The cost of gcal of heat and a cube of hot water according to the meter. How to calculate hot water heating
This is stated in clause 60.2 of the Rules approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354.
The tenant does not submit meter readings
If the tenant has not submitted meter readings, the volume of hot (cold) water per month will be:
- average monthly consumption - the first six months of non-submission of data;
- consumption by consumption standards - further (the seventh and following months of non-submission of data).
This is stated in clause 59, paragraph 2 of clause 60 of the Rules, approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354.
Individual meter out of order
If the individual meter of the tenant is out of order, the volume of consumed hot (cold) water is determined as:
- average monthly consumption - the first three months of a meter breakdown;
Calculate the average monthly consumption based on the readings of a particular meter for the last six months. And if the meter has been in operation for less than six months - for the actual period of its operation, but not less than three months.
This procedure is provided for in clauses 59 and 60 of the Rules, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354.
Increasing coefficients for the standards of water consumption in residential premises
Increasing coefficients for the standards of consumption of cold and hot water in living quarters installed in the following dimensions:
The standards, taking into account the increasing coefficients, are applied when the residents have the technical ability to install the meter. In the absence of such an opportunity, it is necessary to apply standards without increasing coefficients. The lack of technical ability to install meters is confirmed by an act in the form approved by order of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia dated December 29, 2011 No. 627.
This procedure is provided for in clauses 59, 60, 60.2 and 81 of the Rules approved by the RF Government Decree of May 6, 2011 No. 354, clause 5.1 of the Appendix to the Rules, approved by the RF Government Decree of May 23, 2006 No. 306.
Distribution of water consumption for general household needs
With a positive difference between the readings of the general house meter and the actual (standard) consumption for individual needs, to determine the amount of utility bills, the difference must be distributed. To do this, calculate the volume of hot (cold) water transferred for general household needs for each specific room.
The calculation of the volume of cold water transferred for general household needs and attributable to the corresponding room depends on the area of the room and on whether the house has a centralized hot water supply and district heating or not. For the calculation procedure, see table.
It is necessary to calculate the volume of hot water transferred for general house needs and falling on the corresponding room based on its area. This conclusion follows from Appendix 2 to the Rules, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354. For the calculation procedure, seetable .
If the volume of hot (cold) water according to the general house meter turned out to be less than that consumed by residents according to the indications of individual meters and consumption according to standards, the distribution must be carried out not in proportion to the occupied areas, but in proportion to the number of residents. That is, it is necessary to distribute only between living quarters.
If the amount for reduction, obtained as a result of the calculation, will be more than what was consumed by this or that subscriber, then reduce only to 0, and do not carry over the balance to past or future periods.
This follows from clause 47 of the Rules approved by the RF Government Decree of May 6, 2011 No. 354.
When distributing the volume of hot (cold) water for general household needs, observe next rule... The volume per room after distribution should not exceed the standard indicators. Volumes above these indicators Management Company(HOA, TSN) must cover at their own expense. This can only be avoided if the tenants voluntarily decide at the general meeting of the house that the excess amounts can be distributed between them.
This is stated in paragraph 44 of the Rules, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354.
An example of calculating the volume of transferred hot (cold) water by meters
The management company "Alpha" is located in the Perm region. One of the apartment buildings has the following characteristics. The house has a general house metering device, centralized hot water supply and centralized heat supply. The total area of all residential premises (apartments) and non-residential premises in the house is 2710.8 sq. m.
In February, the following data from a general house meter were recorded:
- in relation to cold water supply, the volume according to the testimony of the general metering device was 800 cubic meters. m;
- with regard to hot water supply, the volume according to the readings of the general metering device was 400 cubic meters. m.
All rooms have meters. The volume of cold water consumed in all residential and non-residential premises of the house was 760 cubic meters. m. The volume of hot water consumed in all residential and non-residential premises of the house was 320 cubic meters. m.
