The main distinguishing characteristics of the electromagnetic lock are ease of operation, high degree of protection, relatively simple installation and long term service. All these factors should be considered when choosing door locks.

The principle of operation of the electromagnetic lock

The principle of operation of this type of locks is very simple. Due to the force of attraction of the electric magnet to the metal plate, it is difficult to open a door with this type of lock without a special key.

The iron plate is attached to the door leaf and the magnet is attached to the door. When an electric current enters its winding, the necessary electromagnetic field is formed, which attracts the plate on the door leaf. When a special command is given, which turns off this field, the door opens. If you do not turn off the field, then, accordingly, the electromagnetic lock will continue to work, and the door will not open.

The electromagnetic background is removed by the access control and management system.

Types of electromagnetic locks

Even this type of locks has its own subspecies, namely: with magnetic keys, mortise and overhead. They may also differ in internal design.

The most popular are mortise locks, since thanks to them, the structure and fasteners can be hidden in the end of the door and the electromagnetic lock will not take up extra space.

The advantage of electromagnetic locks over others

Friction between the elements is minimal, which means that the service life is quite long. Also, the installation of an electromagnetic lock and its connection will be within the power of even a non-professional. The equipment does not corrode and freeze, because the mount is located in the doorway.

It is quite quick and easy to attach an electromagnetic lock to the door. But if you are unsure of your abilities, then it is better to entrust this matter to a knowledgeable person, since there is a risk of ruining the door.

Disadvantages of locks

The only, but, at the same time, a significant drawback is the inability to work without electrical supply... So if you do not have an additional power source that can work in a split second after a power outage, then all the benefits come to naught. If there is such a threat that the electromagnetic lock may lose power, then it is recommended to install it together with a mechanical or electromechanical lock.

Where are such locks installed?

Most often, electromagnetic locks are installed in offices and organizations, as well as on the entrance doors of apartment buildings. It should be noted that they cannot be installed on an emergency exit door.

Other types of electronic locks

Everything electronic locks are inherently the most reliable and durable. The electromagnetic lock is just one of many. It is the simplest in its design and operation. But, as already mentioned, it has significant drawbacks that can be decisive when choosing this castle as a home.

Many people prefer electromechanical devices that use levers and a key cylinder. By outward appearance they resemble the classic familiar mechanical locks. However, they have an electromagnet small size that makes the whole system work. Outside, you can open the door with a key, but inside it will be enough to press a button, which is very convenient for apartment buildings, intercoms.

Electro-motor locks are similar in principle to electromechanical locks. The difference is that the levers are driven by a small electric motor. The system provides for the principle of "soft opening", which prolongs the life of the lock.

Installation and connection

You can connect the most electromagnetic lock. The connection diagram is presented on many sites on the Internet. Also, you can find similar information on the official websites of manufacturers or contact them for advice.

When installing an electric lock, take into account its dimensions and weight, as well as in which direction the door will open. The patency of the doorway is very important. If it is expected that the door will open and close frequently, then an electromagnetic door lock is recommended due to its durability. But if there is even the slightest doubt about the uninterrupted operation of electricity, which is necessary for the normal operation of such a lock, then it is better to give preference to an electromechanical lock, which, if something happens, can be opened with an ordinary key.

How to install an electromagnetic lock with your own hands

If you do not have enough funds, but have a sufficient amount of free time, then you can put up an electromagnetic lock with your own hands. You will need:

• Electromagnetic lock.
• Copper wire with six branches with a cross section of half a square millimeter.
• Network version for intercom and controller.
• Backup or uninterruptible power supply.
• Copper power wire with a cross section of 0.75 and 0.5 square mm.
• Panel with a call button.
• Key and reader for this key.
• Video intercom.

Install the call panel, key reader and the electromagnetic lock itself on the entrance doors or gates. The connection diagram is as follows: start up the power supply to the lock, and place the controller in the water-repellent cover. The power supply must be installed in the room together with the video intercom. Now you need to connect everything with wires for the circuit to work. Wire from the call panel to the video intercom. You also start up one line to the power grid, the controller and the intercom. The power of the last two lines should be equal to twelve volts.

As you can see, the scheme of the electromagnetic lock is very simple. But if you have not previously dealt with the installation and connection of such things, then it is better to ask for help or advice from a professional. If you buy a lock in a specialized store, then you will certainly be offered their assistance in installation and connection. In addition, there you will receive a guarantee, and in which case, you can demand a monetary compensation.

