The main parameters by which commercial wood is selected for the production of furniture: strength, resistance to deformation, wear resistance. All these three qualities are combined into one indicator - the density of wood, that is, the ratio of the mass of a tree to its volume.

Types of wood depending on density:

A) Soft (up to 540 kg / m 3) - spruce, pine, aspen, linden, fir, poplar, chestnut, alder, cedar;

B) Solid (550-740kg / m 3) - larch, common birch, oak, elm, beech, plane tree, walnut, maple, apple, ash;

C) Very hard (from 750 kg / m 3) - iron birch, mountain ash, white acacia, hornbeam, dogwood, boxwood, pistachio tree.

Consider the breeds most in demand in the furniture industry:

1. Pine

Wood color- brown, beige-yellow, white with light pink stains. The best material for making furniture is considered to be pine trees growing on hills with sandy soils or on dry hills. In such wood, the annual layers will be pronounced and narrow, close to each other. Pine grown in an area with high humidity will have a loose structure, and the blanks from it will have to be dried for a long time before being put into production. Pine wood is soft, easily scratched and damaged.

Pros:

• pliability in processing. Pine is easily planed along the grain, but with difficulty in the transverse direction. When sawing, the opposite is true - it is easy to cut across the log, but poorly along the length.
• easy to stick together;
• depending on the color and structure of the wood, pine is used both for the manufacture of furniture with subsequent varnishing, and for frames, and various structures with hardwood veneer facing;
• like all conifers, it has a pleasant odor, releases phytocysts, which are considered medicinal.

2. Spruce

Spruce wood is softer than pine. In addition, the trunk contains a large number of knots, which make it difficult to process the wood for the manufacture of furniture panels. Compared to pine, spruce absorbs moisture better and begins to rot faster. Due to its low-expressive texture and low strength, spruce is most often used for mosaic decoration or in structures that do not experience significant stress during operation.
Pros:

• spruce wood is practically not subject to warping;
• perfectly sticks together.

Siberian fir is also used along with spruce - these two trees have similar characteristics.

3. Larch

The wood of this coniferous tree is prized for its unusual reddish-brown hue and high performance. From disadvantages of larch- a large amount of resins, which quickly destroys tools and causes difficulties in processing. If not properly dried, internal cracks form on larch wood.

Pros:

• high moisture resistance;
• excellent strength indicators (the best among conifers);
• slightly susceptible to warping;
• used for the manufacture of carved parts.

4. Cedar

The yellowish-white cedar wood is not distinguished by its high strength and density, therefore it does not withstand heavy loads.

Pros:

• resistance to decay and wormhole;
• suitable for carving;
• has a specific woody aroma.

5. Yew

Red-brown yew wood with light and dark veins has high strength, but also a large number of knots.
Pros:

• not exposed to a wormhole,
• easy to plan and grind,
• insensitive to atmospheric changes.

6. Oak

On the radial section of the oak trunk, large heart rays and light sapwood are clearly visible. Oak is the most widely used hardwood in solid wood furniture due to its excellent combination of strength and texture beauty. If the oak remains in water for a long time (several decades), its wood acquires a rare dark purple color with a green tint. Oak wood is difficult to polish, requires equipment with high hardening cutters.

Pros:

• despite the high viscosity of wood, it is processed quite well;
• bends easily;
• resistant to decay;
• lends itself well to methods of artificial aging.

7. Ash

Wood in many qualities similar to oak, but lighter and does not have pronounced core rays. Ash trees must undergo antiseptic treatment, since in conditions of moisture, wood is quickly damaged by a wormhole. Poorly polished.

Pros:

• bends well after steaming;
• little cracking during drying;
• when discolored, it acquires an unusual shade of gray hair.

8. Beech

Beech wood not inferior in strength to oak, but it is highly hygroscopic, therefore it is not recommended for the manufacture of furniture that will be used in high humidity conditions (bath, kitchen). Poorly polished.

