The device of wooden stairs on bowstrings. Installation of wooden stairs: high-quality installation and surface treatment How to fasten the steps of a wooden staircase to a bowstring

Quite often, people at home install a wooden staircase. This design is characterized by a long service life, reliability and high strength characteristics. Do not forget about aesthetic beauty.

The installation of stairs requires an accurate calculation of the design parameters and compliance with all installation rules.

Installing stairs of this type at first glance may seem like a simple task. There are no special details and mechanisms. Simple railings and the steps themselves are combined in a single design. However, it is actually quite difficult to install it, since during the installation process you have to deal with numerous nuances that must be taken into account. So, consider how to install a ladder.

Device diagram wooden stairs.

But first, about the necessary accessories for work:

roulette;
hacksaw;
square;
grinder;
perforator;
a hammer;
level and others.

Installation of a wooden staircase

Even behind such a simple design is a very complex process. It is best if such work is entrusted to specialists. They will decorate the house with the highest quality and in the shortest possible time. However, in this situation, numerous unforeseen expenses may arise. Installing a wooden staircase for a house with your own hands - best option problem solving.

A lot depends on how well a wooden staircase will be installed near the house. First of all, this concerns the operation and reliability of the design. If the installation is carried out incorrectly, that is, a person does not adhere to the technology, this can lead to a change in the aesthetic appearance, as well as damage.

When installing a wooden staircase for a house, you must adhere to the following rules:

Table showing the correct design of stair steps.

It is best to install by professionals who work from an organization involved in the design of stairs. In this case, they will be responsible for their construction.
The installation of the structure is carried out in the place that was originally described in the contract, since all structural elements are made for it.
To the destination, the ladder must be transported disassembled. In this case, the probability of damage to its structural elements is reduced. At the same time, the installation of the structure is made from ready-made components.
If a person applied for work to an enterprise that makes ready-made flights of stairs, then he will definitely first need to make grooves in the mounting beams for their installation.
Only after the railing is finally adjusted to the floor level, you can begin to install the flights of stairs. When adjusting the lower bowstring, it is necessary to take into account the fact that a floor covering can be laid on the floor.
Before starting the installation of the flight of stairs, it is imperative to make a fence. Only after it fits perfectly to the future design, further work can be continued.
To get a strong and robust design be sure to fasten the marches to the screws. So the design is more durable and rigid. They are fastened in several places around the perimeter, attached through the support post and through the bowstring to the wall.

Methods for fastening structural parts

Options for attaching steps to the bowstring.

Consider how the main elements of the stairs are fastened. Any structure that is installed at home or near it has the same structure.

And we are not necessarily talking about a wooden staircase. There are always inclined parts and steps. In another way, they can be called flights of stairs and platforms. Depending on how the spans are organized, the structures can be single-march, two-march and three-march. There are several different methods for fixing steps:

they can rest on bowstrings with two ends;
one end is attached to the kosour, and the other to the wall;
one end is embedded in the wall, and the other hangs freely; this method cannot always be used, it is only appropriate if the wall thickness is very large.

Ways of fastening steps to the kosour.

Before final assembly stairs for the house must take into account the fact that it must withstand all the loads that lie ahead. After all, not only people walk on such structures, but also goods move. Rigidity is very important. All grooves that are intended for fastening structural elements with bowstrings must be made in such a way that the elements go into them with an interference fit, that is, as tightly as possible. Their depth should be the same, and the grooves themselves must have a flat plane. This is true for all cases, including when using glue to fasten structural elements. It will evenly fill the grooves, giving them the required rigidity and strength. If another fastening method is used, then the wedging method should be used.

In this situation, the grooves are made in the form of a trapezoid. Its top will be in front of the bowstring. After installation, the process of wedging is carried out. After everything is carefully smeared with glue, we can say that a fairly strong and powerful structure has turned out. As an additional fastener, you can always use nails or self-tapping screws.

However, in this case, the appearance of the stairs may deteriorate. To prevent this from happening, the hats must be buried in the tree, and then covered with special overlays. Now the aesthetics will be on top. The appearance of the entire structure will not be spoiled. To increase the strength of the stairs for fastening, several nails or self-tapping screws are used.

Ladder installation: features

The scheme of fastening the railing posts, lower and upper.

So, consider the independent installation of stairs. This is done quite simply. Moreover, all the components of the structure are delivered ready-made, but disassembled. Here you need to be extremely careful to observe all the nuances of the technology.

The first step is to prepare the upper and lower marches. The side parts must strictly comply with the parameters of the opening. Marking must first be applied, according to which preparation is carried out. If it is not made by the manufacturer, then you must perform it yourself.

Now you need to move on to preparing the upper support rack. Grooves are cut in it, which will serve to fasten the upper plank of the span.

For marking, you can use a regular pencil.

With it, a horizontal line is applied on the bottom edge of the groove. Then you need to measure the distance from the ceiling to the floor and draw another line. It must be equal to this distance. Risers are installed in all grooves, and then their lower part is sawn off to size.

The assembly of modern stairs for the house is carried out with the help of glue. Only high quality material is used. Glue all structural elements in the following sequence:

the upper support post is connected to the side structural elements;
further join the fences and railings;
connect the lower ends of the railing and the lower support post;
the side parts of the structure and the lower rack are glued together.

Only in this sequence should be made correct installation stairs. In those parts of the rack that are used for connection, wooden spikes are hammered. After all the elements are prepared, be sure to give them time to dry completely.

Now you can proceed to the assembly of the structure. One person can't handle this. Be sure to get helpers. At least three people must be additionally involved in helping. One of them is located at the top, and the rest - at the bottom.

Next, the ladder itself is installed on the floor, and then leveled with a level. Special marks are made on the floor, which will serve as markings for future pillars. In these places, holes are made with a drill. They should also be in the pillars, and the same size as on the floor. Fastening is carried out using special bolts. Step is attached to cross beam two nails.

The lone side part is attached to the wall with self-tapping screws or bolts. They must be used a lot so that the connection is very strong and durable. If necessary, you can do additional sheathing of the stairs. This is done using drywall sheets or other material. You can use a tree in a similar situation. For example, lining or grooved board. In this case, the wooden staircase will not lose its original beauty and aesthetics.

Summarizing

Thus, the process of installing stairs for the house is completed. There is nothing complicated in it. The main thing is to strictly follow the instructions given above. This is the only way to achieve the desired result. When performing work, be sure to use only high-quality glue. With it, you can get a really solid and reliable design.

When performing work, be sure to call assistants. Only with their help you can achieve a quality result. A wooden staircase is a very heavy structural element. It needs to be mounted and installed only by applying the efforts of several people. To achieve the desired result, when installing on the street, you can use specialized equipment.

There are two ways to buy a wooden staircase - buy it ready-made or order it according to an individual project, you can still make the product yourself. Many people, having spent a fairly large amount on a ladder, save on its assembly and try to mount the structure with their own hands.

Serious staircase manufacturers, who care about their reputation and the convenience of the client, customize all the details at the stage of rough assembly. Later, the stairs are dismantled, covered with various protective impregnations, painted, if provided, and reassembled. So self assembly such designs do not cause any particular difficulties, of course, if there are minimal skills and the necessary tools.

Since there are different types of ladder structures, the installation methods also differ. But there are rules that apply to all options:

Number the parts if the manufacturer did not;
Location doorways in relation to the interfloor area;
According to the numbering, determine the assembly sequence;
If the walls and floor are not too smooth, then level the surfaces;
The first to put those elements, which will then be difficult to get close to;
If the accuracy of the design is in doubt, then it is better to start the installation from above, then it is easier to adjust the length of the march.

They, in turn, are divided according to the type of mounting steps:

Console.

How to attach steps to a wooden staircase of this design:

Using a profile, which is then closed with drywall or other material.
Crash into the wall by 20-40 cm;
With the help of a cable, it also replaces the handrails;
On the bolts, which are attached to the wall by means of pins, steps are pulled together on the other edge;
Attached to welded metal stringers.