Installation of an electromagnetic door lock

If you are going to install an electromagnetic lock on wooden door, then you may be faced with the question of how to properly cut the door under the lock. To install a mortise lock yourself, you will need:

• A simple pencil.
• Drill.
• Hammer.
• File.
• Screwdriver.

First, determine at what height the lock will be from the floor. Usually this height is one meter.

Place the lock on the door and trace around it with a pencil. It must be applied to the end. Now, choose a drill bit that matches the thickness of the lock. If you do not have one, then it is allowed to use a drill that is slightly smaller than the lock. Mark the permissible drilling distance on it.

Drill to the bottom mark. The resulting hole needs to be "brought to mind". Trim the sides so it is smooth and fits well with the lock. Try on the lock from time to time and file out excess files.

When the lock will pass all the way, you can outline with a pencil where to cut the faceplate. It may be more convenient for you to choose the desired location with an extended lock. It can be applied to the door, opposite the already cut hole. Drill new holes as required.

Insert the lock and secure with the screws. Check out how the whole structure works. Close the door and turn the key, do it with force so that there are marks on the door frame.

Drill the holes along the marks and trim the walls in the same way as you did earlier. Prepare a recess for the strip and connect the electromagnetic lock to the network. The device is completely ready.

It often happens that if the client installs the lock himself, and during the connection some malfunction is detected, then the guarantee does not apply, that is, the money is not returned. Therefore, be extremely careful and careful. Measure everything several times, consult with family and friends. Try on the lock after each cut. After all, if you remove what was not needed, then the lock will simply fall out or move too much in the door, as a result of which the screws with which it is fixed will not hold it, but, on the contrary, will spoil the door and grind the holes even more.

It is also advised to install a lock on removed door to make it easier to drill the recess. After all, the drill must be held strictly perpendicular to the door, not to move or tilt to the sides. Do not rely on the fact that you can cut everything neatly without preliminary notes, more often this is a rash opinion.

Provides your attention with instructions for installing an electromagnetic lock. Now you can easily forget about simple locks... Electromagnetic locks are capable of creating a force of 350 kg. You just need to connect the electromagnetic lock.

The electromagnetic lock is capable of many things today. For it to work, you need a small level of waste of electricity. His efforts will be able to provide reliable protection from thieves. In this article you will find information on how to install an electromagnetic lock with your own hands.

What is an electromagnetic lock?

Many people don't know how an electromagnetic lock works? If you understand its design, then you can understand that the principle of operation of an electromagnetic lock is simple. Inside there is a coil that is wound on a core. The womb of the electromagnetic lock is filled with compound. This is the internal structure of the electromagnetic lock. As you can see, there is nothing complicated in its design.

The holding force of the plate will depend on the following factors:

1. Contact areas of the core and the plate.
2. The number of turns of wire.
3. Current.

The force of attraction in an electromagnetic lock will depend on the voltage. That is why the greater the tension, the greater the pulling force of the lock. Also, you need to remember that you should not overload the lock with high voltage. As a result, its coil will overheat. That is why if you have installed this device, you will need to match to it.

Some electromagnetic locks are subject to repair. They have no filler inside, so you can easily remove the coil. Thanks to filing direct current the coil does not heat up. If your lock generates heat, then this may be due to the following factors:

1. Reversal of steel.
2. Eddy currents.

You can easily eliminate both phenomena with the help of special measures. If your electromagnetic lock overheats, then it is necessary to install varnish insulation. After a power outage, you have an oscillatory circuit that will generate alternating current... The direction of the field will change very quickly. As a result, the tension will drop and the door will open.

Do-it-yourself installation of an electromagnetic lock is a fairly simple process. Almost anyone can install. Before connecting the electromagnetic lock, you need to decide what type of work it has. There are locks that work to close or open. To do this, you need to set the jumper switch correctly. In this case, the number of output terminals can be increased to five:

• Two pins will be used to supply power to the device.
• Three contacts can serve as a switch. Shared contact will always work. Others will depend on what state the button is in.

According to these factors, you need to choose a controller. Before connecting the electromagnetic lock, you need to find out:

1. Is there a limiting thyristor.
2. Is there a built-in container for blocking magnetization.
3. What does the lock react to and what kind of control it has.

