Basements can have various purposes, but are most often used as warehouses, as well as boiler rooms or boiler rooms. In production, they contain equipment responsible for regulating the work process, various technical devices. Therefore, it is worth paying special attention to extinguishing fires in basements.

Features of the basement

Extinguishing fires in the basements of buildings is complicated not only by the actual location of communications and support devices in them, but also by some features, which are the area, location, and low traffic. Fire extinguishing in such premises is hampered by several factors, which include:

Most often, partitions in the basement of buildings are made of fireproof materials. Overlappings are located low from the ground level, which makes it difficult to create additional "passages" for evacuation.

The communication of the basement with the rest of the building is carried out, as a rule, by means of an elevator shaft or a landing. The basements have a garbage chute system in common with the rest of the building, they are connected by ventilation. All this leads to smoke on the upper floors in the event of a fire in the basement.

Characteristics of fires

The architectural features of the basements, just like their location, determine the specifics of fires. A fire in a basement is characterized by an even greater increase in ambient temperature than fires on an open surface.

The lack of proper ventilation leads to an increase in the concentration of harmful substances in the air. Any fire leads to air pollution, to its toxicity, however, in conditions of limited space and ventilation, this problem is the most acute.

With the development of a fire, the density of smoke and airy combustion products increases significantly, which leads to the threat of smoke in the entire room. Through the created pressure, the smoke spreads throughout the building even through small cracks and openings, as a result of which there is an additional danger to people.

In addition, the fire may spread to the upper floors, since communication networks, wires and other objects are flammable. If the fire is not immediately localized, it is possible to ignite the entire building.

Tasks of fire brigades

The actions of firefighters in the basement of buildings should be aimed at the speedy localization of the fire and the subsequent elimination of the fire. At the same time, it is important to prevent smoke and collapse of structures.

First of all, firefighters must:

• ensure the safety of citizens in the premises, up to the complete evacuation of the entire building;
• reduce the air temperature in the basement and provide smoke removal;
• locate and extinguish the fire.

Intelligence and communications play an important role in extinguishing fires in basements. Communication is necessary to ensure the coordinated work of the entire calculation, to coordinate actions, and intelligence, in turn, is necessary to ensure the collection of information about the state of the fire, about its stage and features. Based on the data obtained, the fire extinguishing tactics, tools and methods used are selected.

Reconnaissance in case of fires in basements should provide information on the presence or absence of combustible and flammable substances. It turns out the layout of the premises, its approximate area, the presence of other objects, the features of the premises and ceilings.

It is also necessary to determine the possible source of fire and its cause, as well as the features of neighboring rooms and the possibility of creating additional air outlets.

Actions of the fire brigade during extinguishing

Putting out fires in basements begins with reconnaissance. The descent to the basement is made by the stairs with the legs forward, it is permissible to “slide” sideways. It is possible to descend through the window, but it is necessary to use insurance. It is important to find out possible options for the spread of fire in order to quickly eliminate them.

It should also find out the prevalence of smoke, its direction, the danger to people on the floors. Next, partitions, ceilings and communications are checked. Possible options for the spread of fire are being clarified, methods of containment are being determined.

With such fire extinguishing, the place is cordoned off, a checkpoint is created. Medical assistance is provided to the victims, as well as a permanent reserve, which should ensure an uninterrupted fight against the source of ignition and the consequences of the fire.

If the fire period is delayed, a fire fighting headquarters is created, which directs the actions and appoints those responsible for certain processes.

The calculation is divided into two groups. The first is engaged in extinguishing the fire directly in the basement, the second is sent to the first floor to eliminate the spread of fire.

If during fire work a threat to the life and health of those living in a building is detected, then the evacuation of citizens and assistance to them become top priorities. In some cases, it is necessary to calm the panic among the population, to provide psychological assistance to the victims.

Any entrances, window openings on landings and other openings must be fully open in order to ventilate the smoke. In some cases, so-called smoke exhausters are used, that is, devices that provide smoke pumping.

