Although this is actually a little bit wrong. The concept of blood sugar refers to the only and main source of nutrition for organs and tissues of the body - glucose. When sugars enter the body, they are broken down to glucose under the influence of special substances in the intestine, and it enters the blood in pure form. Part of it is used for the energy needs of the body, and part is stored in the form of glucagon, which, at the slightest need, is split, turning into glucose.

Thus, it is glucose that is elevated in the blood, but the essence does not change from this. This is a sign, if not of a serious illness such as diabetes, then a prerequisite for its occurrence.

What is glucose in the blood for?

As mentioned above, glucose is the main nutrient substrate for our body. It is a monosaccharide - the end product of the breakdown of complex sugars in the digestive tract. It is glucose that participates in all energy exchange processes in our body.

The processes of glucose assimilation, its storage in the form of glycogen and its reverse transformation are in harmonious balance. It maintains a constant amount of it in the peripheral blood. Deviation from the norm - a failure of the regulatory system as a result of a disease.

How is it regulated

Increase glucose:

• adrenaline and norepinephrine - produced during stress and physical activity in the adrenal glands;
• glucagon - synthesized in the pancreas, sensitive to a decrease in glucose;
• glucocorticoids - also produced in the adrenal glands
• thyroid hormones;
• pituitary and hypothalamic hormones, which increase the production of thyroid and adrenal hormones, thereby increasing blood sugar.

Only one hormone lowers blood sugar - insulin, produced by the cells of the pancreas.

This is how it should be

In addition to hormones, normal blood sugar levels are regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which increases the level of glucose by the sympathetic part, while lowering it by the parasympathetic.

Physiological and pathological causes of hyperglycemia

Let's figure out when an increased rate may be the norm. This happens in the following cases:

• after meal;
• with nervous tension;
• with physical activity.

A short-term increase can be with:

• intense pain;
• burns;
• myocardial infarction or angina attack;
• after an epileptic seizure.

Long-term use of medications can increase blood sugar. Significant drugs that cause this are glucocorticoids, hormonal contraceptives, certain antihypertensive and psychotropic drugs, thiazide diuretics.

A persistent increase in glucose is observed with a serious metabolic disease - diabetes mellitus. Let's consider this point in a little more detail.

Diabetes mellitus, the reasons for its development

Actually, diabetes can be primary or secondary. Primary diabetes is two independent diseases - type 1 and type 2. Diabetes mellitus secondary develops in the presence of pathology in key organs, primarily in the pancreas (oncology, pancreatitis, cyst). This leads to partial or complete cessation of insulin production by the damaged organ. There are also diseases that lead to impaired carbohydrate metabolism by increasing the production of hormones that increase blood sugar levels. It is typical for pheochromacytoma, acromegaly, Itseko-Cushing's syndrome. Gestational diabetes during pregnancy is also worth mentioning.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a hereditary autoimmune disease. With it, the cells of the pancreas, which produce insulin, self-destruct, and sugar stops being absorbed. In addition, proteins and fats are intensively broken down, poisoning the body with metabolic products.

People with type 1 diabetes are forced to constantly inject themselves with insulin as therapy

Type II diabetes mellitus develops in a slightly different scenario. It is also a hereditary disease. Pancreatic cells secrete insulin, however, due to certain factors and diseases, the sensitivity of target cells to it decreases. Thus, blood sugar is elevated and a large amount of insulin is observed.

It is important to identify the disease at an early stage. Although initially the fasting blood sugar level can be within the normal range for quite a long time.

Risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus:

• obesity;
• alcohol abuse, especially low-quality and in large quantities;
• irrational nutrition with the use of a large amount of quickly digestible carbohydrates;
• smoking, both directly and by causing concomitant diseases;
• sedentary work and abandonment of sports;
• constant stress, both at work and at home;
• atherosclerotic and hypertension.