The volume of water transferred in relation to a 1-room apartment of 42 sq. m with meter readings of 11 cubic meters. m (in relation to cold water supply) and 6 cubic meters. m (in relation to hot water supply) will be:
- 11 cubic meters m - cold water supply for individual use;
- 0.62 cc m ((800 cubic meters - 760 cubic meters) × 42 sq. m: 2710.8 sq. m) - cold water supply for general needs;
- 6 cubic meters m - hot water supply for individual use;
- 1.24 cc m ((400 cubic meters - 320 cubic meters) × 42 sq. m: 2710.8 sq. m) - hot water supply for general needs.
Calculation in the absence of meters
If meters are not installed, the calculation of the amount of hot (cold) water transferred depends on:
- room area;
- the number of persons permanently or temporarily living in the premises;
- water consumption rate per person (taking into account the increasing coefficients, if it is technically possible to install meters);
- consumption standard for general household needs (taking into account the increasing coefficients, if there is a technical possibility to install meters).
Consumption standards are set by regional authorities (clause 5 of the RF Government Decree of May 6, 2011 No. 354).
For more details on the calculation method, see.table .
Situation: how to determine the number of persons permanently or temporarily living in a dwelling when calculating the volume of transferred hot (cold) water? The calculation is made by the management company (HOA, TSN) to determine the payment for utilities. Metering devices in the living area are not installed.
If there is data on the actual number of residents, calculate based on this indicator. In the absence of such information, the number of residents should be set on the basis of a protocol on an administrative offense.
Payment provided utilities is one of the obligations of the consumers of such services (sub. “and” clause 34 of the Rules approved by the RF Government decree of May 6, 2011 No. 354). In this case, consumers include persons using the premises in an apartment building (clause 2 of the Rules approved by the RF Government Decree No. 354 of May 6, 2011). Therefore, the number of persons permanently or temporarily residing in a dwelling can be determined on the basis of registration data. It is equal to the number of citizens registered in the premises.
At the same time, the norms of the Rules, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354, are formulated in such a way that the conclusion follows: the fact of residence does not have to be confirmed by the presence of registration at the place of residence (stay).
A consumer is considered to be a temporary resident of a dwelling if he actually resides in this dwelling for more than 5 days in a row (clause 56 of the Rules approved by the RF Government Decree No. 354 of May 6, 2011). At the same time, he should not be registered (clause 9 of the Rules approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 17, 1995 No. 713).
A person with whom a contract for public services was concluded is obliged to inform the management company (HOA, TSN) about an increase or decrease in the number of citizens living (including temporarily) in the dwelling he occupies, which is not equipped with meters. This obligation must be fulfilled no later than 5 working days from the date of the changes.
If a person does not fulfill the obligation, the management company (HOA, TSN) has the right to establish the number of people living in the premises independently (for example, by interviewing neighbors or visiting the premises). The result of the check must be completed act on establishing the number of residents. Within three days, send such an act to the territorial bodies of the migration service and internal affairs to establish the fact of an administrative offense. On the basis of the protocol on an administrative offense, determine the number of residents.
This follows from sub-clause "h" of clause 34, sub-clause "f (1)" of clause 32, clauses 56 (1) and 58 of the Rules approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354.
Thus, the number of persons living in a dwelling is determined as follows. If there is data from the owner of the apartment on the actual number of residents, calculate based on this indicator. In the absence of such information, the number of residents should be determined on the basis of a protocol on an administrative offense.
An example of calculating the volume of transferred hot (cold) water according to standards
The management of the Alpha company is an apartment building in which there is no general hot and cold water metering device (the meter cannot be installed).
The total area of premises included in the common property in an apartment building is 2,189.8 sq. m. The total area of all residential premises (apartments) and non-residential premises in the house is 2710.8 sq. m. m.
The standards for water consumption for general household needs in accordance with regional legislation are:
- 0.0392 cc m / sq. m - for cold water supply;
- 0.03 cbm m / sq. m - for hot water supply.