As a rule, sprayers of water and special solutions are used for extinguishing.

Compact models are chosen, since the dimensions of the basements do not allow large-scale equipment to turn around. Foam is used at high temperatures.

Fire prevention

To ensure the safety of basements and minimize fire risks, attention should be paid to the condition of these premises, as well as communications and equipment located in them. First of all, you should check the condition of the wiring and electrical panels, as well as other sources of electric current.

Particular attention should be paid to the creation of light sources in the basement, as well as ensuring normal ventilation. It is worth considering options for evacuation from basements, as well as the isolation of combustible and flammable substances located in them.

It is important to exclude blocking of door and window openings, to ensure normal patency. Attention is also drawn to the condition of the equipment located in the cellars, and to the products or things stored there. It is necessary to exclude the presence of combustible and flammable substances.

Compliance with fire safety standards is the basis for fire prevention. Failure to follow simple rules can lead to catastrophic consequences, up to the destruction of the entire building.

Fire situation.

Many civil buildings consist, as a rule, of basements, floors and attics, the development of fires in which have their own distinctive features.

In buildings of modern construction, all structural elements of basements are made of non-combustible materials. The premises located in the basements have a limited number of doors and window openings. Windows are often protected by metal bars, making them difficult to use during fires. The layout of cellars depends on their purpose, large and complex cellars are divided into sections that can communicate with each other. Inside the sections, partitions of varying degrees of fire resistance can be arranged. In some administrative and public buildings, cellars stand in several tiers. The height of the cellars is only 1.5-2 m.

Basements can communicate with floors and attics through elevator shafts, through ventilation systems and garbage chutes, through openings and hatches in the ceilings through which various engineering communications pass.

Basements in civil buildings can be used to accommodate boiler rooms, warehouses, workshops, utility sheds, heating system units and other needs. Therefore, during fires in basements, burning of various substances and materials occurs.

The situation of fires in the basements of civil buildings is greatly influenced by the fire load, which is up to 50 kg / m 2, and in residential buildings with utility sheds - up to 80-100 kg / m 2.

Depending on the characteristics of the basement, the type and properties of combustible substances and materials, and the location of the fire, the rate of spread of fire may be different. In the initial period of development of the fire occurs intensively, due to the sufficient amount of air in the volume of the premises. In the future, within 10-30 minutes, the flow of fresh air into the combustion zone decreases, the rate of fire spread and the rate of burnout decrease, and the concentration of combustion products in the basement increases. Fires in basements create high temperatures and strong smoke.

The limited number of openings in the cellars causes an insufficient supply of fresh air to the combustion zone, which contributes to the release of a large amount of harmful combustion products. In basements, with incomplete combustion, smoke has an increased density and toxicity.

As the fire develops, the pressure of the combustion products inside the cellars increases. At the same time, smoke through various openings and openings in walls, ceilings, engineering communications, through ventilation channels and garbage chutes, through cracks in structures penetrates to the first and higher floors of buildings.

Heated combustion products from the basement through the openings can quickly penetrate into the stairwells, elevator shafts.

The main tasks of fire departments when extinguishing fires in basements is:

Ensuring the safety of people on the floors of buildings.

Creating conditions for extinguishing a fire by removing smoke and lowering the temperature.

Elimination of fire within the burning premises of the basement.

Fire reconnaissance.

In case of fires in basements, reconnaissance is organized and carried out simultaneously in two directions: in basement rooms, as a rule, by GDZS units - on the first and higher floors. Most fires that start in basements and are quickly discovered are eliminated with one or two barrels. The first RTP to arrive at the fire must immediately call for additional forces, special fire equipment and ambulances, and the main part of the forces and means that arrived at the fire, first of all, should be used to suppress panic and carry out rescue operations.

When conducting reconnaissance in basements, determine:

Basement coverings.