Eating so-called "fast food" increases the risk of diabetes tenfold

Detailed sugar analysis

To diagnose diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance, blood sugar is measured. When preparing for the delivery of the analysis, the following conditions must be met:

• On an empty stomach, and even the use of water is excluded;
• On the eve, it is necessary to eat as usual, using all those foods and eating regimen as always;
• Try to avoid stress and increased physical activity the day before, since both of them consume glucose at an increased rate and the analysis may turn out to be biased;
• It is advisable to avoid routine analysis during the period of an acute infectious disease, since the results may be unreliable.

Normal blood glucose readings are

• from a finger on an empty stomach 3.5 - 5.5 mmol / liter
• from a vein 4 - 6.0 mmol / liter

There are other units of measurement as well. Based on this, the sugar rate is from 60 to 100 mg / dl. To convert the analysis from mol / liter to milligram / milliliter, you need to multiply the result by 18.

The sugar level is constant. It is the same for both men and women.
Sugar may vary slightly during the day. For example, after a meal, the acceptable sugar can be up to 7.8 mmol / liter. And this will also be the norm. That is why it is initially necessary to donate blood for sugar on an empty stomach.

Interpretation of results

So, you donated blood for sugar and you see your result. If the sugar is less than 5.5 mmol / liter, everything is fine. If the sugar is from 5.5 to 6.5 mmol / liter, there is a problem that urgently needs to be addressed. Conditions in which blood sugar is elevated and diabetes has not yet developed are called impaired glucose tolerance. In addition, they require increased attention to themselves in order to prevent further progression and development of diabetes.

If the readings are higher than 6.5 mmol / liter, then most likely you already have diabetes mellitus. We urgently need to be examined and start complex treatment.
In addition, if you suspect diabetes and impaired tolerance, you must perform a blood sugar test with a glucose load and measure glycated hemoglobin.

Sugar Tests to Confirm Diabetes Mellitus

The following tests are used to confirm the diagnosis:

1. Re-blood sugar on an empty stomach.
2. Blood for glucose tolerance - you are given sugar dissolved in water to drink, after two hours a measurement is taken. In this case, it is necessary not to move, not eat or drink before the analysis. A result below 7.8 mmol / liter is considered the norm, from 7.8 to 11.1 mmol / liter - a violation of tolerance. In diabetes, this figure is higher than 11.1 mmol / liter.
3. Glycated hemoglobin is a blood indicator characterized by the fact that it shows a prolonged increase in blood sugar. Measured as a percentage. As a rule, it is included in the complex with a biochemical blood test, but, interestingly, it is not essential to take an analysis on an empty stomach. A score of 5.7 or less is considered good. If the glycated hemoglobin is more than 6.5%, it is most likely diabetes. Also, according to the result of this analysis in diabetics, one can judge whether the disease is compensated or not.

Pregnancy, children and glycemia

In the body of a pregnant woman, significant transformations take place to ensure nutrition and development of the fetus. Metabolism also changes. Blood sugar during pregnancy is slightly higher and ranges from 3.8 to 5.8 mmol / liter. It should be alarming if the indicator exceeds 6.0 mmol / liter. There is also gestational diabetes, usually between 26 and 28 weeks of gestation.

In children under the age of one year, the norm is 2.8-4.4 mmol / liter, up to five years old - 3.3-5.0 mmol / liter. At a later age - the same as in adults.

Self control

Diabetics and people with impaired tolerance need to monitor the indicators constantly, up to several times a day. For this, portable devices called blood glucose meters are used.

Glucometers from different manufacturers may have external differences, but the principle of working with them is the same, as is the equipment (puncture scarifier, test strip, the device itself and instructions)

To measure blood sugar with a glucometer, you must:

• take an analysis on an empty stomach;
• wash your hands with soap and water;
• treat the puncture site with an antiseptic, preferably; alcohol;
• it is better to make a puncture not in the center of the tip of the fingertip, but somewhat on the side;
• wipe the first drop with a sterile material (bandage or cotton wool);
• Apply the second drop to the test strip, after turning on the meter, following the instructions;
• view the result after the end of counting by the device.

What are the symptoms to suspect

Diabetic foot is characteristic of diabetes and develops as a result of tissue malnutrition with the formation of ulcers.

