Normally open and normally closed fire dampers. Fire-retarding and fire dampers
- Annex A (mandatory). Scheme of bench equipment for testing the fire resistance of fire-retarding dampers of ventilation systems of various values Appendix B (mandatory). Scheme of bench equipment for testing the fire resistance of fire dampers to protect technological openings Appendix B (mandatory). Scheme of bench equipment for testing the fire resistance of smoke valves
Norms fire safety NPB 241-97
"Fire dampers ventilation systems. Test Method for Fire Resistance"
(approved by the Chief State Inspector of the Russian Federation for Fire Supervision,
put into effect by order of the GUGPS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of July 31, 1997 N 52)
Fire dampers of ventilation systems. The test method for fire resistance
Introduced for the first time
1 area of use
This standard establishes a test method for the fire resistance of fire dampers:
fire-retardant - for ventilation systems for various purposes;
fire-retardant - to protect technological openings in enclosing building structures;
smoke - for emergency smoke ventilation systems.
These standards are not intended for fire tests:
fire-retardant dampers to protect transport technological openings;
smoke dampers of emergency smoke ventilation systems serving one room.
The establishment of fire resistance limits for fire dampers is carried out in order to determine the possibility of their use in accordance with fire safety requirements regulatory documents (including certification).
GOST 6616-91. Thermoelectric converters GSP. Are common specifications
Table 1
| tau, min | T - T_0, °C | Permissible deviations, % |
| 5 | 266 | +- 15 |
| 10 | 407 | |
| 15 | 457 | +- 10 |
| 20 | 473 | |
| 30 | 479 | |
| 45 | 480 | |
| 60 | 480 |
5.3. The pressure drop across the test piece during the thermal exposure should be 70 +- 5 Pa for fire dampers and 300 +- 6 Pa for smoke dampers. Taking into account the specifics of the functional purpose of the valves indicated values can be changed in accordance with the technical documentation of the customer.
6. Bench equipment and measuring equipment
6.1. The stand for testing valves consists (appendices A , , ) of an oven with a size (internal) of at least 1.2 x 1.1 x 0.7 m with an opening for installing valves, a system for maintaining and regulating overpressure on the sample, connecting lines for docking the test sample with the above system.
The overpressure maintenance and regulation system consists of a fan with piping and control dampers, a measuring section with a flow-measuring diaphragm.
The oven shall be equipped with oil-fired burners in the quantity necessary to provide the required heat input according to 5.1 and 5.2.
Specifications elements of the system for maintaining and regulating excess pressure and connecting lines should be selected taking into account the maximum allowable values of gas flow rates through a closed valve according to 4.2.5 and the pressure drop across the test sample according to 5.3.
6.2. The test stand is equipped with means for measuring temperature, gas flow and pressure.
6.2.1. To measure the temperature, thermoelectric converters (TEC) of the TXA type are used (technical specifications according to GOST 6616), the nominal statistical characteristics and limits of permissible deviations of the TE from which must comply with GOST R 50431 or TEC with individual graduation.
6.2.2. To measure the temperature in the furnace, three TECs with electrode diameters from 1.2 to 3 mm are used. The number and arrangement of TECs relative to the heated surface of the test sample are given in Appendices A , , .
6.2.3. To measure temperatures on the unheated surfaces of the fire damper, its sealing unit in the furnace opening and in the outlet section of the valve (only for valves protecting technological openings), a TEC with an electrode diameter of 0.5 to 0.7 mm is used.
The method of fastening the TEC on the specified surfaces should ensure the accuracy of temperature measurement within + - 5%.
The number of TEPs and their installation locations are indicated in Annexes A and B.
6.2.5. Gas flow rates are measured using standard orifice plates in accordance with Regulations 28-64.
It is allowed to use non-standard diaphragms for measuring the flow of gases if they have calibration characteristics obtained in the prescribed manner.
6.2.6. Registration of temperatures is carried out by instruments with a measurement range from 0 to 1300 ° C, accuracy class not lower than 1.0.
6.2.7. To measure the pressure drop across the flow orifice, differential pressure gauges with an accuracy class of not more than 1.5 are used.
6.2.8. The time is recorded with a stopwatch with a measurement error of not more than 30 s during one hour of the test.
7. Preparation for testing
7.1. The test for fire resistance is subject to two samples of the valve of the same size.
For channels of the same type with different standard sizes, valves are subject to testing, the equivalent diameter of which differs from the maximum by no more than 25%.
Depending on the design features, the number of valves to be tested can be increased.
7.2. Samples of valves supplied for testing shall comply with design documentation. The degree of compliance is established by the input control, at which:
the completeness of each sample is revealed;
the dimensions of the valve are measured, the gaps between the seating surfaces of the body and the shutter of the sample, and other dimensions that determine the nature of the behavior of the valve during its testing;
the compliance of component assemblies with the design ones is determined, the quality of their condition is visually controlled.
Data input control recorded in the test report.
7.3. Before testing, for each sample, the control of the operation of all structural units is carried out.
To check the damper, it is necessary to perform at least 50 damper operation cycles, during which the damper completely closes (fire dampers) or opens (smoke dampers) its flow area.
7.4 To carry out the test, the sample in the closed position is installed on the stand (Appendices A , , ).
The density of the ventilation duct connected to the test sample, in terms of leakage and air suction, must be determined in advance and be no more than 10% of the maximum allowable gas flow rate according to 4.2.5 of these standards.
7.5. Immediately before testing, the air permeability of the sample is determined. In this case, the measured section of the ventilation duct attached to the sample is connected to the suction branch pipe of the fan. By throttling the fan, at least 5 differential pressure values are created on the sample, evenly spaced in the range from 0 to 700 Pa.
The flow measuring device measures the air flow rates corresponding to each value of the pressure drop passing through the leaks of the sample structure. Then, by reversing the thrust, created by connecting the measuring section to the discharge pipe of the fan, the pressure drop across the valve changes in the opposite direction, and the measurement is repeated in a similar sequence. 8.4. During testing, record:
1) the moment of operation of the automatic drive of the sample and its thermal drive (only for fire dampers);
2) the temperature in the furnace and from the unheated side on the outer surfaces of the sample body, the air duct adjacent to it (with a thermally insulated valve body), the body seal assembly in the furnace opening, the gas temperature in the outlet section of the valve (only for fire-retarding dampers protecting technological openings);
3) the moment of onset and characteristic signs of loss of density (destruction, limiting deformations of the seal assembly of the sample body, including the formation of through cracks, burnouts and delamination of the seal, leading to the release of flue gases and the appearance of a flame from the unheated side);
4) the flow rate and temperature of the gas flow passing through the leaks of the sample structure.