Pros:

• high decorative qualities: beautiful texture both in radial and tangential section,
• quick to dry, does not crack;
• easy to handle: pricks, saws, cuts, bends;
• perfectly bleached and dyed with the help of special solutions, - practically does not change the beautiful natural shade during varnishing.

9. Hornbeam

It has a solid, dense wood of a grayish-white color. It is often called a white beech, but the texture of the hornbeam is not so pronounced and often has an oblique structure, due to which the tree does not prick well.

Pros:

• after high-quality drying, the hornbeam becomes harder than oak;
• not subject to warpage;
• lends itself well to etching and finishing.

10. Common birch

Birch wood, despite its high density, is unstable against rotting, therefore it is used mainly for the manufacture of plywood, rotary cut veneer, chipboard. It dries for a long time and poorly, prone to a wormhole, cracks heavily, warps.

Pros:

• homogeneous structure and beautiful color of wood;
• bends well;
• in the production of solid wood furniture it is used as an imitation of valuable rocks (it is well colored when etched).

Separately, Karelian birch is distinguished, which has higher performance indicators, is known for its unusual texture and pink color of wood. It is expensive, therefore it is mainly used for veneering of solid wood furniture.

11. Maple

Despite the fact that it is dense maple wood rarely cracks, he unstable against dampness... The most appreciated are the bird's-eye and sugar maple because of their characteristic beautiful structure.

Pros:

• easily pricks, well processed: cut, polished;
• has a homogeneous structure without pronounced fibers;
• when stained, it successfully imitates valuable breeds;
• maple wood does not have a pronounced core, therefore it is easily painted, varnished, stained.

12. Alder

Soft breed, no pronounced structure. Alder wood quickly darkens in air, therefore it is used mainly in a dyed form (like ebony or mahogany). Alder Feature: Wormhole prone in dry locations, but resistant to rotting in wet conditions.

Pros:

• dries quickly
• easy to carpentry,
• well polished,
• warps slightly.

13. White acacia

The hardest hardwood, therefore it has high frictional resistance, is distinguished by its elasticity. In dry form, it is difficult to process, therefore it is used mainly for cladding soft rocks.

Pros:

• perfectly polished;
• when exposed to air, the wood darkens, giving the texture a bright yellow-brown color and expressive texture.

14. Walnut

The older the tree, the more valuable and darker its wood. The most expensive variety is American Black Walnut.

Pros:

• a wide variety of shades;
• dense, but pliable wood;
• easily dyed due to the high content of tannins (from ebony tint to even white).

15. Linden

It is used in production for the manufacture of shaped turned elements. It contains little tannins, therefore it practically does not stain, but it lends itself well to staining (with the correct concentration of the solution, linden wood can be given the appearance of more valuable tree species). Needs antiseptic impregnation, as it is highly susceptible to a wormhole.

Pros:

• well withstands dampness,
• wood is durable and plastic,
• has a beautiful white and creamy shade.

As you can see, each wood has its own advantages and disadvantages, focusing on which you can choose a certain grade for the manufacture of solid wood furniture.

For the manufacture of furniture, wood of almost any kind is used. What are its differences? Consider the properties of the most popular furniture trees.

Pine

Pine wood is soft and pliable in processing. Pine furniture is often clad with hardwood veneers to increase its durability. Color - from whitish to brown, sometimes with yellow or pinkish rings and stains.

The main advantage of pine is its healing scent, which it continues to emit after processing. Its phytoncides increase immunity and have healing properties.

Oak

Oak has a high strength and at the same time lends itself well to processing. The wood is resistant to decay, and therefore oak furniture can serve for many years even in high humidity conditions. Oak wood has a beautiful texture. Initially colored yellow or light brown, but may darken over time.

A distinctive feature of oak furniture is its heavy weight.

Ash

Ash possesses solid wood. The color range is from milky white to light brown. When artificially discolored, it acquires a "gray" tint. The drawing is large, clearly visible. Wood does not tolerate moisture well, and therefore must undergo antiseptic treatment.

