If you don’t know what half-timbered architecture is, then you should remember the characteristic German houses that appeared in the Middle Ages, but are still popular today. This style is characterized by facades with characteristic paneling dark timber and light wall fillings. Because of beauty and organicity of this style half-timbered construction technology still remains popular in Germany and the Nordic countries.

Properties of modern half-timbering

The construction of houses using half-timbered technology can be confidently classified as frame house construction. In fact, this is one of its varieties. IN in this case The functions of load-bearing structures are performed by a frame made of wooden beams. Glued laminated timber is ideal for the frame, as it can easily withstand various deformations. To connect frame elements in the corners and among themselves, special methods are used that give additional rigidity to the entire structure.

Important: main feature This style is that metal fasteners are not used to connect frame elements. Beams and beams are connected using dowels, wooden dowels and other wood products.

A half-timbered frame house can be built from different wall materials. In the Middle Ages, adobe was used to make walls. Today, brick, OSB, and sometimes glass are used to fill the wall structure between the beams. In principle, any material can be used, since the wall itself does not serve as a load-bearing structure. The entire load falls on the frame. A characteristic feature of the style is that the frame is not hidden in the wall structure, but rather is put on display, being an architectural element. Most often, frame beams are made in contrasting dark color against the backdrop of light, sometimes white walls.

The half-timbered house is very warm. This is achieved through the use thermal insulation materials in wall construction. Additional benefit Such buildings have virtually unlimited planning possibilities. Since the wall does not serve as a load-bearing structure, partitions and partitions can be easily removed, moved, changing the layout.

Half-timbered construction technology frame house quite complicated due to the peculiarities of the frame installation. However, if you have certain skills in working with wood, you can easily build such houses yourself. In addition, spatial thinking and knowledge of spatial geometry will not be superfluous.

Advice: it is better to build half-timbered houses from a ready-made house kit. If you want to get a high-quality, strong and durable structure, then it is better to entrust the work of assembling the house to professionals.

Advantages and Disadvantages

A frame house in the half-timbered style has the following advantages:

1. The main advantage of such buildings is their aesthetic appeal and unlike other frame buildings. Such houses should be chosen by those who want their home to stand out from the general development with its originality and unusual beauty.
2. To build any frame house, including a half-timbered one, powerful foundation structures are not needed. A shallow one will be sufficient strip base or another structure (column or pile-screw) depending on the geological features of the area.
3. Since laminated veneer lumber or other wood material, past chamber drying, the structure practically does not shrink. For this reason, the installation of windows and doors, as well as finishing the house, can be done immediately after the construction of the frame. Thanks to this, moving into the house will happen much faster than in other wooden buildings.
4. Although the frame structures are exposed, engineering communications, on the contrary, can be very easily hidden inside a wall or floor structure.

Half-timbered houses have some disadvantages, which are also worth mentioning:

1. Open wooden structures the frame must be processed periodically protective compounds so that their load-bearing capacity does not decrease. So, you will need fire retardants to protect against burning, antiseptic compounds will help protect the wood from rot and damage by insects, and you will also need solutions to protect from moisture.
2. When building such a house in a harsh climate, it is necessary to thoroughly insulate the walls. As a result, the thickness of the wall structure increases, which entails the need to use more massive beams for the frame.
3. Ordinary frame houses will cost less than buildings built using half-timbered technology.

Installation technology

When installing the frame, a special connection technology is used wooden elements, which only professionals can design correctly. Thus, the following types of connections are used:

• mann;
• polumann;
• corner mann;
• wilderman;
• "St. Andrew's cross" and others.

Foundation and frame

Pouring the foundation on the site is carried out independently. In parallel with it, a frame can be manufactured at the factory. It will be much faster if these two operations are performed simultaneously.