Measurements of temperatures, flow rates and pressures at each control point should be carried out with an interval of no more than 2 minutes.
8.5. Tests should be carried out before one or two (if necessary) limit states valve design according to section 4 of this document.
9. Processing and evaluation of test results
9.1. The reduced resistance of the sample to smoke and gas permeability S_kl.pr is determined by averaging the measurement results according to the formula
1 n 2 S = --- Sum(P /G)(ro /po), cl.pr n i=1 cli cli i 20 where P - excess pressure on the sample in the i-th dimension, Pa; kli G - gas flow rate filtering through the leaks of the sample in the i-th kli dimension, kg x s(-1); ro is the density of the gas filtering through the leaks of the sample i in the i-th dimension, kg x m (-3); ro - gas density at a temperature of 20°C, kg x m (-3); 20 n is the number of measurements during the test time.
The reduced resistance of the sample to air penetration is determined by the same formula using the results of measurements in accordance with 7.5 of these standards.
9.2. The fire resistance limit for each sample is determined in hours or minutes at the moment of occurrence of one of the limit states.
9.3. The actual fire resistance limit of the valve is taken as the minimum of the values established in the sample tests.
9.4. In designating the fire rating of a valve, the test results are reduced to the nearest lower value from the series of numbers given in 4.2.1.
10. Test report
1) the name of the organization conducting the tests;
2) name and address of the customer;
3) characteristics of the test object;
4) test method;
5) test procedure;
6) testing equipment;
7) test results;
8) evaluation of test results.
11. Safety
11.2. Persons who are familiar with technical description and operating instructions for the test stand.
11.3. Before testing, it is necessary to check the reliability of the bench equipment connections.
The main regulatory document that establishes the classification and scope of fire dampers of ventilation systems is currently SNiP 41-01-2008 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning". In accordance with this document, for ventilation and smoke protection systems, the following should be provided:
– fire-fighting ok open valves air ducts general ventilation conditioning and air heating in order to prevent the penetration of smoke combustion products into the premises during a fire, as well as in the supply and exhaust systems of premises protected by gas aerosol or powder fire extinguishing installations.
- double-acting fire dampers in the main ventilation systems of premises with gas aerosol or powder fire extinguishing used to remove gases and smoke after a fire.
- smoke dampers for exhaust smoke ventilation.
- normally closed fire dampers in exhaust and supply smoke ventilation systems and systems for removing smoke and gas after a fire from premises protected by gas aerosol or powder fire extinguishing installations.
In accordance with NPB 241-97, the designation of the fire resistance limit of fire dampers includes letters corresponding to the normalized limit states and a number representing the time (min.) to reach one of the normalized limit states, the first in time. Two types of limit states of the valve are taken into account: E - loss of density; I - loss of heat-insulating ability. For example, an entry in the certificate EI 60 means that the fire resistance of the valve is 60 minutes. according to the signs of loss of density and loss of heat-insulating ability, regardless of which of the two signs is achieved earlier.
The loss of heat-insulating capacity I of fire dampers is characterized by an increase in the temperature of the damper body and the body seal assembly in the structure opening from the unheated side to a given maximum allowable value, and the loss of density E is a decrease in the resistance of the damper to smoke and gas permeation to the minimum allowable value or the formation of through cracks in the seal assembly of the damper body or openings through which combustion products or flames penetrate.
The test modes of fire normally open (NO), smoke and fire normally closed (NC) dampers differ from each other, therefore, the entry in the certificate about the possibility of using the valve as a smoke or NC is made on the basis of the test results for the corresponding mode. So, for example, the entry in the certificate “Smoke ventilation valve for buildings and structures KDM-2 with a fire resistance limit: in the NC valve mode -EI 30; in smoke damper mode - EI 90, E 90 "means that the damper can be used as a normally closed fire damper and smoke damper in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 41-01-2008, in which the fire resistance limit specified valves characterized by the letters EI, and as a smoke in accordance with NPB 241-97, where the fire resistance limit of smoke valves is characterized by the letter E.
The field of application of explosion-proof fire dampers is regulated by SNiP 41-01-2008, PUE, GOST R 51330.99, GOST R 51330.13-99, etc. In addition to fire safety certificates, these dampers must have a certificate of compliance with explosion safety requirements.
The company manufactures fire dampers for various functional purposes in accordance with SNiP 41-01-2008:
- fire-fighting normally open BUT.
- smoke
- fire-fighting normally closed NC.
Valves are made of "wall" and "channel" types. Wall dampers KDM-2 (KLAD-2) and KLOP-3 have one connecting flange; they are conveniently installed in openings in walls, partitions, air ducts, suspended ceilings, shaft enclosing structures, etc. KDM-2 (KLAD-2), KLOP-1 (standard and explosion-proof versions), KLOP-2, KLOP-3 and KOM-1 dampers of the "channel" type with rectangular cross section have two flanges for connection to air ducts on one or both sides . "Duct" KLOP-1 round section of the usual design are made with two flanges (flange valves) and with a nipple connection (nipple valves). Type of climatic version of all fire dampers U3 (valve KLOP-1 "marine" version M2) in accordance with GOST 15150-69. The dampers can be installed indoors with ambient temperatures from -30°С to +40°С in the absence of direct exposure to atmospheric precipitation and moisture condensation on the damper. The environment should not contain aggressive vapors and gases in concentrations that destroy metals, paint coatings and electrical insulation.
Fire-fighting normally open (fire-retardant) dampers
, KLOP-2, KLOP-3 and KOM-1 are designed to prevent the spread of fire and combustion products through air ducts, shafts and channels of ventilation and air conditioning systems of buildings and structures for various purposes. In accordance with clause 5.14 of SNiP 21-01-97*, NO fire dampers are filling openings in fire barriers with a rated fire resistance limit (fire walls, partitions and ceilings). These valves are open under normal conditions (without fire), and in case of fire they must be closed, ensuring the continuity of the fire barrier. The value of the fire resistance limit of NO valves is recommended to be selected taking into account the required fire resistance limit of building structures, regulated by SNiP 21-01-97 *, SNiP 41-01-2008 and others normative documents. All types of NO valve actuators, as a rule, have a thermocouple, which is used in electric actuators for duplication automatic actuation valves under the heat of a fire. 