During the connection, you need to pair the device with the intercom. The controller must have an input for unlocking the lock using one button. Usually, the lock opening terminal is located in a dark room and therefore it must be illuminated. The device must be applied protective covering... It will be able to provide:

• Varnish is a cheaper option. This layer will appear thick and short-lived. The force of attraction can be reduced as a result.
• Zinc is a compromise option. The layer will not be very durable. The force of gravity can drop due to the gap that can form.
• Most high-quality coating nickel is considered. It is beautiful and has no rust.

If the steel on your door is rusty, then you should take steps to clean it. You need to take a small sandpaper and clean the door.

A relatively new unit that restricts the access of unauthorized persons to private territory, whether apartment or fenced land plot, is an electromagnetic lock (EMZ). Its principle of operation is to use a powerful electromagnet, which keeps the door closed as long as current flows through its winding. It is possible to control such a locking device from any distance, as well as to fully automate the opening and closing of access to the facility.

Positive qualities of EMZ

This equipment has significant differences from traditional mechanical units:

• small size of the device;
• trouble-free work;
• resistance to aggressive influence of environmental factors;
• the absence of rubbing parts, which significantly increases the durability of the equipment. This is especially felt in those cases when an electromagnetic lock is installed on the front door, through which a significant number of people pass every day;
• do not give in to attempts to open them with master keys;
• ensure safety during fires, since they open automatically when the power is cut off, allowing people to leave all premises;
• the doors on which the electromagnetic lock has been installed cannot be opened by an intruder without the use of special powerful technical means because it is able to withstand efforts of up to several hundred kilograms.

Main technical parameters

An electromagnetic door lock has several important characteristics that you need to know about before purchasing it. It is about the holding force of the door and the remanence.

Door holding force

Any unit of this kind has a sufficiently large mechanical pull-off load, measured in kilograms. It usually varies from 100 to 1000 kg or more. The products of almost all manufacturers have a step between individual models of 50 - 100 kg.

Remanence

Sometimes it happens that even a door with a disabled lock is difficult to open. This happens due to the fact that the remanent magnetization of the electromagnetic lock installed on it is too high due to the manufacturer's violation of the technology or incorrect selection of the parameters of the magnetic material. Normally, this indicator should not exceed 1.5-2 kilograms.

Installation of electromagnetic locks on the door

Installation of this equipment is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions included in the delivery set. This is usually done this way:

• in the place where the counterpart of the lock will be installed on the door, a stencil is glued;
• with outside door leaf drill a hole with a diameter of 16 mm, as described in the instructions, as well as a couple of shallow holes with a diameter of 8 mm on the inside. They will be needed in order to fix the striker;
• the counterpart is attached using a bolt installed outside the door, which has semicircular head... On inside a rubber gasket is placed, and a counterpart is already installed on it;
• fixing the nut with a hex wrench;
• an electromagnetic lock for a wicket or an entrance door has a fastening bar. It should be fixed in the area of ​​the upper corner of the box, using the self-tapping screws included in the delivery set;
• the lock itself should be attached to the mounting plate and fixed with two screws located in its lower part, using a hex key for this;
• the diagram for connecting the electromagnetic lock to the power supply is as follows: the positive electrode is connected to the red wire, and the negative one to the black one.

ATTENTION! When installing an electromagnetic lock on a door with your own hands, you should not overtighten the nut on the strike plate, it should still be able to spring a little due to the rubber gasket, thereby ensuring the most tight contact with the magnet!

The use of EMZ in a single scheme with an intercom

An electromagnetic door lock, where the set does not include an intercom, can work with this device in a single circuit, which can be assembled on your own. The outdoor panel is mounted on the street side of the entrance doors. The wiring diagram for an intercom with an electromagnetic lock assumes receiving power and transmitting a video / audio signal through the same combined cable.

The video intercom monitor is installed indoors, and its power supply is carried out from a 220 V network. An electromagnetic mortise or overhead lock is mounted on a gate made either of wood or metal. Its power supply is provided by controlled contacts located on the door station. The EMZ's own power supply unit is located in the room and takes energy from the household electrical network with a voltage of 220 V. From it to the EMZ, a cable with a cross-section of half a square is drawn if the distance does not exceed a couple of tens of meters, or one and a half square if it is more.

Connection diagram of a video intercom with an electromagnetic lock:

EMZ on a metal entrance door

Without exception, all such devices, regardless of where they will be installed, have a common principle of operation and design. The only difference between electromagnetic locks for metal doors, is their great power. Given the strength of the door leaf, it makes sense to use in this case models with a door holding force of 500 kg.