As a result of shrinkage, ash does not crack and tolerates deformation well, which puts it on a par with oak. Ash furniture will last for many years with standard care.

Maple

Maple wood is not resistant to moisture, but it is easily processed and rarely cracks. Maple perfectly imitates expensive tree species (as a result of staining), and therefore is used in the manufacture of furniture. Maple wood is light, but over time it begins to give off yellowness.

Canadian maple has a high strength comparable to oak.

Beech

Beech wood is also characterized by its durability. The main disadvantage is its high hygroscopicity, and therefore beech is not suitable for furniture that is planned to be used in high humidity conditions. Beech wood lends itself well to processing and does not crack when dried.

Beech is also prized for its luxurious texture that does not change even when varnished. The natural color of wood is warm yellow, sometimes with a reddish tint.

Nut

Walnut wood is durable and hard. Its value is especially evident with age - the older the tree, the more valuable its wood. Walnut furniture is considered reliable and durable.

The nut has a rich range of shades - from chocolate to dark crimson. Well tinted under ebony.

In this article, you will learn:

• What are the pros and cons of natural wood furniture
• What are the features of natural wood furniture for the bedroom
• What is the characteristic of natural wood furniture for the living room
• How to choose natural wood furniture for a nursery

It should be noted that each breed is unique in its own way. All of them have a unique texture, which appears especially well after polishing, varnishing and other types of processing. What should be high-quality natural wood furniture? We will answer this question in our article.

There are a number of advantages that distinguish furniture made from natural wood.

• Environmental friendliness.

Indeed, in our age, environmental friendliness of furniture can be considered a serious advantage. And the safety of wooden furnishings is confirmed by the long history of their use. For example, this cannot be said about chipboard and many other materials. Natural wood, on the other hand, is environmentally friendly: this means that it does not contain harmful substances that can negatively affect human health (for example, formaldehyde).

• Practicality.

Some of the advantages of such furniture are associated with its performance characteristics. So, furniture made from solid natural wood is much stronger than from composite materials (chipboard, fiberboard and MDF). Accordingly, the service life of such products is much longer. In addition, in furniture production, types of wood are used that are most resistant to high humidity and are not subject to decay. Therefore, products made of natural wood are durable and durable and, with proper care, retain their presentable appearance throughout the entire service life.

• Aesthetics.

One of the most obvious advantages of the material under discussion is its individuality. Solid wood furniture is decorated with a unique natural pattern of annual rings. And unlike other patterns, this finish will never go out of style. Natural wood furniture in apartment design is considered a classic. Equally important is the fact that wood is perfectly combined with other materials and can organically fit into the most fashionable interior.

• Energy.

Natural wood is a special material created by nature itself. It is believed that each breed has its own energy, which also affects humans. There are three categories, depending on how they affect the physical and mental state of people:

• donor trees (oak, beech, pine, acacia, birch, maple, mountain ash);
• vampire trees (aspen, poplar, chestnut, willow, spruce, bird cherry);
• neutral trees (most of the rest).

Neutral wood species have little or no effect on human well-being. Donor trees share their energy and are able to maintain vitality. As for vampire breeds, being around them can negatively affect your health. If your home has this kind of furniture, don't be surprised if you suddenly feel fatigued or unwell.

To decorate an apartment, it is better to purchase furniture from donor trees. The most commonly used species are oak, beech and pine. At the same time, the first is the record holder for positive effects on humans. Thanks to contact with oak, people become more energetic, notice an improvement in mental and physical activity. And this is not surprising, because the research results show that a walk in such a forest normalizes the work of the heart and calms the nervous system.

Other breeds have their own medicinal properties. Beech, for example, has long been considered a symbol of strength and vigor. Furniture from it charges with energy and inspires new achievements. Pine, in turn, is a kind of antidepressant. It helps fight negative thoughts, sadness and doubts, thereby promoting peace of mind. Pine energy normalizes metabolism and relieves respiratory system diseases.

