Without installation stairs to the second floor in a private house construction costs are very rare, since most country cottages and dachas are being built on several levels. At the same time, it should be taken into account that such a design performs not only a utilitarian function for communicating between floors, but also serves as a powerful element of the interior, in some cases acting as an axis around which space is formed.

But be sure, when choosing the design of the stairs and its location in the house, one should not forget about the convenience and safety of operation, since you will have to go down and up it more than once during the day.

The main types of stairs for the home: a variety of shapes and designs

About what will be the stairs in the house, you need to think at the design stage, or at least during the construction of the house.

At the same time, it is important to pay attention to design features taking into account the layout of the house, the functional zoning of space and, of course, in compliance with all relevant building codes.

You can classify stairs for a house according to several criteria:

• according to the type of staircase design;
• according to the material used for their manufacture;
• by type of construction of load-bearing elements;
• on the steepness of the ascent and others.

Separately, one can single out the division of stairs into open and closed: the first are distinguished by the absence of a riser and are quite popular in houses, as they allow you to visually lighten the structure, while skipping maximum amount Sveta.

Structurally, the stairs to the second floor can be:

And if the second and third do not differ in particular diversity, then the most convenient for operation, but “gluttonous” in terms of destroying usable space in the house are mid-flight stairs, which are very diverse within their species and can be:

• single-march;
• straight;
• rotary ( with a direction turn of 90 ° - quarter-turn, and 180 ° - half-turn, 360 ° - full-turn);
• curvilinear, which can be built with or without platforms, using winder steps.

In addition to the three main types, you can also use to move between floors. transformer ladder, which is popular for attics.

Their installation is justified if the room is different small size or the relevance of using the attic has a seasonality - in this case, such a choice is justified, since such a staircase in the assembled state practically does not take up space, and, if necessary, unfolds with one movement of the hand.

Marching stairs

As a rule, a do-it-yourself staircase erected to the second floor belongs to this type and the choice is not accidental, since its construction, despite the cumbersome design, is quite simple, and in terms of convenience it has practically no competitors.

Marching stairs are divided into two types and according to the type of supporting structure:

• on stringers;
• on a string.

The first are load-bearing structures with special ledges for installing steps. The bowstring does not have such elements, and the steps are mounted to it with the end part. The difference is also that the stringers at the stairs can be from 1 to 3, depending on the design and width of the span, and there are always two bowstrings.

But in both cases, if the stairs are installed along bearing wall, a combined mounting method can also be used, for example, the inner edge is fixed on the consoles, and the outer one on the bowstring or stringer.

A special variety are monolithic stairs, for the manufacture of which the installation of formwork is necessary. But this option is quite expensive both from the financial side and in terms of labor intensity, but in terms of reliability they are unrivaled.

It should also be noted that stairs on strings are most often wooden or metal, and a variety of building products can be used to make stringers, but with the condition that their bearing capacity will be sufficient to withstand the impressive weight of the structure.

Widespread stairs to the second floor on the metal frame , sometimes even with forging elements, stringers can also be made of reinforced concrete, wood, stone, etc. For example, ready-made factory-made marches of reinforced concrete can also be used to provide communication between levels in a house.

Despite their initially little aesthetic appearance, the use decorative finishes can significantly transform them, and given their reliability and ease of use, this is a very attractive option.

But by choosing concrete stairs, it should be borne in mind that their installation is carried out simultaneously with the construction of the house, and for their delivery and installation, special equipment will be required. But all other finishing work, installation of railings can be done independently.

Spiral stairs in the house

In small houses, the most popular type of stairs are spiral or spiral structures, which can be installed even on an area of ​​just over 1 m 2. But in some cases it can have quite impressive dimensions, setting architectural style throughout the house.

Regardless of the size, structures of this type always dominate in space to one degree or another, so often the formation of the interior takes place taking into account this factor.

The main element of such stairs is the presence of a central axis - a special construct - a rack, to which the steps are attached with their inner edge, while the outer one is most often installed on bent stringers.

When choosing such a design for a house, it should be borne in mind that it uses the principle of winders, in which the width of the inner and outer edges is significantly different. Therefore, the width of the stairs should not be less than 800 mm, in order to ensure safe ascent or descent, and in some cases, to save space, risers are abandoned or overhanging steps are installed.

But, even taking into account the spectacular appearance of such a staircase, the choice in its favor should be as reasonable as possible, since in terms of convenience they are significantly inferior to all other types.

Stairs on rails and consoles

Its slightly strange name is ladders on rails received from a simple fastener "bolt", with the help of which the steps are fastened. The result is a structure floating in space.

