The attic is not only a beautiful appearance of the house, but also real opportunity increase living space, make the most practical and functional use of all the space under the roof of the house. The most relevant is the installation of a mansard roof in individual private construction, in country house or at the dacha.

To ensure that the structure is reliable and safe and does not collapse under additional loads, you must choose the right type of roof, calculate the slope, size, and materials.

In the article we will analyze in detail how to build an attic roof with your own hands, and will dwell on construction technologies and design features.

Types of mansard roofs

Today it is difficult to surprise with architectural delights in private buildings; people strive for the comfort and aesthetics of their homes. The design of the attic is striking in its scope: high and low, broken and ordinary pitched, turrets and domes, complex multi-level and the most ordinary mansard roofs crown the buildings, giving each its own unique individual style.

Single pitch mansard roof the simplest in design, it is supported by a rafter system, or truss, on external load-bearing walls located at different levels. Typically, such roofs are installed during the construction of attics on small country houses and verandas.

Gable or gable mansard roof- a classic design, which is erected using inclined or hanging rafters. The slope angles of the slopes can be uniform or uneven.

A hip roof is a hipped structure without gables. Two large slopes are trapezoids, the slopes from the end walls are triangles-hips. Half-hip roofs are roofs that have trapezoids on the sides, and a vertical wall at the front, and it is cut at an angle to the ridge.

Hip mansard roof- it’s almost a hip one, but all the slopes are isosceles triangles, which meet at one point. This design is symmetrical and does not have a ridge, suitable for square buildings.

- This is, in fact, a combination of several gable roofs. The design is suitable for houses with complex geometry, with kinks and a polygonal base. Such a roof has many ribs and slopes, therefore it requires complex calculations and professional skills; making such a roof with your own hands seems to be a very difficult task.

The sloping roof is a classic attic structure; the shape of the attic roof allows you to significantly increase usable area, and equip a full-fledged interior living room, bedroom, children's room, office, etc. The design implies the presence of a lower steep slope from 60 to 80 o, and an upper flat slope of 20-30 o. Design roofing system the attic becomes more complex than a truss; the slopes consist of two rafters, reinforced with racks and reinforced in places of kinks with guy wires. The lower chord of the truss is also the basis of the floor.

Vaulted, conical, dome roofs attics used in luxury private housing construction, the design of such attics amazes with its delights. The rafter structure of such attic floors is quite complex and is made of materials that can be bent.

When several types of roofs are combined, complex and unusually effective, beautiful attic structures are obtained. Such an unconventional approach to designing an attic roof is necessary if the house has a complex shape: with protrusions, height differences, and additions. Despite the aesthetics and stunning views, complex mansard roofs have significant disadvantages - there are many internal corners(valley) with a small slope, pitched fractures, which are a risk area for the integrity of the roof and cause leaks and snow accumulation. Calculation of a mansard roof of this type requires special skills and knowledge, if you intend to make such an attic roof with your own hands, try to minimize the presence of complex elements.

Mansard roof, photos of the main types of floors applicable in individual construction: 1. Single-pitch 2. Gable 3. Multi-gable 4. Hip 5. Sub-hip 6. Hip 7. Vaulted 8. Conical 9. Domed 10. Classic mansard sloping roof

A simple gable or sloping attic roof will not produce the same effect as a combined one, but such an attic roof design is much more reliable, it can be calculated and built with your own hands. The choice of the type of attic roof depends on the architectural design and plan of the house, the slope of the slopes included in the project, the characteristics of the supporting structure and the choice of materials for the roof.

Calculation of the attic roof, slope angle and selection of materials

Note that the slope of the attic slopes is influenced by roofing materials and their installation scheme, but mainly, the slopes depend on the geography of construction. In snowy areas, steep roofs with a small overhang should be installed; in southern and almost snowless areas, you can make a small slope and a larger overhang. If there are strong gusts of wind in the region, then the roof should be flat, which will reduce the windage of the roof.

The standard layout of the attic roof, this arrangement of rafters allows for the most efficient use of the attic floor area

Thus, calculating the slope of an attic roof is based on the starting points:

• desired height interior space attics;
• architectural solution;
• in which climatic zone the object is located;
• what roofing material will be used.

It is optimal if the gable roof of the attic is sloped at 45° or higher, and the classic do-it-yourself broken attic roof has a slope of the lower slopes of 60° and the upper slopes of 30°. Such slopes allow you to create a room inside that is comfortable for living if you carefully think through the interior of the attic.

Roofs of houses with an attic, photos of advantages and disadvantages internal space at different types roofs

A classic do-it-yourself sloping mansard roof, in addition to rafters, includes racks, struts, tie-downs, and hangers in the design. Section size structural elements calculated when calculating rafter system.