After pouring the base and delivering lumber for the frame to the construction site, work is carried out in the following order:

1. Horizontal waterproofing is required on the foundation.
2. After this is done top harness. To do this, a support beam is installed. It must be firmly attached to the base. Anchor bolts are used for fixation.
3. Logs are attached to the strapping beam. On cranial bars, fixed to the logs, reel boards are laid. At this stage it is worth insulating the floor. To do this, waterproofing is laid on the floor structure, and thermal insulation material is placed on top of it in the gaps between the joists.
4. The floor is covered with a layer of vapor barrier on top, and a rough covering is laid.

Next, the vertical beams are installed. For joining inclined, vertical, horizontal and spacer beams, a tenon connection option called “warm” is used. For rigid fixation are used wooden dowels. The most common options for warm connections:

• dovetail;
• secret thorn.

Further installation of structures is carried out in accordance with the project, observing the sequence of stages. Simultaneously with the construction of the supporting frame, partitions are made, which are also mounted using frame-frame technology.

Fillers for walls

After the process of constructing the frame is completed, you can begin to fill the gaps between the frame elements of the walls. It’s easier to say that the sieve of the walls is being filled.

Stone, brick, cellular concrete elements (aerated concrete, foam blocks, etc.) can be used as fillers. IN modern houses in most cases, sheet wood and panel materials are used, namely OSB, moisture-resistant plywood, cement-bonded particle boards, lining, gypsum fiber sheets, etc. When choosing a material for walls, it is worth considering that the products must meet the following requirements:

• high moisture resistance;
• excellent strength;
• low specific gravity;
• environmental cleanliness;
• low thermal conductivity.

Important: if you use heavy materials (stone, brick) as wall filler, then this should be taken into account at the design stage, because under such a house you need to lay powerful buried foundations. Foundation calculations must be made taking into account the material of the walls.

When filling the frame, it is worth remembering that from the outside of the walls, the frame beams should be visible, that is, the filling material should not completely cover the entire outer surface of the walls. WITH inside can be used at home different options, here everything depends on the style of the interior.

If you want to build extraordinary house, then double-glazed windows can be used as wall filler. As a result, you will get maximum natural lighting in the premises and a panoramic view of the landscape around the house. However, the abundance of glazing does not help retain heat in the house. Even if you put energy-saving double-glazed windows, in areas with harsh winters this will not help retain heat.

As finishing walls you can use any materials:

• facing tiles imitating brickwork;
• plaster with decorative compounds;
• clapboard covering.

Roof of a half-timbered house

Most often, in a half-timbered house, the usual gable roof. It harmonizes perfectly with the overall architectural style of the house. Characteristic feature such buildings is the absence attic floor and attic. In addition, half-timbered houses are characterized by wide roof overhangs. They protect the walls of the house well from precipitation, and the rooms from the abundance of sunlight in summer.

In the role roofing may act:

• euroslate;
• soft roll roofing;
• metal tiles;
• corrugated sheeting

Important: due to significant specific gravity It is not recommended to use natural tiles as roofing.

House interior

Many people who have never been inside a half-timbered house believe that the inside looks the same as the outside. Sometimes the interior of a house is actually decorated in the same style as the exterior. In this case, white tones predominate in the decoration of the room; the style is characterized by a lot free space and some asceticism.

But besides this, you can use other styles in decorating the premises of such a house. For example, the high-tech style with its abundance of metallic shine and minimalism is ideal for a half-timbered house. Any metal parts, especially forged items, look quite organic in the interior.

Advice: it is worth considering that beams in the interior can be used not only as decorative element, but also as a basis for hanging shelves, hanging cabinets, installing lighting and other interesting solutions.

The technology for building half-timbered houses came to us from the Middle Ages. Although the first buildings of this type appeared in the 12th century AD, they became most widespread in Germany in the 15th century, and then became popular throughout Northern Europe. This technology is still used in the construction of buildings in many countries. It has stood the test of time for several centuries. If you decide to build half-timbered house do it yourself, then in this article we will describe many of the nuances that you need to know before making a final decision.

