building material - clay.	Medium - requires the purchase of good insulation and high-quality wall cladding.
Environmental friendliness.	High - built from natural materials.	Low - built from artificial insulation.
Fire safety.	The walls are 80% non-flammable and do not emit smoke. Only wooden supports and roofing can burn out.	All materials are combustible, in the process of burning they emit acrid poisonous smoke.
The complexity of self-construction.	Fachwerk is simpler than frame technology, especially if you use ready-made half-timbered houses.	More difficult to implement, but also available as a ready-made frame building house kit.
The possibility of restoring the walls.	Without removing the roof and disassembling the frame, the wall material can be replaced with another, new one.
Interior design.	Any layout is possible internal walls do not carry capital loads. It is possible to equip large spacious rooms.

Comparative characteristics of half-timbered and frame buildings clearly shows the main differences between the two technologies. The technology of half-timbered houses is a structure made of natural materials, environmentally friendly and durable. Frame construction - a new prefabricated structure, partly from synthetic materials. At the same time, their construction is equally accessible. It is possible to build a half-timbered house with your own hands, as well as from a house kit.

Fachwerk in the forest.

In modern technologies, half-timbered houses are acquiring more and more features of traditional frame buildings. Supports are often masked with panels, the walls themselves are sheathed with insulation for better energy efficiency or replaced with a layer of heat insulator. Which leads to a mixture of styles, the creation of a new construction option using the features of a half-timbered house and a frame house at the same time. This is how it is being done.

Construction of half-timbered houses

The design features of half-timbered houses determine their differences from frame buildings. Here are the projects and prices for half-timbered houses, what elements and features are their features:

1. Each subsequent floor protrudes above the previous one. This is due to the need to protect the wooden beams of the lower floors from getting wet. The ledges of the floors are provided only from the front side. The side walls are deaf and even. This is due to the history of construction. The density of buildings in the Middle Ages was so high that only the facades of buildings remained open. The ends fit snugly against each other, without passages and the ability to build protruding floors or suspended structures.
2. Visible beams in the walls of the building.
3. Inexpensive affordable wall filler - clay, lightweight concrete.

On a note

Today, outdoor frame elements are often decor. They are traditionally used in construction, but do not always carry a semantic load, more often they are a sign of style. Such a structure turns into a traditional frame building.

Sometimes style elements are used as exterior design for brick walls. Bars are attached on top of the brick, which imitate the frame of the structure. At first glance, houses with such decor differ little from how half-timbered houses look in the photo. They have the same appearance, but a different construction technology.

Projects and prices

Projects of half-timbered houses are distinguished by a wide variety of interior design. Since walls and piers do not carry load-bearing loads, their location is subject to design requirements, and not technological necessity.

Building frame.

The design of half-timbered houses often involves large spacious rooms and huge windows. Glazing often takes up most of the exterior walls. The use of glued beams makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of its cross section without compromising strength. Due to the small size load-bearing elements and sufficient glazing area of ​​half-timbered houses, the walls became panoramic. In such buildings is born unique decor, in which the outdoor garden is part of the design of the premises of the house.

The price of a turnkey half-timbered house does not exceed the cost of frame construction. Therefore, elite panoramic walls have become available to the majority. Thanks to the technology of half-timbered houses, exclusive buildings have become the property of the middle class. A real design that transforms half-timbered houses, the video allows you to see all the intricacies of construction.

Fachwerk house technology

Today, the technology of building half-timbered houses is experiencing a second peak in popularity. Based on this technology, one-, two- and three-story houses are being built. At the same time, the technology itself is used in a modified and improved form.

Instead of solid wooden logs, glued and profiled timber is used. They are additionally impregnated with antiseptics and flame retardants - to prevent decay and increase resistance to fire.

Panoramic glazing of the house.

The gaps between the vertical supports are filled with insulation, multi-chamber double-glazed windows are installed. Energy-efficient glazing of half-timbered houses, along with insulation, ensures their heat capacity and reduces energy costs during the heating period.

In order for the outside walls of the house not to be completely transparent, they use surface spraying on the glass - lamination. From the inside and outside, such a house looks like a spacious, fabulous palace.

Step-by-step technology of half-timbered houses

1. Foundation: UWB + its surface waterproofing.
2. Frame:, vertical columns, top trim, rafters. One-story half-timbered house - the rafters are placed on top of the strapping of the first floor. In a two- or three-story building, a second floor piping is constructed, supports are attached, and after that - the second upper piping, rafters. The overhang of the roof is provided for quite large - up to 1.5 m. This protects the walls and the wooden frame from getting wet.
3. Roof: traditional choice for frame houses, light metal profiled sheets, flexible roofing.
4. Filling cells: double glazing, brick, wood concrete blocks(lightweight concrete with wood shavings, chips), foam concrete, clay concrete, multilayer cake with insulation and wall cladding.

Frame Features

The frame of a modern half-timbered house is not only a supporting structure, but also decorative element. It divides the wall into segments and gives the appearance of the building clarity and expressiveness.

Two-story frame house.

The frame of a half-timbered house consists of vertical, horizontal, inclined elements. Vertical supports withstand the main bearing loads. Horizontal - distribute the pressure of vertical load-bearing elements, make it uniform over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls of the house. Inclined - create additional strength, strengthen the structure, make it stable for lateral loads.

Frame elements are connected to each other using metal studs. One of the options for half-timbered construction uses studs along with a notch at the joints - the so-called groove.

This system was called Herrenbald. It differs from the traditional frame in the absence of jibs. The stability of the frame is ensured by an accurate selection of wood at the junctions, as a result of which adjacent elements fit snugly together and are additionally fastened with through metal studs.

Building with a flat roof.

The technology of half-timbered houses does not require time for shrinkage. However, it is necessary to make allowances for the mentality. If the timber is solid and dry, no shrinkage is needed. It is also not needed for glued beams. If the beam is solid and fresh, raw, it is necessary to firmly fasten the frame (on metal studs, nails, with grooves cut at the joints) and hold it for at least several months. Turnkey half-timbered houses can be completed when the frame walls are insulated and finishing work remains.

The frame is laid on an insulated foundation. The perfect combination- insulated Swedish slab or UWB, which simultaneously provides strength, rigidity and insulation of heat loss from the base of the house.

Interior of half-timbered houses

The construction of half-timbered houses ends with the creation of an internal design, which can be anything. Traditional classics, medieval Provence or modern minimalism - any style will have its place in a real European home.

Often used as a modern direction - minimalism, hi-tech, brick style- non-plastered walls. On the territory of Russia, natural wood has retained its popularity.