Structural features of the ceiling.

Places of spread of fire on the floors and attic.

The presence of combustible substances and materials.

Possible ways to release smoke and reduce the temperature.

Features of the introduction of fire extinguishing agents and forces and means on extinguishing.

Locations for structures.

Fire reconnaissance in the basement is organized in one or more directions. Reconnaissance groups, when moving into burning premises, take a hose line with them and take measures to reduce smoke in the stairwells and floors above the burning basements of the premises.

During reconnaissance in the basements determine:

The degree of smoke and how to remove smoke.

The presence of danger to people and methods of their evacuation.

Possibility and probable places of transition of fire to the floors and attic.

The presence of ventilation ducts, garbage chute and other communications leading from the basement.

If necessary, places for opening ceilings to remove smoke and reduce temperature.

Places for introducing fire extinguishing agents into the basement.

In the process of extinguishing fires in the basements, reconnaissance is continuously carried out by the RTP and each commander in his area of ​​​​work until the fire is completely extinguished.

Organization and conduct of rescue operations.

It is not uncommon for cases when, by the time the first fire departments arrive at the fire, the stairwells are heavily smoked and people from the windows ask for help. Under these conditions, measures are taken to prevent panic and immediately organize rescue work. For this purpose, the maximum number of search and rescue teams is created from the gas and smoke defenders who arrived at the fire, they notify people about the arrival of help and about their behavior in dangerous areas. These teams primarily open stairwell windows and attic doors to remove smoke and lower elevated temperatures. Then people are evacuated from the upper floors. Closed apartments in smoke zones are opened and carefully checked for the presence of people in them. To determine the location of the victims, a shout is made by citizens located at the site of the fire.

People are evacuated and rescued by:

Marching stairs through the main exits.

Stationary fire escapes.

Emergency exits.

Windows and balconies with the help of ladders, retractable and assault ladders, rescue ropes.

If necessary, people are taken to attics or ceilings of buildings, followed by a transition to neighboring, non-smoky stairs.

To evacuate people from the first floors through the windows, stick ladders are used. From the second and third floors, adults and older children descend the retractable ladders on their own under the supervision of firefighters. From the fourth and higher floors, adults are descended by car ladders, a cascade of assault ladders or assault ladders and retractable ones with mandatory insurance. The injured, sick and young children are carried out by firefighters on ladders, lowered using articulated car lifts and rescue sleeves or on rescue ropes.

Rescue work is considered completed when all premises are cleared of smoke, carefully checked and RTP is convinced that all people in need of help have been rescued.

Actions of divisions on extinguishing fires.

When extinguishing fires in basements, a UTP is organized to extinguish, protect and save people. Fire extinguishing UTP is organized from the side of staircases and entrances to the basement, along the floors or along the facade of buildings where window openings are located.

Extinguishing fires in basements, as a rule, is carried out by departments and units of the GDZS. Therefore, on fires, the RTP organizes checkpoints, security posts, and also creates a reserve of GDZS links to replace those working in areas of high smoke and high temperatures. During fires in basements, special attention is paid to the organization of communication work, which ensures the management of units and departments of gas and smoke defenders and obtaining information from them about the situation at work sites, as well as a clear organization of rescue operations. For communication between links and departments, intercoms and portable radio stations are used, and for the organization of rescue operations, electromegaphones, remote and stationary electrodynamic loudspeakers of communication vehicles are used.

The introduction of forces and means in case of fires in basements is carried out, as a rule, in two directions. The main forces and means are sent to the burning basement for extinguishing, and at the same time, part of the forces and means are introduced to protect the first floor. Doors and window openings are the ways to introduce forces and means for extinguishing. Since the introduction of the first trunks. hose trunk lines are laid to increase the required number of trunks.

Simultaneously with the introduction of funds for extinguishing the fire, they organize and carry out work to remove smoke and reduce the temperature. To remove smoke when extinguishing a fire in basements, smoke exhausters of various capacities are used. They are used to suck smoke from smoky rooms or supply fresh air to basement rooms.

