Plastering gives the walls an aesthetic appearance. This is one of the most labor-intensive and expensive stages of work, without which it is impossible to provide high-quality premises. Those who like to do everything on their own and want to learn how to level walls need to know the technique and some rules.

Why do you need to plaster the walls in your apartment?

What does plastering walls give:

• Levels the surface and eliminates defects.
• Increases the strength of walls.
• Protects from excess moisture.
• Improves insulating qualities.

What are the application methods for beginners: options for how to quickly plaster

Apply in three layers in the following order:

1. "Splash" or "splatter".

It is formed by throwing mortar onto the wall in order to fill all uneven areas and voids, as well as improve adhesion between the wall and the finishing layer of mortar.

1. Application of primer.

Apply for leveling after the first coat has partially dried. Apply in several layers until the desired thickness is formed. Everything is carefully leveled.

1. "Covering"

Finish plaster allows you to get a perfectly smooth surface. Can serve as the last step before wallpapering or puttying.

After the last layer has set, you can grout, which will remove all unevenness and roughness, allowing you to get a smooth and even surface.

How to properly learn how to plaster at home with your own hands: detailed complete instructions for a beginner

Plastering walls is the basis of repairs, therefore this process need to pay special attention.

What material and tools are needed for plastering at different stages?

For plastering on our own You will need a number of tools and materials:

• spatulas of various widths;
• trowel for applying the solution;
• rule for alignment;
• Phillips screwdriver;
• two-meter bubble level;
• wide;
• scraper for cleaning walls;
• construction mixer or hammer drill for making mortar;
• beacons 3-9 mm;
• large container for mixing the solution;
• metal scissors for cutting beacons;
• steel ironed;
• plaster mixture;
• gloves to protect hands;
• plumb line;
• roulette;
• dowels, hammer drills, wood screws.

What mixture is best to do the work: the better

Types of mixtures and their characteristics:

1. Cement

Very durable. Requires additional coating with putty. Can be used both externally and interior work Oh.

1. Limestone

Easy to apply, soft and elastic, also requires additional putty. Used for interior finishing.

1. Acrylic, silicone and silicate

To be used for application only thin layer. Gives perfect evenness. Can be used in damp areas.

1. Plaster

The most common. Allows you to level with a thick layer and does not crack. After applying this mixture, the surface is even and smooth. Plastic, easy to work with. It is economical because it does not require the use of reinforcing mesh when finishing smooth surfaces. Has low sound and thermal conductivity. It is not advisable to use in damp areas or outdoors.

Sequence of preparatory work

The first step is to clean the walls from traces of the previous finish, dust and dirt.

Depending on the type of base, for better adhesion of the mixture to the surface, you need to prepare the walls as follows:

• On the surface concrete covering You need to make shallow cuts with a hammer and a serrated tooth and treat them with the “Betonokontakt” soil mixture.
• Attach a mesh netting or shingles to wooden walls, which is made by stuffing thin slats diagonally.
• In a brick wall, recesses are made between the bricks.

It is advisable to moisten wooden and brick bases with water before plastering.

Porous surfaces should be treated. You can proceed to plastering only after it has dried.

How to apply plaster evenly

Thin the plaster according to the instructions on the package.

To apply the first layer, the consistency of the mixture should be thicker than sour cream. It is sketched with a trowel using sharp movements of the brush along the plane of the wall. The applied plaster is leveled with a trowel. Beginners can use a simplified method - make the solution more liquid and “shed it on the walls.”

After the initial layer has dried, you can begin applying the next one.

Prepare the solution to a dough-like consistency. When throwing it on the wall, you need to fill all the voids and depressions, level the surface as much as possible and create the desired layer thickness. When working, the rule is to direct from bottom to top and distribute the solution evenly. Then, running a trowel up and down along the surface, achieve complete leveling of the wall. Let dry thoroughly.

To hide all the flaws and shortcomings of the previous layers, use the finishing layer “Covering”.

Before mixing, sift all ingredients to avoid the appearance of lumps. Moisten the wall with water and apply the mixture in a thin layer using a trowel.

When finished, smooth the surface using a trowel in a circular motion.

Without waiting for it to dry, you can move on to grouting. To do this, press the trowel firmly against the wall and, making circular movements, rub the surface, cutting off all bulges and smoothing out irregularities.

Self-application finishing technology

After laying the main layers of plaster, the surface is rough and grainy; therefore, in order to obtain an even background, it is necessary to apply a finishing putty.

You can purchase it ready-made, or you can buy a dry mixture and carry out the mixing process yourself, according to the instructions on the package.

Before puttying, the wall must be well moistened; this is done in order to remove dirt and improve the penetration of the mixture into the pores of the surface.

Using a narrow spatula, apply a small amount of the mixture to the edge of a wide spatula. Then spread the putty over the wall using vertical and cross-shaped movements. It is recommended to start pulling the mixture from the corner.