Smoke valves
, KLOP-1, KLOP-2, KLOP-3 and KOM-1 are designed for exhaust smoke ventilation systems. Smoke dampers are normally closed. In the event of a fire, these valves must open to remove smoke from the smoke zone, and in other areas, for example, on other floors of the building, they must remain closed to ensure that regulatory requirements for air leakage into the smoke exhaust duct. Electric actuators without a thermocouple are used to control the smoke damper damper.
Fire dampers normally closed
KDM-2 (KLAD-2), KLOP-1, KLOP-3 are designed for exhaust and supply smoke ventilation systems, as well as for smoke and gas removal systems after a fire in rooms protected by gas, aerosol or powder fire extinguishing installations. Under normal conditions, these valves are closed. In the event of a fire, the NC valves open to ensure smoke removal or air supply to the protected volumes, for example, tambour locks, smoke-free stairwells type H2, elevator shafts, as well as for removing smoke and gases after extinguishing a fire with gas, aerosol or powder installations. The design of NC dampers and damper control methods are similar to smoke dampers, the difference lies in the scope and certification testing modes of these dampers.
GOST R 53301-2013
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FIRE DAMPERS FOR VENTILATION SYSTEMS
Fire test method
Fire dampers of ventilation systems. The test method for the fire resistance
OKS 13.220.50
OKP 48454
526143
526218
Introduction date 2014-09-01
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State budget institution"All-Russian Order" Badge of Honor "Research Institute of Fire Defense" EMERCOM of Russia (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"
3 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated December 9, 2013 N 2208-st
4 INSTEAD OF GOST R 53301-2009
The rules for the application of this standard are set out in GOST R 1.0-2012 (section 8). Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index "National Standards", and the official text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the national authority Russian Federation on standardization on the Internet (gost.ru)
THE AMENDMENT IS MADE, published in IUS N 3, 2015
Amended by database manufacturer
1 area of use
1 area of use
This International Standard specifies a method for testing the fire resistance of the following structures:
- fire-fighting normally open valves of general and emergency ventilation systems, local exhaust systems and air conditioning;
- fire-fighting normally closed valves of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems;
- smoke dampers of exhaust smoke ventilation systems;
- double acting fire dampers;
- smoke hatches (valves) of exhaust smoke ventilation systems with natural induction.
2 Normative references
This standard uses normative references to the following standards:
GOST R 50431-92 Thermocouples. Rated static conversion characteristics
________________
The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. GOST R 8.585-2001 is in force, hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note.
GOST R 12.1.019-2009 Occupational safety standards system. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection
GOST 12.2.003-91 Occupational safety standards system. Production equipment. General safety requirements
GOST 12.3.018-79 System of labor safety standards. Ventilation systems. Aerodynamic test methods
GOST 6616-94 Thermoelectric converters. General specifications
GOST 30247.0-94 Building structures. Test methods for fire resistance. General requirements
GOST 30247.1-94 Building structures. Test methods for fire resistance. Bearing and enclosing structures.
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the effect of reference standards and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current of the year, and according to the issues of the monthly published information index "National Standards" for the current year. If an undated referenced referenced document has been replaced, it is recommended that the current version of that document be used, taking into account any changes made to that version. If the referenced document is replaced by a dated reference, it is recommended that the version of this document with the year of approval (acceptance) indicated above be used. If, after the approval of this International Standard, a change is made to the referenced document to which a dated reference is given, affecting the provision to which the reference is given, then this provision is recommended to be applied without regard to this change. If the referenced document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which there is a link to it shall apply to the extent not affecting this link.
3 Terms and definitions
In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:
3.1 fire damper: Automatically and remotely controlled device for blocking ventilation ducts or openings of enclosing building structures of buildings, having fire resistance limit states, characterized by loss of density and heat-insulating ability:
- normally open (closed in case of fire);
- normally closed (opened in case of fire);
- double action (closed in case of fire and opened after it).
3.2 smoke damper: Normally closed fire damper, having a limit state for fire resistance, characterized only by loss of density, and to be installed directly in the openings of smoke exhaust shafts in protected corridors.
3.3 valve body: A fixed structural element of the damper, installed in the mounting opening of the building envelope or on a branch of the duct.
3.4 valve flap: A movable element of the valve structure, installed in the body and blocking the flow area or part of it.
3.5 valve drive: A mechanism that ensures the transfer of the damper (flaps) in automatic and remote modes to a position corresponding to its functional purpose.
3.6 smoke hatch (valve, lantern or transom): An automatically and remotely controlled device that closes openings in the outer enclosing structures of rooms protected by exhaust smoke ventilation with natural draft induction.
3.7 smoke hatch body (frame or frame): motionless component structure, equipped with seating surfaces and damper suspension elements, mounting and fastening units to the cover or fence of the light or light-aeration lamp of the building (structure).
3.8 smoke hatch damper (lid or flaps): A movable component of the structure attached to the drive and blocking the flow section of the housing or part of it.
3.9 smoke hatch drive: A mechanism that provides automatic and remotely controlled movement of the damper to the position corresponding to the opening of the flow section of the housing, equipped with initiating and power elements, as well as an open position lock.
3.10 TEP: Thermoelectric converter.
4 Criteria for fire resistance
4.1 The fire resistance limit of a fire damper design is determined by the time from the start of heating the test sample to the onset of one of the limit states at a given pressure drop.
4.1.1 Two types of limit states of fire dampers for fire resistance are taken into account:
I - loss of heat-insulating ability;
E - loss of density.
The designation of the fire resistance limit of valves consists of conditional normalized limit states and a number corresponding to the time to reach one of them (the first in time) in minutes, for example:
I 120 - 120 min on the basis of loss of heat-insulating ability;
EI 60 - 60 min in terms of thermal insulation capacity and density loss, whichever of the two is achieved earlier.
When different fire resistance limits for various limit states are normalized (or established) for a structure, their designation consists of two parts separated by a slash, for example:
E 120 / I 60 - the required fire resistance limit on the basis of loss of density is 120 minutes, and on the basis of loss of heat-insulating ability - 60 minutes.
The numerical indicator in the designation of the fire resistance limit must correspond to one of the numbers in the following series: 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180.