Classically high sugar manifests itself in the following main symptoms:

• thirst;
• increased urination (polyuria);
• increased appetite;
• weakness and fatigue;
• itching of the skin;
• leg cramps, often at night;
• frequent, poorly treatable infectious and inflammatory diseases;
• signs of lipid metabolism disorders in the form of yellowish plaques under the skin, hyperemia of the face and ears;
• trophic ulcers of the lower extremities.

Why high sugar is dangerous and its consequences

A prolonged increase in blood sugar levels has an extremely negative effect on the state of both the cardiovascular, nervous, and other body systems. Leads to a decrease in memory, intelligence, development and progression of vascular atherosclerosis. As a result, it leads to heart attack and stroke. The vessels of the kidneys are also affected, chronic renal failure develops against the background of diabetic nephropathy.
Diabetic polyneuropathy develops, tissue trophism is disturbed with the formation of ulcers, and later gangrene.

Patients with high blood sugar may develop depression of consciousness, up to coma.

How to lower sugar and prevent diabetes

Key postulates in the treatment of any type of diabetes:

• fighting obesity;
• rational nutrition with the complete exclusion of foods that are sources of easily digestible carbohydrates;
• categorical rejection of alcohol and cigarettes;
• flawless adherence to all doctor's recommendations.

Normalizing sugar is good motivation to lose weight

However, if sugar is elevated as a result of an illness, you will have to take medications designed to lower it (Diabeton, Metformin). In insulin-dependent diabetes, insulin replacement therapy is prescribed for life. For gestational diabetes, diet therapy is sufficient in most cases.

There are also proven folk remedies that can help lower blood sugar. For example, Jerusalem artichoke and garlic have a good effect. All vegetables are healthy except potatoes.

A good recipe for normalizing sugar is an infusion of brewed oat seeds. To do this, pour boiling water over them and insist for an hour. Drink the infusion several times a week during the day.

The main thing is to timely identify the violation in the body in order to prevent the development of diabetes. And if diabetes has developed, start treatment and insulin replacement therapy as early as possible before serious complications arise.

Patients with a newly diagnosed diabetes are sometimes not aware of the danger of high blood sugar, which is observed in this pathological process. It is useful to be as aware of this condition as possible, as a chronic disorder can cause many complications with unpredictable outcomes. Diabetes mellitus is usually considered not a disease, but a special way of life, which allows each patient to simply learn to live with it and correctly compensate for it.

The essence of pathology

The metabolic features of glucose utilization determine the clinical manifestations of diabetes, which, as a disease, is dangerous for its complications.

Blood sugar level as a clinical term refers to the direct amount of glucose in a particular internal environment of the body. When diabetes mellitus debuts as a disease, high glucose mediates all of its symptoms and manifestations.

For a long time, the patient may not notice a pathological disorder in his body, which leads to an acute condition and emergency delivery of a person to a hospital.

Only knowledge about the mechanisms of carbohydrate metabolism in the body helps to understand why a high glucose level is dangerous. This nutrient is the main source of energy for the body, but in order to get directly into the cell, it must undergo a number of metabolic processes.

Many foods consist of complex carbohydrates, which, under the influence of enzymes, must be converted into less complex sugars and, finally, glucose. But for its penetration into the cell, a special hormonal catalyst is needed - insulin.

Diabetes mellitus occurs when one of the pathological processes occurs:

1. Insulin deficiency occurs on the part of the pancreas.
2. The receptor apparatus of cells loses its sensitivity to glucose, a high level of a potential energy source is not utilized for the necessary purposes.

In each of the cases, a pathological condition occurs with a non-physiological blood sugar level for a person, which gives a characteristic clinical picture.

Critical numbers

Diabetes mellitus, when diagnosed, determines the need for constant monitoring of glucose in order to avoid conditions of high blood sugar. Its sharp onset is dangerous due to significant errors in nutrition with a predominance of fast carbohydrates.

The following facts have been established:

• most of all, the nervous system needs glucose for its normal functioning;
• in fact, no cell in the body can do without carbohydrates for more than 12 hours.