The spatula blade must be clean to avoid streaking.

To level the putty, a spatula is applied at a slight angle to the beginning of the area and passed along the surface with little force.

The thickness of the layer depends on the angle of inclination of the spatula; the more you tilt it towards the wall, the thicker the layer will be.

After the solution has hardened, it is necessary to grind sandpaper.

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Procedure for rough processing

For work it is better to use . First you need to clean the surface to be treated with a wire brush, deepen the masonry seams, and remove dust. To reduce the absorption of bricks and improve adhesion, coat the wall with a deep penetration primer.

To prevent cracks from forming when the house shrinks, you need to use a reinforcing mesh made of plastic. It can be laid in two ways:

1. Attach with hooks that are driven into the masonry seams.
2. Spray the solution onto the wall and press the mesh into it.

Then set the beacons and mix the solution. For the first layer, the solution should resemble liquid sour cream in consistency; for the second application, mix a thicker one.

1st layer: moisten the wall with water, spray a 5mm solution, lightly level it. Let dry.

2nd layer: throw the mixture onto the wall. Pressing the rule against the beacons and moving from bottom to top, level the surface. Add solution to the resulting voids and level again. Smooth with a trowel.

A simple way to apply plaster to cracks

Sealing cracks in a brick wall can be done using gypsum mortar in several stages:

1. Clean the crack from dust and debris, wash the edges with a damp sponge.
2. Dilute the gypsum mixture.
3. Using a spatula, fill the space with the solution.
4. After drying, smooth out any uneven surfaces with sandpaper.

Rules for placing beacons

It is better for beginners to carry out plastering work.

• Drive in a dowel in the upper left corner of the wall, but not all the way: between the head and the wall there should be a distance equal to the thickness of the planned layer of plaster.
• Using a plumb line, set the diagonal and drive in the second dowel at the bottom.
• Repeat the procedure in the right corner of the same wall.
• Pull the threads between the top, bottom, and then the opposite bottom and top dowels.
• Place the thick solution along the entire length of the proposed lighthouse.
• Using a rule and a level, press the beacon into the solution 1 mm below the thread level.
• Mount the remaining beacons.

How to carry out work on foam concrete

Plastering foam blocks occurs in the following order:

• Clean walls and joints with a wire brush.
• Coat with a primer for foam blocks.
• Knead the mixture, strictly following the recipe.
• Starting from the bottom, apply the first layer of plaster.
• Let it dry slightly, press in the mesh for reinforcement and secure with dowels.
• Apply the next layer of plaster and leave until completely dry.
• Cover with a thin finishing layer.

Plastering the walls in an apartment on your own is a completely doable task even for people who have no experience in construction. The main thing is to have the desire, and you can learn anything.

Useful video

Gypsum-based plasters are used to level walls in residential premises. Surfaces prepared in this way are best suited for painting or wallpapering. We’ll talk about how to apply such plaster on a wall with your own hands in this article.

Properties and scope of application of gypsum plaster

Gypsum solution allows you to create a flat and smooth surface

Gypsum plaster can be applied to: concrete, foam concrete, brickwork, plaster walls and ceilings, cement-sand bases, as well as other surfaces that are not prone to deformation under the influence of moisture.

Gypsum compositions have many positive qualities:

1. They allow you to get a very even and smooth surface, which is especially important if the walls will subsequently be painted or covered with thin wallpaper.
2. Gypsum plasters have economical consumption, and working with them is simple, fast and convenient.
3. Due to its low thermal conductivity, this material acts as an additional insulation for walls.
4. Gypsum is able to absorb excess moisture from the air and release it when the room becomes too dry. Thanks to this property, gypsum-based plaster constantly maintains an optimal microclimate in the room.
5. All components included in the material are hygienic and environmentally friendly, do not cause allergic reactions, and do not have an unpleasant odor.
6. The fire safety of gypsum is another of its undeniable advantages.
7. You can safely drive nails or screw dowels into the surface finished with gypsum.

There are not many disadvantages of gypsum mixtures; the main disadvantage can be considered good hygroscopicity. This quality does not allow the use of plaster for finishing the facades of buildings or rooms with permanent high level humidity. However, the scope of application of such material is quite wide. Gypsum-based plaster is used to decorate walls, partitions and ceilings in bedrooms, kitchens, halls, hallways and other rooms of residential buildings. This material can also be found in commercial buildings: offices, shops, shopping centers, banks, hairdressers, etc.

Rules for preparing the solution

Gypsum plaster is stirred with a construction mixer or a drill with an attachment.

The process of preparing the solution is quite simple:

1. Take a deep container and fill it clean water. The amount of liquid is determined at the rate of 500-700 ml per 1 kg of dry gypsum powder.
2. Pour the plaster mixture into the container and mix the mixture with a construction mixer or a drill with a special attachment. If you do not have such devices, try to thoroughly mix the ingredients by hand.
3. Leave the plaster for 5 minutes until it becomes homogeneous, and then mix well again.