On bowstrings

These are boards or beams that cover the ends of the steps. From an aesthetic point of view, such stairs look attractive. And in this case, it is immediately clear how to install balusters on a wooden staircase.

On kosoura

Very reliable, but labor-intensive fastening, also implies several types (embedded steps, on filly). Stringers are load-bearing beams on which the steps rest.

Before attaching the balusters, they are determined with their number and frequency of location. You can install:

At every step;
Missing one;
Missing two;
Missing three.

However, for safety, the distance between the elements is recommended to be about 20 cm. If the balusters are very thin and the tread is wide, then two parts can be mounted on one step. Such elements perform the function of decor and do not bear the load. Pillars are installed at the beginning and at the end of the march, if it is long, then in the middle.

Before fixing the balusters on a wooden staircase, markings are made. All elements must be on the same line, so when different diameter balusters and posts at the attachment point mark their centers. From the end of the steps lay the same distance, equal to 5-10 cm, this point will be the center of the hole for the baluster. The thicker it is, the more you need to step back from the edge, so that in the end the part is at a distance of 2-5 cm from it.

6 cm: 2 5 cm \u003d 8 cm - this is the desired value by which you need to retreat from the edge, it is also the center of the hole.

Types of fastening balusters:

For self-tapping screws;
On spikes;
dowels;
Hairpins.

How to fix a wooden ladder

First, the tools are prepared. Mainly:

hacksaw;
roulette;
level;
brushes;
plane;
pencil and other tools depending on the design (for example, a screwdriver).

Before starting the installation of the stairs, it is necessary to make a drawing and draw up an estimate, where the height and width are calculated, the shape of the steps and the method of their fastening are designed. But the design takes into account the space that should allow the placement of the stairs, the configuration of the structure and the height of the rise, as well as the aesthetic appearance.

Screw structures are rarely used even if the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is wooden house very little. A small demand for this type of stairs is due to the fact that it is inconvenient to use, for example, for lifting or lowering massive things. It performs a single function - descent or ascent.

The marching staircase is installed quite often. Its appearance in a wooden house is a march, consisting of steps and platforms. In turn, they are single-march and multi-march. Using this type of model, using all your imagination, you can make stairs for any design.

Marching stairs are straight, they can be made with one march, and with two, which are separated by platforms. The disadvantage of these stairs is that they are very massive and in a small room their use is unreasonable.

They mainly use rotary double-flight stairs, as this design saves space. You can install marches with a curved design, which has a convenient angle of entry, where the steps are rotary. In the manufacture of multi-flight stairs, you can not use platforms, but make turning steps.

To select a suitable design, firstly, you need to choose the space in which the staircase will fit and will not create inconvenience when used. Secondly, you need to make measurements, calculations and draw a drawing with the location of all elements.

There are a lot of requirements and you need to take into account all of them, which in the end, when made with your own hands, will give an exemplary staircase.

Let's break them down in detail:

The most important requirement is the choice of a suitable ratio "width-height of steps / step depth". The average, commonly used figure is in the range from 16 to 25 cm. If you underestimate the width of the step, then raise the board higher than it should be, the stairs will become steeper;
Dimensions: width between 80 and 100 cm, width between 35 and 50 cm, riser height 15-20 cm;
Steps must be either solid wood or glued wooden lamellas;
The thickness of the riser is usually between 15 and 20 mm;
Speaking of the winder, consider the recommended dimensions: length from 80 to 120 cm, width from 18 to 20 cm, thickness - 2 cm;
The board must be perfectly dried and covered with an antiseptic, have hydrophobic protection, otherwise it will creak, as soon as it is saturated with water;
Painting with varnish is a sure way to fall. You can stick a special anti-slip tape that will look unpresentable. To prevent falls, it is better to cover the board with: carpet, non-slip linoleum, polyurethane, rubber / rubber.

Console.

On kosoura

Balusters are railing supports that combine a decorative function with a practical one. For a wooden staircase, balusters can be made of a different material:

Glass;
metal;
Polymer;
stone;
Combined (wood metal, glass metal).

Wooden balusters according to the manufacturing method are:

With carved elements;
Milling;
Turned.

flat;
Cylindrical;
Square.

For the manufacture of balusters, solid wood of various species is used, both elite expensive and inexpensive: beech and oak, cherry and walnut, mahogany and bamboo, as well as birch, pine, ash, larch and birch. The main condition is not to overdry it, as too dry wood is brittle and can crack during the assembly process. Too wet wood also cannot be used to make balusters, they can crack when shrinking.

Metal balusters are made from:

stainless steel;
Copper;
cast iron;
bronzes;
different alloys.

According to the manufacturing method:

cast;
Forged;
Gut;
Welded.

What elements does the baluster consist of:

In the middle is the central part, which is the main decoration;
Above - support for the handrail;
Below is the base.

The size of the balusters depends on the installation methods and varies from 70 cm to 1 m.

Forged and other types of metal balusters are mounted to the steps using fasteners supplied by the manufacturer. They also come with decorative overlays that mask the fasteners. At the base of the balusters there are holes through which they are fixed to the wooden elements with screws or self-tapping screws.

Spiral, mid-flight, half-turn or attached ladders are often poured from concrete. High-quality steel reinforcement and high grades of concrete ensure the strength of the product. Thanks to reinforced concrete, the structure is not affected by the moisture content in the air, various atmospheric influences.

Many believe that pouring concrete is the most expensive process in arranging a flight of stairs. However, the use of wood trim is even more expensive. Allowed flaws in the technology of masonry cladding can increase costs. To avoid this, you should familiarize yourself with the main mistakes made when arranging sheathing materials on a concrete staircase:

Do not lay wood mass directly on the steps of the stairs. as this will shorten the life of the cladding.
Minimum Thickness wooden shields- 3 cm. It is not worth saving - this will reduce strength.
Before finishing cladding, the surface in without fail leveled and veneered.
In order not to lose the aesthetics in the appearance of the stairs, the tree does not need to be painted.
Before sheathing the stairs with wood, it must be cleaned of dust and debris. This will increase the adhesion of the adhesive layer between the concrete and the finish.
To keep the plywood stronger, it is recommended to use not only glue, but also fixing dowels.
Don't skimp on varnish. It must be moisture resistant. You need at least three layers of varnish with drying between each ball.

Concrete spiral staircase finished with oak - a favorite finish.

Wooden stairs based on concrete must be durable and have an aesthetic appearance. The choice of wood material can be made according to grade, shade and economic considerations. Today, ordinary and exotic species are offered. The most common are four varieties. But others use it too:

Oak is considered a favorite. Features of the material: strength, interesting texture, pleasant shade and pattern, availability. Oak is chosen to provide a respectable look. Oak stairs will last a long time without losing their appearance.
Beech is distinguished by its uniform structure, high quality, pleasant shade and more affordable cost than the first position.
Larch is the most affordable and popular material. At the same time, the quality and reliability of products made from this tree are as high as those of oak.
The ash-tree differs in the highest durability among the listed grades. He has a beautiful pattern, a wide selection of shades from dark to light.
Elite wood species are distinguished by a higher cost, but also good strength characteristics. These include wenge, badi, dussie, brightly, yatobo.
It is possible to make the finishing of the concrete staircase with a cheaper material, such as linden or pine. These varieties are distinguished by light tones, which can visually reduce the bulkiness of the structure. However, they are significantly inferior in strength indicators, therefore, such a finish will last less, quickly lose its attractive appearance.

To determine the amount of material required for arranging stairs based on concrete, it is necessary to carry out a calculation. To do this, you will need the following parameters:

dimensions of one step: thickness, width, depth;
riser dimensions;
the number of steps and risers.