Solid wood furniture has a number of features that need to be considered when choosing the right models for the interior.

First, these items are very heavy and difficult to move. Therefore, it is advisable to determine the placement in advance, especially when it comes to a massive headset. Hanging furniture (shelves, kitchen cabinets, etc.) are best chosen from lighter species, such as pine or spruce.

Secondly, the quality of the wood can deteriorate due to improper operating conditions. Cold air, frequent temperature changes and high humidity are the main negative factors that can damage the appearance of furniture.

Try to place natural wood furniture away from radiators. Due to the proximity of heat, the material may dry out and crack.

Wooden furniture is perfect for a classic living room. However, there is no style in which products made from this material would look out of place. Below we will talk in more detail about how wood is combined with different directions.

Classic is a style that never goes out of style and is popular with serious people with good taste. Cabinet furniture made of natural wood, inlaid with veneer from elite species, is an ideal option for such a living room.

Empire and Baroque are characterized by grace and opulence. A white set with an abundance of decorative details and gilding is suitable for them. If we talk about a country or Provence style interior that imitates a rural house, simplicity and lightness are important here. Often times, wood furniture is aged on purpose so that the natural grain of the wood is more visible.

Eco-style and natural materials always go hand in hand, so a sophisticated set of light wood will perfectly fit into a living room made in this aesthetic. In a minimalistic interior, such products will also look appropriate. You can pick up several laconic objects from different, but combined with each other, types of wood.

If the room is decorated in a loft style, look at pieces of furniture in natural warm colors, with simple geometry and a minimum amount of decoration.

In the modern furniture market, you can find a wide variety of models for the living room. Moreover, different products have their own functional features. There is a traditional inventory of pieces of furniture that are installed in the living room. To understand which one suits you best, study their characteristics.

• Wall.

The wall is a very popular element of the living room interior. Although some consider it a relic of the Soviet past, it is still relevant today. The decoration of the walls, as a rule, corresponds to the canons of the classical style, and the decoration is often carved. The main advantage of this piece of furniture is its spaciousness. The wall is perfect for storing books or a service that is used to receive guests.

When choosing a wall made of solid wood, remember that the color and appearance should match your interior. Also important characteristics are the hardness and moisture resistance of the material.

• Cupboard.

This type of natural wood furniture is suitable for a spacious living room. The closet provides enough space for storing a large amount of clothes and various household items. Made of precious woods, the product attracts attention and brings nobility to the interior.

For rooms furnished in the Baroque, Rococo or Empire style, a massive wardrobe in natural color with an abundance of decor: curly handles, carvings, gilding is the best fit.

• Showcase.

From the point of view of aesthetics, a showcase made of wood with glass doors is preferable. Here you can store expensive elegant dishes, a collection of elite wines or exclusive souvenirs that you want to demonstrate to your guests.

• Buffet.

Historians claim that the tradition of setting up a sideboard in the living room originated in France. Therefore, now in interiors associated with this country (Provence, French country), you can often find such models. The sideboard is no less appropriate for decorating the living room in the art deco style. A light wood option is better suited to this direction.

Glass inserts allow you to display the contents of the buffet: exquisite plates, glasses, tea utensils. Furniture of this type will be appropriate only for some aesthetic directions.

When choosing furniture made of natural wood, its color is of great importance. The shade of the products should be combined with the palette used in the interior. White, beige or cream furniture can visually expand the space.

Dark furniture will become a bright accent if the room has light walls or flooring. Intense, deep color creates an atmosphere of luxury and nobility. The texture of the wood can be different: some varieties are covered with obvious annual rings, others are almost monochromatic.

Also, when choosing furniture, it is worth considering the features of the home microclimate. If the apartment has a constantly high humidity, some types of wood will do, and others are better able to withstand dry air and high temperatures. And of course, do not forget about the purpose of the furniture. The purchased products must perfectly fulfill their functions: be roomy, easy to use and reliable.