The finished solution can be applied to walls. It will retain its properties for the next half hour, after which it will begin to harden. It is unacceptable to dilute it with water or add any foreign components to the mixture..

Subtleties of working with gypsum composition, surface preparation

Working with gypsum plaster is easier than cement plaster. Gypsum mortar has good elasticity and is applied to the wall easier and faster. Temperature environment in this case it should not be lower than +5 °C and not higher than +30 °C.

The gypsum solution should be used up within the first 30 minutes after its preparation, so you need to dilute the dry powder with water in such an amount that you can use at a time.

The surface to be covered with plaster must be pre-prepared. This means that it must be clean, smooth, and free of deep cracks, sagging mortar, and remnants of the previous coating. All staples, nails, bolts, hooks and other protruding elements should be removed. If some metal parts cannot be removed, they must be treated with an anti-corrosion coating. It is better to cover up too deep depressions and cracks first cement plaster or putty. Before starting plastering work, it is advisable to cover the base with a layer of primer.

Surfaces with a porous structure and good hygroscopicity must be especially carefully primed, applying the composition several times. Such surfaces include: brick, cinder blocks, foam concrete, aerated concrete, cement-lime plaster.

How to plaster a wall correctly

Surface leveling using beacons

Beacons are often used when plastering walls in order to control the thickness of the applied layer and the evenness of the finish. To plaster the surface in this way, prepare the following tools:

• two building codes of different lengths;
• trowel;
• building level;
• metal spatula;
• containers for primer and plaster mortar;
• construction mixer or drill with an attachment;
• pencil;
• paintbrush;
• grater;
• hacksaw for metal;
• hammer;
• perforator;
• galvanized beacons and fasteners for their installation.

The process of applying gypsum mortar using beacons can be described sequentially:

1. In order for the plaster to adhere well to the base, and the surface to be strong and smooth after drying, the wall must first be cleaned of all contaminants: paint, oil stains, fragments of the previous finish, construction dust, mortar deposits, etc. The easiest way to remove small particles is with a wide brush. The solution and fragments of old plaster are removed with a hammer, grease and oil stains are wiped off with a solvent.
2. After this, the working base is treated with a deep penetration primer and allowed to dry completely.
3. When the surface is prepared, begin kneading. gypsum plaster. Then beacons are placed on the wall, securing them level so that the thickness of the plaster layer is as small as possible. Before installing beacons, markings are made on the surface. In the marked places, throw a little mortar onto the wall and embed the beacons in it, guided by the level. The step between the beacons should be 30-50 cm - the smaller this distance is, the easier it will be to finish the wall with plaster. In any case, the step between the beacons should not exceed the length of the building regulations.
4. Using the beacons as a guide, plaster mortar is poured onto the wall and leveled in an even layer. For this work they useh-rule. Excess mixture is removed or used to fill bald spots.
5. The plaster is allowed to dry a little, after which the surface is leveled with a rule-cutter. After about 30 minutes, do a test trim. If the rule doesn't clear top layer plaster, and the rest of the mortar clings to it, the wall is left to dry for a few more minutes. Please note that in this case it is also not worth overexposing the plaster.
6. After 2 hours, when the plaster has set well, the wall is puttied. To do this, first moisten it with a spray bottle and wait until the water is absorbed into the plaster. As soon as the shine disappears from the surface, the wall is rubbed down with a special grater. The water with which the base was moistened turns the top layer of plaster into gypsum milk. This milk is distributed with a grater over the wall, filling up the smallest irregularities.
7. After this, the wall is smoothed well again with a wide spatula or a special trowel. If you need to make the surface glossy, the next day it is moistened again with a spray bottle and polished with a spatula until the desired effect is achieved.

The dried gypsum surface is ready for finishing - for example, painting or wallpapering.

Video: plastering walls with gypsum mixture

Applying plaster without beacons

A broad building rule allows you to make the layer of mortar on the wall even and smooth

Gypsum plaster can be applied to the wall without the use of beacons.

First you need to prepare the following tools:

• building rule more than 2.5 cm wide;
• wide and narrow spatulas;
• paint brush for applying primer;
• a construction mixer or drill equipped with a special attachment;
• deep container for mixing plaster mortar.