To design step overlays, you need to use wood material up to 1.5 cm thick. You can compensate for protrusions with roundings and canopies. For the arrangement of risers, more than thin plywood, since the load in this zone is minimal.

It is convenient to walk on the steps if the step width is 60-65 cm. You can increase the step due to the overhanging of the material in the finish. The total width of the stairs must be sufficient for stable movement. Due to the reinforcement, it becomes possible to expand the flight of stairs without losing stability.

Wood is an excellent option for finishing a wide variety of structures due to a number of positive properties and an attractive appearance. In this article, we will look at how to finish a concrete staircase with a tree with your own hands so that the result is durable and reliable.

All requirements must be met technological process, each of the stages is very important and has the most direct impact on the final result.

In the photo: facing a concrete staircase with wood literally transforms it

All wooden elements

If you do the work yourself, then you will have to look for the necessary materials. The easiest way is to invite specialists to make all the necessary measurements and give their recommendations, because in addition to wood on the stairs you will need railings and balusters, as well as other elements that you may not even know about

Components of the structure

Kosour is a supporting structure that performs the supporting function of steps and risers, and also all loads fall on it.

The string also performs a support-bearing function. It is a beam with recesses in which the end sides of the steps are installed. Due to the fact that the bowstring cannot withstand heavy loads, it is rarely used.

Steps. The design of these elements is horizontal (treads) and vertical (risers) beams. If desired, stairs can also be made without risers, and the gap between the steps will not be closed. In this case, the ladder is considered fragile.

The shape of the steps is made rectangular, rotary, and to give the design originality - radius.

Railings are wooden trim elements such as balusters and handrails. They are different in shape. Usually the shape depends on the desire of the customer, as they can be made to order.

With a multi-march design, it is additionally installed support post or several poles on the corners.

Installation is carried out in the following sequence:

First, the supporting elements are attached;
Then steps;
At the very end is the fence.

How to fix a wooden staircase on the second floor with bowstrings

There are two types of ladders on bowstrings - when the supporting element is on one side, and on the other, the steps are attached directly to the wall. And the second option - the bowstrings are on both sides and cover the ends of the steps. Each type has options:

Straight;
rotary;
In several spans;
With an intermediate platform;
With winder steps.

A ladder structure with two bowstrings is first assembled on the floor. If a ready-made structure is purchased, which only needs to be assembled, the bowstrings already have special slots for the steps. If the manufacture of the stairs takes place at home, then all the steps are done independently.

Slots are made in the supporting beams (board 50 mm), corresponding in size to the thickness, width and configuration of the steps. After the slots are made, you can pre-prepare the bowstring for mounting to the wall. To do this, through holes are made in it for special anchors at a distance of 30-50 cm from each other along the entire length. Then, having attached the bowstring to the wall at the place of installation, points for fastenings are marked on it through the holes.

To avoid skew or mismatch, a plywood template is made, with the help of which markings are made on both bowstrings. The markup is done in a mirror image. The depth of the slots cannot be less than half the thickness of the board (25 mm). It happens that the slots are made through and then the ends protrude beyond the bowstring.

If the staircase starts with winders, then the slots in each bowstring are made according to their size. On the one hand - for the wide part, on the other - for the narrow.

As a rule, such stairs are made open, that is, without risers. If there are risers, then cuts in the bowstrings are also made for them. Before assembling the structure, all elements are impregnated with flame retardants and antiseptics.

Traditionally metal staircase considered the most reliable and durable

Among the various ladder structures, metal ones are particularly durable and stable. At the same time, there are many ways to fasten the steps of such a ladder. Installation can be carried out by the following methods:

on stringers;
for fillies;
on the plates of the central support;
on the pain.

How best to install the steps depends on what type of metal frame is used in a particular case.

Particular attention should be paid to screw models. Such stairs differ in almost every aspect. The central axial beam serves as a support for them. Speaking specifically about the metal variation, it is best made from a pipe.

Screw design means special kind step fixings

Thus, the frame is represented by a central support, to which platforms for future steps are attached. Their installation is most often carried out either using bolts and brackets, or by welding. That is, as such, there is no fastening of the steps to the bowstring, they are superimposed on the prepared site.

Wooden elements are fixed in several places. In order not to spoil the appearance front side steps they are screwed with reverse side. If the platform is represented by a frame welded from corner profiles, a board of the required size is selected for each element and laid with a small gap so that its structure does not collapse when the volume changes.

Another mounting method stairs- fastening with bolts. This approach is most often used in modern designs, in particular, in modular ones.

A feature of this method is that the frame as such may be absent altogether. In this case, the steps are fixed to each other with the help of bolts, and the emphasis is on the wall and support columns.

In order to fix the steps in this way, it is necessary first of all to provide secure fastening details of the stairs to the wall. This design can only be used if adjacent to the carrier concrete wall, since the flimsy partitions will not withstand the load exerted on them.

The position of the steps is determined in a standard way at the design stage. Then the brackets are driven into the wall and with their help all the elements are fixed. Between themselves, the steps are connected with the help of bolts along the outer edge. A small indent is made on the side, and then a suitable hole is drilled. Bolts are placed on the prepared area and fixed with screws.

Bolza - a spectacular structural element of the stairs

Since high stairs put a lot of stress on the lower parts, it is necessary to provide additional support elements for every 4-5 steps, depending on the total weight of the elements and the angle of inclination.

Common mistakes at work

Most often, the steps differ in height, but you need to bring them to a single standard, and the easiest way to do this is with a self-leveler. If the differences are insignificant, then you can level the surface with a liquid cement mortar. Sometimes it is easier to reduce the height of one step than to raise all the others, in this case a power tool with a special grinding crown for concrete is required

With its help, the surface of the stairs is sheathed in order to protect the steps from moisture and minimize the likelihood of their deformation. You will need material with a thickness of 10-15 mm

Both plywood and wooden elements sit on special mastics or two-component solutions, they provide the most reliable fastening and create an additional barrier to moisture.

Important! In addition, you will need fasteners: dowels, screws, bolts or studs. All this is selected depending on the design features and is calculated on an individual basis.

In modern versions, even impact-resistant glass is found as a building envelope.

Fixing stairs

The staircase will be more reliable and convenient during active use if a fence is attached to it with balusters. Each support column is attached vertically to the handrail, connecting below to the beam in increments of no more than 15 centimeters. Such fastening is necessary for the safe placement of the fence and a minimum margin of safety.

Installation of a ladder made of wood is carried out independently in short time, but care must be taken in choosing the wood for construction to prevent cracking and resin bleeding over time. Reliable material and competent calculation allow you to install the stairs for a long time, while none of the details will let the owner down in terms of service life. Railings and landings, flights of stairs to any floor must be fixed with balusters, so the installation of this element is especially important.

It is possible to fasten balusters on stairs, at the base of which there is a bowstring, in any place, since fastening is carried out not on a step, but on a beam. Typically, the installation of racks is done from the outside in the sidewall of the carrier beam. In this case, screws are used, which are screwed into the grooves and covered with decorative dowels.

Experts recommend fixing the structure when attached to the bowstring with carpentry glue (to splice them together), and fastening with clamps. Balusters are planted on the beam with the help of dowels, round spikes for fasteners. It is necessary to pre-make a hole for them in the rack, avoiding backlash. Dowels are inserted tightly into the racks and fixation is carried out adhesive solution. The bowstring and railing are connected by the lower parts of the dowels.

To the surface of the support beam of the rack, you need to fasten with studs. This will require conventional drill and end saw. From the materials you will need the bowstring itself, fence posts, galvanized studs with a thread of at least M6, PVA glue in a tube. Typical work sequence:

It is necessary to mark the places for attaching the railing in the form of racks. If a complex design is chosen, it is recommended that the project be checked by professionals;
It is recommended to securely fasten the rack and cut off its lower corners, maintaining the angle of the inclined beam;
Make holes with a diameter of 12 mm for a length of 80 mm;
Drown the studs in the adhesive and insert into the holes, leaving 7 centimeters out;
Make holes in the bowstring, for this, the drill bit of the drill must be fixed up to 14 mm. Depth of work - 10cm;
Balusters are inserted with studs, while the fixation process comes from the extreme pillars.