It is normal for blood sugar to rise after direct ingestion of food. Further, its enzymatic transformation and entry into cells occurs, which, through the adequate functioning of the receptor apparatus, report their energy needs. So, after a while, blood glucose returns to the recommended rate of 5.5-6 mmol / l.

High blood sugar persists if glucose does not enter cells for the reasons described above. The consequences of such free migration of the carbohydrate monomer can lead to complications of diabetes mellitus, which can go unnoticed for a long time and be detected at later stages of their development.

Prediabetes or impaired glucose tolerance is also accompanied by episodes of high sugar, which can also damage all systems and organs.

Major complications

Many diabetic patients have no idea what the high glycemia detected threatens. Naturally, such a condition cannot be ignored, since sugar will rise and not go away on its own for a long time.

Prolonged high glycemia with free migration of glucose damages the entire environment in which it moves. These free molecules are quite large, which causes damage to cells and tissues.

The combination of glucose with hemoglobin also has a negative effect on the body, as a result of which hypoxia increases.

Patients with diabetes under dispensary supervision are more likely to get sick with the following disorders:

• Infectious diseases, since high glycemia interferes with the main work of immunity factors.
• Sluggish healing of deep and superficial wounds due to weakened repair processes.
• The small bloodstream, which is located in the retina of the eye, kidneys, and nerve plexuses, suffers. Often, patients are treated with retinal detachment, chronic pyelonephritis or venous thrombosis, the cause of which is diabetes mellitus.

More critical conditions are also possible, which, in the absence of intensive care, are fatal:

1. These include hyperglycemic coma when the brain suffers from high sugar.
2. With prolonged free migration, glucose is fermented to toxic ketone bodies, which can paralyze the work of all organs with impaired consciousness.
3. Diabetic polyneuropathy in the absence of adequate compensation for diabetes leads to limb amputation and disability.

Thus, the level of glycemia must be constantly monitored so that new errors in the diet do not increase sugar to a critical level.

The drugs prescribed for a patient with diabetes by the attending physician must be constantly present in the patient, as well as a source of fast carbohydrates - chocolate candy or a slice of bread.

It is important to understand how dangerous high blood sugar is, because it is not for nothing that they say that sugar is a “sweet death”. First of all, it is necessary to monitor the glucose level in order not to comprehend diabetes mellitus, which is fraught with severe complications from the nervous, cardiovascular and visual systems. Prolonged excess of blood sugar levels leads to disruption of blood microcirculation through the smallest vessels, contributing to the failure of vital organs.

Causes of excess blood sugar

The blood sugar norm is 3.3-5.5 mmol / l. Such a figure should be in a healthy person who donated blood from a finger on an empty stomach, regardless of gender and age.

Most people believe that the rise in blood glucose is due solely to diabetes. However, this is not the case. Violation of carbohydrate metabolism can cause a number of conditions. The cause of the pathology may be:

• premenstrual syndrome;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• taking diuretics;
• eating food filled with simple carbohydrates;
• frequent use of alcoholic beverages;
• pregnancy;
• hormonal disorders;
• a tumor or injury to the brain;
• severe stress, depression or overexertion.

A high level of sugar in the blood indicates serious disturbances in the functioning of vital organs and systems. This primarily concerns the pancreas, liver and endocrine system. Their diffuse changes contribute to poor absorption and assimilation of glucose by cells, and this leads to the fact that blood sugar levels rise.

How does it manifest?

Sometimes the disease manifests itself as pain in the abdomen.

The severity of symptoms depends on the form of development of hyperglycemia. With a regularly elevated serum glucose level, the body gradually adapts and shows signs of pathology less clearly. When your blood sugar spikes (for example, after a lot of stress), the symptoms are more pronounced. High blood sugar manifests itself in the following symptoms:

• itchy skin;
• deterioration of vision;
• constant feeling of thirst;
• weight loss;
• an increase in the volume of urine excreted;
• frequent urination;
• pain in the abdomen;
• headache;
• dizziness;
• chronic weakness and fatigue.

Why is high level dangerous?