4.1.2 The loss of the heat-insulating ability of fire dampers is characterized by an increase in temperature by an average of more than 140 ° C or locally by more than 180 ° C on the unheated surface of the damper damper, as well as on the outer surfaces of its body at a distance of 0.05 m (not less than at four points of the section at the specified distance) and the valve body seal assembly in the opening of the building envelope.
Regardless of the initial temperature of these surfaces, the value of the local temperature should be no more than 220 ° C at any point (including where local heating is expected - joints, corners, heat-conducting inclusions).
4.1.3 The loss of thermal insulation capacity of smoke dampers of exhaust smoke ventilation systems with mechanical draft stimulation and smoke hatches (valves) of exhaust smoke ventilation systems with natural draft stimulation is not regulated.
4.1.4 Density loss is characterized by:
- penetration of combustion products through through cracks or through holes formed in the valve body seal assembly along its outer seating surfaces, leading to ignition of the tampon placed in accordance with 8.1.3 GOST 30247.1;
- penetration of combustion products through the valve body formed in the junction of the damper (flaps) to its body, in the joints of the dampers between themselves, through cracks or through holes, leading to ignition of the tampon placed in accordance with 8.1.3 GOST 30247.1;
- reducing the resistance of the damper design to smoke and gas permeability.
The minimum allowable value of the specific resistance of the damper to smoke and gas permeability, reduced to an ambient temperature of 20 ° C, must be at least
where is the minimum allowable reduced specific resistance of the valve to smoke and gas permeability, m/kg.
In this case, the maximum allowable gas flow rate through a closed valve should not exceed
where and are the maximum allowable gas flow rates through a closed valve, respectively, kg/h and m/h;
- excess pressure on the valve, Pa;
- cross-sectional area of the valve, m.
4.1.5 Loss of density of smoke hatches (valves) of exhaust smoke ventilation systems with natural draft induction is not regulated.
5 Essence of the method and test modes
5.1 The essence of the method is to determine the time after which one of the limiting states of the valve design in terms of fire resistance (according to 4.1.1-4.1.5) occurs under thermal exposure with the simultaneous creation of a pressure drop on the test sample.
5.2 The thermal effect on the structures of fire-fighting normally open, normally closed and double-acting valves is carried out in accordance with the temperature regime in the furnace and the permissible temperature deviations in accordance with the requirements of GOST 30247.0.
5.3 Temperature regime when testing smoke dampers of exhaust smoke ventilation systems with mechanical draft induction and smoke hatches (valves) of exhaust smoke ventilation systems with natural draft induction, it must meet the condition:
where is the temperature in the furnace corresponding to the time, °C;
Temperature in the furnace before the start of thermal exposure, °С;
- time from the start of the test, min.
The change in temperature over time during testing, as well as the permissible deviations of the average measured temperature in the furnace as the arithmetic mean of the temperatures measured using thermoelectric converters at a certain point in time, are given in Table 1.
Table 1 - Temperature conditions during testing
Permissible deviations, % |
||
5.4 The negative pressure drop on the test sample during thermal exposure should be (70 ± 5) Pa for normally open fire dampers and double-acting dampers (when tested according to the schemes presented in Appendix A in Figures A.1, A.2), positive differential pressure for fire-fighting normally closed and smoke dampers - (300 ± 6) Pa (when tested according to the schemes presented in Appendix A in Figures A.1, A.2, A.3).
5.5 For double-acting valves, after the end of the thermal exposure, the specimen should be tested for operability (opening the damper) by applying a control signal to the drive mechanism.
5.6 The essence of the test method for smoke hatches (valves) of exhaust smoke ventilation with natural draft induction is to evaluate the performance and fire performance characteristics of the sample structure under unilateral thermal exposure according to 5.3 in combination with mechanical and wind loads.
The operability of the smoke hatch is characterized by the failure-free operation and the resistance of the structure to destruction during testing.
5.7 The failure-free operation of the smoke hatch design is determined by the unconditional reproduction of the operating cycle of the controlled movement of its damper (s) to the open position.
5.7.1 Resistance to destruction of the structure of the smoke hatch is characterized by the absence of damage, in which:
the drive latch does not ensure the preservation of the open position of the smoke hatch cover;
the passage section of the smoke hatch body is reduced by more than 10% of the area from the original;
possible internal loss of fragments of the structure of the smoke hatch.
5.8 Fire-technical characteristics smoke hatch designs are determined by response inertia and (if necessary) flow rate.
5.8.1 The inertia of the operation of the smoke hatch design is characterized by the time interval from the start of the drive to the moment of controlled movement of its damper to the open position and should not exceed 90 s. The open position of the sample shutter is its fixation in the position specified by the manufacturer (according to the technical documentation) at an angle of at least 90° with respect to the plane corresponding to the initial (closed) position of the shutter.
5.8.2 The flow rate of a smoke hatch is determined by the efficiency of using the area of the passage section of its design.
5.8.3 The external mechanical load on the structure of a horizontal smoke hatch (valve) in the process of thermal exposure should be equivalent to normative value snow load, established according to the coatings of buildings.
________________
(Amendment. IUS N 3-2015).
5.8.4 The wind load on the structure of the smoke hatch (valve) in the process of thermal exposure must correspond to the standard wind speed value established for the cold period of the year.
5.9 Taking into account the specifics of the functional purpose of the designs of fire dampers and smoke hatches (valves), the values \u200b\u200bspecified in 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.8.3 and 5.8.4, temperature conditions, pressure drops, mechanical and wind loads can be changed in accordance with the technical customer documentation.
6 Bench equipment and measuring equipment
6.1 The stand for testing valves is shown in Figures A.1, A.2, A.3, A.4 (Appendix A) and consists of a furnace with internal dimensions of at least (1.2x1.1x0.7) m, with an opening to install valves, a system for maintaining and regulating excess pressure on the sample and connecting lines for docking the test sample with the specified system.
The overpressure maintenance and regulation system consists of a fan with piping and control dampers, a measuring section with a flow-measuring diaphragm.
The furnace must be equipped with nozzles that provide the required thermal conditions according to 5.2, 5.3.
The technical characteristics of the elements of the overpressure maintenance and regulation system and the connecting lines should be selected taking into account the maximum allowable gas flow rates through a closed valve according to 4.1.3 and the pressure drop across the test sample according to 5.4.