We will describe the process of plastering walls without using beacons in stages:

1. As in the previous case, the working base is pre-prepared by cleaning it from dirt, knocking down old layers of finishing and removing all unnecessary elements. Then the surface is coated with a deep penetration primer.
2. With the help of building rules, those irregularities are found on the wall that will subsequently need to be repaired. Such places are outlined with a pencil.
3. After this, prepare the plaster solution using a drill or mixer. The thicker the coating layer, the smaller the amount of mixture that needs to be done at a time, since the unprocessed mass hardens quickly.
4. Gypsum plaster is applied to the walls with a spatula, the width of which is at least 45 cm. The solution is spread on a wide spatula with a narrower, 8-centimeter tool. The plaster is applied with a slight excess, going beyond the boundaries marked with a pencil. Having treated a small section of the wall, it is smoothed using building rules, removing excess mortar. After this, they begin plastering the next fragment. At this stage the wall is not brought to perfect condition, and level differences can vary within a few millimeters.
5. After applying the plaster, the wall is allowed to dry for about 30 minutes, and then the resulting irregularities are cut off using building rules. The transition areas of the layers are additionally rubbed with a liquid gypsum mixture.
6. The room with plastered walls is left for a day so that the plaster is completely dry. After this, the surface is cleaned again with a spatula or a special trowel, then a layer of deep penetration primer is applied and allowed to dry.

Before you start finishing The wall is puttied, filling up small irregularities on it. When the putty dries, the surface is ready for painting, wallpapering or other types of finishing.

Gypsum plaster is well suited for leveling walls in rooms with low humidity. It is not difficult to carry out work on finishing the surface with such material yourself, using one of the two methods described above.

Do-it-yourself decorative plaster is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. Wall decoration with decorative plaster is now gaining great popularity. This option has become a serious competitor to conventional wallpaper when carrying out repairs. There are different types plaster for interior decoration premises. The main difference is the texture and method of application.

Species decorative plaster may be as follows:

• structural, which contains inclusions of a certain size;
• textured, which allows you to form a smooth relief surface;
• Venetian, imitating marble.

Before applying decorative plaster, you need to carefully study the features of each option and application technology.

Structural

Methods for applying decorative plaster to obtain a structure involve the use of heterogeneous granular compositions. A type of material is obtained by adding small pebbles, quartz fragments, wood fibers, etc. to the plaster. The finishing material is made from cement and limestone. Synthetic latexes or silicates are also added to the composition. It is better to select the composition from ready-made mixtures. This is the only way to achieve good results. When mixing components yourself good result not guaranteed .

To prepare high-quality plaster, it is better to use ready-made mixtures

Finishing walls with textured plaster is easier if you use compositions based on aqueous solvents. This is due to the fact that before applying decorative plaster with your own hands, you will not have to “evacuate” the apartment’s residents. The water-based material does not have a strong odor.

Finishing walls with plaster of this type is easy. This is due to the high ductility of the material and its obedience during operation. The technology for applying decorative plaster is simple and convenient. The work can be completed immediately. There is no need to prepare the mixture, since it is sold already in liquid form in jars or buckets.

Using decorative plaster you can create any structure different shades

The application technique is as follows:

• You need to prepare materials and tools for decorative plaster. For the structural composition you will need a roller, trowel or spatula.
• Before laying decorative plaster, you need to prepare the surface. A perfectly flat base is not necessary. The thickness of the plaster layer and its structure can hide minor defects. First, the surface is cleaned of dirt, dust and grease. After this, the bulges are knocked down and large cracks and potholes are covered.
• A clean and dry base is strengthened with a primer. With it, decorative paints and plasters will adhere better to the surface. This layer also prevents the exchange of moisture between the base and the finishing material. You can begin applying decorative plaster yourself only after the wall primer has completely dried.
• The principle of execution suitable for work for all compositions: mineral, silicone or silicate based. Plastering is carried out using a trowel or spatula in one layer. The coating is applied to the wall using circular or linear movements.
• After application, the layer must be allowed to dry. At the same time, it is necessary to control that the room maintains a constant temperature and humidity, and that there are no drafts. Failure to comply with these rules can lead to deterioration in the quality of the decorative layer and the appearance of cracks.

To apply the composition and create a structure, use a roller or spatula

Do-it-yourself structural decorative plaster of walls is perfect for finishing common areas, for example, an entrance hall, a kitchen or a corridor. In some interiors, it can harmoniously fit into the space of a bedroom or living room.

Before starting work, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions. It indicates more specific technique application and how to use the material correctly.

Textured

The method of applying decorative plaster with your own hands allows you to obtain an original texture. The boundary between textured and structural plasters is drawn rather arbitrarily. Methods for applying the composition in question make it possible to obtain complex options. For example, imitation wood, crinkled paper, natural stone.

Imitation stone

This option is suitable for almost any room. Making decorative plaster of a textured type allows you to support any design.

Most often, lime flour is added to the composition as the main ingredient. But you can also find polymer-based plasters. Polymers improve performance characteristics. This composition does not crack when dried. In work, polymers allow you to create a more relief and interesting pattern.

The finishing properties largely depend on the fillers. Fibers are introduced into the textured solution different materials, granite or marble chips. The consumption of decorative plaster largely depends on the complexity of the chosen pattern.