To extinguish fires in basements, compact and sprayed jets of water and wetting solutions are used. The number and types of trunks are determined depending on the situation on fires. For small fires, RS-50 barrels are used, and others, for developed ones - RS-70. The number of trunks is determined based on the density of combustion and the intensity of the supply for extinguishing, which is equal to 0.1 l / m 2 s for basements, and 0.15 l / m 2 s for basements of residential buildings. To reduce the temperature and deposition of smoke in basements, it is advisable to use barrels with nozzles.

If high temperatures and strong smoke have formed in the basements, air-mechanical foam of medium and high expansion is used to extinguish. Foam penetrates well inside the premises, overcomes turns and rises, displaces heated combustion products and quickly localizes or completely eliminates the fire. When filled with foam, the temperature in the burning room quickly drops to 40-60 ° C.

It should be remembered that one GPS-600 can extinguish a fire in a volume of 120 m 3, and one GPS-2000 in a volume of up to 400 m 3, while in the estimated time they will use foam concentrates, respectively, GPS-600 - 216l., And GPS-2000 - 720l.

In preparation for the supply of foam to extinguish fires in basements, the RTP determines:

volume of burning rooms,

the number of fire extinguishers and the places of their input for extinguishing,

the required amount of foaming agent, taking into account the stock,

prepares units and departments of the GZDS,

prepares trunks for inspection and extinguishing fires after filling the basement with foam.

When foam is supplied through door and window openings, tarpaulin lintels are installed in them so that the foam does not create support and does not go outside.

The evacuation of property from the first floors under the places is carried out when it can be freed from the effects of high temperatures, smoke or water, as well as in such cases when it interferes with the action of firefighters and creates an additional load on the floors, as a result of which their collapse may occur.

Compliance with security measures.

To turn off the power in case of fires in the basements, they call the energy service, and to turn off the gas communications, the gas emergency service. At all sites on fire, careful monitoring of the behavior of load-bearing structures is organized. In the event of a threat of their collapse, all personnel must be promptly withdrawn from the danger zones. Filling basements with foam, water vapor must be done only when the RTP is convinced that all people are removed from the filled premises and hazardous areas.

The personnel working in the places of burnouts and collapses above the combustion center must be reliably insured with rescue ropes.

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting

Basements are used most often as a boiler or boiler room, as well as warehouses for storing products or things that are not used very often in everyday life.

Quite often, basements contain production equipment or workshops, which often leads to element fires. Due to the peculiarities of the use of basements, it is necessary to pay special attention to extinguishing fires in the underground floors of the house.

Basement Features

Extinguishing a fire in the underground floor is difficult due to the laid communications and equipment, and is also complicated by the configuration of the room and poor traffic. The following factors also influence:

• Low room height - a typical basement ceiling is 1.5-2 meters, which makes it difficult to move around the room;
• Lack of light as there are few windows and there is not enough natural light;
• Poor ventilation, due to which there is a high content of carbon dioxide during a fire;
• The narrowness of the aisles, which makes evacuation from the premises significantly complicated.

As a rule, basement partitions are made of materials that are resistant to fire. The communication of the basement with the rest of the house is made in the form of a basement or an elevator shaft, or through the arrangement of a landing. All basements have common communications with a residential building, in particular, a single ventilation passage, due to which the upper floors can smoke.

Features of basement fires

A fire in the basement is characterized by a rapid increase in temperature, which does not occur in open space. Poor ventilation provokes the accumulation of harmful substances in the air, which is especially dangerous for human health.

The density of the smoke screen and combustion processes increase the smoke content of the space around the fire; moreover, the fire can spread to other floors through ventilation shafts and other communications. If the fire is not extinguished immediately, the entire building may catch fire.