The consumption standard for cold water supply per person is 3.832 cubic meters. m, the standard of consumption for hot water supply for 1 person - 2,743 cubic meters. m.
The volume of water transferred in relation to a 1-room apartment of 42 sq. m with the number of living 2 people, in which the meter is not installed, will be:
- 7.664 cc m (2 persons × 3.832 cubic meters / person) - cold water supply for individual use;
- 1.33 cc m (0.0392 cubic meters / sq. m × 2189.8 sq. m × 42 m: 2710.8 sq. m) - cold water supply for general household needs;
- 5,486 cc m (2 persons × 2,743 cubic meters / person) - hot water supply for individual use;
- 1.02 cc m (0.03 cubic meters / sq. m × 2189.8 sq. m × 42 m: 2710.8 sq. m) - hot water supply for general household needs.
How the cost of Gcal of heat and a cube of hot water is calculated according to the meter. In the previous article, we calculated the cost of Gcal of heat for a house that does not have centralized hot water. Now let's try to figure out how correctly calculate the cost of a cube of hot water and charge the payment for hot water according to the heat meter.
Arrangement of hot water supply systems in multi-storey residential buildings.
First, let's determine how your hot water supply system works.
Hot water supply systems are open and closed type... As the name of the hot water system suggests open type it is a method of producing hot water in which you simply draw hot water from the heating system.
An open-type hot water supply system is used mainly in large cities, when heat is obtained from thermal power plants - thermal power plants.
At the CHPP, water is converted into steam, steam turns a turbine, converting the kinetic energy of steam into electricity, condenses again turning into water, and it is this water that is used for heating. Respectively water and heat in water for a CHPP is a by-product, or simply waste.
Theoretically, it is not a pity for her, with the help of additional pumps she is supplied to our houses, and only for this reason hot water withdrawal allowed from such heating systems. By the way, here is one of the answers to you why heat is cheaper in big cities than in small ones. But back to the topic of our article.
How is the cost of a cube of hot water calculated by a heat meter.
Here, for example, it is taken in which the metering is carried out by the KM-5 heat meter, although this scheme for metering heat for heating hot water can be implemented on any of the heat meters produced - the VKT7 heat meter, produced by NPF Teplocom, the heat calculator TSRV ZAO Vzlet, the heat meter SPT 961 ZAO NPF Logika, heat meter ESKO-T CJSC Energy Service Company 3E, heat meter TMK-N NPO Prompribor Kaluga, heat meter MKTS Intelpribor LLC and others.
In this hot water metering scheme, the flow meter (water meter) G3 takes into account the amount of water used for the drawdown , the hot water temperature is taken over the flow line. The cold water temperature is programmable. The amount of heat for calculating the cost of a cube of hot water consumed by a residential building is calculated as follows:
— G3 x t1-tx / 1000 = Q Gcal.
Hereinafter, we neglect the water pressure in the heating and hot water supply system, it does not greatly affect the final result, in heat meters, to reduce the cost of installation and state verification by water pressure usually programmed.
In theory hot water consumption G3 m3 from heat meter must be equal to the total amount of hot water consumed by residents by apartment meters hot water - water meters.
But we very often steal water, covering the water meters with huge magnets, taking water through the purification filters installed before the water meters and in other ways. There were always enough craftsmen in Russia. How to deal with them and about different ways theft of water can be read here.
Further amount of heat received spent on heating hot water Q Gcal, multiply by the cost of 1 Gcal of heat and divide by total water served by residents. We get the cost of a cube of hot water. In the same systems (we are talking about an open-type hot water supply system), there may be a slightly different way of accounting for heat and the amount of hot water consumed by residents of a residential building. Although the very method of calculating the cost of a cube of hot water remains unchanged.
Here, the amount of hot water is calculated as the difference between the flow rate of water in the flow and return pipes of the heating system G1 and G2. In this case, the formula for calculating the cost of a cube of hot water takes on a slightly different form.