Textured plaster can be selected to suit any design

How to apply textured decorative plaster:

• Before applying the solution correctly, you will need to prepare the base. Inner surface is processed in almost the same way in all cases. Here the requirements are the same as for the structural composition: absence of contamination and severe unevenness.
• Before working with decorative plaster, you need to coat the wall with a primer. This layer should be allowed to dry.
• After the primer, a base paint is used, which is applied with a brush. There are compositions on sale that combine two functions: a primer and a substrate. They are worth buying to reduce time costs and simplify the process.
• Decorative wall plaster, the application technology of which involves the use of a spatula, trowel or brush, is laid in 1-2 layers. The thickness depends on the complexity of the terrain. The more interesting it is, the more solution will be required. It is not recommended to apply a layer thicker than 20 mm at a time.
• A master class on decorative plaster is worth completing finishing layer. Transparent paints, which are also called glaze paints, are used as such a composition. They not only protect the surface, but also give it a pleasant pearlescent shine. Options for applying decorative plaster can also consider using paint, impregnation or special wax as a final layer.

Preparing the wall

Creating relief using film overlay

Creating relief with film prints

Decorative plaster, the pros and cons of which should be read separately, will give the premises a complete and unique look. The advantage of this composition is its high plasticity and the ability to give the finished surface a rather complex texture. But the coin also has a downside: the difficulty of application. Getting an original drawing is not so easy. You may first need to take a master class on applying decorative plaster from an experienced craftsman.

This will help you understand how to properly and efficiently plaster brick walls inside the house and surfaces made of other materials.

Venetian

This type of decorative plaster for interior work allows you to create an imitation of marble. The texture turns out very beautiful. The material is perfect for almost any room.

Imitation marble

The composition is sold in ready-made liquid form. The weight of a can or bucket usually ranges from 7 to 25 kg. The plaster contains marble flour and slaked lime. An aqueous emulsion is used, which avoids unpleasant odor when applied.

Before plastering brick walls, you will need to level them. Decorative plaster can be applied to the walls only after the base is perfect. This type of material does not tolerate shortcomings. This is the difficulty of working with Venetian plaster.

If necessary, the solution can be painted in any color. With this plaster you can create amazing mosaics or entire paintings with your own hands. The advantages also include environmental friendliness and safety. The composition is suitable even for the bedroom. The surface is fireproof and wear-resistant. After application, the layer dries quite quickly.

Venetian plaster allows you to finish the walls like marble

Training in decorative techniques may look like this:

• First you should prepare the materials and tools for applying decorative plaster. Here you will need a medium-sized spatula and sandpaper with very small particles.
• After cleaning the surface, begin leveling the base. It must be perfect. First of all, get rid of chips. After this, you need to smooth out the cracks and depressions using cement-sand mortar or putty. To eliminate defects as much as possible, apply a leveling layer of Portland cement-based plaster. The thickness of the layer is determined depending on the severity of base defects. On average, 20 mm will be enough. Evenness is controlled using the beacon rule. To do this, before starting work, special strips with a certain pitch are installed on the wall. Another option for leveling is plasterboard sheets.
• The leveling layer must be allowed to dry. After this, you can apply the primer. She will allow finishing material It's better to grab the wall.
• Venetian plaster is tinted before application. After this, take a spatula and begin to apply the mass to the base with thin strokes. The entire surface must be treated. If necessary, the solution is applied in several layers. The maximum thickness per application cannot exceed 12 mm.
• After application, allow time to dry. It is important to control the temperature and humidity conditions. It is recommended to close doors and windows to prevent drafts. Violating this rule will result in cracks appearing on the surface when drying.
• When the surface is dry, begin cleaning. To do this you will need sandpaper. The work is performed in a circular motion. Everything should be done very carefully.
• The last stage is protection. The finished layer must be coated with special white wax in one layer.

The Venetian plaster finishing technique involves applying the mass in small strokes

Which one is better?

There is no exact answer to this answer. Each case must be considered separately. In one case, the plaster will be better structural, and in the other, textured. The choice should be made depending on the interior of the room. But it is worth taking into account the experience of the master and his skill. Before choosing decorative plaster, you need to objectively assess your capabilities. For example, an option such as Venetian coating is not for everyone.

Creating the texture of marble chips

Application to ceilings

When renovating your home, you need to take care of more than just the walls. Carrying out work on the ceiling is more labor intensive. Here you will have to constantly raise your head, which can be very tiring. The general principle is practically no different from the technology for walls.

The thickness of the plaster layer on the ceiling is 5 mm

There is only one difference. If on the wall the maximum layer thickness for a structural and textured mixture is 20 mm, then on the ceiling it is reduced to 5 mm. To level the base, it is recommended to use drywall rather than special compounds.

The surface must first be cleaned of dirt, dust, old wallpaper, oil stains and other deposits that can affect the adhesion (adhesion) between the plaster and the treated area.