EMZ equipped with a controller

Autonomous controllers are used in conjunction with EMZ to restrict access to residential apartment buildings, administrative offices and industrial facilities. Electromagnetic lock with controller can be used in unified system with such equipment:

• contact and contactless key readers;
• normally open buttons for opening the locks;
• external LEDs and buzzers;
• open door sensors;
• an input inversion jumper, which allows the doors to be opened both by supplying and removing voltage.

Also EMZ, equipped with a controller, is compatible with a PC that maintains a database of keys, and also makes their operational change, both unloading and loading.

Selected EMZ models

There is a very large number of different models of this equipment, here are some of them that are popular in the market of our country, with a short list of their characteristic features.

ML400

Electromagnetic lock ML400 is used to lock entrance doors, leaf thickness of which is 30 - 50 mm. Its installation is carried out on inner surface an outward opening door equipped with a door closer. The holding force of the unit is 400 kg, power is supplied to it under a voltage of 9 - 15 V, while the power consumption does not exceed 7.2 W. Unlocking occurs when the current is cut off.

Miniature ML-180K, electromagnetic lock, mainly used on interior doors and closets of institutions and offices. It has a holding force of 180 kg, powered by a 12 V source, while consuming no more than 0.4 A of current. An important feature of this model is that its residual magnetization is zero.

The AL-400SH electromagnetic universal shift lock has a holding force of 400 kg, is powered from 12 or 24 V, while consuming 0.9 A of current. The equipment is installed discreetly, equipped with a reed switch, as well as a sensor that controls door blocking. It is possible to output data about the state of the door to the security panel.

Many people who have private houses or summer cottages are increasingly beginning to think about a convenient security system and access control to their territory. The most simple and affordable option today is an individual intercom that can be easily installed on their own without the involvement of specialists. To do this, you just need to strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions. With such a device, you can completely protect yourself from the visit of uninvited guests.

Why is it necessary to install an intercom in a private house

The main task that the intercom must perform is to ensure the safety of the owners of the house and to protect them from strangers. It is very important to have an audio or video intercom if there are elderly people in the house or if there are small children who most need the maximum degree of protection. The presence of an intercom will help protect people from the danger that may arise due to excessive carelessness.

Thanks to the intercom, you do not have to leave the house and go through the entire courtyard to the gate in order to see who has come, since you can communicate with the visitor via audio or video communication and, if necessary, skip him by pressing a button on your device.

But before purchasing such a device, you need to decide exactly for what purposes it will be used and how much you are willing to spend on your safety. That is why everyone should know what types of intercoms exist at the present time, what functions they perform, what types of locks exist for these devices and how much all this equipment costs. It is also very important to know if it is possible, if necessary, to install an intercom in a private house with your own hands.

Types of intercoms and standard schemes for their connection

According to their design features intercoms differ in the type of signal they transmit. The devices can transmit a signal from the call panel to the main unit by audio or video:

Often, audio intercoms are installed in the entrances of multi-storey buildings, where they mainly play a warning function. The video intercom is more useful for private houses, since in a high-rise building it is installed only near the door of the apartment and is not intended for general use.

In a private household, the video intercom will play a large role, since the owner can not only hear, but also see the visitor and, if necessary, not let him into his territory.

Modern intercoms, in addition to the main elements (a ringing device, a lockable lock, a handset for negotiations and a power supply), can be equipped with additional functionality:

• answering machine. If the owner is not at home, then thanks to this function he will be able to listen to the recordings left by the people who came, and even receive them on a mobile phone;
• motion sensor. This device records the visitor who is in the area of ​​its coverage. When a person appears near the device, his image is instantly transmitted to the TV monitor connected to the intercom;
• memory block. Thanks to this function, the visitor's image is recorded on a special device from the moment the call button on the intercom was pressed. As the memory becomes full, old recordings are erased and replaced by new ones.

At the request of the owner of the house, the intercom can be equipped with an unlimited number of monitors and additional CCTV cameras.