6.2 The test bench is equipped with means for measuring temperature, time intervals, gas flow and pressure.
6.2.1 To measure the temperature, a TXA type TEC is used (technical specifications in accordance with GOST 6616), nominal statistical characteristics and limits of permissible deviations of the thermoelectromotive force, which must comply with GOST R 50431 or a TEC with individual calibration.
6.2.2 To measure the temperature in the furnace, three TECs with electrode diameters from 1, 2 to 3 mm are used. The number and arrangement of TECs relative to the heated surface of the test sample are shown in Figures A.1, A.2, A.3, A.4 (Appendix A).
6.2.3 To measure temperatures on unheated surfaces of fire-fighting normally open, normally closed and double-acting dampers, as well as sealing units in the furnace opening, use a thermoelectric probe with an electrode diameter of 0.5 to 0.7 mm.
The method of fastening the TEC on the indicated surfaces must ensure the accuracy of temperature measurement within ±5%.
The number of TECs and their installation locations are shown in Figures A.1, A.2, A.3, A.4 (Appendix A).
6.2.4 To measure the temperature in front of the flow orifice, one TEC is used with an electrode diameter of 0.5 to 0.7 mm.
6.2.5 The flow of gases is measured using standard flow orifices in accordance with.
________________
See section Bibliography. - Database manufacturer's note.
It is allowed to use non-standard diaphragms for measuring the flow of gases if they have calibration characteristics obtained in the prescribed manner.
6.2.6 Registration of temperatures is carried out by instruments with a measurement range from 0 °C to 1300 °C with an accuracy class of at least 1.0.
6.2.7 To measure the pressure drop across the flow orifice, differential pressure gauges of at least 1.5 accuracy class are used.
6.2.8 Time recording is carried out with a stopwatch with a measurement range from 0 to 60 minutes, accuracy class not lower than 2.0.
6.3 The stand for testing smoke hatches (valves) of exhaust smoke ventilation systems with natural draft induction, shown in Figures A.5, A.6 (Appendix A), consists of a furnace, mounting elements and devices for loading the sample.
6.3.1 The oven must have inner dimensions not less than (2.0x2.0x2.0) m and be equipped with a smoke exhaust device with draft control, a fuel supply and combustion system. The design of the furnace cover provides the possibility of installing reinforced concrete liners with openings corresponding to the conditions for testing samples of smoke hatch designs of design dimensions. The temperature regime in the furnace must comply with 5.2.5 GOST 30247.0 and the requirements of 5.3.
6.3.2 Mounting elements ensure compliance with the design conditions for mounting the sample, taking into account the features of its design and spatial orientation.
6.3.3 Devices for loading the sample shall comply with the requirements of 5.6, 5.7. The mechanical load should be set evenly distributed over the design of the damper in the closed position of the specimen. For samples of vertical spatial orientation (installation), mechanical loading is not required. The wind load must be evenly distributed over the damper structure in the open position for samples of horizontal spatial orientation, in the open and closed positions - for samples of vertical orientation. The wind load should be reproduced using an axial fan(s).
6.3.4 Bench equipment is equipped with means for measuring temperature, time intervals, pressure and gas flow.
6.3.5 To measure the gas temperature in the furnace (at the sample inlet), as well as in the area where the drive thermoelement is located, it is recommended to use a thermocouple with an electrode diameter of no more than 0.7 mm. Rated static characteristics and limits of permissible deviations of the thermoelectromotive force of TEC must comply with GOST R 50431 or individual graduations.
At the same time, the number and installation locations of the TEC correspond to the schemes given in the mandatory Appendix A (Figures A.5 and A.6): at the entrance to the sample - along the section A-A, in the area of the drive thermoelement - at a distance of 5 to 10 mm from the center of the thermoelement, behind it downstream.
6.3.6 To register the measured temperatures, instruments with an accuracy class of at least 1.0 are used.
6.3.7 The static pressure receiver shall be tubular with an internal diameter of 4 to 10 mm and shall be installed in section A-A according to mandatory Appendix A (Figures A.5 and A.6). The cut center of the tubular static pressure receiver is located at a distance of not more than 20 mm from the geometric center of the specified section.
6.3.8 To measure the gas flow through the sample, use a combined pressure receiver (CPD) in accordance with GOST 12.3.018 with a receiving part diameter of not more than 8% of the sample passage width. The coordinates of the points of sequential placement of the efficiency in section B-B according to mandatory Appendix A (Figures A.5 and A.6) should be determined according to GOST 12.3.018.
6.3.9 To record the pressure, instruments with an accuracy class of at least 1.0 are used.
6.3.10 Registration of time intervals is carried out with a stopwatch of an accuracy class of at least 2.0.
7 Test preparation
7.1 The fire resistance test is subject to:
two samples of a normally open fire damper of the same size when installed in an opening of a building envelope with a rated fire resistance limit with a possible one-sided thermal effect (test diagrams are shown in Figures A.1, A.4 (Appendix A));
three samples of a normally open fire damper of the same size when installed in an opening of a building envelope with a rated fire resistance limit with a possible two-sided thermal effect (test diagrams are shown in Figures A.1, A.4 (Appendix A));
three samples of a normally open fire damper of the same size when installed in an opening of a building envelope with a rated fire resistance limit or outside it in an air duct section with a rated fire resistance limit (test diagrams are shown in Figures A.1, A.2, A.4 (Appendix A) ));
two samples of a normally closed fire damper of the same size when installed in the opening of the enclosing building structure or outside it in the air duct section with a rated fire resistance limit (test diagrams are shown in Figures A.1, A.2 (Appendix A));
two samples of a double-acting fire damper of the same size when installed in the opening of the enclosing building structure or outside it in the air duct section with a rated fire resistance limit (test diagrams are shown in Figures A.1, A.2 (Appendix A));
one sample of the smoke valve (the test scheme is shown in Figure A.3 (Appendix A)).
Depending on the design features, the number of valves to be tested can be changed.
Note - The number of tested valve samples is not summed up, but is selected according to one of the options, taking into account the purpose and possible way installation.
7.2 Samples of valves supplied for testing must comply with the design documentation. The degree of compliance is determined by the input control, in which:
the completeness of each sample is revealed;
dimensions of the valve are measured, the gaps between the seating surfaces of the body and the shutter (shutters) of the sample, as well as other dimensions that determine the nature of the behavior of the valve during its testing;
Compliance of component units with the design ones is established, the quality of their condition is visually controlled.