• The wallpaper is generously moistened with a wide paint brush and peeled off with a spatula.
• old paint removed with a scraper or burned using blowtorch. A steel brush and abrasive paper can also be used to clean the base.
• Heavily contaminated areas are washed using alkaline detergent. Then the surface is washed cold water.
• Grease stains are treated with a solvent or removed mechanically.
• Metal parts are cleaned of rust and treated special compounds for protection against corrosion.
• The beads are cut down using a chisel or a double-pointed hammer.
• On final stage the surface is either dust-free compressed air, or treated with sandpaper and then wiped with a rag.

Before you start plastering, make sure that the surface is sufficiently smooth, stable (does not crumble if scraped with a sharp object) and does not wobble anywhere. Examine the base, make sure there are no chips or cracks on it, tap the surface with a mallet. Seal the seams so that they do not stand out, then clean the sealed areas, smooth them with finishing putty and treat them with an alkaline solution.

Padding

Before plastering, the surface must be primed. Applying a primer improves the adhesion of the coating to the base, promotes uniform distribution of the solution, ensures high-quality dust removal, and helps prevent the development of fungus and mold.

The primer is applied to the surface with a roller or brush in 1-2 layers. When treating intensely absorbent surfaces (foam concrete, aerated concrete, gas silicate), the number of layers should be increased.

Reinforcing mesh and shingles

The plaster mesh ensures retention of the coating on the wall, increases its mechanical strength, and prevents the formation of cracks. Its use is especially relevant when plastering ceilings, block and brick walls, as well as with a large thickness of the plaster layer.

When the thickness of the plaster layer is less than 3 cm, a mesh of synthetic or glass fibers is used, which is aimed at the base using a construction stapler. If the thickness of the plaster layer exceeds 3 cm, it is recommended to install metal mesh with anti-corrosion coating, fixed to the wall with self-tapping screws.

The shingles are used for plastering wooden walls. It consists of narrow thin strips made of wood coniferous species, which are stuffed crosswise onto the base at an angle of 45 degrees so that they form cells of the same size (40*40 cm for the ceiling and 45*45 cm for the walls). To increase the strength of the plaster layer, insulation and improve sound insulation, fibreboards, matting, felt and other materials are placed under the shingles.

Alignment by beacons

Beacon plaster allows you to create a smooth and even surface that looks like a solid slab. Strips of hardened plaster applied to the wall can be used as beacons, aluminum structures, thin wooden blocks and even drywall scraps. The simplest and convenient option– use of metal (aluminum) beacons.

Beacon installation technology

Drill a hole in the corner of the wall, 10 cm away from the other wall and from the ceiling. Insert a self-tapping screw into the hole. Using a plumb line, draw a vertical line from this point. Repeat the operation, stepping back from the first line (the distance between the lines should be 20-30 cm less than the length of the rule). Mark the entire wall this way.

Throw plaster along the outermost marking line. Attach the beacon to the plaster, level its position using a level, make sure that it is level vertically and horizontally. Repeat the operation, installing the outermost beacon on the other side.

At the top and bottom of the wall, stretch the cords between the beacons, placing them horizontally parallel to each other.

Throw plaster at the locations of the intermediate beacons. Install the beacons and align their position with the cords.

Upon completion of the plastering work (after the solution has completely dried), the beacons can be removed and the remaining holes can be sealed plaster mortar. Some craftsmen prefer to leave beacons in the wall.

To work you will need a falcon, a spatula or trowel, a grater, a grater and a rule.

Choose a composition taking into account the characteristics of the surface. For curved walls with broken geometry, coarse-grained plaster is suitable, allowing you to smooth out unevenness and large defects.

A reinforcing mesh is pre-glued onto the block or brick base to prevent cracking of the plaster. The thickness of the plaster must be at least 5 mm, otherwise the masonry seams will be visible through it.

A smooth concrete wall can be plastered in one layer using fine-grained (finishing) plaster. Layer thickness is about 5 mm. For better adhesion, the surface is pre-primed with concrete contact.

In order for the coating to be of high quality and durable, several rules must be followed:

• Plastering must be performed at temperatures from +5 to +30 ºС. In the cold season like this temperature regime indoors should be installed in advance (so that the base has time to warm up) and stored for 3 days after plastering. Relative humidity air should be no more than 60%. Study the information on the mixture pack in advance - some formulations may require special conditions.
• Perform work from top to bottom. Start with the ceiling and then move to the walls.
• Clean and rinse tools thoroughly after each stage of work.
• Apply the next layer of plaster only after the previous one has completely dried.

Splash

This layer of plaster ensures adhesion of the coating to the wall. To create it, a solution that is not too thick is used, with a consistency similar to sour cream. The layer thickness is about 0.5 cm.