Basically, all intercoms are connected to the outdoor panels using wires. There are also wireless devices, but their range is quite limited. Today there are three typical schemes wired intercom connection:

1. For multi-storey building... This scheme is quite complicated and is not needed by the owners of private houses, since it involves connecting a large number audio on-door speakerphones and their connection to a common network using special devices. This system is quite expensive, therefore, it is acquired by all residents of the house in a joint effort.
2. For individual use with electric lock control. it standard version connecting an intercom in a private house, as it allows you to connect the device and the lock into a common circuit. From the first time it may seem difficult, but for a person who understands at least a little electrical diagrams will be quite affordable. Here, from the monitor, which is located inside the house, it is necessary to lay one with a four-core cable to the outdoor panel, which is located, as a rule, on the entrance gate. On the gate itself, it is necessary to install a key reader, with the help of which the owners will enter the house, the lock controller and the power supply unit, which will supply voltage to the system. On the side of the house, on the gate, an exit button is placed for the owners. All of the listed components of the access control system are usually located next to each other and connected with short pieces of wire. The wiring diagram is included with the controller.
   

   When connected to the electric lock circuit, the user from home can see the visitor, talk to him and, if necessary, open the door for him

3. Simple diagram for individual use. In this case, the connection of the outdoor unit to the indoor unit will be made using four wires. Two of them are for power transmission, and two are for audio and video signals. According to this scheme, each owner of the house will be able to independently connect the intercom by connecting four contacts on the outdoor unit with the corresponding four contacts on the internal one. An electronic lock is not provided here.

Home intercom device

Video intercoms are very popular among owners of private houses. Therefore, we will consider their structure in more detail.

Call panel

The outdoor unit, which is mounted at the entrance to the house, is equipped with a video camera and a call button. There is also a negotiation device that allows you to communicate with the owners if there is little video communication. The camcorder can transmit black and white or color images.

According to the installation method, call devices can be mortise and overhead:

• mortise panels are more expensive, but they are better protected from burglary and various climatic conditions;
• overhead blocks are produced in durable plastic cases, but they still wear out more and are subject to various mechanical damage. For such panels domestic manufacturers offer durable protective pads that protect the device from breakage.

Indoor unit (monitor)

The indoor unit is a black and white or color monitor depending on the model. Black and white monitors are a thing of the past and are practically not produced. Color models are equipped with a 10 cm diagonal screen and a handset or hands-free button for answering a call. The monitor also has a button to open the lock, keys for additional functions, and buttons or knobs for adjusting the sound and picture.

Most modern video intercoms have a handsfree button instead of a handset.

Types of doorphone locks

The intercom can be connected to an electromagnetic or electro mechanical lock... Both options are mains powered, so we'll look at how they work and what their characteristics are.

The electromechanical lock is modern locking device for an intercom, which opens with a single press of a button or a special key. It operates on 12 V, so it requires a step-down transformer.

Castle advantages

1. Allows you to open a wicket or door at a certain distance (when connected to an intercom).
2. It can work even in the absence of power (without the possibility of remote control).
3. Manufactured from high level privacy and security.
4. Can be equipped with a motor powered by a small electric motor.
5. It has an electric latch that can be opened by turning the handle.

When choosing such a lock for outdoor use, it must be borne in mind that its front side there is a button that you can reach with your hand, bending over the fence, and open the wicket. A street lock with electromechanics can be mortise and invoice.

You also need to know that in the event of a power outage, only the invoice version of the lock can work.

Before purchasing such a lock, you need to find out what type of door leaf it is suitable for and what is the principle of its operation. Experts recommend “Polis” or Fass Lock brand locks for a private house.

The electromechanical lock has a manual opening button, so intruders can enter unnoticed, bending over the gate or reaching the button through the slits in the door leaf

Lock electromagnetic action designed to close a door or wicket and keep them closed by means of a powerful electromagnetic board that attracts a steel plate mounted on the door or wicket. The electromagnet is mounted on door frame or strapping the wicket, and the steel plate is attached to the door or wicket itself.

In the closing mode, a current flows to the magnet winding, which creates a powerful electromagnetic field, which quickly attracts the steel plate to itself. As a result, the gate held by the magnet is closed. In order for it to open, the tension must be relieved from the lock. This is done by pressing a button on the intercom: the circuit is opened, the electromagnetic field disappears and the gate opens.

The electromagnetic lock works only when the voltage is applied to it, so if your power is suddenly cut off, the gate may remain open

By their design, the locks can be working for separation and shear, as well as overhead and mortise.

The most popular are overhead models that work on tear-off. Due to the fact that such locks do not contain moving and rubbing elements, they serve long years and can work in all weather conditions.