How to build an attic roof, optimal proportions of the roof relative to the width of the house

Important: The angle of inclination of the roof slope of 60° allows one to neglect loads from precipitation. The greater the slope truss structure, the longer the rafters and larger area roof, but less usable internal area.

The maximum load from precipitation on the roof is achieved with a roof slope of 30 o; at 45 o, rain and snow do not linger.

Table showing how the choice of roofing material depends on the angle of inclination of the slopes of the attic roof

• the width of the end (pediment) is 10 m, divided in half: 8/2 = 4;
• The optimal roof height at the ridge is 2.4 m.

Here we need a school geometry course: Sine of an angle in right triangle equal to the ratio of the adjacent side to the opposite side:

Sin B = 4/2.4 = 1.67

We open the Bradis table and see that this sine value corresponds to an angle of approximately 59°, so we round the value. Thus, our desired slope angle is approximately 60 degrees.

Mansard roof construction technology

A broken mansard roof, the drawings of which are presented in the article, is the most popular type of construction attic floor from a private developer, so we will analyze the key stages of its construction. Typical mansard roof designs do not require additional calculations, which greatly facilitates installation and allows you to reduce financial costs for the production of an individual project.

Mansard roof frame, diagram of the main structural elements

Before making an attic roof, a special support beam is laid around the perimeter. If the house is wooden, timber or log, then the upper crown of the walls will serve as the Mauerlat. In a brick, stone, monolithic concrete or foam concrete house, a layer of waterproofing is laid around the perimeter (2 layers of roofing felt, bitumen-polymer mastics), flush with inside load-bearing walls are installed wooden beam- Mauerlat, which allows you to evenly distribute the loads from the roof and precipitation onto the base and across all supporting structures. Outside the Mauerlat is laid facing material, you can see there should be 30 mm of timber left so that the load falls exclusively on the timber and not on the cladding.

Scheme of installation and fastening of the mauerlat and rafters

Advice: the timber for the Mauerlat must have a cross-section of 100*100 or 150*150 mm.

Then we install the floor beams, first lay the timber along the edges, check with a level that the geometry is correct, and attach it. We stretch the lace along the upper plane and install the remaining beams at a distance of 500-600 mm from each other. If the height is not enough to the required level, then we put slats, if on the contrary, then we cut off the mauerlat. The offset of the beams determines the width of the cornice, usually 300-500 mm. Next, we install short beams in increments of 1000 mm to install the front ebb.

Advice: Fasteners to the Mauerlat can be 150 nails, rafter corners with self-tapping screws.

Installing the frame

To install the skeleton, we align the vertical posts-beams to a plumb line or level and secure them with temporary spacers. First, we install the outer ones, in the corners, pull the cord and set the middle ones in increments of no more than 3 m.

The height of the racks depends on the shape of the roof provided for by the project; usually it is equal to the distance from the ground to the mauerlat (the height of the 1st floor) or +100 mm from the desired height of the finished ceiling. We tighten the racks from above with purlins - 150*50 mm boards.

Construction of an attic roof, how to properly install a side girder

We attach bolts to the purlins using roofing corners - in an attic roof these are bars connecting the side purlins, with a cross-section of 200*50 mm. The deflection of the ties is eliminated by subsequent installation of hangers to the rafters, and until the rafter system is installed, it is recommended to install temporary supports.

Installation of an attic roof, the ties on top are fastened with a board, which gives rigidity to the structure

Rafter system

First you need to make a template from 20x150 mm boards: apply the board to the Mauerlat and to the side girder, make notes, saw off, and the template is ready. Since buildings often have errors in geometry, it is better to cut along the upper girder, and cut along the mauerlat locally.

Mansard roof, installation of side rafters

If the length of the slope is longer than a standard 6-meter board, then it is recommended to order special lumber to suit your dimensions. But if this is not possible, then the boards are spliced; to do this, a piece of board 1.5-2.0 m long is sewn from below, but you will have to install a stand under it.

The rafters are attached to the side girder with three nails, to the mauerlat on metal plates, screws and nails, or staples.

Attic roof, we install the side rafters with our own hands, methods of fastening

Making a template for the upper rafters. We take the board and fix it on the outer crossbar in the middle, strictly vertically, one edge of the board should coincide with the central axis of the attic roof. We apply the beam, draw out the lower and upper cuts.

Attic gable roof how to make a template for the upper slopes

We cut out a template on the ground, make left and right rafters and mount them on the roof. On the attic sloping roof, a ridge beam is not used, so the rafters are attached with a strut. Using the same principle, we install the rest of the upper rafter system.

How to properly build an attic roof, installing struts (from above) and installing the upper slope

Hanging rafters are a triangle - the simplest truss, but this design does not transfer thrust loads to load-bearing walls, so tie rods should be installed.