(G1- G2) x t3-tx / 1000 = Q Gcal.
We will not criticize manufacturers of heat meters, although it seems to us that the second method is more accurate, since here hot water temperature is measured more accurately... In any case, the HOA or the management company pays with the heat supplier for the total heat consumed.
HOA or management company itself divides heat into heating and hot water and calculates the cost of a cube of hot water. It will only be disturbed here, the one who has consumed less hot water can pay a little more for it - than a wasteful neighbor.
Hello! please help me figure it out. Our HOA changed the Criminal Code. The new Criminal Code charges us a fee for hot water, referring to the methodology from Resolution No. 354 .. The fee for hot water in our receipts is divided into two parts individual consumption and ONE and consists of 2 lines: HOV and heating. There are no problems with the first line in individual consumption .. there is the volume (according to the meter in the apartment) and the tariff ... but heating (i.e. the number of Kcal for heating) they calculate based on the total house water consumption (according to the house meter) and calculate the proportion of my calories based on the volume of HOV in my counter. Calories turns out to be 0.74 (for my 6 cubes) and the fee per line for individual consumption in new receipts has doubled. The previous company calculated it easier, they just took my HOV consumption by the meter and multiplied by the approved standard for heating 1 cube of water 0.0615. and the difference between the general consumption of the house and the amount according to the meters of the tenant was scattered in the part of the ODN in proportion to the area. In the new receipts, the basement with ONE is reset to zero ... that is, as I understand it, new company we all together consider not dividing common house needs and intra-apartment needs .. or am I mistaken?
I revised Resolution 354 .. and did not find there a formula by which hot water supply should be calculated in apartment buildings with centralized water supply (open circuit) .. help me figure it out .. are the actions of the new Criminal Code legal? Thanks!
Hello Natalia!
To begin with, as our President Vladimir Putin likes to say, "let's separate flies from cutlets: flies separately, cutlets separately!"
In our case, "cutlets" we will have a hot water supply (DHW) scheme for your house, and "flies" - what and how the new Criminal Code considers. We will deal with "flies" in the second stage.
To begin with, we will deal with the "cutlets":
Please specify:
At the beginning of the letter you write: "... The payment for hot water supply in our receipts ... consists of 2 lines: HOV and heating ...".
As far as I know and understand the heat and power engineering of housing and communal services, such a division of the payment for hot water supply is applied with a CLOSED heat supply system - in which two pipelines (direct and reverse) heat supply (heating) go from your quarter boiler house (or from a CHP), and the water for hot water supply is heated partly heating water in water heaters (boilers) located in each house (or group of houses).
Is there a DHW boiler in your home?
With regard to payment for DHW with a CLOSED heating system: regulatory and technical documents allow two methods of calculating and paying for DHW, depending on which method is more suitable for the specific conditions of the city, from the settlement system adopted in the city between house management companies, Teploenergo and Vodokanal, or which is more "liked" by the authorities and accountants.
First:
the payment is taken under the item "hot water supply", which includes the amount of payment for heat received from the boiler room and spent in the boiler for heating water plus payment for cold water supplied by Vodokanal and then heated in a boiler and consumed by residents. Then this payment from all residents, received by the house management company, is divided by the accounting department between Teploenergo and Vodokanal according to the rules they know.
Second:
the fee is taken under two articles:
- "hot water supply" is a payment for heat received from the boiler room and spent in the boiler for heating water. As a rule, this money goes directly to Teploenergo without "shrinkage and shrinkage" in the management company;
- “cold water for hot water supply” - payment for water supplied by Vodokanal and then heated in a boiler and consumed by residents. As a rule, this money goes directly to Vodokanal without any "shrinkage" in the management company.
If there is a payment for "cold water for hot water supply", then the payment for "hot water supply" should decrease by the same amount.