Input control data are recorded in the test report.
7.3 Before testing, for each sample, the operation of all components of the structure is monitored.
To check the valve, it is necessary to carry out at least 50 valve operation cycles, during which the damper completely closes (normally open valves) or opens (normally closed, double-acting and smoke valves) its flow area.
7.4 For testing, the sample in the closed position is installed on the stand (mandatory Appendix A, figures A.1, A.2, A.3, A.4).
The density of the ventilation duct connected to the test sample, in terms of leakage and air suction, must be determined in advance and be no more than 10% of the maximum allowable gas flow rate 3.1.3 of these standards.
7.5 Immediately prior to testing, the air permeability of the sample is determined. In this case, the measured section of the ventilation duct attached to it is connected to the suction pipe of the fan. By means of fan throttling, at least five differential pressure values are created on the sample, evenly spaced in the range from 0 to 700 Pa. Samples with a resistance to air penetration not less than specified in 4.1.4 are allowed for fire tests.
The flow measuring device measures the air flow rates corresponding to each value of the pressure drop passing through the leaks of the sample structure. Then reverse thrust, created connection measuring section to the fan outlet, the differential pressure across the valve changes in the opposite direction, and the measurement is repeated in the same sequence.
7.6 The number of samples of smoke hatches (valves) of the same type of design for testing is determined by the size range of their flow sections in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturer.
Test specimens must be provided assembled, with a complete set, including drives and installation structural elements.
7.7 For testing, a sample of the smoke hatch must be installed in the mounting opening of the furnace of the test bench in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturer.
7.8 Immediately prior to testing, the mechanical and wind loads on the specimen shall be reproduced.
8 Test sequence
8.1 Tests are carried out at a temperature environment from 0 °С to 40 °С, unless other conditions are specified in the technical documentation for the valve.
8.2 The pressure drop on the sample is created by connecting the measured section of the air duct to the fan nozzle, depending on the functional purpose of the test sample. The value of the differential pressure is regulated by throttling the fan with the help of dampers.
When testing fire-fighting normally open and double-acting dampers, the measuring section of the ventilation duct of the test bench is connected to the suction branch pipe of the fan, and normally closed (including smoke) dampers - to the discharge branch pipe.
8.3 The start of the test corresponds to the moment when the furnace nozzles are turned on, immediately before which the sample damper must be brought to the closed position.
8.4 During the tests, record:
- temperature in the furnace, and from the unheated side on the outer surfaces of the body and the sample damper, the body seal assembly in the furnace opening and the gas in the outlet section of the valve (only for normally open fire dampers protecting process openings);
- the moment of onset and characteristic signs of loss of density (destruction, limiting deformations of the seal assembly of the sample body, including the formation of through cracks, burnouts and delamination of seals, leading to the release of flue gases and the appearance of a flame from the unheated side);
- flow rate and temperature of the gas flow passing through the leaks of the sample structure.
Measurements of temperatures, flow rates and pressures at each control point should be carried out with an interval of no more than 2 minutes.
8.5 Tests are performed until one or two (if necessary) limit states of the valve design occur in accordance with paragraph 4 of this document.
8.6 Testing of smoke hatches (valves) should be carried out at an ambient temperature of 0 °C to 40 °C, unless other conditions are specified in the technical documentation.
8.7 The start of the test corresponds to the moment when the furnace nozzles are turned on, which must be carried out sequentially in three stages.
8.7.1 At the first stage, the thermal effect on the sample is provided in combination with mechanical and wind loading according to 5.3, 5.8.3 and 5.8.4.
8.7.1.1 The damper of a sample equipped with a local thermocouple may be opened arbitrarily.
8.7.1.2 The control signal to open the shutter of a sample equipped with a remote control cabinet is given 120 s after turning on the furnace nozzles.
8.7.1.3 The end of the first stage of testing corresponds to the moment when the temperature in the furnace reaches (400 ± 15) °C. In this case, its nozzles must be turned off.
8.7.2. At the second stage, a wind load is provided on the sample with an open damper. The duration of this stage should be at least 10 minutes.
8.7.3. At the third stage, when the furnace nozzles are turned on and the wind load is removed, the temperature in the furnace reaches (480 ± 10) °С. The duration of this step should be 10 min with the sample gate open.
8.7.4. In the process of testing, the following main indicators and parameters are monitored and measured:
temperature in the furnace (at the first and third stages);
temperature in the installation area of the sample drive thermoelement, equipped in accordance with 8.7.1.1 (at the first stage);
static pressure in the furnace (at the third stage, optional);
differential pressure on the efficiency factor (at the third stage, optional);
response time interval of the sample (at the first stage);
state of the sample structure (completeness of the shutter opening, maintaining its fixed open position, the presence of partial destruction, leading to internal loss of fragments of the sample structure).
8.7.5 Upon completion of the tests by direct measurements, the actual area of the flow section of the specimen shall be determined.
9 Processing and evaluation of test results
9.1 The reduced specific resistance to smoke and gas permeability of a normally closed fire damper and a smoke damper, based on the measurement results, is determined according to the formula
- gas density at a temperature of 20 °C, kg/m.
9.2 The reduced resistivity to smoke and gas transmission of a normally open fire damper and a double-acting damper is determined by averaging the measurement results according to the formula
where is the valve flow area, m;
Pressure difference on the sample in the th dimension, Pa;
is the flow rate of gases passing through the sample, in the th dimension, kg/s;
is the density of the gas filtering through the leaks of the sample in the th dimension, kg/m;
- gas density at a temperature of 20 °C, kg/m;
9.3 The reduced resistance of samples to air penetration is determined by dependencies (5), (6) using the measurement results in accordance with 7.5 of these standards.
9.4 The fire resistance limit of each sample is set in minutes after the onset of one of the limit states.
9.5 The actual fire resistance limit of the valve is taken as the minimum of the values established during the testing of samples.
The test results are valid for valves of similar design, the hydraulic diameter of which is less than the hydraulic diameter tested (without limitation), or larger than the tested one, while the hydraulic diameter of which satisfies the relationship:
where is the hydraulic diameter of the valve, to which the test results can be extended, mm;
- hydraulic diameter of the tested valve, mm.
The value of the hydraulic diameter is determined by the ratio:
where and are the area and perimeter of the valve, respectively.
Valve test results rectangular section cannot be extended to round valves and vice versa.