When choosing furniture made of solid natural wood for a bedroom, use the advice of experts.

• If the area of ​​the room is small, give preference to products of small dimensions made of light wood species and with unobtrusive decor.
• For a spacious room, you can choose furniture in darker colors.

Of course, all furniture should overlap in aesthetics with the surrounding interior. In the classic style, dark wood, flowing shapes and carvings are appropriate. In a more modern space, compact and functional products will look stylish.

The bed is a key element of the bedroom furnishings. This is the center of the interior, with which the stylistics of the rest of the objects are consistent. A bed made of natural wood is not only a comfortable and safe sleeping place, but also a decoration of a room in any style.

• With modern trends such as minimalism, hi-tech and loft, it would be nice to combine a model made of bent solid wood with lighting.
• Country, or rustic style, is ideal for decorating a country house. In this case, it is better to choose a product made of roughly sanded wood for the bedroom. Similarly, you can decorate the headboard and podium.
• For a classic interior, use a dark wood bed.
• Provence, on the other hand, involves the use of light wood furniture, decorated with carvings.
• Carved patterns, a high frame and an elegant canopy - this is how a bed for a Mediterranean-style room is decorated.

In addition to the bed, there are other pieces of furniture that you cannot do without in the bedroom. In particular, the room should have a place to store clothes, bed linen and other necessary things. And here the choice often falls on natural wood furniture - for example, a wardrobe. Among its advantages are practicality, spaciousness and noble appearance. Thanks to the sliding doors, this cabinet does not require additional space.

Sometimes a wooden cabinet with one or more hinged doors is appropriate. The built-in version will perfectly fit into the modern interior: it is stylish, roomy and functional. Such products are often made to order in the sizes required by the customer.

The functions of a cabinet can be taken over by a rack - a piece of furniture consisting of several shelves connected by vertical racks. There are many models of this thing, and they are made for different cases: with a back wall and without, with a cell for a TV, etc. There are built-in options that are suitable for small rooms. In addition to storing things, a natural wood rack can perform other tasks. For example, in size from floor to ceiling, it can act as a partition, thereby dividing the room into zones.

In many styles (for example, in classics, provence, country), bedside tables are an indispensable element of decor. If the area of ​​the room allows, you can purchase large, roomy products; if space is limited - give preference to more compact models. Please note that the height of the bedside table must match the height of the bed, so it will be more convenient to use. It is equally important that this item matches the general style of the room and is in harmony with other furniture.

Another possible storage option is a wooden chest of drawers. Thanks to the natural pattern of wood, such a thing is in perfect harmony with classic and rural styles. Wooden facades of furniture make the interior more original. In addition, products made from natural materials create a feeling of warmth and comfort in the bedroom.

Natural wood furniture for the nursery

Everything in the children's room should be adapted to the age and height of its owner. For the correct development of the child's spine, it is important that the height of the back and seat of the chair correspond to its proportions. Also, the shelves should be located so that he can get all the necessary things. Since children grow up very quickly, the most practical option would be transforming furniture made from natural wood: tables with adjustable legs, pull-out beds, etc. With such products, you will not need to buy something new every year.

Children's furniture made of natural wood must be safe. Take a closer look at models that have been treated with water-based varnishes and paints, or not at all. You can find out the main characteristics of the product from the quality certificate. Do not forget about the desires of the child himself. To make the baby like the decor in the room and be comfortable for him, ask his opinion before each purchase. This will create an atmosphere in which he will enjoy his time.

Furniture for a children's room made of natural wood can be divided into two types, each of which has its own functional characteristics.

• Cabinet furniture. It is a set, which includes several parts: a chest of drawers, a wardrobe, a desk, etc. The convenience is that some parts can be changed if necessary - for example, put a coffee table instead of a bedside table. Although the basic furniture remains unchanged, the interior is easy to update with lighting fixtures, flowers and a variety of accessories.
• Modular furniture. Includes tables, chairs, desks, wardrobes, beds. In this case, you can choose several items that you need and create an individual interior out of them. Lockers with a large number of compartments will allow you to conveniently place all the things of the owner of the room. It is also possible to adapt the modules to the changing needs of the child.