Priority tasks in case of fire

Features of extinguishing fires in basements are associated with its configuration and temperature and humidity conditions. Eliminating a fire should focus primarily on the rapid localization of the fire and the prevention of smoke in the room.

Firefighters must ensure the safety of people in the building, reduce the temperature in the basement and make smoke removal. After that, open fire is directly eliminated.

One of the most important stages in the elimination of fire is reconnaissance. This will ensure the collection of the necessary information about the state of the fire, its type and features. Based on the results of reconnaissance, a quick tactic is adopted to eliminate the fire using known methods and tools. First of all, intelligence reports data on combustible or flammable substances in the basement, its area and hearth.

Firefighters collect data on ceilings and configurations, classify adjacent rooms and the possibility of arranging an emergency air vent.

The sequence of actions for extinguishing a fire in the basement of the house

Reconnaissance is performed when descending into the basement feet first with the effect of sliding sideways. You can also through the window, but then you need additional safety net. The main thing is to find out the options for the spread of fire, methods for its containment, localization and prompt elimination.

In the event of a fire in the basement, a checkpoint is established by the fire brigades, which provide emergency medical care and the required reserve for fire brigades, which ensure the continuity of the fight against fire.

If the deadline for extinguishing the fire is delayed, then a headquarters is made from the point with the appointment of those responsible for the progress of work.

The entire calculation of firefighters is sent in two groups, one of which directly extinguishes the fire, and the second is sent to neighboring rooms to prevent the fire from moving to other parts of the building. If a threat to life is detected during the extinguishing process, then the emergency evacuation of residents comes to the fore.

It is important to prevent panic among the population and provide first psychological aid.

All entrances and other openings, window and door openings, air vents should be as open as possible to ventilate the smoke. In some cases, separate smoke exhausters are used that pump smoke out of the room. Water sprays and special solutions are also used. At too high temperatures, special foam is used to extinguish the fire.

Fire prevention

It is necessary to prevent the ignition of underground premises. To do this, their condition, laid communications and equipment are regularly checked. It is extremely important to monitor the wiring and shields, and other sources of current. These include sources of artificial lighting.

1.Characteristics of basements and possible situation in case of fire 3 2. Fighting fires in basements 6 2.1. Fire reconnaissance 6 2.2. Organization and conduct of rescue operations 8 References 12

Introduction

Many civil buildings consist, as a rule, of basements, floors and attics, the development and extinguishing of fires in which have their own characteristics. In buildings of modern construction, all structural elements of basements are made of non-combustible materials. The premises located in the basements have a limited number of door and window openings. Windows are often protected by metal bars, making them difficult to use during fires. The layout of cellars depends on their purpose, large and complex cellars are divided into sections that can communicate with each other. Inside the sections, you can arrange partitions of varying degrees of fire resistance.

Conclusion

The first trunks for extinguishing, as a rule, are introduced through stairwells that have access to the attic, as well as through stationary and autostairs through dormer windows. At the same time, trunks are fed to the upper floors for protection. If the roof is made of combustible materials, then the trunks are simultaneously fed to the roof. To extinguish fires in attics, as a rule, manual shut-off trunks RSK-50 and RS-50 (sprayed jets) are used, and in case of developed fires, more powerful trunks RS-70. In the process of extinguishing, they fight smoke and high temperatures by opening and dismantling the roofs, and also open the roofs to introduce trunks for extinguishing and create gaps in the path of fire propagation. When extinguishing attic spaces, it is necessary to use the links of the gas and smoke protection service. It is forbidden for personnel to be on sagging and burnt structures of roofs and ceilings and move along them. It is necessary to fix the hose lines, to insure the personnel when working on the surface with rescue ropes, to strengthen their insurance on the snow-covered and icy roofs of multi-storey buildings, using assault ladders. Overhanging and unstable structures, rafters, chimneys are folded to a safe place or thrown to the ground. These places must be fenced off and warning posts posted near them.