Chronic high blood glucose levels are a serious cause for concern, since metabolic disorders contribute to a decrease in immunity and a deterioration in the body's defenses. This gradually leads to problems with the heart, kidneys, eyesight and legs. Glucose is a powerful oxidizing agent that destroys the walls of blood vessels, disrupts the work of the heart muscle and promotes the formation of blood clots, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. The defeat of the nervous system affects the patient's legs: the sensitivity of the limbs decreases, they fester and heal poorly. In case of untimely treatment, tissue necrosis occurs - gangrene. Disruption of kidney function is possible when the organ filter becomes more permeable and allows useful substances to pass into the urine. For vision, high sugar is dangerous in the form of circulatory disorders in the eyeball, up to retinal hemorrhage.

If the blood glucose level is very high, then the patient is urgently hospitalized.

A very high glucose level, when blood sugar is 30 mmol per liter, requires urgent hospitalization of the patient, since there is a risk of developing a diabetic coma. During the day, a person's consciousness is disturbed, the heart rate increases, blood pressure decreases, abdominal pain and nausea appear, muscles relax. If insulin is not administered in a timely manner, loss of consciousness or even death is possible.

Content

The human body must have a sufficient amount of energy so that all metabolic processes take place in full, and the body can function. Glucose is its source, and high blood sugar becomes a symptom of an abnormality in which this substance becomes the cause of a pathological condition. The human body will function optimally only under normal conditions, if the sugar content is high or low, this will immediately have a detrimental effect on the patient's well-being.

What is the blood sugar rate

The analyzes indicate an indicator of glucose content, this parameter has a certain range in which it can fluctuate slightly during the day. The lowest value is noted in the morning, and the highest - after a meal, which lasts for a short period of time. High blood sugar is noted if it goes beyond the following normal indicators. This value differs for different groups of people. Normal indicators include the following numbers:

1. Adults (women and men) - 3.9-5 mmol, after meals no more than 5.5 mmol;
2. During pregnancy - 3.3-5.5 mmol;
3. Children under 1 year old - 2.8-4.4 mmol, in children over 1 year old, the norm corresponds to an adult;
4. Patients with diabetes mellitus - 5-7 mmol.

To check the glucose concentration, blood may be drawn from a finger or vein. There is a difference between sugar levels, so results will vary. The indicator of the norm may differ for this factor:

• capillary blood - 3.3-5.5 mmol;
• venous - 4-6.8 mmol.

What is high blood sugar

The pathology is called hyperglycemia, which is characterized by a high glucose content in the human body. The disease develops when the rate of production of this substance exceeds the rate of assimilation. This leads to serious disturbances in the metabolic processes of the body, the release of toxic products, and poisoning of the whole body. In the early stages, pathology does not harm a person, the norm is exceeded only slightly. Hyperglycemia often occurs against the background of diseases of the endocrine system: increased thyroid function, diabetes mellitus.

Symptoms

The characteristic signs of increased glucose do not appear immediately. In the early stages, the symptoms are very blurred and subtle, so the ability to start treatment on time is greatly reduced, it is necessary to be tested. If you notice one of the following manifestations of pathology:

1. Constant intense thirst. This is the main and main symptom of hyperglycemia, a person is constantly thirsty. This is due to the ability of glucose to draw water from the peripheral organs of tissues. With a sugar value of 10 mmol, it enters the urine and captures water molecules. This leads to frequent urination and dehydration.
2. Dry mouth is a consequence of the previous symptom.
3. Headache occurs when important electrolytes are excreted in water and dehydrated.
4. Itching, numbness, tingling of the fingers and toes.
5. Extremities cold to the touch, pain on movement. This symptom becomes a consequence of a violation of blood supply, microcirculation in the limbs.
6. Decreased vision.
7. Malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea or constipation), loss of appetite.
8. Weight gain due to insufficient insulin action
9. Development of nephropathy (kidney disease).

Among women

Most of the symptoms, if sugar is high, are the same in men and girls. There are also a number of signs that are more characteristic of a particular gender. These in women include:

• dry skin, it becomes rough and itchy;
• itching in the intimate area;
• hair loss, brittle nails;
• even small wounds do not heal well, there is a risk of developing pyoderma (purulent, inflammatory skin disease), a fungal infection is possible, blisters appear on the limbs;
• manifestation of neurodermatitis;
• nephropathy often occurs;
• allergic rashes on the surface of the skin.