Most often, such stairs are mounted along one or two adjacent walls, although this principle is often applied to screw objects. A bowstring is often used to mount the second edge, but there are stairs that simultaneously apply the principle cantilever mount and pains.

Cantilever mounting principle It is mainly used in rooms decorated in an ultra-modern style, the characteristic features of which are laconic forms, asceticism, open space, but at the same time the most comfortable interior.

The peculiarities of such stairs should be considered the presence of only steps in them ( in rare cases, railings), which are attached with one edge to the load-bearing wall.

The common point that makes these two types of stairs related is their absolute visual integration into space, so that the area in the house can be used as efficiently as possible, including the one located under the structure itself.

Other structural elements of stairs

Regardless of whether it is planned to install wooden stairs to the second floor or choose a structure from another material, in order to ensure its reliability and strength, it is necessary to correctly calculate element sizes, and to begin with, you should familiarize yourself with them a little.

So, the supporting structures are already known, but apart from them, any staircase is also steps, railings and balusters. The former, in turn, consist of two important elements: tread and riser, which can serve as a support for the first, but is not required. Of course heavy stone stairs they can hardly do without it, but it is not needed for “airy” glass structures.

Railings, although they are not a load-bearing element, play an important role in the design, although they are not available on all stairs. They are mainly used as a support, but at the same time they have an important aesthetic orientation.

Often they are made even for individual orders, for example, by installing forged railing for stairs, you can bring a solid touch of luxury and solidity to the interior.

Particular attention in this case is paid to balusters, which are vertical posts on which the railing rests. These elements are important in ensuring safety, especially if small children live in the house: the distance between them should not exceed 18-20 cm, and close attention should be paid to the quality of fastening both during installation and during operation.

Ladder with your own hands. Video:

How to correctly calculate the dimensions of the stairs and its elements?

Before proceeding with the calculations, you need to get room height information, in which it is planned to install the stairs, the length of the wall to which the installation will be carried out, or the size of the area allocated for installation if the structure is located in the center of the room.

After that, it is necessary to calculate the angle of inclination, taking into account that it should be in the range from 30 to 50 °. The slope of 45 ° is considered optimal for residential buildings, although from the point of view of safety and convenience, the smaller the angle of inclination, the more comfortable stairs made of wood or other material.

It is not recommended to erect a steep structure, although it can be placed most compactly: in addition to being inconvenient and traumatic, this option can be chosen to climb to the attic or descend to basement where communications are located.

In direct connection with this parameter of the stairs are the size of the tread and the height of the riser: the smaller the angle of inclination, the wider the tread and the lower the risers.

Most comfortable stair steps, having a width of 220-300 mm and a height of the lower part from 150 to 200 mm.

How to count steps?

It is quite easy to determine the number of steps in a march: you need to divide the height of the room by the angle of inclination of the stairs, but the result must be an odd number, and in addition, you should not take more than 11 steps in one march.

In some cases, adjustment for the height of one step is allowed ( downward), but this can only be the first in the march, this rule does not apply to others.

An important criterion for the correct staircase is its width, which would allow easy and unhindered movement along it. It should be guided by the fact that at least 1 person must pass through it freely, which means that its width cannot be less than 800 mm, and preferably 1 m.

In the event that the dimensions of the room allow the construction of large wooden or metal stairs, then their width is determined already taking into account aesthetic expediency.

If you plan to purchase a finished structure, then it is quite easy to determine its convenience: for this you can use the following techniques:

• add the width of the tread and the height of the riser- their sum should be in the range of 43-47 cm;
• You can check this result with another formula: add the width of the tread to twice the height of the riser- if the result is 60-65 cm, then everything is fine.

But still, if you plan to purchase a finished structure, it is best to make it to order, taking into account individual characteristics the house in which it will be installed.

During design, attention is required and railings for stairs, which according to the norms should have a height of 90 to 120 cm. When choosing materials for stairs, it is also necessary to calculate the maximum load that the steps can withstand, as a rule, it should not be less than 300 kg.

Independent calculation of the stairs. Video:

How to make a staircase to the second floor?

If you plan to install spiral staircase, then experts recommend the purchase of a finished structure, the installation of which is not particularly difficult and is carried out as soon as possible.

The construction of a monolithic structure, under which even auxiliary premises of the house can be located, should be carried out simultaneously with the construction of the house, and it is better to entrust this work to specialists.

The most attractive option for self-construction are wooden stairs, which hold a leading position in popularity among private developers. In order to cope with the upcoming work at a decent level and without errors, you will first need to draw up detailed project indicating the exact dimensions of each element.