To the bowstring of the stairs, the step is attached by tie-in or mounting on supporting parts. These include special bars that are attached to the beam with screws on the tread. The tread itself is attached to the supports with the same screws.

Some experts recommend splicing a step. In this case, short bars are used for gluing, which makes the surface not solid, but with longitudinal and transverse seams. Can be spliced into checkerboard pattern, which resembles a parquet joint.

It is allowed to arrange a staircase with steps cut into the bowstring with grooves 2 cm deep. It is necessary to first mark them, stepping back from the edge of the edge, then insert a tread with a riser inside. by the most in a simple way is screwing the board from the end with a screw.

The ladder and its bowstring will be reliable and safe if the bowstrings are docked on the balusters. In this case, there are several sections in the beam, the fastening of which is made in baluster grooves.

All incoming load from the top of the stairs goes to the fence posts, so during operation the whole structure becomes unified system. Balusters, step and bowstring will be interconnected. The choice of step type does not affect the strength of the structure, but if the steps are spliced together, the surface characteristics will be significantly improved.

Mortise Mount

You can make a mortise-type mount yourself using a drill and manual frezer, chisel and jigsaw, screwdriver. It is also worth preparing screws, plywood, wood slats, risers and treads.

The bowstring must be marked with a plywood template, in which the tread is cut with or without a riser according to the size of the march;
Apply the reference line with an indent from the edge of the edge by 50mm;
Make fastening rails of the guide type, sliding along the top of the board. The template moves along the material in such a way that the tops of the zigzags of the step are located along the reference line;
Grooves are made in the bowstring, with the obligatory observance of the angle to the location of the fibers of the material. A reliable way to get the groove right is to use a stencil with a hole in the plywood. In this case, with a jigsaw and a drill, you can make the desired hole size;
The beam is placed on the goats, a stencil is placed on top of it so that the tread matches, a mount is made;
With a milling cutter in the clockwise direction, a groove is cut 20 cm deep, after which the corners are processed with a chisel;
Having made the required number of grooves, the ladder is assembled, each step in the groove is smeared with glue;
The risers and treads need to be fixed with a screw, each step is fastened to the bowstring with screws from the outside. A decorative cap is installed over the fastener.

Mounting with supports

Fastening steps using metal supports does not require milling. Of the tools you need only a hammer and a drill, nails, screws and metal corners. It is necessary to mark the tread according to the plywood template, then nail the support bar. Metal corners are fixed with screws using prepared holes. Each step is connected to the supporting element with a screw.

A staircase with a one-sided bowstring, when the second function is performed by a wall, is done as a fastening of steps and balusters. To do this, you need to make a bowstring, in which cut the mortise grooves with a milling cutter. Treads and risers are assembled into steps. The bottom of the step is attached to the groove on the support beam on one side, and on the other - to the baluster.

The lower racks are bolted to the floor, connecting the base of the lower step with screws. The installation of the second stage is carried out, fixed to the fence post (handrail). The back of the lower step is needed to support the front of the next step, and the middle is fixed to the uprights. This principle works for all steps in the ladder.

You can choose any method of fastening the step to the bowstring of the stairs, the main thing is that it fits its design and stylistic performance. For reliability and durability of the product, it is necessary to carry out its installation in strict sequence for each type. After that, the structure will serve for a long time without the need for repair or replacement.

The ends of the steps are impregnated with glue, they are also smeared with it inner surface slits on one string. The step is inserted into the groove and pressed. This is done with all steps, then, the same action is performed with another bowstring. After the glue dries, for a more reliable fixation, the connection is duplicated with screws.

Hats are deepened by 5-7 mm and then decorated with either plugs or putty. Another option for fastening steps is on metal corners, linings or on curved figured supports. Then the recesses on the bowstrings are made for them and fixed with self-tapping screws. Then, wooden steps are placed on the metal fasteners, which are also fixed with dowels from the underside so that they are not visible.

The bearing beam of the staircase structure, that is, the kosour, is the element on which the steps are mounted. Basic mounting methods:

The simplest - self-tapping screws. The steps are drilled through and screws are screwed into the holes, such a fastening is called secret. So that there is no hole left, it is slightly expanded with a large drill and a plug is inserted. There are fasteners with decorative heads. They do not hide, as the heads are decoration.
With the help of pins. In the kosour and steps, holes are drilled with a diameter that matches the size of the cotter pin. The step is smeared with glue and planted on the kosour. The mount itself is not visible.
On bars or corners made of metal.
Embedded steps. For them, undercuts are made in the kosour, where the tread is inserted, for reliability it is fixed with carpentry glue.
With the help of pins (dowels). In this way, the tread is attached to the riser from above, and the riser is connected to the bottom step. At the same time, for steps made of wood hard rock dowels are made of softwood, and for softwood treads, hardwood is used for dowels.
For installation, metal support legs are used, which are attached to the stringer with dowels.

In all installation options, before fixing the risers on a wooden staircase, they are smeared with glue to strengthen the connection of the elements and eliminate creaking and loosening in the future. In general, there are three main types of riser attachments:

In the groove - the simplest and most common;
At the end with self-tapping screws;
With the help of a corner.

In all options, the height of the riser will be different and this should be taken into account when assembling the structure.

In our do-it-yourself version of the staircase, the most convenient option is the upper fastening of the steps to the stringer. This option for fastening steps, in turn, can also be divided into several ways of fastening:

Fastening the step to the stringer leaving the hardware head on the step surface, bolt-nut connection or bolt-thread in the stringer.
Fastening the step to the stringer with a partial recess of the hardware head into the step. Connection, as well as in the first method.

If you choose the first method of fastening the steps to the frame of the stairs, then in this case it is necessary to purchase bolts with a decorative cap and preferably a turnkey hexagon. When installing such bolts, the decorative cap will serve as an additional decoration of the stairs, and if during the operation of the stairs the fastening of the steps is weakened, then tightening or replacing the fixing material can be done without hindrance, because access to the bolt and nut in this case is free and nothing interferes with the repair work.

When choosing the second method, when the hardware head is partially recessed into the step and the hole is closed from above with a wooden plug or puttied. In this case, repairing steps (replacing or tightening fasteners) will be difficult, since we will have to drill a wooden plug in order to get to the hardware head, and this is not a very convenient option for repairing steps or tightening fasteners.

Marching structure fastening

After the whole march is assembled and the glue has dried, it's time to fix the structure in place. Since there is only one march, its support points are the floor of the lower floor and the platform of the upper one. Therefore, the length of the bowstrings is first measured and, if they protrude slightly beyond the overlap, then the excess is cut off.

A wall bowstring can only be attached to a main wall with a thickness of at least 25 cm. It must be block, brick or concrete. Holes are made in it according to the markup that was made at the time of preparing the bowstring for installing the steps. Then, by combining the holes in the bowstring and on the wall, the ladder is securely fixed with the help of anchors.

To the landing of the second floor, the stairs are attached with the help of a plank, which is hemmed between the bowstrings of the riser type. Through this bar, the ladder is fixed with anchors to the platform. Another option for fastening is possible - using corners or plates sewn to the bowstring.

Mounting order

For the construction of such a staircase, light materials are used, otherwise the structure will turn out to be too massive and heavy for floors.

Metal carcass has a stepped structure. If you use paired stringers, you can not particularly strain and fasten the parts directly to them. To do this, you need to drill holes and use the studs to put the steps on the appropriate places. After that, they are tightened with nuts from the back side and fixed in place.

It is easy to fix the steps on the metal stringer with nuts and bolts

If only one central stringer is used, installation is best done by fixing the step on an additional platform. To do this, a sheet of metal is screwed to the support, but rather welded. You just need to put the part in the correct position and screw it from the back.