In men

The clinical picture in the male half of the population is similar to the general signs of pathology. There are some differences that are specific to guys. The following symptoms are distinguished:

• severe itching in the anus, groin;
• the development of neuropathy, angiopathy leads to a violation of potency;
• the foreskin may become inflamed due to frequent urination;
• decreased performance, increased fatigue;
• low level of regeneration;
• arterial hypertension;
• constant weight gain.

Signs of high blood sugar

With early diagnosis of hyperglycemia, serious disturbances in the functioning of the body can be avoided. A person needs to adequately assess his condition and monitor any manifestations of the disease. The main signs of high sugar include the following manifestations:

• arrhythmia attacks;
• constantly thirsty, but the feeling of complete thirst quenching does not come;
• itchy skin;
• feeling of dry mouth;
• frequent urge to use the toilet, it hurts to urinate;
• fast fatiguability;
• legs and arms often go numb;
• there is a smell of acetone from the mouth;
• heavy, troubled breathing;
• wounds on the body do not heal for a long time.

Why does blood sugar rise?

The human body functions correctly if all systems fulfill their assigned tasks. The causes of an increase in blood sugar are usually associated with a malfunction in the production of hormones or the processing of substances. For example, in men, an increase in glucose is noted for the following reasons:

• while taking a large number of medications, even with the slightest discomfort;
• with an excess of the hormone that is responsible for human growth;
• with the development of Cushing's syndrome (an increase in the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, a malfunction of the brain);
• with the abuse of smoking, alcoholic beverages;
• after a heart attack, stroke;
• hard work;
• diabetes;
• failure of the liver;
• serious pathology of the intestine or stomach.

Among women

The rate of glucose in the blood of girls does not differ from that of men, but the reasons that cause an increase in sugar may differ. In addition to general physiological reasons for the female sex, provoking factors for the development of hyperglycemia are:

• strong excitement and frequent prolonged stress;
• tendency to abuse bakery products, sweets;
• PMS (premenstrual syndrome);
• malfunctions of the thyroid gland;
• diabetes;
• long-term use of contraceptives;
• pregnancy (sugar rises against the background of future motherhood);
• pathology of the intestinal tract, stomach.

The child has

The indicators of the norm in children, especially in newborns, differ from those in adults. Babies tend to have low values ​​and this is not a deviation in medical practice. If the norm is exceeded, the doctor prescribes additional examinations that determine glucose tolerance and an indicator of glycosylated hemoglobin. Cases of high blood sugar in children have become more common, which may be due to the tense situation in the family. Improper diet and hereditary predisposition. The most common causes of hyperglycemia are:

• flu, rubella;
• hereditary predisposition;
• introduction of cow's milk into the menu too early;
• nervous disorders (transmitted to infants from the mother);
• early introduction of cereals into nutrition;
• water high in nitrates.

Causes of a sharp rise in blood sugar

With some provoking factors, the glucose level rises very quickly. The main reason for this is the inability of insulin to supply it to cells for further processing into energy. An elevated blood glucose level can be triggered by the following factors:

1. Recent burns with severe pain.
2. Renal failure, other kidney pathologies.
3. Long-term pain syndrome caused by another disease.
4. Inflammatory process against the background of diseases of the endocrine system.
5. Diseases of the digestive tract, dysfunction of the pancreas.

Does blood sugar rise with excitement

The necessary control of the amount of glucose inside the vessels is carried out by the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, sympathetic nervous system, pancreas and adrenal glands. The amount of stress hormone during excitement depends on the level of the traumatic factor. Cortisol, norepinephrine, adrenaline come from the adrenal glands, they trigger sequentially metabolic, immune, cardiac and vascular reactions to mobilize the body's reserves.