However, at the end of the letter you write: "... I did not find in Resolution No. 354 ... the formula according to which hot water supply in MKD houses with centralized hot water supply should be calculated (open scheme)"
OPEN DHW system- this is a system when water for hot water supply is heated in a boiler room (CHP), goes through a separate pipeline and then is distributed to MKD water taps. In this case, the payment for hot water supply is determined in accordance with clauses 1 (for an apartment equipped with an individual meter) and 10, 13 (for an ONE in a house with a common meter) of Appendix 2 "Calculation of the amount of payment for utilities" of Resolution No. 354.
What kind of DHW system in your house - CLOSED or OPEN?
Natalia! Let's move on to the flies.
Unfortunately, according to the figures and reasoning provided by you, without having before your eyes (in your hands) the texts of your letter to the Criminal Code demanding to provide you with written explanations on the problem with calculating the payment for hot water supply and the corresponding answers of the Criminal Code, it is very difficult to give you an intelligible answer.
If you did not write such a letter, demand that the Criminal Code provide you with explanations on the basis of which documents the calculations were made, indicating their names, articles and paragraphs, including calculations according to the forms of the corresponding paragraphs 1, 10, 13 (or others, according to who made the calculations?) Appendix 2 "Calculation of the amount of payment for utilities" of Resolution No. 354.
In your letter, refer to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the "Standard of information disclosure by organizations operating in the management of apartment buildings" (approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 23, 2010 No. 731), as well as to paragraph 31 of the "Rules for the provision of utilities services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings "(approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011):
“… 31. The contractor is obliged:
... e) to carry out DIRECTLY WHEN THE CONSUMER REQUESTS the correctness of the calculation of the amount of utility bills presented to the consumer for payment, debt or overpayment of the consumer for utilities, ... and immediately, based on the results of the inspection, issue the consumer documents containing correctly calculated payments. The documents issued to the consumer at his request must be certified by the signature of the head and the seal of the executor "
The course of our further considerations and actions will depend on your answers.
Good luck with your DHW payment!
answer from Kalnin Yuri
|
Uv. Yuri, hello! Thanks for your reply. There are no boilers in our house. We have an open hot water supply system in the entire Avtozavodsky district. And in many companies, hot water supply is divided into two lines: HOV and heating. (my mother lives in the next quarter of the 9th floor, they have DHW in one line in the MKD .. tariff 109, / 83 r \ m3) answer from Natalia Hello Natalia! I understood this: Avtozavodskaya district - is this a region of Togliatti ?, since from the years you mentioned. Samara and Togliatti The Avtozavodskaya district is only in Togliatti. From pleasant memories about youth, let's move on to business. While delving into your numbers. Something I can not "cut" into the "methodology" of the chairman of the board of your HOA. She's somehow cunning. It would be nice to have before your eyes payment document(invoice-receipt). Request - to apply in letters only generally accepted formulations and abbreviations of technical values used in laws and NTD on housing and communal services. I will also get acquainted with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 8, 2012 No. 1149 mentioned by you, the tariffs of the Tavis heat and power company, the order of the Ministry of the Samara Region No. 418 and other documents of the housing and communal services of Togliatti. I know of such a document: “ Guidelines(МР) on the calculation and collection of payments from the population for housing and communal services "Gosstroy, LLC" Scientific and Consulting Center for Housing and Communal Services "(" NCC Housing and Communal Services ") Moscow 2003, and in it clause 3.3" Heating and hot water supply ". Natalia! Do you think it expedient and convenient to continue the exchange of information and advice on hot water supply (and on other issues of housing and communal services) by email. addresses? If you ask kindly the administration of this site (E-mail [email protected]) send me your email address, I will answer you and you will have my address - it will be more convenient than asking and answering about housing and communal services. And once again I repeat my opinion - if you want to succeed, everyone business conversation with housing and communal services and the authorities, lead to writing(or by email). answer from Kalnin Yuri |
The calculation of hot water supply systems consists in determining the diameters of the supply and circulation pipelines, the selection of water heaters (heat exchangers), generators and heat accumulators (if necessary), the determination of the required pressure at the inlet, the selection of booster and circulation pumps if needed.