Peculiarities

The German word Fachwerk translates as “frame, lattice structure,” which already gives an idea of design feature of this building. The technology for building such a house is the construction of a frame made of wooden beams, which serves as a load-bearing structure. Vertical and horizontal racks are combined by beams under different angles, which gives the structure rigidity and strength. Monolithic walls are not erected, since this is how they are obtained when filling the space between the beams various materials. During the Middle Ages, adobe, clay were used for this, and later stone and brick.

The load-bearing beams of such buildings are not hidden, they go out onto the facade and look like a decorative element, which gives half-timbered houses their unique and recognizable personality. The frame elements, deliberately highlighted in color, create a whimsical ornament on the building's façade.

Modern reading

Reliability and durability are confirmed by the fact that buildings that are about five hundred years old have been preserved. Interest in this style began to revive at the end of the last century, especially since modern technologies have helped to reinterpret classic examples of such buildings in a new way.

Using laminated veneer lumber instead of conventional wood to make a frame provides many advantages. Its superior strength to wood, greater water resistance, more high temperature fire resistance, resistance to mold and fungi allow you to get rid of the disadvantages inherent in wooden houses.

Modern technologies have made it possible to create, while observing all the advantages of a half-timbered structure, “ glass house", when the planes between the frame elements are filled with especially strong double-glazed windows.

Benefits of technology

• The aesthetic appeal of such houses is undeniable - they are original, unlike the buildings we are used to.
• Such buildings do not require a strong foundation, which leads to a reduction in construction time and cost.
• The buildings have very little shrinkage, which is due to the light weight of the frame. This allows you to begin external and interior decoration immediately after completion of its installation.
• Since the main vertical load is borne by the building frame, the layout interior spaces not constrained by the need to construct load-bearing walls.
• Construction time is several times higher compared to buildings constructed using traditional methods.

Nuances of building a house

It may seem that building a half-timbered house can be easy and quick, but this is not so. You can often hear advertisements that such construction is carried out by one person per tight deadlines, but do not be deluded by this half-truth, since the rapid construction of such a house is only possible if a team of specialists gets down to business. Moreover, they assemble the frame from parts prepared in advance at the factory. In this case, indeed, your house can be built in just 2 weeks.

If you take up self-execution this work, it is important to realize the limits of your capabilities in order to complete the work you have begun. To do the job correctly, you not only need to know how to use a tool, you need to have one. In addition, you will need to competently perform numerous calculations. Such qualities as accuracy and scrupulousness are necessary, because later it will not be possible to redo it, and there will be no way to cover the flaws with panels. The mood has not changed, and are you ready to continue building on your own? Then study the list of work performed.

Sequence of work

• Depending on climatic and landscape conditions the area in which the house will be built, a corresponding project is being developed.
• As with any other building, a foundation needs to be made for a half-timbered house. Considering the small mass of the house, we will focus on a shallowly buried strip foundation 50 cm wide by performing calculations on our online calculator. You can also make a different type of foundation, as for an ordinary frame house.
• For the manufacture of load-bearing structures we will use laminated veneer lumber, the size of which must be indicated in the project. Nowadays, buy one building material won't be a problem. You can also use regular, guaranteed dry timber of the same size.
• If you don’t have the skills for such work, but want to do everything yourself, then it’s better to find or order a project in accordance with your needs, order blanks from a company specializing in the manufacture of half-timbered houses, and then, using the drawings, begin assembly.

• A layer of waterproofing is laid on the foundation, and the beams of the lower frame are laid on top of it.
• Metal anchors are used to attach the beams to the foundation.

• When assembling the frame, it is important to ensure that the parts are completely inserted into the grooves. The joints of the frame parts, which will bear a large load, must be further strengthened, for which they can be used metal plates, corners or staples.
• In that part of the building where the walls will be blank, it is necessary to ensure that the depth of the frame frames is sufficient for insulation from cellulose fibers.