Bibliography

Cheshko I.D. Technical basis of fire investigation. Methodical manual / Reviewers Ph.D. prof. V.R. Malinin, Ph.D., Assoc. S.V. Voronov. - St. Petersburg, 2001. - 254 p. 2. Povzik Ya.S. Tactical tasks for extinguishing fires. Part I. educational allowance. Moscow, VIPSh of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1997, 125 p. 3. Terbenev V.V. Handbook of the head of fire fighting. Tactical capabilities of fire departments 4. Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. Guidelines for extinguishing fires in two-story residential buildings of the fifth degree of fire resistance. Irkutsk - 2009 -18s. Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Irkutsk region. 5. Bezborodko M.D. Fire engineering. Textbook. - M., 2004. - 550s.

In modern buildings, all structural elements of basements are made of non-combustible materials. The planning of basements depends on their purpose. Large and complex cellars are divided into sections that are interconnected. The premises located in the basements have a limited number of door and window openings. In administrative and public buildings, cellars are built from several tiers. The height of basements is often in the range of 1.8-2.2 m. Basements are combined with floors and attics through elevator shafts, with the help of a ventilation system and garbage chutes, through openings and hatches in the ceiling that pass through various engineering communications. In modern buildings, exits from the basements are located directly on the street.

Basements in civil buildings are used to accommodate boiler rooms, warehouses, workshops, household sheds for residents, heating system units and other needs, and recently private shops and workshops have been located in the basements.Therefore, during a fire in the basements, substances and materials of various properties and values ​​\u200b\u200bcan burn.

The development and nature of a fire in the basements of civil buildings is affected by the fuel load, which reaches 50 kg/m2, and in the presence of utility sheds, it can grow up to 80-100 kg/m2.

In the initial period of fire development, combustion occurs and spreads intensively due to a sufficient amount of air in the volume of the premises. Further, during the first 10-30 minutes. the influx of fresh air into the combustion zone decreases, the rate of fire spread and the rate of burnout decrease, and the concentration of combustion products increases. Intense burning is observed only in those places of the basement where favorable conditions are formed for the influx of fresh air. As a result of the development of a fire in the basement, there is a high temperature and strong smoke. In practice, it has been found that the temperature in the basement is about 300 ° C lower than under the conditions of the standard temperature regime adopted for testing building structures.

Heated combustion products, which have a higher pressure than the pressure of the outside air, from the basements through doorways and other openings and openings in building structures, as well as through ventilation systems, garbage chutes and other quickly penetrate into stairwells, elevator shafts and spread to the upper floors of buildings posing a threat to people. In some cases, stairwells smoke so quickly that people do not have time to leave their apartments or workplaces. The staircase of a 5-storey building is filled with smoke during a fire in the basement for 1.5-3 minutes.

During a fire, reconnaissance is organized and carried out simultaneously in two directions: in the basement with the help of GDZS links, as well as on the ground and upper floors.

In most cases, fires in basements are detected in a timely manner and are eliminated with one or two trunks during reconnaissance by GDZS units. However, there are cases when fires in basements appear late, the basements become heavily smoky, the temperature rises, and the combustion products penetrate and fill the stairwells and endanger people's lives.

During reconnaissance, the following is determined: planning of basements, design features of their overlap, threats and places for the spread of fire to floors and attics: the presence and characteristics of substances and materials that are burning; places of more intense burning and ways of spreading fire in the basement; possible means of smoke release and temperature reduction, which fire extinguishing agents should be used for extinguishing and the place of their entry, etc.

During reconnaissance on the floors and stairwells located above the basements, the burning ones determine: the density of their smoke, the means of removing smoke and the ways of evacuating people; the probability and possible places of fire transition from the basement to the floors and attic, the presence of ventilation systems, garbage chutes, cavities in structures; places for opening ceilings to remove smoke and reduce the temperature in basements, burning, as well as to introduce fire extinguishing agents to extinguish fires in basements.