Mansard roof frame, methods for installing tie rods hanging rafters

After installing the rafter system, the gable (end) frame is installed and sheathed, and the structure is strengthened in the places where the windows will be installed. Then the sheathing, cornice, overhangs and ebbs are made.

Hip-slope mansard roof, installation of gables

The rest of the way

A vapor barrier membrane is laid along the rafters, which is pressed against a counter-lattice made of slats 40*20 mm, 50*50 mm, additionally creating a gap for ventilation. The sheathing, depending on the roofing material, can be solid or with indentations. Next, waterproofing is laid on which the roofing material is laid.

The attic should be insulated from the inside; the thermal insulation layer is additionally covered with a vapor barrier to protect the insulation from condensation. Next, you can decorate the room with the selected facing material.

Be sure to watch how to build an attic roof with your own hands; the video will help you understand the key stages of constructing an attic floor.

Mansard roofs solve two problems at once - create an additional free area and add zest to the exterior of the building. Thus, you can make a lounge or bedroom, saving on the construction of the upper floor of private houses. To rationally use space, all that remains is to choose a suitable project and compact furniture. It is worth considering how the roofs of houses with an attic are planned.

What should the attic be like?

To get the ideal attic, it is better to prepare its design at the stage of building the house. Living space planning affects the setting load-bearing elements roofs. When you have to equip a room in already built private houses, difficulties arise with laying thermal insulation, locating stairs, and ordering doors and windows. For wooden elements protective treatment required.

Most often, attics are planned under roofs:

• broken gables;
• gable.

A gable roof is often found in photos of private houses built in traditional style. This roof consists of two intersecting rectangles. It has a simple design, but at the same time the project looks neat and cute.

Important! The best option for an attic is a gable sloping roof with sloping rafters; this design leaves maximum usable space.

For the manufacture of rafters they use conifers trees. The material is thoroughly sanded and dried. Humidity should not exceed 18%. Otherwise, the rafters may become deformed over time, which will lead to distortion of the entire building.

Types of house roofs for attic installation

Depending on the type of roofing of private houses, the area of ​​the attic will vary. Also, its design will affect the overall cost of construction. The following are the most common types of roofs, their advantages and disadvantages.

Single-pitch

Shed roofs are affordable and easy to install. In this case, the roofing sheet rests on load-bearing walls that differ in height.

Shed roofs are rarely used in residential construction. More often, these types are used when arranging garages and utility rooms, rather than private houses. The space under them is extremely inconvenient to use for decorating an attic.

Gable

Gable roofs are very common; such a project can be called a classic one. Such a roof consists of two parts, which are connected at the intersection by a metal ridge. However, the size of the canvases and the angle at which they are fixed may differ.

Gable roofs are considered the most functional. The space under them is convenient to use for arranging an attic.

Hip

Hip roofs are a more complex design of gable roofs. Instead of outer walls, called pediments, they have triangular slopes (hips). As the projects show, windows are often placed on them.

Hip roofs look very interesting in the photo. Due to their complex design, their design and construction should be entrusted to specialists. These types of roofing are better able to withstand strong winds and precipitation. In private houses and cottages, hip roofs are most often installed. There is quite a lot of space underneath for an attic.

Attention! Another option for a roof with hips is a hip roof. It is designed from triangular slopes, of which there can be 4 or more. They are held on by metal skates and converge at the very top in the center.

Broken

A sloping roof is essentially the same as a gable roof, but the roof sheets have a break. In the photo you can see projects with windows on the gables.

Advantages sloping roof the fact that the streamlined shape makes it resistant to gusts of wind. There is also enough space underneath for arranging a living room.

Combined

The design of combined roofs can include elements of several types at once. This is the most expensive type of roofing and requires careful design and use. quality materials. Otherwise, numerous joints cause leaks. Due to its complex shape, the roof is not so resistant to strong winds.

Combined roofs are suitable for constructing balconies and attics. They look very original in the photo, but require considerable costs for design and construction.

What types of attic are there?

The type of attic is determined by the project and the wishes of the residents. The following main types are presented: single-level and two-level.

Single-level

It is easier to arrange a single-level attic on the roof. It does not require lengthy calculations. The following are the types of such attics, there are three in total.

1. Attic under gable roof . Due to the location of the roof panels, nothing prevents the convergence of precipitation. Therefore, this version of the attic roof is the simplest and most practical.
2. Attic under a sloping roof. It is a little more difficult to arrange such a room, but it turns out with smooth walls and a full ceiling. In the photo, such a house looks original.
3. Attic with remote consoles. The most labor-intensive version of the mansard roof. However, with this type of roofing in the attic it turns out large room. The canopy that results from the displacement of the roof is often used to build a veranda or garage.

Two-level

A two-level attic contains two rooms, located, as the name suggests, on different levels. Sometimes it stands out as separate project. It is distinguished by the presence of supports of a mixed type.