(Amendment. IUS N 3-2015).
9.6 In designating the fire rating of a valve, the results of the test result in the nearest lower value from the series of numbers given in 4.1.1.
9.7 Gas flow through the smoke hatch is determined by the ratio:
where is the average velocity of the gas flow, m/s;
Estimated flow area, m;
Initial (design) flow area, m;
- actual flow area, m;
- temperature in the furnace at the th point at the th moment of the test, °С;
- pressure drop across the efficiency at the th point at the th moment of the test, Pa;
- the average value of the flow rate at the th moment of the test, m/s;
- number of measurements during testing.
9.8 The smoke hatch flow rate is determined by the ratio:
Static pressure in the furnace at the th moment of testing, Pa;
- static pressure of the external environment, Pa.
9.9 The test results may be extended to similar design smoke hatches in accordance with 9.5.
9.10 A positive test result is determined by the revealed compliance of the sample with the established requirements for the inertia of its operation and the preservation of functional ability according to 5.6, 5.8. In this case, the actual value of the sample consumption coefficient according to 9.8 is included in the technical documentation for the product.
10 Test report
1) Name of the organization conducting the tests;
2) Name and address of the manufacturer (customer);
3) Characteristics of the test object;
4) Method;
5) procedure;
6) Test equipment and measuring instruments;
7) Results;
8) Evaluation of test results.
11 Safety
11.1 When testing fire dampers and smoke hatches for fire resistance, safety and industrial hygiene requirements must be observed in accordance with GOST 12.1.019 and GOST 12.2.003.
11.2 Persons who are familiar with the technical description and operating instructions of the test bench are allowed to test.
11.3 Before testing, it is necessary to check the reliability of bench equipment connections.
11.4 All moving parts of the test rig should be guarded.
Annex A (mandatory)
1 - oven; 2 - valve; 3 - pneumatic chamber; 4 - dimensional section of the duct; 5 - segment diaphragm; 6 - control damper; 7 - fan piping; 8 - fan; 9 - porthole; 10 - nozzle
14 - TEC with a diameter of 0.50.7 mm, installed on the sealing surfaces of the valve body in the furnace opening; 58 - TEC with a diameter of 0.50.7 mm, installed on the surfaces of the valve body; 9 - TEC with a diameter of 0.50.7 mm, installed near the diaphragm; 1012 - TEC with a diameter of 1.23 mm, installed in the furnace; - pressure drop across the valve; - diaphragm pressure drop
Figure A.1 - Scheme of bench equipment for testing the fire resistance of fire dampers of ventilation systems for various purposes
1 - oven; 2 - valve; 3 - pneumatic chamber; 4 - dimensional section of the duct; 5 - segment diaphragm; 6 - control damper; 7 - fan piping; 8 - fan; 9 - porthole; 10 - nozzle; 11 - connecting element of the air duct
(all dimensions shown in the diagram are in mm)
Figure A.2 - Scheme of bench equipment for testing the fire resistance of fire dampers of ventilation systems for various purposes when installed on the duct section
1 - oven; 2 - valve; 3 - pneumatic chamber; 4 - dimensional section of the duct; 5 - diaphragm: 6 - control damper; 7 - fan piping; 8 - fan; 9 - porthole; 10 - nozzle; 11 - layout of the TEC in the furnace relative to the valve
13 - TEC with a diameter of 1.23 mm, installed in the furnace; 4 - TEC with a diameter of 0.50.7 mm, installed near the diaphragm; - pressure drop across the valve; - diaphragm pressure drop
(all dimensions shown in the diagram are in mm)
Figure A.3 - Scheme of bench equipment for testing the fire resistance of smoke valves
1 - oven; 2 - valve; 3 - porthole; 4 - nozzle
13 - TEC with a diameter of 0.50.7 mm, installed on the flap (leaf) of the valve; 46 - TEC with a diameter of 1.23 mm, installed in the furnace.
When TEP 13 hits the junction of leaflets (blinds) of multi-leaf dampers, the placement points are subject to horizontal displacement by 50-100 mm (for TEP 1, 3 towards the axis of the valve)
(all dimensions shown in the diagram are in mm)
Figure A.4 - Scheme of bench equipment for testing the fire resistance of fire dampers of ventilation systems for various purposes
1 - oven with nozzles; 2 - chimney; 3 - gate; 4 - furnace cover insert; 5 - installation element; 6 - smoke valve body; 7 - smoke hatch damper; 8 - drive thermoelement; - TEP; - place of measurement of static pressure; - combined pressure receiver; - wind speed (air flow); - wind load; - mechanical load
Figure A.5 - Scheme of the stand for testing smoke hatches (valves) with horizontal filling of the opening of the coating
1 - oven with nozzles; 2 - chimney; 3 - gate; 4 - furnace cover insert; 5 - installation element; 6 - smoke valve body; 7 - smoke hatch damper; 8 - drive thermoelement; - TEP; - place of measurement of static pressure; - combined pressure receiver; - wind speed (air flow); - wind load
Figure A.6 - Scheme of the stand for testing smoke hatches (valves) in vertical enclosing structures
Bibliography
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. fire safety requirements |
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Rules 28-64 | Measurement of liquids, gases and vapors with standard orifices and nozzles |
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________________ The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. GOST 8.586.1-2005 - GOST 8.586.4-2005 are valid. - Database manufacturer's note. |
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(Amendment. IUS N 3-2015).
_____________________________________________________________________________________
UDC 614.841 OKS 13.220.50 OKP 48454
526143
526218
Keywords: fire damper, smoke hatch, test method
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Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: Standartinform, 2014
Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"
Modern buildings are not complete without a wide network engineering systems. They are essential for work. a large number electrical appliances. Electrical devices in turn often contribute to the outbreak of fires. Smoke from a fire high speed moves around the building. To prevent poisoning by combustion products, special smoke protection mechanisms are installed, including a fire damper for ventilation.
Purpose
The fire damper is one of the main components of the ventilation system. The element is designed to limit the spread of fire and the results of its combustion through air ducts. The presence of such a device provides an increase in the level of fire safety, excluding the movement of fire in the building.
In addition to the restrictive function, the valve plays the role of an element that reduces the air flow to increase combustion. Modifications of fire fighting devices are also possible, which are used to remove smoke, gas, and combustion products.
Fire damper device
A fire damper can be called a damper involved in the process of closing or opening ventilation channels and shafts. Fire dampers for ventilation systems consist of:
- Frame;
- damper;
- Drive unit.