Under stress, the main reason for the appearance of hyperglycemia is the accelerated process of glycogen breakdown and the formation of new glucose molecules by the liver, an increase in the amount of the hormone insulin and tissue resistance to it. This process causes stress glycemia, which disrupts the metabolism of carbohydrates in diabetes mellitus. They take part in the increase in sugar and free radicals, which are formed intensively during stress. They destroy insulin receptors, which causes a long-term disruption of metabolic processes.

What to do if your blood sugar is high

If untreated, this diagnosis can pose a threat to a person. It is necessary to take measures of therapy and prevention to lower the blood sugar level. It is important to determine the factors affecting the growth of glucose in the human body. What needs to be done will depend on the root cause of the pathology. Normalization is carried out using complex therapy, which includes the following areas:

1. Normalization of the diet is of great importance in the treatment of hyperglycemia.
2. Regular monitoring of glucose levels with home glucometers. A person should check the indicator several times a day.
3. Moderate physical activity.
4. Maintaining optimal weight, if necessary, you will need to lose weight.
5. Constant monitoring of blood pressure (arterial pressure), which should not exceed 130/80 mm Hg.
6. It is necessary to monitor the amount of cholesterol in the blood so that it does not exceed 4.5 mmol per liter.
7. Taking a course of medications to lower blood sugar levels. The drugs are selected depending on the degree of hyperglycemia; in mild cases, there are enough folk remedies and medicinal herbs.

Medications

The direction of treatment is selected depending on the degree of increase in blood glucose. When a patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, it is necessary to inject insulin subcutaneously. As a rule, a person will have to use it all his life, the patient gives injections to himself. You will also need a therapeutic diet to maintain the necessary sugar level. This type of diabetes is the most dangerous and will be treated for a lifetime.

If type 2 diabetes is diagnosed, you need to take special pills that lower glucose levels. As a rule, doctors prescribe the drugs Glucose and Siofor. Patients must be sure to follow the diet. This is a less dangerous type of diabetes, it is easier to treat if you start doing it on time. Among all drugs for lowering sugar, there are three main groups:

1. Secretagogues. These drugs help release insulin from the cells of the pancreas.
2. Sensitizers. Increase the sensitivity of specific peripheral tissues to insulin.
3. Alpha glucosidase inhibitors. This group of medicines interferes with the active absorption of insulin in a certain area of ​​the gastrointestinal tract.
4. The latest generation drugs have an active effect on adipose tissue, enhance the formation of endogenous insulin.

Diet

This is an important direction in the treatment of patients with high blood sugar. Nutritional adjustments are made to reduce the amount of foods that trigger an increase in blood glucose. The patient should eat at the same time, drink at least 2 liters of water per day. The total calorie content per day of food should not exceed 2300-2400 kcal. Below is a table of the diet, what should be included in it and what should be excluded:

Healthy eating	Prohibited foods
Vegetables in soups, baked or stewed form (except potatoes).	Puff pastry or pastry.
Up to 300 g of unleavened dough bakery products.	Fish and meat broths.
Sausages for diabetics. Stewed, boiled or steamed meat without oil.	Fatty fish and meat.
Liver, lean fish, boiled beef tongue.	Milk soups with rice or semolina.
Low-fat dairy products, no more than 2 eggs per day.
Beans, lentils, beans.	Canned meat, canned fish in oil, fish roe, smoked food.
Porridge on water and milk: barley, oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley, millet.	Cream, curd mass with granulated sugar.
Seafood.	Pasta.
Unsweetened berries, fruits and juices from them.	Pickles and pickled foods.
Fruit drinks, hibiscus, white tea, vegetable juices, weak tea and coffee.	Cakes, sweets and other sweet foods.
	Drinks with a high sugar content.
Creamy vegetable oil.	Sweet fruits: figs, dates, raisins, bananas, grapes.
You can use sweets: marshmallow, marshmallow, a little honey and marmalade.
Fish canned in its own juice.	Fatty, spicy sauces.

Physical exercises

Moderate exercise helps to lower blood sugar and has a preventive effect. Gymnastics, fitness, shaping normalize the body's metabolism, which is very important for people with diabetes. Sports can help improve your mood, which has a positive effect on high blood sugar levels. Exercise should be done to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes.