Advantages of installing an attic

The attic roof has a number of advantages.

1. Additional living space. In the attic you can make a relaxation room, bedroom or study.
2. Thermal insulation. If the house has a residential attic, heat loss through the ceiling is noticeably reduced.
3. Allows you to reduce total area plot of land for construction.
4. You can increase the living space of an already built house.
5. Set up in a short time.
6. Allows with minimal investment get another full room.

Important! To make the most of the space, you should choose small-sized furniture.

What features should be considered when choosing materials and furniture

The mansard roof also has certain disadvantages. The following are recommendations that should be taken into account when choosing building materials and furniture for the upper room.

1. Select high-quality vapor and waterproofing. Considering the location of the materials, they should be light so as not to weigh down the structure. Good materials will allow you to maintain comfortable air humidity in the room.
2. Ensure sufficient thermal insulation. This is very important for an attic room to prevent heat loss.
3. If the structural elements are made of wood, they are treated with an antiseptic.
4. For interior decoration indoors, light weight materials (for example, drywall) should be used.
5. You need to select furniture taking into account the sloping ceiling.

How to arrange an attic

To maintain a favorable microclimate in the attic, the following layers are arranged in order.

1. Ventilation. The best option would be to install two ventilation gaps. The first is done under the roofing, it is designed to remove moisture from under the “ roofing pie" The second is located above the insulation layer and eliminates accumulated steam.
2. Vapor barrier. This layer prevents condensation from forming and the insulation getting wet.
3. Thermal insulation. A layer of special material does not let through cold air from the street into the room and prevents heat from escaping outside.
4. Sheathing and rafters. Due to these structural elements, the load is evenly distributed over the walls. Made from wooden beams.
5. Waterproofing. A layer of this material is necessary to prevent moisture from entering.
6. Roofing film. Needed to protect insulation and rafters.
7. Roofing material. This is the final layer that protects against adverse environmental influences.

The mansard roof has an original appearance in the photo and allows you to increase the living space of the house. By following the recommendations for choosing materials and furniture, you can arrange a full-fledged and spacious room in the attic.

- This is not a very ordinary design.

Such a structure must not only complete the entire structure of the building and perform protection functions.

But also to have comfortable life in the room located underneath it.

In order for the living space to be suitable for use, it is necessary to understand the essence of the design of such a structure and the nuances of its installation processes.

Such a design has a number of elements that make up a complete roof system.

The structure of the attic roof looks like this:

• Roof. Roofing is necessary for providing reliable protection from the influence of atmospheric conditions both the entire house and the entire roof system.
• . Support part attachment systems, most often constructed from wooden boards.
• Ridge run. The very top of the entire system.
• Rafters. Supporting ribs that create rigidity for the structure. They have two varieties - hanging and layered.
• Mauerlat. The element is represented by beams that used for fastening the rafter system. The element repeats the location of the perimeter of the house and is fastened to each wall using fasteners.
• Diagonal piles. For that, that the roof structure system has high level reliability, the rafters are connected to each other by beams located longitudinally and by vertical posts, which are connected together by diagonal braces or bevels.
• Internal supports. An element that is located under each rafter leg and provides it with stability.
• Insulation layer. This layer unites the entire roof system into a single whole, while creating reliable sealing, vapor and sound insulation. This layer has its own structure and is multi-layered. All materials that are used to equip this layer are necessary to provide all kinds of properties that ensure comfortable living in the attic.

What components and parts does the attic roof consist of, you will see in this drawing:

Mansard roof design drawing

Roofing pie

Each type of roof has its own individual structure.

It is presented in several layers various materials, which necessary to protect the attic space from cold air masses and higher level humidity.

The roofing pie of the attic roof includes:

• Lathing;
• Vapor barrier layer;
• Counter grille;
• Thermal insulation layer;
• Waterproofing;
• Ventilation systems;
• Roofing material.

Each layer is designed to perform specific functions that are necessary for the proper functioning of the entire roof system.

If you make mistakes during installation or neglect any of the layers, then this may lead to the need to redo the entire structure.

• . The simplest type of roof over an attic, but not very popular. Represents one inclined plane, which is supported on load-bearing walls of various heights.
• . This kind represented by two slopes, which are located opposite each other.
• Broken. This type of roof has other names - half-hip. This type of design allows you to make the attic space optimal. This design has four ramps. It is quite convenient to live in an attic with this type of roof.
• Conical. The most complex look structures represented by a cone. Suitable for buildings which have round or polygonal outlines.