The body is the bearing part. It is supplied with one or two flanges for fixing the device in the channel. The case is made in various forms:
- Round or rectangular - the shape depends on the configuration of the duct for which the valve is to be installed;
- Contains one or two sections responsible for the fire resistance limit.
The fire damper can have a body made of different materials:
- Black carbon steel;
- Stainless steel;
- Galvanized steel.
In relation to the environmental conditions, the body of the product is selected. Under conditions high humidity it is recommended to choose a stainless steel case.
Inside the housing there is a damper, the rotation of which provides opening. The valve models are equipped with a single flap or a flap consisting of several blades. In the case of several shutters, there is a smaller projection of the damper beyond the boundaries of the body. Many valves move simultaneously.
The activation of the valve can be automatic or manual. Automatic mode of operation provides for a signal from the system fire alarm. Manual control is carried out from the remote control or buttons located on the floors.
The damper positions are changed with the following actuators:
- Electromechanical;
- Electric reversible;
- Electromagnetic;
- Thermal lock.
The use of a thermal lock in Lately prohibited by fire safety regulations.
Varieties
Ventilation fire dampers are divided into varieties:
- Normally closed - characterized by use in systems responsible for the output of combustion results. At the initial stage, the damper is closed to block the access of oxygen to the channels. In the event of a fire, the damper opens and smoke is taken from the room in which the fire begins to spread;
- Normally open - located in classic ventilation systems in the interfloor spaces. The damper is initially open. In the event of a fire, the damper closes the damper, which blocks the channel. As a result, the area of the presence of ignition is excluded;
- Smoke choke - designed for installation in large rooms where a huge number of people are supposed to be placed (corridor, hall, hall). Functions in case of fire, removing gas mixtures;
- Double acting valve - is a combination of open and closed device. At the initial stage, the throttle is closed. When a fire occurs, the damper closes to prevent the spread of fire. When the fire ceases, the product in the open state sucks combustion substances out of the room.
With regard to the attachment zone, the fire damper is divided into two categories:
- Duct - located in the ventilation system and the elevator shaft;
- Wall - installed on outer walls building.
Separated into a separate category gas device used in a room where there is gas access. Its operation is carried out by blocking the gas in automatic mode when a fire occurs. The product is equipped with a sensor that is sensitive to temperature increase. When the temperature rises, the flow of gas to devices such as a boiler, gas stove. The valve element is placed near the instruments and equipment.
Another known cut-off type of valve, the installation of which is carried out at the intersection of air channels of walls or other structures. The product helps to limit the movement of smoke from the main duct to the periphery.
Valves are classified, also, on a climatic basis. Devices are being made that will be used in low temperatures air. They are considered cold hardy. For operation in marine conditions, marine-type valves are manufactured, operated at high humidity.
Selection rules
When choosing a device, you must consider the following indicators:
- The purpose of use is to remove smoke or prevent the spread of fire;
- The degree of fire resistance - characterizes the period of preservation of integrity when exposed to fire;
- Dimensions - is selected according to the existing channel, the speed of air movement;
- The type of drive that is responsible for the operation of the device;
- Resistance - affects the pressure loss in the network;
All characteristics of the device are indicated in the catalogs of the manufacturer. When designing ventilation systems, it is necessary to decide on the choice of valve. After all, the uninterrupted operation of ventilation is ensured by the right choice of component parts.
Installation and application
The installation of fire dampers in the ventilation system is regulated by special regulations. Location zones are selected taking into account the purpose of the device. Normally open valves, which play the role of a fire limiter, are installed in the building envelope or near it. The following arrangements are possible:
- In a wall or other enclosing structure, involving the connection of a ventilation duct to the device;
- At some distance from the fence, ensuring the fire resistance of the ventilation duct section from the valve to the wall;
- In a building structure for the movement of air between adjacent rooms, excluding interaction with air ducts.
Normally closed devices are placed in chimney vents. The main rule of installation is the accessibility of the drive and operating modules for maintenance.
Before the location process, the operability of the mechanism and the tightness of the damper are checked. The frequency of maintenance and inspections is specified in state standards on fire safety.
Ensure the safety of the building in the event of a fire right choice fire damper at the design stage. Installing such a device will prevent the movement of fire and smoke in the room through the ventilation channels.
Since May 1, 2009, new regulatory requirements have been introduced in Russia for fire damper drives in ventilation and smoke protection systems!
Part 2 Art. 138 of the "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" prohibits the use of fire normally open (formerly called fire-retarding) dampers with a spring drive and a thermal lock (fusible link) in ventilation and air conditioning systems, since such a drive cannot be controlled remotely and a thermal lock as part of the drive is the main temperature-sensitive element, and not a duplicate, as required by the regulations.
According to SP 7.13130 actuators (actuators) of normally closed fire dampers (including smoke dampers) supply and exhaust systems smoke ventilation (should maintain the set position of the damper blade when the power supply to the actuator is turned off. Distinctive feature of these systems, which include several dampers with address control, is the presence of two predetermined damper positions - “open” (for example, on the fire floor) and “closed” (on other floors), which the drive must ensure in case of any options for disconnecting the power supply circuit, in including emergencies.
This requirement actually prohibits the use of electromechanical actuators with a return spring on fire
normally closed and smoke dampers, since when the voltage is removed from them, only one preset damper position is provided - “open”. This requirement is met by normally closed (including smoke) fire dampers with an electromagnetic drive or a reversible electric drive, the control signal for which
is the voltage supply to the drive. These actuators provide the preset “open” and “closed” positions of the damper when the power is turned off.
| FEDERAL LAW "TECHNICAL REGULATION ON FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS" Section VI. Fire safety requirements for products general purpose Chapter 31 . Fire safety requirement for building structures and engineering equipment buildings, structures and structures Article 138. Fire safety requirements for the structures and equipment of ventilation systems, air conditioning systems and smoke protection. part 2. Normally open fire dampers must be equipped with automatic and remotely controlled actuators. The use of temperature-sensitive elements in the composition of such drives should be provided only as redundant ones. For normally closed fire dampers and smoke dampers, the use of actuators with temperature sensitive elements is not allowed. Density of adjoining structures of fire and smoke dampers to each other various types must provide the minimum required resistance to smoke and gas penetration. |
You can get acquainted with the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" on the website of the RG