• Interior partitions are assembled from smaller timber, about 50×50 mm. Frame dowels are used to secure them to the floor.
• On top of the vertical beams, longitudinal girders are installed, to which the floor boards will need to be attached.
• If provided for by the project, crossbars are installed above the interfloor piping.
• The frame of the house is strengthened at the corners with braces, which can be either closed or open.
• Now you can start making the roof.

We briefly described the stages of work on assembling the frame so that you can imagine what you will have to do. Why is a list of work being performed provided, and not step by step instructions? Because each house will be structurally different, and there are several assembly technologies. To get acquainted with the construction in more detail, we suggest watching the video.

Video: building a half-timbered house

As you can see, the process of assembling a house cannot be called simple, and it will not be possible to build such a structure alone.

One more distinctive feature There is extensive glazing, so the building differs in its appearance from its predecessors, built centuries ago. Often, when talking about buildings built using half-timbered technology, people call them glass houses.

Video: more details about glass houses

Glazing a house is a separate topic, but due to the design features, a special technology has been developed, which is described in the following story.

Video: glazing of half-timbered frames

So, we can conclude that the construction of a modern glass house Only a team of specialists can perform it efficiently.

If it's small country house with small windows, then the rigidity of the structure will be ensured by numerous struts, and the openings are sealed with available materials - exactly as our great-grandfathers did.

The space between the beams and crossbars, which, as a rule, are left visible from the outside, is filled with various materials; these are frame houses, it doesn’t matter whether it’s board or board, they are used in half-timbering.

In ancient times in Germany, the Germans used clay mixed with. There is even a house dating back to the 13th century, which was built by a German builder in 1347.

During this time, the timber beams did not rot, and the wood became as strong as stone. This house will stand for many more centuries. Europeans have long realized the reliability of these houses, and gradually they are beginning to appear in Russia. And all this was done by hand, without the use of power tools.

It is amazing that a half-timbered house can stand for more than 500 years, this proves the reliability of this type of construction.

Today, technological solutions can be very diverse; in half-timbered construction, panoramic double-glazed windows, brick, wood, natural stone, etc. are used instead of walls.

Features of German frame houses in Germany

A characteristic feature of a half-timbered house is the protrusion of each upper floor above the previous one. This historically established feature is not at all connected with the desire to increase the area of ​​the upper floor. This was done in order to protect the facade of the house, which is also the supporting frame of the entire building, from precipitation and excess moisture. Thanks to such indentations, water flowing down the walls of the upper floors flows directly to the ground, and the facade of the lower floor remains dry.

Half-timbered houses

Despite the fact that the widespread use of half-timbered houses was associated to some extent with the desire to save wood, this technology has shown itself to be excellent and has a number of advantages.

This is a fairly inexpensive and environmentally friendly type of construction that you can afford to build with your own hands. Half-timbered houses are unusual and beautiful.

At modern construction glued laminated timber is more often used coniferous species, which provides buildings with strength and durability, but you can also use regular timber, the main thing is to choose dry timber of good quality.

Modern houses using half-timbered technology

Thanks to the use of modern modern house in the half-timbered style it will not only be aesthetically attractive, but also warm and cozy.

When choosing a material to fill the space between the beams, you can show your imagination and use, along with traditional building materials, glass, carved wood, clay mixtures etc. Painting beams or fillers with modern paints and varnishes will be beneficial and protect against moisture.

Having all these advantages, half-timbered houses are still being built today; many are ready to build such structures with their own hands. In addition, being quite lightweight in nature, half-timbered houses do not require construction. Perfect for them, which will allow you to build such a house even on a slope and on the purchase of land.

Video about modern glass frame half-timbered houses

Probably, many travel lovers in Western Europe paid attention to the charming fairy houses. They themselves are a striking attraction. Today, such houses are starting to be built in Russia, America, and Australia. And yet the most familiar place for them is Germany. Of course, many of our readers have already guessed that we will talk about half-timbered houses. What is it? Let's figure it out.