Consider another way - how to attach the steps to the side string. In this case, wooden parts can be baited on pre-prepared studs located on the bowstring itself. Or you can cut the grooves clearly according to the thickness of the step and fix it with glue.

Finishing a concrete staircase with wood starts from the bottom.

Installation of facing wooden material on a concrete staircase - a laborious process:

Training. The height of each step is measured, then aligned to the highest. For this, self-leveling floor compounds are used. If the difference in height is insignificant, unevenness on the concrete is smoothed out with a thin layer of the mixture. With a high run-up in the size of the steps, plywood formwork is made according to the required height. It is attached to dowels.
Primer. After leveling, the surface is cleaned of debris and dust. A primer layer is then applied, which increases the adhesion between the finishing materials. The mixture should be applied after the primer has completely dried.
Waterproofing. In order to protect against moisture, plywood sheets 10-15 cm thick are attached to the concrete. This layer is treated with a primer.
Wood veneer. You can make steps from natural wood with your own hands, pick up finished products, order an individual shape. For fastening, three bolts with a diameter of 0.6 cm are used. They are screwed into lower part riser so that their hats protrude a little. Then the hats are cut off, and the risers are combined with the steps. Holes are drilled according to the marks made, then filled with epoxy. Liquid nails are applied to the plywood, and the lining is attached on top. Holes are made in the resting riser for fastening to the second riser. The next plywood layer and holes are treated with glue. At this stage on concrete base the first wooden step is laid. You can measure the correctness of the masonry with a building level. So the whole staircase is finished.

If, after facing work, gaps have formed between one step and the second, as well as on the side, they are treated with putty or foam.

Fixing a ladder with a turntable

If the design provides for an interfloor platform, then first install the supporting pillars from a 100x100 mm beam. Not everyone knows how to fix the support post of a wooden staircase, but in fact there is nothing difficult in this. The number of pillars may vary. If the platform adjoins the corner of the room, then there is only one support post and then it is attached to the floor with self-tapping screws and wood glue. On the other two sides, the platform is mounted to the walls forming an angle.

Two - four pillars for greater stability can be connected to by means of bars or boards around the perimeter at the bottom and top. The platform will rest on this strong parallelepiped, and be drilled to it with the help of self-tapping screws and corners. The beams, in turn, are attached to the floor with long self-tapping screws.

The lower section of the march is attached simultaneously to the platform and the support post, if it is adjacent to the wall, then it is also fixed on a vertical surface. On the support post, a cut is made vertically, matching the width and thickness of the bowstring in size. When assembling, the free bowstring is inserted into the slot, previously lubricated with glue, and fixed with a hairpin. The march is attached to the platform with the help of anchors and a horizontal bar located between the bowstrings.

The installation of the upper march takes place in the same way as the lower one. It is fixed to the platform of the second floor and to the intermediate one. If the ladder runs along the wall, then it is attached to it.

Finishing the stairs and the floor should be combined.

In order to obtain a quality result, it is recommended to pay attention to some tips:

The color scheme of the floor and stairs should be combined in style and shades.
The strength characteristics of the stairs should be comparable with the same indicator of the floor covering. It is better to use wood of the same type.
The cladding layer must be more than 3 cm. A thinner coating has a lower service life.
Finishing with wood should be carried out only after leveling and complete cleaning of the concrete base.
The gap between the handrails and marches should vary between 7.5-15 cm. This is enough to pass the fire hose.
The height of the steps must be the same. Otherwise, alignment may be difficult. Moreover, it is not recommended to use glue and putty for these purposes. The maximum allowable difference in height is 1 cm. When leveling heights, it is recommended to use concrete solutions reinforcing steps with reinforcing mesh.
The use of wooden cladding is not allowed Low quality, since such a ladder will not last long.
Crossbars, balusters. railing. steps are best done in the same style and color. It is acceptable to combine wooden stairs and, for example, forged railings.
Facing should be carried out after major repairs.
To perform the work, it is necessary to attract specialists with a certain skill of work.

Sheathing stairs made of concrete with wood gives the following advantages:

compliance fire safety;
increased service life of the stairs;
strength and rigidity of the finished product.

A staircase with wood cladding will decorate the interior, and a concrete base will ensure the reliability and durability of the structure. If you have the skills and knowledge of the technology of sheathing stairs with wood, you can do the work yourself.

Otherwise, it is better to involve professionals, otherwise mistakes made can lead to additional costs.

Workflow organization

All work is divided into two critical milestones- preparation of the base and fastening of the main elements. Let's consider each of them in detail, because finishing a concrete staircase with a tree with your own hands is a very difficult and very responsible process (C also see the article “Wood type - general information, classification and regulatory requirements to lumber).

Training

Work should begin with the preparation of everything you need, so make sure that all materials and fixtures are at hand.

The sequence of events is as follows:

First of all, the height of all steps in the structure is measured, this is necessary in order to determine the difference in the parameters. Minor differences can not be corrected, but it is still desirable to fill the plane liquid solution to get the perfect plane. If the difference is noticeable, it is necessary to prepare for pouring the steps, for this you will need the construction of formwork.
The formwork is fastened so that its upper edge is a guideline for pouring the mortar. For the construction of the structure can be used edged board or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm, the frame must be neat so that the geometry of the steps is not disturbed.

If the staircase was built from blocks, you will have to make formwork for all steps, while it is important to initially bring out a uniform slope so that you do not have to carry out additional work later

Next, you should clean the surface of dust and dirt and treat it with a primer, which will reduce the absorbency of the base and improve the adhesion of the adhesive. All the features of the preparation and use of the soil will be prompted by the instructions on the package, be sure to study it, because you may have a concentrated solution that must be diluted with water.

It is possible to prime the surface even before the formwork is installed

Do-it-yourself sheathing of a concrete staircase with wood should not be done directly on concrete; first, plywood is attached, cut into pieces of the desired configuration. First of all, the sheets are placed on the surface and checked for level, if necessary, chips or slats are placed under them. Next, the surface is covered with mastic and plywood is laid on it; for additional reliability, we recommend using quick installation dowels.

It is important to choose a quality adhesive so that it provides the best bond strength.

main stage

Now let's look at how to sheathe a concrete staircase with a tree with your own hands, work should begin after the adhesive has dried under the plywood, usually this period is about a day.

First of all, steps are cut out of wood for a concrete staircase of the desired configuration. Risers are also prepared, which are most often made of the same material as the main elements. If the product configuration is complex, it is better to order these works from specialists with the appropriate equipment.
The diagram below shows the entire workflow in a very clear and accessible way. Installation wooden steps on the concrete staircase starts from the bottom, first, 3 holes with a diameter of 5 mm and a depth of 15 mm are drilled in the lower end of the riser on the sides and in the middle, pieces of a threaded stud with a threaded diameter of 6 mm and a length of 25 mm are hammered into them, that is, 10 mm will stick out outside. At the location of these elements, holes are drilled in the concrete, filled with epoxy and the riser is put in place.

This is how the connection diagram of the structural elements looks like

Now let's look at how to fix wooden steps on a concrete staircase, or rather on a plywood base. At the bottom of the element, a groove is cut out for the protruding riser, and the next element is also attached with screws, which will be located under the step above. The bases are smeared with mastic, after which the finished structure sits on them, everything is done carefully with a constant level check.

Important! Sometimes, in order to fix the step in the desired position, you need to put a heavy object on it.

Two weights will do the job just fine.

Further sheathing of concrete stairs with wood is carried out in a similar manner. a riser is attached to the step, and the element is glued to the base. It is important to do the work accurately and efficiently, without undue haste.
If gaps and voids have formed in the end parts, then it is easiest to seal them with polyurethane mounting foam with a small expansion factor.

How to fasten the steps to the bowstring of the stairs?