Types of roofs

If we talk about the types of rafter systems, they come in 3 types:

1. The hanging type of rafters ensures the transfer of load in a horizontal position to load-bearing walls. Such rafters are the basis of the entire system. There is no need for intermediate supports; wooden or metal ties are used to connect the beams.
2. The layered type of rafters is used in case of location load-bearing wall in the center of the building or the presence of intermediate supports. This type of rafters is installed on external walls, while their middle part is supported by interior walls. Such a structure can only be built if the distance from the load-bearing wall to another is up to 6.5 m.
3. The hanging and layered version of the rafter system is represented by triangles having a right angle. Additionally, this design is equipped with contractions at the bottom and top of the system. To suspend the ceiling, use the tightening of hanging rafters.

Mansard roof: gable structure wooden house

Tilt angle

A very important parameter in roof construction is determining the angle of inclination of the roof. This value is determined not only by the design of the building, the features of the facade, but also by the chosen roofing material and local climatic conditions.

If the precipitation falling in the area where the house is located has great value, That The roof angle ranges from 45 to 60 degrees.

This slope value will ensure better snow removal from the surface, and, accordingly, a decrease in the load level. In addition to precipitation, this angle parameter protects the roof from icing.

If the house is located in an area where strong winds are a frequent occurrence, then the value of the slope angle should be minimal. Otherwise, the structure may be destroyed due to weather conditions. Under such conditions, variations in this parameter range from 9 to 20 degrees.

However, the most common and optimal angle roof slope is 20-35 degrees. This value is suitable for arranging a roof with almost any type of material.

CAREFULLY!

The angle of inclination largely determines the durability and reliability of the structure.

Tilt angle

Installation process

In order to install an attic roof, you must follow a certain sequence of actions:

1. Initially, the upper beam is attached, which has section parameters of 10x10 or 15x15 cm. Fastening is carried out using nails, metal staples or self-tapping screws. At the same time, the first beam provides the function of a rafter frame.
2. The following is installation of the Mauerlat, which is necessary to take most of the load. To install it, you will need a board with a thickness of at least 5 cm and a beam with cross-sectional parameters of 5x10 cm. Before laying the board, lay a layer that is necessary to retain moisture and not destroy structural elements. The Mauerlat is attached with nails or staples and additionally tied to the walls using metal wire. The wire is installed at the stage of wall construction.
3. Next, install the rafters, choosing for this step from 0.6 to 2 m.
4. The gable rafters are installed first., after which they tighten the level and begin to mount the remaining elements.
5. After the rafter legs are all installed, provide additional structural reinforcement, connecting the rafters to each other in their upper part.
6. If the roof length exceeds 7 m, then installing ridge beams. Otherwise, equipping the rafter system with a similar element is not necessary.
7. Once installed move on to equipping the layers of the roofing pie, having previously installed the sheathing.
8. The last stage in roof construction is styling roofing .

Installation of sheathing

Installation of rafters

Mauerlat installation

Conclusion

The design of the attic roof, although simple, has its own nuances. It is very important to understand the essence of the processes in order to accurately install the system yourself. And you should initially compose the entire building in order to protect yourself from mistakes.

Useful video

In this video you will learn everything about the construction of an attic roof:

A mansard-type roof allows the house to acquire an original appearance, a special flavor, unusual architecture, and, most importantly, harmony with the natural environment.

Thanks to design features Such roofs made it possible to functionally, maximize and practically use the space of the house.

The use of attic spaces for placing attics today is in great demand, especially in private construction.

Advantages of an attic roof

The main advantages of such roofs include:

• Beautiful exterior of the house.
• Increasing building density.
• Creation of additional living space on a previously built house.
• Minimum construction time.
• Low price compared to new construction.
• After insulation works the attic floor represents warmth and comfort.
• Saving material resources.

Types of attics

Today they can be presented in the following forms:

• Single-level attic with a gable roof.
• Single-level with a sloping roof.
• Single-level roof view with remote consoles.
• Two-level roof type with a mixed type of support.

Single-level attic with a gable roof

The presented type of roof is equipped with one level of attic, above which a gable roof is formed.

This option is one of the simplest, as it does not require particularly complex calculations during design and is not accompanied by great difficulties during construction.

Such a roof, in addition to being simple in its design features, is also very practical.

The practicality of the roof is associated with the presence of a large angle and the absence of obstacles in the form of additional elements roofs for precipitation.

Single-level attic with a sloping roof

The presented option also provides for one level of the attic, but a different type of rafter system design is already used here.

As a result, not two are formed flat roofs, but four.

Advantages of this type are that upper part the building takes on the full appearance of a room, with vertical flows and walls.

Thus, there is an increase in space in the rooms.

However, the design of such a rafter system is characterized by a more complex shape.

Single-level attic type with remote consoles

A roof with remote consoles is an even more complex version of the attic.

The main advantages of this design can be considered an increase in the space on the upper floor.

As a rule, it turns out to be much more spacious, in contrast to the second type of roof. This type of construction is characterized by a displacement of the attic space to one side of the house, to the edge.

Using this type Attics can be made with full vertical windows on one side.