Studying half-timbered

This is special building structure a certain type. In other words, it is a rigid frame made of timber, which is formed by a system of horizontal, diagonal, vertical elements - posts, beams, braces. The gaps are filled with insulating material. At first, clay, stone, and adobe were used. Today, half-timbered houses are built using modern insulation materials, sandwich panels. The choice of such materials these days is huge, so it depends on the preferences of the customer and his financial capabilities. Now you understand what half-timbered timber is. Let's figure out where and how it is used.

The facade of a half-timbered house in the old days was different - it was left in its original form, then they began to cover the building with bricks and plaster. The wealthiest owners covered it with wooden panels.

Today, the façade of a half-timbered house can be decorated in more varied ways. Often the walls are sheathed and then finished in accordance with the wishes of the owners - sheathed with brick or natural stone, clapboard or a wide variety of panels. There is only one constant feature: a half-timbered structure is a structure in which the frame is visible from the outside. When the house is plastered and painted, the frame remains intact. The whole point of this style is that posts, beams, crossbars and braces divide the walls of the building in an original way, thereby giving it a special appeal.

As a rule, a house made in the half-timbered style has a gable roof, less often. Today, many designers claim that half-timbered architectural style. But initially the meaning of this term is translated from German as follows: Fach - section, Werk - structure. Consequently, a half-timbered structure is a structure made up of sections. That's sorted out.

Half-timbered buildings: what kind of design is this?

According to some sources, this technology has been around for more than five hundred years; according to others, it has already celebrated its 1000th anniversary. But despite this, construction methods have not undergone much change. Just like several centuries ago, the building is built on a rigid wooden frame. True, if previously they used ordinary timber, today glued laminated timber is used as the most durable. It has no cracks or knots, and therefore looks much more aesthetically pleasing. This is important for such a structure, since the frame is also a decoration of the house.

The construction of half-timbered houses these days is no more difficult than the rapid construction of buildings from light metal structures. Many people thinking about construction own home, interested in half-timbered frames. What kind of construction is this, how much more profitable is it than modern buildings built from new materials using modern technologies? Let's try to answer these questions.

Style Features

A house built in the half-timbered style, the photo of which you see in this article, does not accept the use of metal - screeds, which can ruin the interior. The elements are still connected with wood - tenons, notches, dowels. It must be said that such connections were used in houses that were already 400-500 years old. Agree, this is a good advertisement for this technology.

The frame of the half-timbered structure is lightweight, which allows you to build houses on a shallow, inexpensive foundation. in the half-timbered style opens up great possibilities for glazing. You can create entire walls of glass. Blind wall openings are usually insulated with glass wool or lightweight aerated concrete. Inside, they are sheathed with gypsum fiber sheet, which significantly improves sound insulation, and in addition, serves as additional protection from the cold.

Where to start construction

Of course, from design. A quality home design is half the success. This means that with proper quality construction work the house will serve the owner for decades. It is better to order an individual project, which will suit the customer even in the smallest details.

Duration of construction

Today you can purchase ready-made frames made at the factory, allowing you to erect half-timbered frames. There is no doubt that this will significantly speed up the process. It takes from two to six weeks to produce it at the enterprise. At this time, the foundation is being prepared at the construction site. The frame is installed, filled with insulation, the roof is erected, and the exterior and interior walls are finished. This takes another two to three months. It is necessary to create a heating system. It can also be different - oven, steam, water, etc. Laying communications will also take some time. At the same time, we can say that a half-timbered structure is built quite quickly, like any other frame structure.

Half-timbered buildings in Russia

This technology is applicable only for the construction of houses for permanent residence only in warm climates. This was believed until recently. However, technologies are constantly updated, and today architects building half-timbered buildings in Russia use “warm floor” technology, use high-quality double-glazed windows, fill the frame with sandwich insulation, and additionally line the outer walls with brick. As a result of such operations, reliable, comfortable, and withstand very low temperatures the good old half-timbered frames are becoming. There is no doubt that this is a house suitable for permanent residence.