But if the power supply suddenly stops, the lock will stop working and the door will remain open. To prevent such situations, you will have to install an uninterruptible power system.

Electromagnetic locks vary in the strength with which they hold the front door. This value is set in kilograms and should be much larger than the mass of the wicket. For medium-sized wickets, a lock with a holding capacity of 300–400 kg is sufficient.

How to independently install and connect a video intercom

In order to start installing the intercom, we need the following tools:

1. Sharp knife.
2. Powerful rotary hammer and drill bits.
3. Electric screwdriver.
4. Spatula and lance or wall chaser for creating chases in walls.
5. Grinder and discs for cutting metal.
6. Various screwdrivers.
7. Comfortable pliers.
8. Nice hammer.
9. Spatula and kneading utensils.

In addition, you need to prepare:

1. Power cable (length is calculated individually).
2. UTP cable (twisted pair).
3. Several outlets.
4. Automatic switch.
5. Self-tapping screws and dowel-nails.
6. Electrical tape, protective clothing.
7. Corrugated pipe for wires (you can use a straight one).
8. Cable channels.
9. Putty mixture for sealing the strobe.
10. Drills of various diameters.
11. Perforated tape and hardware.

Step-by-step diagram of installing a video intercom with an electromechanical lock

1. We choose a convenient and accessible place on the wicket or gate to place the outdoor panel. We disassemble the panel and mark the place of its installation. We drill holes for fasteners and wires.

   The outdoor panel can be installed at an angle to the surface of the wicket, for which there is a special adapter in the kit

2. From the front side, we run a four-core wire and connect it as indicated in the instructions.
3. We lead the cable to the installation site of the controller, which is a plastic box located near the lock. So we have to start less wires and it will be more convenient to make connections. The controller can be installed in an outdoor enclosure or embedded in a wall.

   The lock controller is a small printed circuit board that can be mounted in a plastic box next to the lock or embedded in the wall

4. We install a reader next to the door station, and with back side wickets - exit button. We reduce the wires (two cores) from each of the devices to the controller and connect them to the appropriate connectors (DALLAS and "EXTERNAL SD" for the controller and "BUTTON" for the exit button). Connect the wires from the door station in parallel with the exit button.
5. We check the correctness of all connections. We unscrew the call panel, fasten its rear wall with self-tapping screws to the installation site. Putting it back together.
6. Next, we go into the house and install the monitor. We attach the bracket included in the delivery set to the dowels. There should be a 220V socket nearby. If it is not there, you will have to start a power wire from electrical panel... Then it is better to connect the equipment to a separate machine and sign it. So it will be much more convenient to deal with the wires in the future. After that, we hang the monitor on the bracket.
   

   The video intercom monitor is hung on a bracket that is attached to the wall with self-tapping screws

We install the power supply. It must supply voltage to the lock and all devices located on the gate. It is best to use an outdoor device and mount it near the lock. For electromechanical locks, a 12 V and 3 A power supply is needed, for an electromagnetic locking device, a 12 V and 1 A source is sufficient.

The lock, controller and other components of the access control system are best powered from a nearby source.

We lay the cable. We run the wires running along the street underground in special engineering pipes made of plastic or metal. In total, you need to lay one four-wire cable for connecting the monitor and the ringer and one two-wire cable for supplying 220 V. security sensors, etc.

For laying underground, cables are pulled into corrugated hoses and laid in a dug trench in plastic or metal pipes

7. We do the wiring in the house. It can be either open or recessed into the walls. But for the hidden laying of the wire, we will have to groove the walls, and then cover them with putty and alabaster. It is best to do preliminary closed wiring for the intercom when the house is just being built or renovated. If there are no cables laid down, and you don't want to spoil the wallpaper or paint, choose open type wiring. To do this, we lay cables along the walls from the outside, running them into plastic cable channels.
8. We connect a four-core cable to the intercom as follows:
   • yellow - audio channel;
   • black - common;
   • red - 12 volts ("plus");
   • white - video image.
9. We install the lock on the gate. The surface of the counter plate must be installed without distortions, since otherwise the lock will not fit snugly against it and close. Since the operation of the lock is performed using a relay, a common wire is connected to it, and a positive contact is connected to the controller ("+12 V" terminal). All work should be carried out with the power off.