Scoop out the solution and place it on the center of the falcon. Do not take too much material so that it does not fall off the surface of the tool. Bring the falcon to the base, tilting it slightly towards the wall. Take a small amount of mortar with a trowel and throw it onto the surface, making a sharp movement away from you.

Cover the base with the solution gradually, in strips, moving from bottom to top. Try to throw the material from the same distance all the time. When finished, remove protruding areas if necessary. There is no need to level the coating.

Wait until the plaster layer hardens. After making sure that the material does not crumble or press through when pressed, proceed to the next step.

Priming

This layer makes it possible to align walls with broken geometry, ensures the strength of the coating and gives it heat-protective properties. To create it, use a thicker solution. The thickness of the layer should not exceed 1.5-2 cm, otherwise the material will begin to slide. If it is necessary to create a thick soil, the solution should be applied in several layers.

Apply the solution to the base between the two beacons. Set the rule on the protruding parts of the beacons, and then move it from top to bottom with a sharp movement. Repeat the operation until a smooth surface is formed, located flush with the edges of the beacons. Do not try to eliminate small holes and minor roughness - their leveling will be done in the next step.

Level each layer of soil. Particular care should be taken when leveling the top layer. Allow the soil to harden.

Covering

The covering is the top layer of plaster, which will subsequently be rubbed down to create a smooth and smooth surface. To create it it is used liquid solution creamy consistency. The layer thickness should not exceed 2 mm.

Before preparing the solution, sift the components of the mixture through a sieve with cells no larger than 1.5 mm.

Wet the primer with water using a paint brush. Apply the solution with a trowel, and then smooth the surface with a trowel, making circular or wave-like movements.

Grouting (grouting)

This operation is performed immediately after the end of the previous stage, when the solution is still processable, but no longer sticks to the grater. Mashing can be done in a circular or accelerating manner.

When grouting in a circular manner, use a float to make circular movements counterclockwise, pressing the tool tightly against the surface.

Competitive grouting allows you to create a more even and smooth coating. It is usually performed after grouting in a circular manner, pressing the float to the surface and making straight, sharp strokes.

If some areas of the coating have already hardened and are difficult to machine, they should be moistened with water using a paint brush.

To make the surface even smoother, it can finally be treated with a float, upholstered soft cloth(felt or felt).

Today we will look in detail at how to properly apply plaster on walls. There are some features and details that you need to know. Also in the video in this article and photos you can see individual moments of the work and do everything yourself.

Currently, as a rule, it is customary to use solutions purchased in construction stores for applying to the plane of the wall.

Among all solutions, mixtures of the following components are most often used:

Cement-lime mortars	They are used for walls in the construction of which brick, aerated concrete, concrete were used, as well as walls with an external ceramic surface. Normal humidity is required. Such solutions basically consist of the following components: sand, cement and lime, as well as a small amount of chemical additives that can improve physical properties this solution (increased temperature range of use);
Cement-sand mortars	Absolutely unpretentious appearance solutions that are suitable for any working conditions. Perfect for exterior finishing. It is not afraid of temperature changes and high humidity.
	Suitable for finishing or final finishing of premises. Do not use in rooms where there is a predominance of high humidity or perhaps a combination with cement.
	It is also necessary to take into account the existence of decorative textured plaster, which is used for the final cladding of the treated surface. She mainly does modeling and finishing of decorative structures. For example, this could be a fireplace.

How to apply the solution to the wall surface

There are several application methods ready mixture on the wall surface, in addition, it is permissible to use various construction tools:

• Simple method. It is usually applied in several layers and is used in non-residential premises (basements, cellars, garages).
• Improved method. It is used in residential premises, as well as public premises. Apply in three or more layers with a final finishing finish.
• High quality method. Finishing is carried out according to all the rules for applying plaster (use of beacons) and using expensive materials and correctly selected tools.

What is the price of the issue

There can be no definite and specific answer to such a question.

Price boundaries are blurred by the choice of materials and tools, as well as other factors that determine the final price:

• Performer of the work. If the work is carried out on your own, you will not have to spend money on renting workers. Moreover, renting a highly qualified plasterer is not cheap.
• The base of the surface is also taken into account when performing work. Application price ready-made solutions on various types the grounds will be different.
• Wall plane shape. Work carried out on ideal wall planes, without niches, doorways and other obstacles are rated much lower than planes that have an intricate shape.
• Thickness of the solution used. IN in this case the price will depend on the amount of solution on the surface to be treated, the use of retaining nets and the additional time that the worker will spend on the work.
• Material used for plastering the surface. The most budget option is the use of cement-sand mortars (see).

Difficulties and defects that arise during the production of work

Defects when plastering the surface may be due to wrong choice solution, violation of the technology of applying layers to the wall or insufficient drying of the material used.