The installation of railings must be taken seriously. They must be sawn at the same angle, which creates difficulties when sawing by hand, as there is a possibility of error. In this regard, the cut is made on a special machine. Fencing posts are fixed to the floor with hardware.

To attach the handrail, a recess is drilled in the bowstring, balusters and in the handrail itself with a smaller diameter than the rod. Then the structure is installed on the pins and fastened with self-tapping screws. For the stability of the fence, the lower end of the handrails is attached to a pole, and the upper end to a wall or a wooden pole. The fastening must be strong, since a large load goes in these places.

Before installing the balusters, you need to accurately adjust the angle of the bowstring. Trimming at the base is done on a special tool with an angle setting. Then fastening is carried out in the same way as on the tread. Mounting on a bowstring is possible if it is of sufficient thickness.

If you plan to build a staircase with mortise steps, then the grooves are made from the inside. Their depth should be in the range of 1.5 to 2 centimeters. After that, risers and treads are carefully inserted into the grooves. When working on your own, remember that the bowstring should have cutouts with even edges and the same depth.

Pay attention to marking the relative position of the grooves on the two support beams. If it is uneven, then in the future an unexpected distortion of the staircase structure may occur.

Experts recommend in such cases to make special templates cut from a thin sheet of plywood. To prevent the bowstring from turning into a kosour, the guides should be fixed at a distance of 50 millimeters from the pre-marked line.

The marking for the grooves is as follows. Longitudinal lines are drawn on the inside of the beam. From the edges of the beam, they should recede by 50 millimeters. If such a need arises, then this distance can be reduced to 30 millimeters. Next, the finished template is carefully moved along the edge using guides. The location of the steps is marked with a pencil.

Remember that when marking the bowstring of one ladder structure, the location of the grooves must be completely mirrored.

The lower and upper parts of the support beams must completely coincide with the levels of the floors. But this coincidence will be vertical or horizontal, it directly depends on the type of structure.

Experts who know all the features of fastening and marking do not recommend quickly sawing off excess ends. It is possible that they will be needed for tapping into a special support beam during final installation.

In order to get a reliable and very durable staircase on a bowstring, the fastening of the side elements is best done with the help of rods. It can be a wooden band on bolts or wedges, as well as a metal band on nuts. Tie rods are installed from two edges of the stairs and in its central part.

Mounting options for steps

From the side it may seem that the stairs on the bowstrings look monotonous and uncomplicated. But, this is far from the case. There are a huge number of options for their design.

In order to choose the best installation option, you should study possible ways installation steps:

Sliding steps are not just inserted into pre-made grooves, but gently slide into them. The cut recess should not only have an entrance for the steps, but also an exit to the outside. In these designs, the treads can be dismantled without disassembling the entire staircase structure.
Mortise steps - a standard technique for connecting treads and risers. A hole is cut in advance in the bowstring, into which a step is then hammered. In order to make grooves, you should use a hand mill. If there is no router, then you can take a chisel and a hammer. But, this method takes a lot of time. After the steps are fixed on one bowstring, the second element should be filled from the other edge.
The use of corners. This method involves the use of additional elements. In order not to waste time cutting corners, you can attach metal corners to the sidewalls. It is on these additional elements that the treads will be attached in the future.

Practical instruction

The time has come to make wooden steps with your own hands. We will go through 3 stages: we will perform the calculation, we will make the steps, then we will mount them.

Determine the height of the structure, its dimensions and the number of steps. In order for you to get a bowstring, take a wooden stick of the required thickness. As noted above, cutting grooves should be done using templates.

When cutting grooves yourself, copy the marks from the template to the workpiece. Wood is processed with a special milling cutter with a nozzle of the required diameter.

After that, fix the inner bowstring at the construction site and connect all the elements of the steps. When the work is completed, on the second side, press the elements of the steps with another bowstring and gently tamp. Using glue and nails, you can make the structure more durable and reliable in use.

By installing strands, you can prevent unwanted loosening of the ladder structure. The strands are mounted at the rate of one per 5 steps.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that it is not so difficult to design a bowstring for a staircase with your own hands, as it might seem at first glance. Before using the ladder structure for its intended purpose, you should make sure that the fasteners are strong.

If necessary, additional vertical support elements can be installed. For this purpose, metal tubes or wooden beams are suitable. Models of stairs look interesting, which are mounted to the ceiling with the help of suspensions.

As for the fences, they can be installed both on the bowstring and on the steps themselves. It all depends on your aesthetic preferences. If you are not sure that you can do the job yourself, even with the help of video instructions, then it is better to contact specialists. The company "Stairs Master" employs masters who will perform all the tasks assigned to them not only quickly, but also with high quality. Such a bowstring for stairs is guaranteed to be reliable, durable and aesthetically attractive.

How to install a railing on a wooden staircase

The railing is the final element that ensures the safety of movement and fixes the balusters in the upper part. They can be made from:

metal;
Stone;
polymer materials;
tempered glass;
Wood.

Finished wooden railings are attached to the balusters using:

self-tapping screws;
Screws;
Shipov;
Arms.

The railing can be fixed both on the stair structure and on the wall. In this case, the handrail is placed at a distance of 90 cm from the crest of the step and is parallel to the bowstring or stringer, maintaining the angle of inclination of the staircase structure.

When mounting wooden handrails on wooden balusters, the latter are cut in the upper part at an angle. The angle is equal to the steepness of the march setting. To cut straight upper part you need to make a markup with a thread stretched through all the balusters from top to bottom. Mark a straight line with a pencil and saw off the excess along it.

Before trimming, a mark is made on the support for the handrail in the middle of the part and a hole is drilled for the pin or dowel. On a flat surface, this is easier to do, since the hole should run vertically.

After trimming, studs are screwed into the holes. On the handrail, it is also necessary to make the corresponding holes. In order not to be mistaken, you need to combine the handrail with the balusters, on which the studs are already inserted, and lightly tap on them along the entire length. Traces will remain on the inside of the railing, and holes must be drilled in this place. Before installing the connection, for reliability, it is necessary to coat with glue.

Another option for mounting railings to balusters is with the use of a railing, the so-called auxiliary bar. It is made with a spike and repeats the configuration of the handrail notch. The bar is applied to the sawn surface of the balusters, fixed with self-tapping screws and then inserted into the recess, it is pre-coated with glue.

Use stud fastening. They are cut out at the top of the baluster. The spike configuration can be any, but it must match the shape of the recess on the handrail. Spike height up to 25 mm, with a handrail thickness of 45 mm.

If pillars are installed at the beginning of the stairs, then the railings are joined to the side face of the pillar. For connection, a zip bolt is used, which is inserted into the technological hole. This hole is located at the bottom of the handrail.

Selling firms often post assembly instruction videos on their websites. It is very comfortable. Our company, taking care of customers, also posted detailed instructions on the YouTube channel and on its own website. The craftsmen tell you how to fully assemble the structure and how to attach a wooden ladder to the surface of the floor and wall.

Installing stairs to the second floor is a long and costly process. To make it as easy as possible, you need to properly prepare. For greater convenience, the preparatory work can be divided into 3 stages:

design (creation of a drawing);
selection of necessary materials;
preparation of tools.

Installation of a spiral staircase: a brief description

Since the form screw design differs from marching varieties, the installation principle is different here. It is recommended to install such a staircase to the next floor in the following order:

a drawing is made;
based on the calculations, structural elements are made;
in the selected place, the lower support assembly is installed and attached to the floor;
a vertical stand is inserted into the node;
steps are pinched (or put on it) in a tripod;
a platform is installed at the floor level of the second floor and a support rod is fixed;
balusters are inserted into the holes on the steps, on which the railings are put on.

Finished installation spiral staircase

Installation of a wooden staircase requires a careful approach and attentiveness from the master. Incorrect calculation or poor-quality fixation of elements can adversely affect the strength and durability of the structure. For this reason, the assembly of the ladder structure must be carried out with special care.