Half-timbered interior

This issue should be approached creatively. You can’t hide the existing beam system anywhere, and is there any need to do so? They carry the spirit of antiquity. They just need to be played in an original way. For this you can use any style - from minimalism to German country.

Beams can be artificially aged if desired, and more can be used in the interior natural wood, lay a “antique” board or tile on the floor. In this case, use high-quality solid furniture. Buy coarse textiles and homemade rugs. It is better to hide modern equipment behind cabinet fronts.

If minimalism is closer to you, think about glazing in advance large areas. The rooms will become spacious, flooded with light. Paint the frame and beams white, and lay bleached parquet on the floor. The walls must certainly be soft, light colors. Install a laconic and compact fireplace, a minimal amount of furniture, and it will turn from a fairy tale into a strict and light home for a modern person.

It should be noted that there is no specific style in which half-timbered buildings are decorated. What kind of style it will be is up to the homeowner to decide. From time immemorial, such houses were united only by the presence of a hearth and a frame.

Interior in half-timbered style

This is a very conventional name. In fact, such a house can be decorated in different ways. Make an accent on the frame by painting it in a contrasting color. Floors can be anything - (tiles are used for this). Just like the outside of the house, the frame should be visible on the interior partitions. The walls in a half-timbered house should be light. Textured plaster is most suitable for this. Beams can be used to organize lighting; in addition, they can be used as shelves or brackets for storing various utensils. It is permissible to use forging in the interior of a half-timbered structure. It could be a horseshoe or even a cart wheel.

Today you learned a little about cute houses- half-timbered buildings, we learned what their design is, how long it takes to build and how they can be decorated. We hope that you find this information useful and that you will put it into practice someday.

Half-timbering is a technology for building houses in which the capital load of the building is carried by vertical supports - racks made of timber in the walls of the building. Unlike traditional frame walls, the space between the supports is occupied by dense heavy material - brick, wood, concrete, adobe, clay. At the same time, the load-bearing racks made of timber are not masked in the wall, but remain visible, creating characteristic appearance buildings, a special “European” flavor.

Half-timbered buildings have proven their durability. The first peak of their popularity occurred in the Middle Ages. Built several centuries ago, these buildings still perform their functions. Today technology is experiencing its peak in fashion for the second time. Wide range of possibilities design and reliability of houses make them popular among customers frame construction.

History of origin

The history of half-timbered buildings began in the 11th century. Half-timbered timber became widespread in the 14th and 15th centuries in the northern coastal regions, where timber was available and shipbuilding was developed. The ability to carpenter and build ships allowed craftsmen to easily build strong wooden frames for future buildings.

German style.

In the 15th century, half-timbered buildings spread throughout Europe - the northern countries, Holland, England, France, and Switzerland. The reasons for its popularization were the following factors:

1. The buildings made it possible to save expensive wood and use it only for the construction of the frame, and not the entire mass of the wall.
2. The level of carpentry skill has increased, which ensured the reliability of the frames and the strength of future walls.

The peak of popularity of the technology falls on the period from the 15th to the 18th century. Hundreds of thousands of buildings were built in Europe during this period. Half-timbered houses in Germany are called Fachwerk, which translated into Russian means “wall of cells” (Fach is a section, cell, panel, “Werk” is a structure).

Modern style.

In England, buildings with a wooden frame were called "half-timber", and in France the technology was called "colombage". In one of modern options half-timbering received another name - Post & Beam or post and beam technology. Its main feature is the use of hand-cut logs.

Note

According to psychologists, the open demonstration of a load-bearing frame in the walls instills a sense of confidence in a person.