   The electromechanical lock has a tongue that must fit tightly into the striker

10. We program keys. In order for the owners to enter the house, you need to provide them with access keys. Information about each identifier is recorded in the controller's memory. On the first activation, it will react with infrequent signals with sound and light. First, you need to create a master key using a special procedure described in the instructions. Then, one by one, we bring each subscriber key to the reader and wait for the confirmation signal. In this way, we write the required number of identifiers into memory, making sure that the time between entries is no more than 16 seconds.
    

    After programming, the information about the access code from each key is written into the controller's memory, and the device is allowed to pass

11. We check the work of the intercom. To do this, make a call from the panel - the monitor must give a signal. We pick up the phone, talk to check the volume and sound quality, and also try to open the gate. If all actions were successful, it means that we have installed the intercom correctly and can be used. Usually difficulties arise with the installation of a lock and controller. Therefore, if a problem is found, the first step is to carefully check the correctness of all connections to this device.

Video: how to install an intercom with your own hands

The device and features of connecting a video intercom

To connect a video intercom, you need a four-core cable. In the store, you can purchase a special wire, where two copper conductors are located next to a coaxial two-wire wire. It is called a combo video cable. Usually a cable of the KVK-P 2x0.75 brand is used.

For the lock, two more wires are added, which will allow you to control its mechanism without leaving your home. The call panel is usually screwed at a height of 150 cm from the ground.

If we are going to install a wireless intercom, there is no need to lay and connect the cable. You just need to properly supply the power.

Video on-door speakerphone Quantum QM-4HP

Many people prefer to install a convenient, practical and reliable Quantum QM-4HP video intercom in their private home.

Its main characteristics:

• four-inch (approximately 10 cm diagonally) CRT monitor;
• parallel work of up to 4 monitors in one system;
• door opening button;
• connection of one outdoor panel;
• installation of a video memory block;
• connecting an additional audio tube.

Connection diagram of the Quantum QM-4HP video on-door speakerphone

The video intercom is connected according to the standard four-wire circuit, which we described above. Therefore, this model can be used to install an access control system in a private house according to our step-by-step instructions.

The Quantum QM-4HP video on-door speakerphone can be used with an additional video camera and a 32-frame memory unit

In order to install the intercom correctly, you must strictly follow all the manufacturer's recommendations and understand the intricacies of installation electrical wires and devices. If everything is done according to the instructions, then you will not have to involve specialists and spend additional funds on the installation of this device. As a result, you will get an excellent intercom with an audio or video system, which will greatly facilitate your life in a private house.

It is not profitable to install electromechanical locks in places with high traffic: due to the large number of parts, the complexity of the mechanism, it quickly fails. It is more profitable to install an electromagnetic lock - a set that works both as a regular lock and from a magnetic effect. Different from mechanical devices quick installation, ease of use and reliability. You can assemble it yourself.

Electromagnetic mechanism device

Magnetic locks are used everywhere: the simplest in wardrobes, handbags. More sophisticated devices are used to protect premises where access is restricted. These electromagnetic locks are powered by electricity.

Most often, such devices are installed on the front door of the entrance. The kit includes:

• Electromagnet.
• Metal plate.
• Controller.

The electromagnet consists of:

• Frame.
• Winding.
• Core.

When current is applied, a magnetic field is formed, which attracts the plate, the door is in a closed state, it is impossible to open it without a key. You can unlock the front door by pressing a button or using a key: the current is suspended for a short period of time, and the door leaf can be easily opened.

Due to the lightness of the mechanism, the electromagnetic lock will serve for many years. It is easy to install, easy to use. Can be controlled remotely (intercom). Locks for front door can be assembled by hand.

Types of electromagnetic locks

Electromagnetic locks are:

• Retaining - a device made of a body, a core with a winding, a counter plate.

The set includes: Core - a set of plates ("W" shape), or a solid block. Solid core locks are more compact because they do not have a case. Products with a case are quickly demagnetized, a lock with a solid core - have residual magnetization, therefore, they are used in rare cases.

The winding is made of wire (copper). The power of the device depends on the number of turns.

The body consists of a material that does not magnetise (aluminum, stainless steel).

As for the mating plate (anchor), it has holes for fixing, and a spring that spreads the elements after the power is turned off.

Outside the body and important details the lock is nickel-plated to protect it from corrosion.

In order to correctly place the device during installation, the kit includes a corner, hardware, gaskets, a template.

The holding electromagnetic door lock can be: overhead and mortise.