Making bowstrings for stairs is a complex process, because with large sizes design requires high precision. Often, these load-bearing elements, which are the basis for fastening steps, have a complex configuration, therefore, in carpentry workshops for cutting parts, they most often work on modern CNC machines.

Wooden stairs on bowstrings are durable and are a worthy decoration of the space of the house. They can be made in a classic style and become a good addition to a loft interior.

How to make a staircase on bowstrings, how to attach steps and balusters to it, is described in detail in this article.

Ways to make a ladder on bowstrings with your own hands

There are several ways to install stairs on bowstrings. The most popular are free and wall-mounted stair bowstrings. The wall bowstring for the stairs can be seen only from one side of the stairs, and the free bowstring, otherwise called the light string, can be seen from all sides.

It is these properties that must be taken into account before making a ladder on a bowstring with your own hands and opting for any particular type of wood, as well as when processing the surface of wooden blanks.

The assembly of stairs on bowstrings differs from the assembly of the structure on stringers by the method of fastening. The steps of such stairs are inserted into the grooves of the supporting beams, which are called bowstrings. Sometimes only one bowstring is used in the design. In this case, the installation of the second side of the steps is carried out in the wall.

Ladders on bowstrings can be open and closed. stairs open type look lighter, and when creating closed structures, risers are used, thanks to which the staircase visually seems massive.

The most convenient and simple to create are stairs on bowstrings with a straight march, in which the steps are fastened between two straight beams - bowstrings. Such stairs can be single-flight and double-flight - depending on the size and design of the room. In addition, bowstring structures can be designed with an intermediate platform or winder steps. The shape of landings (rectangular, square or rounded) directly depends on the chosen design of the building.

One of the requirements for mounting a ladder on a bowstring is the availability of free space. This factor, as well as the distance between the floors, determines the design. Depending on this, the type of fences will be selected.

One of the simplest designs of stairs made of wood on bowstrings, as well as stairs on stringers, which is suitable for beginners, is considered to be attached (one-march straight). The angle of inclination of the flight of stairs will depend on the amount of free space for the structure and on the height of the floor.

If there is not enough space, then it is recommended to build a two-flight straight staircase with winders or an intermediate platform. Thanks to this, you can save usable area gender. In addition, this ladder is very convenient to use.

Do-it-yourself ladders on bowstrings can be made with risers, although the latter are rarely used in this type of structure. Due to the absence of these elements, the stairs look lighter and not as massive.

As for the decor, in the stairs to the second floor, mounted on bowstrings, the supporting beams, as well as the stringers, may well act as decorative elements.

If desired, they can be decorated, for example, using artistic wood carving. A good decoration is forging metal, which is attached to a bowstring made of wood.

Railings play an important role in the design concept of the flight of stairs. They can be made of wood or wood with forging elements, stainless steel. Railings are usually light, so the stairs look even more "transparent".

Another distinguishing feature of the design of stairs on bowstrings is the ability to place balusters in any order and at any frequency, which is problematic to do in stairs on stringers, in which the order is more limited.

Handmade wooden stairs with bowstrings are distinguished by reliability and ease of use. They are safe and durable, because, despite the apparent lightness, they are able to withstand significant loads.

The basic principles of building a ladder structure on bowstrings do not differ from building a ladder on stringers. Openings, supporting bowstrings on the lower and upper beams are built according to the same principles as when installing stairs on stringers.

The main difference lies in the way the steps are supported. In the stairs on the stringers, the steps rest on the boards from above, and in the stairs on the bowstrings, the steps are located between the boards (strings). When a step is subjected to a vertical load, the tread flexes downward and then straightens out. At the same time, a thrust is formed at its ends. To prevent the bowstrings from spreading to the sides, it is recommended to connect them with a metal bar with a diameter of 8-12 mm with threads at the ends and nuts. You can also use strands of other designs.

One of the common designs is a staircase with mortise steps. When erecting it, cutouts are made in the bowstring - grooves 15-20 mm deep, into which treads and risers will be inserted. For a snug fit, the tread grooves of the bowstring should be with even planes and the same depth.

Watch the video "Ladder on strings", which shows various ways installations of such structures:

How to properly mark and secure the bowstring of the stairs

In order to prevent distortion of the structure, special attention should be paid to the accuracy of marking the grooves. Before marking the string of the stairs, prepare a template that is almost the same as the template for stringers made from a sheet of plywood. The only difference is that the wooden planks in this case must be nailed, keeping an indent of 50 mm. Otherwise, the bowstring will be cut to the very edge of the board, and it will thus become a stringer. The offset can be 40, 30 or 20 mm. In the process of marking, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the bowstrings are not the same elements, but are a mirror image of each other.

The correct marking of treads and risers is carried out by moving the template along the edge of the bowstring. To do this, a reference line is applied along the long edge of the bowstring at a distance of 50 mm from the edge of the board (or at a selected distance). When moving the template along the bowstring, a line of steps is marked with a pencil, the tops of which should lie on the reference line of the bowstring. At the ends of the bowstring, the extended tread marking line will correspond to the floor level, and on the other hand, the perpendicular to the top of the riser line will correspond to the floor level of the second floor or intermediate floor. These ends are sometimes advised to cut off immediately, but still it is better to try on the bowstring in place. It is likely that the ends of the bowstrings will be used for tapping into the ceiling. Grooves for treads can be made independently using hand tool, but it is advisable to use a manual milling machine.

Regardless of the material of manufacture of the bowstring (solid board or modified wood), the grooves for the steps must be selected obliquely to the direction of the fibers. To perform a high-quality groove, it is recommended to use a power tool and mill the bowstrings using a plywood stencil.

And how to fix the bowstring of the stairs, which, for example, consists of 18 lifts without intermediate platforms for attaching treads? To do this, use 3-4 tension bolts passing through both bowstrings. Directly into the tread, the installation of their shortened versions takes place.

The use of tension bolts in the tread is a task for professionals, but if all the rules are observed, even a beginner can handle it.

Making a stencil for marking the bowstring of the stairs

When making a stencil for marking the bowstring of a ladder, two bars should be nailed to a rectangular piece of plywood parallel to the edges of the bowstring so that the distance between them is equal to the width of the bowstring. Next, the stencil must be placed on the bowstring and draw a reference line on it. Then you should remove the slats from the step template and place it on the stencil for the grooves so that the reference lines coincide. It is necessary to draw lines that will correspond to the sides of the step. The tread should be placed on the stencil to the tread line and circled around it. If necessary, you can expand the hole by a distance equal to the gap between the cutter and the round flange of the milling machine.

To tread with a drill and a jigsaw, you need to make an enlarged hole in the stencil. The bowstring should be put on the goats and a stencil should be installed on it. Then the line of the first tread must be aligned with the tread line of the stencil and temporarily nail the stencil to the bowstring. After that, you should go through the bowstring with a cutter to a depth of 15-20 mm in several passes. When the work is finished, it is recommended to process the corners of the grooves with a chisel.

Immediately before assembling the stairs on the bowstrings, the end of the step and the groove should be smeared with glue. Exist a large number of types of adhesives for wooden surfaces. In this case, almost anyone will do, the main thing is to carefully read the instructions before using it.

When mounting the connection on wedges, the grooves of the bowstring should be expanded with a slope towards the back so that they acquire a trapezoidal shape.

Installation of stairs: ways to fasten the steps to the bowstring

The tread, inserted into the grooves, is to be wedged from below with wooden wedges, which press it against the upper side of the recess. To increase the strength of the connection, the tread must be additionally attached to the bowstring with screws that are attached from the outside.

The heads of the screws must be sunk into the wood of the bowstring and puttied. You can also screw the screws deep into the wood, seal the holes with wooden plugs and grind. There are other ways of attaching steps to bowstrings. So, for example, treads are attached to them using bars of square and triangular cross-section, using surfboards, or using steel fasteners. In such cases, the bowstrings of the stairs must be made of planed boards, be smooth, without grooves. Short bars or surfs are usually attached to them from the inside with screws, and the steps are mounted directly to them.