Half-timbered buildings with a frame visible from the outside have become a hallmark of northern Europe. Today the technology is experiencing a second wave of popularity. With some modifications it extends beyond Western Europe, to Canada, America and Russia.

Half-timbering and frame technology

At its core, a half-timbered house is a frame structure with wooden frame from load-bearing posts and floor beams that support the main load of the walls and roof. Unlike traditional modern frame houses, the gaps between the beams are filled not with synthetic insulation, but wall material- brick, stone, concrete, clay, which can be found at the link. The filling material of the walls, “half-timbered” and “frame,” determines the differences in construction technology and in the characteristics of finished buildings.

Comparison factors.	Half-timbered building	Frame.
Service life of the building.	Long service life - several hundred years. This is confirmed by hundreds of houses built in the 15th and 16th centuries in Europe.	- several decades.
Energy efficiency.	Average.	High.
Construction speed.	Average.	Minimum time - the building can be erected in a few months.
Lightness of walls and foundation costs.	The walls are heavy; a strong, deep foundation or columnar foundation is required.	The walls are light; you can get by with a small, shallow foundation.
Construction cost.	The price of a half-timbered house is minimal; the walls are based on the cheapest building material - clay.	Medium - requires purchase good insulation and high-quality wall cladding.
Environmental friendliness.	High - built from natural materials.	Low - built from artificial insulation.
Fire safety.	The walls are 80% fire-resistant and smoke-free. Only people can burn out wooden supports and roofing.	All materials are flammable and emit acrid, toxic smoke during combustion.
Difficulty in self-construction.	Half-timbered houses are simpler than frame technology, especially if you use ready-made half-timbered house kits.	More difficult to implement, but also available as a ready-made frame house kit.
Possibility of wall restoration.	Without removing the roof and disassembling the frame, the wall material can be replaced with another, new one.
Interior design.	Any layout is possible because interior walls do not bear capital loads. You can arrange large spacious rooms.

Comparative characteristics of half-timbered and frame buildings clearly shows the main differences between the two technologies. The technology of half-timbered houses is a structure made from natural materials, environmentally friendly and durable. Frame construction is a new prefabricated structure made partly from synthetic materials. Moreover, their construction is equally accessible. It is possible to build a half-timbered house with your own hands, just like from a house kit.

Half-timbered building in the forest.

IN modern technologies half-timbered houses are acquiring more and more features of traditional frame buildings. The supports are often masked with panels; for better energy efficiency, the walls themselves are sheathed with insulation or replaced with a layer of thermal insulation. Which leads to a mixture of styles, the creation of a new construction option using the characteristics of a half-timbered house and a frame house at the same time. This is how it works.

Construction of half-timbered houses

The design features of half-timbered houses determine their differences from frame buildings. Here are the projects and prices for half-timbered houses, what elements and features are their characteristics:

1. Each subsequent floor protrudes above the previous one. This is due to the need to protect wooden beams lower floors from getting wet. Floor projections are provided only on the front side. The side walls are blank and smooth. This is due to the history of construction. The density of buildings in the Middle Ages was so high that only the facades of buildings remained open. The ends were tightly adjacent to each other, without passages and the possibility of constructing protruding floors or hanging structures.
2. Visible beams in the walls of the building.
3. Inexpensive available wall filler - clay, lightweight concrete.

Note

Today, external frame elements are often decorative. They are traditionally used in construction, but do not always carry a semantic load; more often they are a sign of style. Such a structure turns into a traditional frame building.

Sometimes style elements are used as exterior design For brick walls. On top of the brick, beams are attached that imitate the frame of the building. At first glance, houses with such decor differ little from how half-timbered houses look in the photo. They have the same appearance, but a different construction technology.

Projects and prices

Projects of half-timbered houses are distinguished by a wide variety of interior design. Since walls and partitions do not carry load-bearing loads, their location is subject to design requirements, and not technological necessity.

Frame of the building.