When installed, the magnet is placed on the door frame to make it easier to wire into the controller.

When choosing the power of the mechanism, one must proceed from the weight of the door leaf: the heavier it is, the more powerful the lock is needed. The lightest models are designed for glass sheets. Powerful ones start from a force of 500 kg, you cannot open without a special key.

They can also be installed on armored doors. There is no point in installing a too powerful lock - it requires a lot of energy, it is more expensive.

• Sliding - most often this is a cut-in kit, which, in addition to magnetic force, uses mechanics: with an electrical impulse, the core attracts the armature with protrusions. They fit into the grooves on the counterpart of the lock. When the power is turned off, the armature is released by means of a spring.

When installing, both parts must be precisely positioned. If it is skewed, even a couple of millimeters, there will be a malfunction.

Sliding locks have high degree safety, because they are in the middle of the box. Because of this, it is not easy to get to it. Controlled by the controller.

Electromagnetic devices do not work independently, but are part of an access control and management system. The kit may include:

• Internal unlocking button.
• Code entry panel.
• Magnetic key reader.

• Biometric evaluator.

It is possible to connect an intercom via a controller.

Installing a magnetic lock

To install an electromagnetic lock, you need the following set of tools:

• Drill.
• Screwdriver.
• Perforator.
• Drill.
• Screwdriver.
• Pliers.
• Nippers.
• Roulette.
• Marker.
• Level.

Step-by-step DIY installation algorithm:

• First step: determine the location. The lock can be placed horizontally or vertically. Mark with a marker where the electromagnet will be located and precisely determine the location of the counter metal plate.
• Second step: make holes for the side pins (the diameter is indicated in the lock installation manual). First attach metal plate on them and then install the center bolt.
• The third stage: Do-it-yourself installation of an electromagnet. First, attach the mounting plate (using a hex key), remove the wires.
• Check the work: open, close. Install door closers if necessary.

Why is there a controller in an electromagnetic lock

The electromagnetic lock, in addition to the core, winding, case, panel, has a control controller.

It is known that during operation, the energized winding forms a magnetic field that attracts the plate - the door closes.

The controller is the part of the mechanism that is responsible for supplying current. With its help, the control of the canvas is carried out. Sometimes a sensor is built into the controller, where the response time of the mechanism is set.

To open the lock from the outside you need a key, a card. The controller remembers the device code. There are so many code options that it is impossible to pick up.

The controller is essentially electronic microcircuit... It is located near the door, in a special block. A button to exit is also connected to it.

Advantages and disadvantages

The following advantages can be distinguished in the operation of an electromagnetic lock:

• Reliability. Unlike electromechanical locks, it does not have a lot of parts that can fail with a large number of people. Installed in entrances, offices, workshops.
• You can open the door remotely.
• Can be installed on a canvas made of any material (metal, wood, plastic, glass). The main thing is to consult with a specialist before buying a lock: what kind of force is needed to install the mechanism on a door made of the selected material.
• Easy to install, maintain.
• Doesn't require a lot of electricity. But the more powerful the force of impact, the more energy will be needed. But it makes no sense to install such a mechanism. Better to choose something average (350-500 kg).
• Temperature drops, precipitation do not affect the operation of the mechanism.
• Affordable cost.
• You can connect additional devices (videophone).

The big disadvantage of the electromechanical lock is the complete dependence on the power supply. If for any reason light will go out then the door will be easy to open. It is especially dangerous if the door is entrance.

Fortunately, this problem can be eliminated by installing an additional battery pack. If the electricity goes out, the controller switches to backup power... In case of serious accidents, the system may not function.

Another solution is an additional mechanical lock. It is reliable, and even if it breaks over time, it is easy to repair it with your own hands.

What you need to consider when assembling an electromagnetic lock with your own hands

To assemble an electromechanical lock with your own hands, you need to know the details of its device. It is about electromechanical padlock for the front door. The operation of the mechanism depends on two parts: a magnet and a reed switch.

A reed switch (or sealed contact) is a device that changes the state of an electrical circuit under the influence of a magnetic field.

An example of installing an electromagnetic lock

One lock includes one magnet and four reed switches. One of the reed switches has a closed contact. A reed switch with a closed contact, which is not subject to the action of the magnet, but is subject to the action of the current. If you try to open the mechanism with a magnet, then the door will not open thanks to this one reed switch.

These are the main points that must be taken into account when assembling the castle with your own hands.