Fastening in a wooden staircase on the bowstrings of the tread and riser between themselves can be done in several ways, similar to the fastening of stairs along stringers.

The next section of the article is devoted to how to attach balusters to the bowstring of the stairs.

Proper fastening of balusters to the bowstring of a wooden staircase to the second floor

When arranging stair turns on bowstrings that do not have interfloor platforms, you can use a central support post or dock the bowstring on the railing balusters. Plug-in swivel fittings are also permitted.

Proper docking of the bowstrings of the stairs on the balusters not only provides a strong and reliable connection, but it is also a beautiful and elegant building solution.

When attaching balusters to the bowstring of a staircase, stresses that usually appear on load-bearing elements structures (at the bottom of the stairs), are transferred to the fences (at the top of the structure).

Thus, the whole structure works on the load when using the stairs; bowstrings, balusters and fencing. A single rigid spatial system is formed.

The articulation of bowstrings on swivel fittings is technically more complex. It allows you not to limit the design of stairs to one type of railing. By itself, this knot is a truncated likeness of a joint on balusters, without an upper power belt. The swivel baluster, on which the bowstring was joined, is here replaced with short pieces of bowstrings. But the requirements for such nodes are increased: especially for the quality of the tie-ins and bowstring material.

Double-flight staircase on bowstrings: assembly and installation of the structure

Strengthening the bowstrings of two-flight stairs can be done in a similar way. It is necessary to fix the central support baluster on the landing beam, into which the internal bowstrings of the ascending and descending marches will be inserted.

Also, bowstrings can be bolted to its side faces. And the wall bowstrings should then be nailed to the wall.

The second option is the fastening of two racks of reduced section to the platform beam. In one of them you need to cut the bowstring of the ascending march with a spike, and in the other - the bowstring of the descending march.

Most often, modified wood (glued boards) is used to create bowstrings, and all tie-ins are made using glue.

It must be borne in mind that the nodes of the stairs on wooden joints can lead to creaking and gradual loosening of the nodes. Therefore, if the master does not have sufficient experience in joinery work, it is recommended to use metal tie products to connect the bowstrings, which are able to fix the joints for the entire life of the structure.

A ladder on bowstrings is a type of construction that involves the installation of treads into the grooves of the bowstring to a depth of 20-25 mm. The cutting of these grooves is usually done by gouging, cutting or using a milling cutter.

There are the following types of steps:

mortise,
inserted into grooves;
inserted into through grooves, pre-hollowed out in a bowstring. They can be with or without risers.

The connection of the bowstring and steps occurs with the help of tension bolts. Threaded studs with a diameter of 10-14 mm can also be used. As a general rule, the tension screws should be located in the middle of the string, just below the tread.

When installing a curved ladder, the tension bolts, which are located on the line of its bend, should also be bent. Thus, they will be parallel to the front edge of the tread. In this case, the bolt nut will be perpendicular to the bowstring of the ladder. As a result, the nut will cut into the stair string, and the hole on the other string can be masked with a decorative insert.

The video "Making ladders on bowstrings" will help you better cope with this task:

With the modern rhythm of life, most of the population dreams of building a suburban or private house. But often when building a house with 2 floors or more, there is a problem of installing wooden stairs.

When building a two-story private house, the question arises of installing stairs. The most suitable material for its construction is wood.

Of course, you can get out of the situation by purchasing a finished structure or ordering it, but it will be much more expensive. You can make it yourself, but you need to study the nuances of work.

Preparatory work

First, the tools are prepared. Mainly:

hacksaw;
roulette;
level;
brushes;
plane;
pencil and other tools depending on the design (for example, a screwdriver).

Before starting, it is necessary to make a drawing and draw up an estimate, where the height, width are calculated, the shape of the steps and the method of their fastening are designed. But the design takes into account the space that should allow the placement of the stairs, the configuration of the structure and the height of the rise, as well as the aesthetic appearance.

By their own design features stairs are:

screw;
marching.

Screw structures are rarely used even if the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in a wooden house is very small. A small demand for this type of stairs is due to the fact that it is inconvenient to use, for example, for lifting or lowering massive things. It performs a single function - descent or ascent. Due to its design, which consists in the fact that a single pillar serves as a support, it is necessary to calculate everything to the smallest detail, since if even a minor mistake is made, the unexpected can happen.

The marching staircase is installed quite often. Its appearance in a wooden house is a march, consisting of steps and platforms. In turn, they are single-march and multi-march. Using this type of model, using all your imagination, you can make stairs for any design.

They mainly use rotary double-flight stairs, as this design saves space. You can install marches with a curved design, which has a convenient angle of entry, where the steps are rotary. In the manufacture of multi-flight stairs, you can not use platforms, but make turning steps.

Components of the structure

Kosour is a supporting structure that performs the supporting function of steps and risers, and it also bears all the loads.

Steps. The design of these elements is horizontal (treads) and vertical (risers) beams. If desired, stairs can also be made without risers, and the gap between the steps will not be closed. In this case, the ladder is considered fragile.

The shape of the steps is made rectangular, rotary, and to give the design originality - radius.

Railings are wooden trim elements such as balusters and handrails. They are different in shape. Usually the shape depends on the desire of the customer, as they can be made to order.

With a multi-flight design, an additional support pole or several poles are installed at turns.

Installation of wooden stairs

Before installing the ladder, all parts are pre-painted.

To install the kosour to the wall, it is necessary that the walls are perfectly even.

After preparing and painting all the elements of the future staircase in a wooden house, you can proceed to assembly and installation.

First of all, they begin to install those elements that will later be difficult to approach. If the house is two-story, first install a fence on the top floor, since then it will be difficult to mount the cladding boards. When the fence is mounted, they begin marking the location of stringers and intermediate pillars on the walls. When performing this work, problems may arise due to the unevenness of the walls. To avoid problems, before starting the installation of the structure, it is necessary to take care of the alignment of the walls, but this is required if the stringer is attached directly to the wall. If the project included fastening to the upper wall stringer and to auxiliary poles indented from the wall, then alignment is not necessary.

In order to avoid misses when drilling holes, they are best done directly on site in already pre-painted elements. The evenness and accuracy of the design depends on correctly made holes.

In order not to be mistaken, you first need to make a hole in the stringer or in the column for the hairpin, then attach the element to the location and make a mark through the hole. Such work alone is not possible, as some parts are very heavy. A cross is drawn on the mark, the length of the strips is 3-4 cm, which will later help align the hole. Stringers are fastened with blind plugs and dowels, which are installed about 3 pieces for every 2 m of the structure.

Next, you can begin the process of fixing the steps. First you need to mark the places where the steps will be located. To do this, you need to rely on previously made calculations and drawings. When marking out, a level is used to draw horizontal lines to avoid bumps. It must be taken into account that the fastening mark is first made on one kosour or bowstring. After that, a step is installed and the level is checked, and only after that it is possible to make markings on the second stringer. To avoid mistakes, it is not recommended to fix the steps immediately, but only after all the markings.

The steps are marked from the bottom up, and when it comes to the last step, you need to check its size. If it does not match, then the markup is corrected. Only after all the markings are done correctly, you can start drilling the steps and fixing them.

A corner is installed along the drawn lines on the bowstring with the help of self-tapping screws, steps are subsequently installed on it, which are fixed with self-tapping screws. To fix the step, you will need 4 self-tapping screws, two on each side, but if their number is increased, then creaking can be eliminated. The flight of stairs is ready.

Installation of railings for stairs: features

The installation of railings must be taken seriously. They must be sawn at the same angle, which creates difficulties when sawing by hand, as there is a possibility of error. In this regard, the cut is made on a special machine. Fencing posts are fixed to the floor with hardware.