Speaking about the advantages of such a roof, it is necessary to understand its disadvantages.

The main disadvantage of the design is its more complex shape.

It consists of one large sloping plane on one side, and two planes on the opposite side.

In most cases, part of the roof with a large plane is carried further beyond the walls of the house than usual.

Thanks to this offset, you can make a canopy in which you can place anything from a terrace to a garage.

Two-level attic with mixed type of support

This design is one of the most complex, as it has at least two rooms in the upper part of the house, located at different levels.

The photo below shows two options for how to build a mansard-type roof on two levels.

Quite often, the type of attic presented is a full-fledged project, the formation of which is carried out during the design process of the house.

This design is not separate integral part home, but is included in the structure of the main house design.

Characteristic features of the attic roof

1. Design

Such a roof implies the presence of the following structural elements:

• rafters and ridge;
• sheathing;
• roofing material;
• Mauerlat;
• thermal insulation layer;
• internal lining;
• vapor barrier layer.
• scheme .

When constructing a sloping mansard roof, it is necessary to use trusses of a broken structure.

Their screed will be replaced by an interfloor ceiling.

The bottom chord of the attic truss acts as the base of the attic floor.

2. Features of the mounting system

To the main features installation system roofs include:

1. Increased complexity and high cost
   The thing is that the height of the attic ceilings turns out to be a little low.
   To obtain a full-fledged attic space, it is necessary to use a straight roof, not a broken one.
   Then the attic will have walls that are located at sharp angles to the floor.
2. The presence of skylights makes it possible to implement various design ideas
   For example, windows can be presented in the form of vents or act as doors to access the roof.
3. High requirements for the load-bearing capacity of the rafter system during construction tiled roof
   The optimal cross-section for this type of roofing is considered to be 5×15 cm, pitch - 100 cm.
   If the roof slope is 45 degrees or higher, the pitch value increases to 140 cm.
   In places where there is heavy snowfall, this distance should take a smaller value.
   As a rule, it is 60-80 cm.
4. The need to organize water drainage from the walls
   In the case of a wooden house, the rafter legs are made with a margin of 55 cm.
   For this there must be nests and spikes.
   If the house is made of stone, then beams are placed under the ends of the rafters, the role of which is to distribute the load along the entire perimeter.
   They should be placed slightly above the top of the attic floor.

Installation and insulation of an attic roof

Starting the construction of the attic, special attention it is necessary to pay attention to roof insulation, since it is considered the main element of the building envelope.

The role of the attic covering should not only be to protect the house from the influence of precipitation, but also to serve as some kind of obstacle to overheating the upper floor in hot weather. summer time and cooling in winter.

Warm indoor air contains much more moisture than cold outdoor air.

Therefore, water vapor penetrates from the room to the outside.

Since the outer part of the roofing is covered with a waterproofing layer, which very poorly allows water vapor to pass through, all conditions are created for condensation moisture to occur on the inside of the roof.

Despite the fact that the roof waterproofing is well done, inner surface wet spots and mold will begin to appear on the roofing.

As a result, the thermal insulation qualities of the insulation deteriorate.

Therefore, it can only bring tangible comfortable living.

Insulation work should begin with protection thermal insulation material from exposure to water vapor contained in the air of the room.


To do this, it is necessary to place a vapor barrier layer on the inside of the insulation.

Then a layer of insulation is laid according to the height of the rafters and secured so that it does not move along the slope over time.

Then installation is carried out waterproofing material, fastening of which occurs with the help of bars, installed without fail, on top along the length of the rafters.

The presented bars serve to create vents in the under-roof gap of the roof in order to remove excess moisture in the atmosphere.

The sheathing is laid on these bars, and the roofing material itself is directly laid on it.

For vapor barrier, you can use penofol or polycraft, which is laid with the foil side facing the room.

Thus, thermal radiation emanating from the room to the outside is reflected from the surface of the aluminum foil. Thanks to this, the amount of heat loss through the attic covering is reduced.

The mansard roof is the best option, thanks to which you can increase the usable area of ​​your home without spending a lot of effort and money.

And an additional room built in this way will personify comfort and coziness.

Watch a short video on how to make a mansard roof with your own hands:

During the operation of a private house, country cottage or country house, the question of increasing living space often arises. It is usually solved through an extension or superstructure.

Adding an extension to a house is a troublesome task. In addition, a residential extension has one significant drawback - it “steals” the usable area of ​​the site.

Therefore, a popular way to expand living space individual house is the construction of a second floor or attic, i.e. attic roof. The design of the attic roof allows the resulting space to be used as a living space.

What is better: attic or second floor

The following facts speak in favor of the attic: lower construction costs, better insulation living space, less load on the foundation. In general, the attic is the highlight of the house and gives it a certain flavor.