The calculation of the hot water supply system consists of the following sections:
The estimated consumption of water and heat is determined and, on the basis of this, the power and size of the water heaters.
The calculation of the supply (distribution) network is carried out in the drawdown mode.
The hot water supply network is calculated in circulation mode; the possibilities of using natural circulation are determined, and, if necessary, the parameters are determined and the selection of circulation pumps is made.
In accordance with the individual assignment for the coursework and diploma design calculation of storage tanks, coolant network can be made.
2.2.1. Determination of the estimated consumption of hot water and heat. Selection of water heaters
To determine the heating surface and further selection of water heaters, hourly consumption of hot water and heat is required, for calculating pipelines - seconds consumption of hot water.
In accordance with clause 3 of SNiP 2.04.01-85, the second and hourly consumption of hot water is determined using the same formulas as for cold water supply.
The maximum second hot water consumption at any calculated section of the network is determined by the formula:
- second hot water consumption by one device, which is determined by:
a separate device - in accordance with the mandatory Appendix 2;
various devices serving the same consumers - according to Appendix 3;
various devices serving various water consumers - according to the formula:
, (2.2)
- hot water consumption per second, l / s, by one water-folding device for each consumer group: taken according to Appendix 3;
N i - the number of water-folding devices for each type of water consumers;
- the likelihood of the operation of devices, determined for each group of water consumers;
a - coefficient determined according to Appendix 4 depending on the total devices N on the network section and the probability of their action P, which is determined by the formulas:
a) with the same water consumers in buildings or structures
,
(2.3)
where 
- the maximum hourly consumption of hot water in 1 liter by one water consumer, is taken according to Appendix 3;
U is the number of hot water consumers in a building or structure;
N is the number of devices served by the hot water supply system;
b) with different groups of water consumers in buildings for various purposes
, (2.4)
and N i - values related to each group of hot water consumers.
The maximum hourly consumption of hot water, m 3 / h, is determined by the formula:
,
(2.5)
- hourly consumption of hot water by one device, which is determined by:
a) with the same consumers - according to Appendix 3;
b) for different consumers - according to the formula
, l / s (2.6)
and 
- values related to each type of hot water consumer;
magnitude 
determined by the formula:
, (2.7)
- coefficient determined according to Appendix 4 depending on the total number of devices N in the hot water supply system and the probability of their action P.
Average hourly consumption of hot water 
, m 3 / h, for the period (day, shift) of the maximum water consumption, including, is determined by the formula:
, (2.8)
- the maximum daily consumption of hot water in 1 liter by one water consumer, is taken according to Appendix 3;
U is the number of hot water consumers.
The amount of heat (heat flow) for the period (day, shift) of maximum water consumption for the needs of hot water supply, taking into account heat loss, is determined by the formulas:
a) within a maximum hour
b) for an average hour
and 
- maximum and average hourly consumption of hot water in m 3 / h, determined by formulas (2.5) and (2.8);
t s - design temperature cold water; in the absence of data in the building, t is assumed to be + 5 ° C;
Q ht - heat losses by the supply and circulation pipelines, kW, which are determined by calculation depending on the lengths of the pipelines, the outer diameters of the pipes, the temperature difference between the hot water and the environment surrounding the pipeline and the heat transfer coefficient through the pipe walls; this takes into account the efficiency of pipe insulation. Depending on these values, heat losses are given in various reference manuals.
When calculating in course projects, the heat loss Q ht by the supply and circulation pipes is allowed to be taken in the amount of 0.2-0.3 of the amount of heat required for preparing hot water.
In this case, formulas (2.9) and (2.10) take the form:
a), kW (2.11)
b), kW (2.12)
A smaller percentage of heat loss is assumed for systems without circulation. Most civil buildings use variable speed sectional water heaters, i.e. with an adjustable heat carrier consumer. Such water heaters do not require heat storage tanks and are calculated for the maximum hourly heat flow. 