In this case, the most difficult and time-consuming is the manufacture of stringers, which requires special precision and special tools. Therefore, in some cases, preference is given to designs on a bowstring, although in terms of reliability they are somewhat inferior to the first.

It is important for stairs to choose only high-quality and dry wood 50 mm thick - for stringers or bowstrings, and 30-35 mm for steps, although a 20 mm board is also suitable for risers.

In some cases, elements can be made to increase the width of the tread bigger size- in this case, they will hang 1-2 cm above the lower step, but when processing such parts, Special attention pay attention to the corners, which must be rounded and carefully sanded.

Also, before assembling the stairs, it is desirable to treat all elements with antibacterial compounds and flame retardants. The final painting is best done in finished form, although it is acceptable before installation, but in this case care should be taken so as not to damage the surface.

The procedure for installing a wooden staircase

1. Installed first load-bearing elements: stringers or bowstrings, which should have several fixation points: on the floor, against the wall, floor slabs or other supporting structures of the house, depending on the location. To fix them, you can use reliable anchor bolts.

2. After installation, be sure to check with building level the accuracy of their installation and make adjustments if necessary.

Not only ease of use, but also reliability and durability of the stairs depend on this factor.

Complete the article with your comments , a photo and video .

For a long time, houses with one floor have become not very interesting for most people. In addition, the higher the number of storeys of the building, the more available free space where space can be organized in a variety of ways. But in order to make access to the upper floors more accessible, they do interesting options stairs to the second floor and above. Such products can not only be bought ready-made from certain suppliers, but also made by hand!

And if you decide to make a staircase with your own hands, create its individual designs. By the way, you can use the most different materials such as glass, metal, wood, stone and others. As a rule, the choice of design depends on the area of ​​​​space that can be allocated for the construction of stairs in a particular case.

Popular types of stairs

Quite often you can see mid-flight stairs, which are divided into certain types, based on what kind of structure will be erected. And so, the existing types:

• On stringers, for the manufacture of which concrete, metal, wood are used. For such structures, beams are used, attached one at a time to the base.
• On bowstrings, consisting of complex design. The steps are attached to the beam, or rather, to its inner side.
• On bolts, where steel or wood is used, and each part is interconnected with bolts.
• Screw version, consisting of a rack with steps and handrails. They are made from wood or metal.

Kosoura

This type is one of the most common and popular. They fit perfectly into a wide variety of rooms, because their dimensions can be varied if necessary. They are quite durable and safe. They come with or without risers. How you need to fix the steps depends on the number of beams used, attached to the base. They come in a single quantity, or there will be two of them.

As for the kosour, in such designs they can be of a broken type, screw or straight.

These designs come in a variety of configurations. Accordingly, you can even create unique option stairs, following the template you created.

For example, for a classic interior the best option will be stone, or wooden staircase, with the presence of risers.

And to make it more clear to you, we offer you to visually see how such structures will look like on a selection of photos of stairs in a private house.

Bowstrings

They are elegant, they can safely be called works of art. Especially they will be needed if it is important to emphasize your sense of style and taste.

The main features of these stairs are:

• Amazing view
• Ease of movement
• Structural complexity

The advantage of the products is that they are perfectly suited to classic interior, and modern. By the way, stairs are erected not only in individual houses but also in museums and other institutions. IN this case the steps are attached to the beam from its inner side.

Bolza

As a rule, steel or wood is used for their production. The elements are connected with bolts and pins. Such stairs are quite simple in terms of appearance And yes, they do weigh quite a bit. At the same time, they are able to withstand fairly large weight loads, as much as two hundred kilograms! This fact is explained by mounting the beam to the wall, floor, ceiling using metal rods.

Feet are open, closed, even some interesting shapes that only you will like. If necessary, such a ladder is easy to disassemble, repair, in fact, this is the main advantage of the product.

Spiral staircase options

They are also called spiral. They are quite popular for apartments / private houses. They are based on a stand, as well as steps with handrails. Most of all, they are suitable for slightly large rooms, and it is also interesting that they will help save free space.

Such stairs are divided into the following types:

• square shape
• 8 - coal
• Round

They are made from wood or metal. The design is unique in that the fastening is different on each side: on one side - to the central rack, on the other - to the wall.

Many people know or have heard that such constructions are quite common. Strictly speaking, there is nothing surprising in this, since wood is a reliable and durable material that has proven itself with best sides for many decades.

But in fact, wood is one of the most common materials for the production of stairs. So, the structure of structures is not particularly distinguishable from similar ones in other materials. And this is due to the fact that the design includes platforms, marks, steps with railings.

Marches are in the amount of 1-3 in the stairs to the 2nd floor. At the same time, it is the designs of 2 marches that remain common.