Designing half-timbered houses often involves large spacious rooms and huge windows. Glazing often takes up most of the exterior walls. The use of laminated veneer lumber allows you to reduce the size of its cross-section without reducing strength. Thanks to its small size load-bearing elements and a sufficient area of ​​glazing in half-timbered houses, the walls became panoramic. In such buildings is born unique decor, in which street garden forms part of the interior design of the house.

The turnkey price of a half-timbered house does not exceed the cost of frame construction. Therefore, elite panoramic walls have become available to the majority. Thanks to the technology of half-timbered houses, exclusive buildings became the property of the middle class. A real design that transforms half-timbered houses, the video allows you to see all the subtleties of construction.

Technology of half-timbered houses

Today, the technology of constructing half-timbered houses is experiencing a second peak in popularity. Based on this technology, one-, two- and three-story houses are built. At the same time, the technology itself is used in a modified and improved form.

Instead of solid wooden logs, glued and profiled timber is used. They are additionally impregnated with antiseptics and fire retardants to prevent rotting and increase resistance to fire.

Panoramic glazing Houses.

The gaps between the vertical supports are filled with insulation, and multi-chamber double-glazed windows are installed. Energy-efficient glazing of half-timbered houses, along with insulation, ensures their heat capacity and reduces energy costs during the heating season.

To ensure that the outside walls of the house are not completely transparent, surface coating of glass is used - lamination. From the inside and outside, such a house looks like a spacious, fairy-tale palace.

Step-by-step technology of half-timbered houses

1. Foundation: USP + its surface waterproofing.
2. Frame:, vertical columns, top trim, rafters. A one-story half-timbered house - the rafters are placed on top of the frame of the first floor. In two- or three-story construction, the second floor frame is constructed, the supports are attached, and then the second upper frame, rafters. The roof overhang is designed to be quite large - up to 1.5 m. This protects the walls and wooden frame from getting wet.
3. Roof: traditional choice for frame houses, light metal profiled sheets, flexible roofing.
4. Filling cells: glass unit, brick, arbolite blocks(lightweight concrete with wood shavings, wood chips), foam concrete, clay concrete, multi-layer cake with insulation and wall cladding.

Frame features

The frame of a modern half-timbered house is not only a load-bearing structure, but also a decorative element. It divides the wall into segments and gives appearance structure clarity and expressiveness.

Two-story frame house.

The frame of a half-timbered house consists of vertical, horizontal, and inclined elements. Vertical supports support the main load-bearing loads. Horizontal - distribute the pressure of vertical load-bearing elements, making it uniform over the entire area of ​​​​the walls of the house. Inclined - create additional strength, strengthen the structure, make it stable for lateral loads.

The frame elements are connected to each other using metal pins. One of the options for half-timbered construction uses studs along with the excavation of the timber at the joints - the so-called groove.

This system was called Herrenbald. It differs from the traditional frame in the absence of jibs. The stability of the frame is ensured by precise selection of wood at the joints, as a result of which adjacent elements fit tightly together and are additionally secured with through metal pins.

Construction with flat roof.

The technology of half-timbered houses does not require time for shrinkage. However, we must make allowances for mentality. If the timber is solid and dry, shrinkage is not needed. It is also not needed for laminated timber. If the timber is solid and fresh, raw, a strong fastening of the frame is necessary (on metal studs, nails, with grooves in the joints) and its exposure for at least several months. Turnkey half-timbered houses can be completed when the walls of the frame have been insulated and remain finishing work.

The frame is laid on an insulated foundation. The perfect combination– an insulated Swedish plate or USP, which simultaneously provides strength, rigidity and insulation of heat loss from the base of the house.

Interior of half-timbered houses

The construction of half-timbered houses ends with the creation of an interior design that can be anything. Traditional classics, medieval Provence or modern minimalism - any style will fit into a real European home.

Often used as modern direction– minimalism, hi-tech, brick style- unplastered walls. Natural wood has retained its popularity in Russia.