Essentially, a full 2nd floor is more practical and easier to implement than an attic floor. It all depends on the situation; if a house is being designed, then it is better to immediately provide a second floor, because... installing an attic is a more troublesome task. And if the house is residential and has an attic roof, then it would be reasonable to equip it with a living room instead of an attic “for the necessary things.”

Types of attic roof

The optimal tilt angle is 40°. The ramp should be located on the leeward side. Allows you to equip a small attic above the attic. Due to only one acute angle, the usable area of ​​the room increases.

Gable mansard roof

A simple gable (pitched or gable) consists of two slopes connected at a certain angle. The advantage of a gable roof is the ease of manufacturing the rafters and finishing. The disadvantage is the appearance of a “blank” area (at the junction of the roof and the wall), which is usually not used. Often attics with gable roof erected along with the walls. A roof with a 45° pitch is ideal for houses no more than 6 m wide.

Asymmetrical gable mansard roof. Private house with such a roof it will be distinguished by originality and functionality at the same time.

The difficulty in building a roof with asymmetrical slopes lies in the calculations.

Broken mansard roof. Its difference is that each slope has two components. The device of a sloping roof allows you to get a higher attic space. And also reduce unused area. Such roofs are the most common due to the possibility of attaching a garage or summer kitchen under one roof.

Hip sloping mansard roof

Hip mansard roof. In this design, the roof slopes play the role of walls.

One of the varieties of hip mansard roofing is Danish hip roof. Its construction is distinguished by the presence of pediments, which allow the installation of ordinary rather than roof windows (dormers).

Semi-hipped mansard roof (gable, hipped). Complex design, low slopes protect the gables of the house from precipitation.

Pitched roofs can be single or multi-level.

Non-standard solutions are also quite possible for an attic roof. Their design requires careful calculation of loads, stability, etc. It is difficult to carry out installation without special education, so the cost of the work is higher compared to classical structures.

Some examples of the original mansard roof are in the photo.

The species have been decided, it remains open question How to make a mansard roof with your own hands.

The brief instructions contain the main stages of work and will draw your attention to some of the nuances of their implementation.

Stage 1 - Design and calculation

Choice appearance mansard roof, and its parameters are calculated taking into account factors such as:

slope angle;

finishing material;

SNiP 2.01.07-85 “Loads and impacts” will be a reliable assistant in calculations.

Nuance. The greater the angle of inclination, the lower the height will be attic room (minimum height the ceiling of the room on the attic floor is 2.2 m). Accordingly, the smaller the angle of inclination of the attic roof, the larger the area of ​​the room. If the slope is insufficient, precipitation can accumulate on the roof, which will lead to additional loads on it.

More close attention calculations are given if a non-standard mansard roof is being erected. For example, an asymmetrical gable mansard roof has a shifted center of gravity. This affects the uniformity of load transfer to load-bearing walls and foundations.

At this stage, the issue of how to access the attic floor is also resolved. Choosing a location for the staircase to the attic important decision. The internal location allows it to be used at any time of the year. The exterior allows you to save useful space on the lower floor.

Advice. Ceiling folding staircase for the attic floor is the most economical option, but the least practical.

Mansard roof rafter system

The choice of rafter system is influenced by:

1. attic dimensions;
2. parameters of the overlapped span;
3. roof shape;
4. first floor construction;
5. location of load-bearing walls and additional supports;
6. weight of roofing material.

The design of the attic roof truss system

There are two types of roof truss system with attic:

• hanging rafters. The walls of the house serve as the basis for the rafter legs. When constructing hanging trusses, a Mauerlat is not always installed (depending on the wall material);

• layered rafters. IN in this case additional support is required. The type used is a ridge girder or an attic wall reinforced with reinforced concrete. The installation of a layered rafter system is allowed at a distance between load-bearing walls of up to 7 meters.

The structural difference between a roof structure with hanging and layered rafters is shown in the diagram.

When building an attic roof, a combined type is often used - hanging rafters on top of the system, and layered rafters on the sides.

In this case, drawings must be prepared indicating the location individual elements and the distances between them. An example is shown in the figure.

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Calculation of rafter legs for an attic roof

Choosing the type of wood and justifying its optimal thickness.

The amount of material required for the rafter system depends on its type and all the factors listed above.

Nuance. The gap between the rafter legs depends on the lumber used.

The pitch of the rafter legs under the attic roof will be 60-90 cm.

The material can be laminated timber (80x80, 100x100 mm), board (section 50x150 for slate and metal tiles, section 50-200 for ondulin).

Nuance. The length of the spans increases the diameter (section) of the rafters or reduces the gap between them.

As for the species, it is recommended to use pine. Its wood is characterized by high strength, flexibility, ease of processing, and the absence of knots. Industrial wood must be at least grade 2. Solid beams can be replaced with glued beams; it has higher quality characteristics.