If we talk about how the steps are attached, the stairs are divided into the following types:

• 1-but - kosour, where one end of the step is attached to the wall, the 2nd directly to the kosour
• 2-x - stringers, where both sides of the steps are attached to stringers / bowstrings
• Without stringers, there is no fastening step along one edge at all, and the other end is attached to the wall.

If choose last way, it is important to consider that the brick must be at least one and a half pieces thick in order for the fastening to be sufficiently reliable.

In accordance with all known safety rules, stairs with more than two marches cannot be installed in private houses. So, the structures must be attached to the kosour / bowstring, in which it must first be thought out and provided high degree reliability. As for wood, its moisture level should not be more than twelve percent.

With kosoura stairs look much more aesthetically pleasing. But, in general, the design is weakened by cutouts in the feet, and they must be present on such a staircase. The design will be as safe as possible if a beam of large section is used.

By width wooden crafts cannot be less than 80 cm. This is explained, firstly, by convenience. In addition, moving is much more comfortable if the stairs are wider than narrow. But if we talk about the depth of the steps, then it should not be less than thirty centimeters, because you need to put your foot on it firmly and confidently enough. As a rule, the average height of steps is fifteen centimeters, but sometimes it is increased, depending on which manufacturer makes them.

Pros and cons of metal stairs

Their designs are very reliable, and if you compare them with wooden structures these are more durable. The same can be said about the withstand load, especially if the product is made very high quality. For apartments, this option is simply ideal, especially considering the level of strength and safety of products.

Thanks to modern technologies metal stairs can be customized to fit your own dimensions. And completely independent, you buy already ready product or make to order.

Often in apartments you can find structures made of solid metal, which is definitely inferior to the leadership positions of the options for combined stairs.

As a rule, metal is combined with materials such as:

• Plastic
• Wood
• Glass
• Stone

The ladder turns out to be more practical, and the design is lightweight. For example, the options for stairs are very interesting, where the frame is made of metal, and the steps are made of glass, plastic, wood.

If you use the combination method, making the stairs in own house, the metal structure will not burden the interior at all.

If speak about positive features stairs, these include:

• High degree of strength
• Long period of operation
• Possibility of combining straight lines with curved ones
• The offer of the most various forms on the market
• Acceptable pricing policy

The disadvantages include a rather laborious process, during which stairs are covered with special preparations for a protective purpose. Moreover, this is very important, and the occupation takes a lot of time and effort. But if the coating is poorly applied, corrosion of the metal will form in the future.

In addition, an important element is welding in the process of manufacturing stairs. Indeed, with the help of it, the design will be less safe, but with obligatory condition- correct and high-quality implementation. Nevertheless, it is still worth entrusting this task to specialists in this field, so as not to disturb the attractiveness from an aesthetic point of view.

For today metal constructions can be ordered by individual designs, as well as to make a prefabricated version of the product. Accordingly, both of these options are very different in cost, as well as duration. It all depends on the complexity, as well as the necessary components for the construction of the stairs.

As for the price range, the only thing we can say is that screw metal structures will cost less compared to metal ones, but only mid-flight structures.

How to decorate the stairs in the house to the 2nd floor?

In any building of several floors, a staircase is a must. If you do everything according to the rules, in accordance with technical standards, and talk about the possibility of making a design with their own hands, then everyone who has them can do it. The main thing is to know the rules in accordance with which they are made.

Of course, with the correct observance of the sequence of actions, the final result also depends, or rather, it will be successful or vice versa. Therefore, technical recommendations and a certain sequence should still be followed.

To date, an increasing number of people who own cottages, or multi-level apartments, prefer to design home stairs on their own. Moreover, in modern stores for this you can buy anything, absolutely any materials or tools. Well, as for designs, you can find very diverse offers on the global network.

In any case, when making a staircase with your own hands, you should first develop a project that will further affect the quality of the entire structure. It is very important to draw it up correctly, otherwise there is a big risk of errors popping up in the end, or even during operation.

In this matter, it is important to understand and take into account:

• Fastener types
• Configuration
• All necessary measurements, always accurate
• Materials/tools

First you make a frame, which should be strong enough. You will need concrete, metal or wood.

At the end, finishing work is carried out. So, if the staircase is made of wood, its surface should be treated with special composition, to prevent rotting. As for metal products, anti-corrosion agents are perfect here.

And in general, if you approach the issue of creating stairs with your own hands quite seriously and responsibly, it turns out that in fact there is nothing complicated here. Stock up on patience and desire, and your staircase will be the most charming!

Staircase to the second floor - 50 photo ideas