.
The selection of water heaters consists in determining the heating surface of the coils according to the formula:
, m 3 (2.13)
K is the heat transfer coefficient of the water heater, taken according to table 11.2; for high-speed water-to-water water heaters with brass heating tubes, the value of k can be taken in the range of 1200-3000 W / m2, ºС, and a smaller one is taken for devices with a smaller section diameter;
µ - coefficient of reduction of heat transfer through the heat exchange surface due to deposits on the walls (µ = 0.7);
- the calculated temperature difference between the coolant and the heated water; for counterflow high-speed water heaters 
º is determined by the formula:
, ºС (2.14)
Δt b and Δt m - larger and smaller temperature difference between the coolant and the heated water at the ends of the water heater.
The parameters of the coolant in the winter billing period, when the heating networks of buildings are operating, are taken in the supply pipeline 110-130 ºС and in the return pipe -70, the parameters of the heated water during this period are t c = 5ºC and t c = 60 ... 70 ºC. V summer period the heating network works only for preparing hot water; parameters of the heat carrier during this period in the supply pipeline 70… 80 ºC and in the return one 30… 40 ºC, parameters of heated water and t c = 10… 20 ºC and and t c = 60… 70 ºC.
When calculating the heating surface of a water heater, it may happen that the summer period will be decisive, when the temperature of the coolant is lower.
For DHW cylinders, the calculation for the temperature difference is determined by the formula:
, ºC (2.15)
t n and t to - the initial and final temperature of the coolant;
t h and t c - temperature of hot and cold water.
However, DHW cylinders are used for industrial buildings. They take up a lot of space, in these cases they can be installed outdoors.
The heat transfer coefficient for such water heaters, according to table 11.2, is 348 W / m2 ºC.
The required number of standard sections of water heaters is determined:
, pcs (2.16)
F is the calculated heating surface of the water heater, m 2;
f - heating surface of one section of the water heater, taken according to Appendix 8.
The head loss in a high-speed water heater can be determined by the formula:
, m (2.17)
n is the coefficient that takes into account the overgrowth of the tubes, is taken according to experimental data: if they are absent, with one cleaning of the water heater per year, n = 4;
m - coefficient of hydraulic resistance of one section of the water heater: with a section length of 4 m m = 0.75, with a section length of 2 m m = 0.4;
n in - the number of sections of the water heater;
v is the speed of movement of the heated water in the pipes of the water heater without taking into account their overgrowth.
, m / s (2.18)
q h - maximum second water flow through the water heater, m / s;
W total - total area the free cross-section of the water heater tubes is determined by the number of tubes, taken in accordance with Appendix 8 and the diameter of the tubes, taken as 14 mm.
The examples of calculating the cost of hot water and heat energy given by REC employees, although they are largely arbitrary, nevertheless show that the presence of a metering device allows you to pay according to actual consumption. Calculation according to standards is almost always an overpayment.
It should be noted that hot water supply can be centralized and non-centralized.
Non-centralized water supply is the preparation of hot water in indoor autonomous systems engineering support. For example, when a boiler is installed in a private house or instantaneous water heater.
Only centralized hot water supply is subject to regulation (tariff setting). In this regard, a distinction is made between open and closed hot water supply circuits.
Open circuit
With an open (centralized) heat supply scheme, hot water is taken for the needs of hot water supply directly from the heating network.
In accordance with current legislation, a two-component tariff is set for hot water in an open system, which consists of a component for the heating medium and a component for thermal energy.
The component for thermal energy is set by the regulator in the form of a one-rate or two-rate component equal to the one-rate or two-rate heat energy tariff, respectively.
The component for the heat carrier (and for utilities it is, as a rule, water that has undergone additional preparation at the boiler house) is installed as a one-part component and is taken equal to the tariff for the heat carrier.