During reconnaissance, control openings of structural elements are carried out in places of heating or smoke exit, and to the places of openings under the pressure of water. In the presence of ventilation ducts, garbage ducts, cavity partitions and ceilings, reconnaissance must be carried out on all floors and attics.

During the extinguishing of fires in the basements, combat areas are arranged to extinguish the protection and rescue of people. They are placed on the side of staircases and entrances to basements or facades of buildings, where window openings leading to the basement are located. A database for protection is arranged on the ground floor, and a database for saving people is arranged from the facades of buildings or on staircases.

The introduction of forces and means during fires in basements is carried out in two directions. The main forces and means are sent to the basement, which is on fire, to extinguish the fire, and at the same time, part of the forces and means are introduced to protect the first, and, if necessary, other (located above) floors and the attic. The main ways of introducing forces and means for extinguishing are door and window openings. If the main exits are located far from the source of the fire and it is difficult to approach it, then holes should be made in the walls and ceilings of the basements above the burning site in order to introduce extinguishing agents.

Simultaneously with the introduction of funds for extinguishing, work is being organized to remove smoke and reduce the temperature. For this purpose, smoke exhausters of various capacities are used. They are used to suck smoke from rooms, smoke, or to supply fresh air to the basement along the paths of the GDZS links. If there are several smoke exhausters, they should be used simultaneously to extract smoke and supply outside air, that is, to ventilate the room.

Smoke exhausters are put into operation only after the completion of rescue activities and the identification of the exact source of the fire, because their work can complicate the situation during a fire and contribute to its development.

To extinguish fires in basements, compact and sprayed jets of water and wetting solutions are used. Sprayed jets are also used to deposit smoke. In case of small fires, trunks RS-50, RSK-50 are used, and during fires that have spread to large areas - more powerful, to fire monitors (with a significant size of the basement).

The number of trunks is determined based on the fire or extinguishing area and the intensity of the fire extinguishing water supply, equal to 0.1 l / (m2C) for the basements of administrative buildings, 0.15 l / (m2C) - for the basements of residential buildings.

If a high temperature and strong smoke have formed in the basement and the GDZS links cannot penetrate into it, in order to start extinguishing, air-mechanical foam of medium and high expansion is used. Foam passes well inside the premises, avoiding turns and rises, displaces heated combustion products and quickly localizes or completely eliminates the fire. During the filling of the burning room with foam, the temperature in it quickly drops to 40-60 ° C. Foam is better to fill the room if it is supplied by the flow of air movement. This fact must be taken into account when a foam attack is organized. In some places in basements, a closed volume can form and combustion products interfere with the movement of foam. In such cases, the boundaries of these zones are determined and structures are opened to remove smoke and eliminate pressure against foam advance.

For the supply of air-mechanical foam of high expansion (expansion from 200-1000), a foam generator unit (CCGT) is used, manufactured on the basis of smoke exhausters PD-7 and PD-30, the productivity of which for an aqueous solution of a foaming agent is 150 l / min, respectively. and 360 l / min. The normative time for extinguishing with high expansion foam is taken equal to 5 minutes, and the stock of foam concentrate is three times. To simplify the calculations, it is assumed that one CCGT based on a PD-7 smoke exhauster is able to localize or extinguish a fire in a room with a volume of up to 300 m3, and a CCGT based on a PD-30 smoke exhauster - up to 700 m3.

In some cases, when the specified extinguishing agents fail, the extinguishing is carried out by filling the basement rooms with water vapor (basements in industrial buildings where there are steam power plants) or inert gas. A good result when extinguishing is the use of aerosol carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide).

Conclusion:basements in civil buildings are used to accommodate boiler rooms, warehouses, workshops, utility sheds for residents, heating system units and other needs, and recently private shops and workshops have been located in the basements. The success of extinguishing fires in basements depends on the clear and coordinated actions of personnel and the quality of reconnaissance in conditions of limited visibility and high temperature.