When choosing physical activity, preference should be given to cycling, swimming, walking. If you do not live on the ground floor, then go up the stairs home and refuse the elevator, volleyball, golf, tennis, aerobics, badminton perfectly improve metabolism. Moderate running and walking are considered to be most effective in treating high blood glucose. The best option would be outdoor activities.

ethnoscience

Homemade recipes work well with slightly higher sugar levels. It is necessary to increase the amount of vitamins, reduce the intake of simple carbohydrates. Herbal medicine will become an additional area of ​​treatment. Here are some recipes to help you lower your blood sugar:

1. You will need 2 pods of dried beans, 50 g of dried blueberries, 20 g of flax seeds. Take all the ingredients and pour a liter of boiling water. Wrap the container with a terry towel and leave for 5 hours. Pour the infusion into a glass jar or bottle and drink 05 glasses each before eating. The course of treatment is 14 days, then you need to rest the same amount and you can repeat the course.
2. You will need 50 g of oat and wheat grains, 20 g of rice straw. Pour the components with 1 liter of boiling water, boil the contents for another 15 minutes over low heat. Let the product infuse for 2 hours and drain the finished broth. Leave the medicine in a cool place. You need to take the product in 0.5 cups 15 minutes before meals for a week. Next, you need to take a break for 14 days and you can take the medicine again.
3. You will need 20 g of dried dandelion roots, 50 g of dried walnut leaves. Pour boiling water over the ingredients and wrap with a towel for 3 hours. Next, you need to strain the product and store it in a cool place. You need to take 1 tbsp. l. 6 times a day after meals. You can drink constantly until the patient's condition improves.

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Very high plasma levels can be fatal.

Norm

If the analysis was done from a vein, then the rate ranges from 4 to 6 mmol / liter. From a finger, the values ​​are slightly lower - from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / liter.

After eating, a reading of 7.8 mmol / liter is also considered normal. If, after the tests taken on an empty stomach, the glucose level reaches 6.5 mmol / liter, you should worry and consult a doctor, as this may be a signal of the onset of diabetes.

Tests should be done on an empty stomach, on the eve of excessive physical exertion and stressful situations, as this can distort the results.

20-30 units

At rates from 20 to 30 and above, loss of consciousness occurs, convulsions occur, and a diabetic coma develops. The risk of death of the patient is high.

Causes of high glucose levels

It's not just diabetes that leads to an increase in plasma glucose. The reasons for this phenomenon may be due.

Physiological

If the patient is not delivered, then glucose may rise due to:

• abuse of food rich in complex;
• absence;
• abuse;
• frequent being in a stressful situation.

In women, sugar jumps before the menstrual cycle.

Pathological

The human endocrine system, when it malfunctions, reacts with poor absorption of glucose.

Changes in the activity of the liver lead to a rise in the substance in the blood.

The abuse of diuretics and the constant use of hormones, contraceptives can cause an increase. Pregnant women are affected.

Dangerous diseases that may be indicated by an increase in sugar

An increase in plasma glucose is a signal of the presence of endocrine diseases, kidney or liver health problems, and pancreas. A timely diagnosed problem will help to avoid and.

Diabetes

Diabetes is among the main causes of high blood sugar. The disease is dangerous for blood vessels.

Their defeat leads to blindness. Violation of blood supply affects erectile function, kidney function.

Diabetics suffer from respiratory ailments and heart disease.

Pancreatic pathology

At risk are patients diagnosed with or pancreatic cancer, since it is she who is responsible for the supply of the hormone insulin.

Hyperthyroidism

Lead a healthy lifestyle

In the normalization of plasma glucose indicators, the dosage plays an important role, which is selected depending on the patient's condition.

An active lifestyle can help combat obesity and strengthen muscles. The regularity of classes is 30 minutes daily.

Patients need to walk in the fresh air, walk up the stairs, and do water aerobics.

To eat healthy food

In nutrition, it is important to adhere to the rule of choosing foods with low. These include:

• tofu;
• some: lobsters, crabs;
• :, bell pepper,;
• greens and lettuce;
• , spinach;
• some types (,