Thickness of the board for making rafters (section rafter leg) must be at least 50 mm. The width of the board for the rafter leg is from 150 mm (if the length of the rafters is up to 6 meters, if more, then 180-200 mm). On the one hand, this requirement is due to the fact that the load bears on it, on the other hand, insulation is placed between the rafter legs.

Advice - any construction or reconstruction must be legalized by the relevant authorities.

Stage 2 - Installation of the Mauerlat

Mauerlat is an additional wooden frame along the upper perimeter of the building.

The purpose of the Mauerlat is to create conditions for reliable fastening of the lower part of the rafters. As well as the redistribution of the load that is created from the pressure of the roof on the load-bearing walls and foundation of the building.

Installation of a simple gable mansard roof requires installation of a mauerlat only on those walls on which the rafter legs will rest. A hip roof requires its installation along the entire perimeter of the building.

Advice. IN wooden log house The role of the Mauerlat is played by the upper crown. This can be done, but only if the rafter legs are installed on sliding fasteners. Because Due to the load on the rafter system (wind, snow), horizontal pressure is created and the upper logs can move outward. In addition, if the material for the rafter system is not dried properly, then over time, if it is rigidly fastened, the roof will become deformed.

Nuance. A stone cottage and house requires the installation of a mauerlat along the entire perimeter of the external walls. In brick, you can install its links only under the rafters.

The parameters of the Mauerlat for logs are diameter 150 mm, for timber - 100x100 mm.

The species is pine, but larch is better.

The fastening of the Mauerlat must be reliable, because this is the basis for the entire rafter system.

There are several ways to attach the Mauerlat: anchor bolts, studs or reinforcement (fixed to the base of the load-bearing wall);

Advice. If the building is built from foam concrete or other porous material You can only use long bolts or reinforcement, the length of which is 3 times the width of the mauerlat beam. This is due to the fact that any other fasteners are pulled out very easily from a porous material.

• annealed wire (embedded in brickwork);

• wooden dowel (used when installing a mauerlat in a log house).

Nuance. To prevent the destruction of the Mauerlat, it is necessary to ensure proper waterproofing, for example, put roofing felt, and treat the timber itself with antiseptic solutions.

If the width of the attic matches the width of the house, the rafter legs rest on the base of the load-bearing wall. But, it’s better to install a Mauerlat.

Stage 3 - Construction of the attic roof

Construction of the attic roof frame

Floor beams. Installed on the Mauerlat. In the future, they will serve as the basis for installing the floor in the attic.

Arrangement of the rafter system of the attic roof

For a simple roof, making rafter legs involves forming simple triangles. They can be assembled on the ground and installed in the form of ready-made triangles.

For a gable sloping roof, first a U-shaped frame is attached, and the rafter part is already fixed on it in a hanging (for the top) and inclined (for the sides) way. The diagrams below show this more clearly.

The lower ends of the rafter leg must be sawed down and attached to the mauerlat using nails or metal brackets (movable fastening).

Nuance. The filing of the leg must be very precise to ensure a tight fit to the Mauerlat.

The rafter legs are installed at the same distance from each other. Otherwise, the load on the system will be distributed unevenly.

Installation begins with the outer legs. Then you need to stretch the rope between them. This way the horizontal position will be maintained when installing the intermediate legs.

After all the rafters are installed, they are connected to each other. The sheathing pitch depends on the selected roofing material.

Advice. The places intended for the installation of roof windows are reinforced with transverse beams. This way the window will be securely fixed.

If the attic roof is significantly wide, you need to install a ridge beam. It will serve as additional support. And part of the load (from the weight of the roof and snow) will be redistributed onto it.

With a significant length, the ridge beam is supplemented with support.

Waterproofing attic roof

A hydrobarrier film is attached to the sheathing. The peculiarity of its fastening is to make an overlap of 100 mm. Most manufacturers mark the overlap area with a bright stripe.

The waterproofing film is fastened with a construction stapler. And in case of rain, it will reliably protect the structure even in the absence of roofing material.

Insulation of the attic roof

The insulation is laid under the waterproofing. Professionals recommend using flexible insulation for these purposes - mineral and basalt wool. Their advantage is flexibility, the ability to fill any voids.

Laying a vapor barrier

The vapor barrier film protects the roof insulation from steam penetrating into it from the attic living space.

Advice. It is important to provide the necessary gaps between the roofing material and the insulation. Their presence and parameters are determined by the type of insulation, the class of films used and the roofing material.

Construction of an attic roof - video

Stage 4 - Installation of roof windows

The window area, for sufficient daylight, must be at least 12.5%.

Due to the design features of the mansard-type roof, special roof windows are used for glazing. The installation technology involves installing windows before completing finishing works. In this case, the windows must open to provide access fresh air. In bad weather, they should naturally be closed.

Stage 5 - Roofing the attic roof