The most common of them:

• Shrinkage cracks. Occur due to excessively rapid drying of the plastered surface, due to too high temperature or presence of drafts in the room. In addition, they may appear due to the application of a new layer of plaster on a wet previous layer.
• Lumps. The occurrence of these defects is due to poor-quality preparation of the solution or unslaked lime.
• Peeling. Appear due to application of the solution to an unprepared or uncleaned surface. In addition, such a defect manifests itself due to the use of a combination of incompatible solutions (for example, gypsum and lime: lime mixtures dry out, plaster expands).
• Swelling. Occurs due to premature completion of work on insufficiently dry surfaces, as well as when using a combination of gypsum mortar and cement wall.
• Roughness. It manifests itself when the sand is poorly sifted and the plastered surface is insufficiently grouted.

Basic principles observed during the execution of work

By strictly following the rules recommended by professionals, you can perform the required surface treatment work as efficiently and quickly as possible:

• The humidity of the room where it is planned to carry out work should not exceed 60%. The temperature range should be between 5 and 30 degrees Celsius. It is recommended to maintain such conditions for 72 hours after completion of work.
• Following the manufacturer's advice, the recommendations of which are indicated on back side packaging during the production of the solution.
• Maintain a hygienic workplace. All tools must be clean before starting a new type of work. It is easier to clean with fresh solution than to leave the tool in water.
• Before applying the next layer, be sure to check the dryness of the previous layer. This is done visual inspection, as well as by feeling the surface (there should be no dents or areas that crumble).
• Work must begin from the ceiling and only then be transferred to the walls.

Preparatory work

An important point: remember that before priming, the surface to be treated should be thoroughly cleaned - otherwise the level of penetration into the walls will not be as deep and there will be low adhesion of the surfaces.

• After cleaning the surface, we need to see what layer of plaster should be applied. To do this, the fishing line is stretched diagonally and everything is immediately visible.
• If the wall is made of brick, then it will not be superfluous to deepen the seams. Then the coating will stick better.
• Now we need to pick the right soil. For various materials walls are used: for concrete walls- mineral, for brick - acrylic, etc.
• Before starting work on plastering the walls, it is necessary to treat the surface with a primer material. This will protect the surfaces to be treated from mold or mildew, as well as apply the pre-prepared solution in a more uniform layer.

Types of primer materials:

Acrylic primer	Polymer and most universal mixture, which is used for most surfaces, excluding metal. Also has enough quick drying- up to 5 hours and has no unpleasant odor.
Alkyd primer	This solution is usually used for wooden surfaces walls and chipboard. Drying time is up to 15 hours.
Phenolic primer	A solution containing anti-corrosion substances, solvent and varnish mixture. Used for initial work on metal and wooden substrates.
Perchlorovinyl primer	A toxic type of primer, which is used only in non-residential premises for metal or wooden bases.

Depending on the internal defects of the wall, primer materials are applied in one or several layers using a roller or a wide paint brush.

• On loose surfaces that absorb moisture abundantly, several layers of primer (foam concrete) are also applied.
• On surfaces with significant surface differences, a mounting grid is attached.

How to properly apply the solution to the wall surface

Only after finishing preparatory work After cleaning and priming the surfaces, you are allowed to proceed directly to applying the finished mixture to the plane of the wall. Cement mortar for plaster it is applied according to the classic scenario and includes 3 stages.

Let's look at these stages in more detail:

• Spray: a base layer of plaster, which should be less than 1 centimeter when using a mounting grid, for more durable wall surfaces - no more than 5 millimeters. The mixture is a dough-like substance. Apply the solution until the surface irregularities completely disappear. The thickness of the mixture used should also not exceed more than 1 centimeter. The final layer of the plaster mixture is the covering. The maximum thickness of the mixture has a maximum permissible value of 5 millimeters. It has a creamy substance.
• The base layer is applied by throwing the mixture onto the surface to be treated, using the outermost part of the trowel. This process is not difficult even for novice plasterers. After application to the wall plane, the mixture is not leveled. As a rule, it is also thrown on using auxiliary tools such as a grater or a falcon (see). The mixture is spread on the wall as the falcon moves.

• Using a trowel involves moving the tool with the solution from top to bottom. To apply required quantity mixture onto the instrument; the width of the grater blade should exceed 20 centimeters. The number of layers applied directly depends on the desired thickness of the solution used.
• The final layer is leveled using the rule, and the movements should be oblique and sharp. The rule processing stage is executed until it receives flat surface. The final layer is spread using an auxiliary tool: a grater or a rule. Movements are made from the bottom up, smoothly moving the rule.
• When processing walls, follow the recommendations of professionals when preparing mixtures of the required consistency, auxiliary tools used, as well as methods for applying solutions to the outside of the wall. The end result is a somewhat rough wall, suitable for further processing.

You now know how to apply plaster on a wall, and how to apply plaster on a wall, the video will show the sequence of work. If you do everything yourself, then the price will not be significant and the instructions will help you avoid mistakes.