An example of calculating the payment for hot water in the presence of an in-house metering device
Calculation data:
consumption volume 5 cubic meters.
The payment for hot water supply provided in the indicated apartment will be: 5.0 * 89.38 = 446.90 rubles.
Calculation of the amount of payment for hot water supply in an open heating system provided in a residential building in the absence of an in-house metering device(if it is technically possible to establish it) is determined based on the consumption rate, the number of people living in the dwelling (registered) and the hot water tariff.
An example of calculating a payment for hot water in the absence of an in-house metering device
Apartment house is located in the city of Omsk, the supplier of heat energy is JSC Omsk RTS through the networks of the small enterprise in Omsk, Thermal Company.
Calculation data:
consumption standard in the amount specified in Appendix No. 1 of the order of the REC of the Omsk Region dated 09/11/2014 No. 118/46 for 5-storey buildings, 3.4 cubic meters. m / sq. m (in the absence of the technical feasibility of installing an individual metering of hot water).
two-component tariff for hot water, approved by order of the REC of the Omsk region dated December 19, 2016 No. 597/71, from January 1, 2017 in next size:
Conversion to one-component according to the following formula:
17.82 + 1422.60 * 0.0503 = 89.38 rubles / cubic meter m;
where 0.0503 Gcal / cu. m is the standard amount of thermal energy for the preparation of one cubic meter of hot water.
Number of residents - 3 people.
The payment for hot water supply provided in the apartment will be: 3.4 * 89.38 * 3 = 911.68 rubles.
Important ! If the apartment does not have a metering device if it is technically possible to install it, a multiplying coefficient is applied in the calculation, which from January 1, 2017 is 1.5.
The payment in the above apartment, taking into account the increasing coefficient, will be 3.4 * 1.5 * 89.38 * 3 = 1,367.51 rubles.
Currently, in accordance with federal legislation, a phased transition from open system hot water supply closed.
Closed circuit
With a closed (centralized) hot water supply system, hot water from the heating network is used exclusively for heating, and hot water supply is provided through a separate circuit or drinking water in central heating points (TSC).
In accordance with current legislation, tariffs for hot water in closed system hot water supply are set in the form of two-component tariffs, consisting of a component for cold water and a component for thermal energy.
The cold water component is equal to the set cold water tariff, the heat component is equal to the set heat tariff.
The amount of payment for utility services for hot water supply is determined in accordance with the Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings approved by the Government Russian Federation dated May 6, 2011 No. 354, according to the formula No. 24.
An example of calculating the payment for hot water in a closed hot water supply system in the presence of an in-house metering device
Calculation data:
the volume of consumption in the apartment is 5 cubic meters.
The payment for the hot water supply service in the first half of 2017 in the indicated apartment will be:
14.63 * 5 + (5 * 0.0503) * 1422.60 = 430.93 rubles.
An example of calculating payment for hot water in a closed hot water supply system in the absence of an in-house metering device
The apartment building is located in the city of Omsk, the supplier of hot water is the MP of the city of Omsk "Thermal Company" from the heat sources of JSC "Omsk RTS".
Calculation data:
consumption standard in accordance with Appendix No. 1 of the order of the REC of the Omsk Region dated 09/11/2014 No. 118/46 for 5-storey buildings - 3.4 cubic meters. m / person
two-component tariff for hot water, approved by order of the REC of the Omsk region dated 20.12.2016 No. 623/72, from January 1, 2017 in the following amount:
The payment for the hot water supply service for 1 person in the first half of 2017 in the specified apartment will be:
14.63 * 3.4 + (3.4 * 0.0503) * 1422.60 = 293.03 rubles.
If the apartment does not have a metering device if it is technically possible to install it, a multiplying coefficient is applied in the calculation, which from January 1, 2017 is 1.5.
The payment for the hot water supply service from 1 person living in the above apartment, taking into account the increasing coefficient, will be 1.5 * 293.03 = 439.55 rubles.
Infographics provided by REC of the Omsk region