There are several types of natural wood furniture, which are divided by purpose:

• for sleep and rest: baby cot, loft bed;
• for eating: table and chair;
• for classes: writing table or desk, chair;
• for placing clothes and other things: wardrobe, chest of drawers, bedside table.

The nursery must have a transforming bed, desk and chair.

Since children love active games and can run even in a small room, furniture should be as safe as possible. Rounded corners, sturdy mounts and non-slip feet will help prevent injury. It is also important that there are no chips or knots on the wood surfaces.

When choosing furniture, consider the characteristics of the room and the style in which it is decorated. If the nursery has a small area, give up a massive headset so as not to overload the space. Make sure the length of the bed is appropriate for the child's height. For very young children, it is better to choose products with restraints, and teenagers usually like loft models.

What should be a wooden table for a nursery? Ideal - with a rectangular sloped table top. The height of the product should be at the level of the child's elbow when he is standing. The chair should be stable, have a high back and support for the feet. It is important to find the model with the optimal weight. A child who is too heavy will find it difficult to move and may be injured; light chairs, in turn, are unstable.

Before buying children's furniture made of natural wood, carefully inspect it for defects, read the technical characteristics and test it.

Why is it worth purchasing wooden furniture for a children's room? This choice is primarily due to concern for the health of the child. Wood products are not only practical, beautiful and create an aura of comfort - they are also environmentally friendly. And if there are any problems associated with damage to the wooden surface, it is easy to sand and varnish it.

Usually, the words “kitchen made of wood” mean that only the outer walls of the furniture are made of solid wood. The frame, as a rule, is made of MDF, chipboard or plywood.

There are several disadvantages that natural wood kitchen furniture has.

• Under the influence of ultraviolet light, facades can change color over time.
• Natural materials are sensitive to changes in temperature and high humidity. If the operating conditions are violated, wooden furniture may dry out and crack. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to maintain the humidity at the level of 60-75% at any time of the year. This may require a humidifier. Also, a powerful hood must be installed in the kitchen, which must be turned on during cooking.
• Wooden facades require careful handling and regular maintenance: you need to sand the damaged areas and lubricate the furniture with a water-repellent compound.
• Solid wood kitchens are more expensive than MDF products.
• Wooden doors are of standard size and shape and cannot be rounded.

Hardwood furniture lasts the longest. These can be sets with facades of oak, ash, walnut, beech, cherry, acacia and tulipye (tulip tree). The listed species of wood are the record holders for strength and resistance to negative influences.

Oak products are considered the benchmark in furniture production. This tree has a solid reputation as an elite material. It is distinguished by an unusual pattern and a variety of colors: from light yellow to dark red, including pinkish and greenish shades. In addition, oak is one of the hardest and most durable types of wood.

Ash is no less appreciated: this breed is also distinguished by its high strength, has a noticeable relief and several varieties of colors.

Beech closes the top three in terms of durability. This wood is slightly lighter, which allows the furniture made from it to be painted in different colors.

Sweet cherry is not as durable material as oak or ash. This breed has a unique reddish hue and unrepeatable texture. Unfortunately, often instead of a "solid cherry kitchen" the customer receives a product with a facade made of MDF and cherry veneer, the frame of which is made, for example, of alder.

Furniture made from materials such as pine, spruce, birch and alder will be cheaper, since they are more common in our country. However, these woods are soft and easily damaged by accidental impacts. Also, facades made of such wood do not have a pronounced relief: they are almost smooth.

When looking for pine furniture, opt for facades made of solid laminated panels, which are more durable.

Kitchen furniture made of wood is treated with coatings of different visibility: from transparent to completely opaque.

Natural wood furniture retains its natural texture when used with clear coatings. In this case, we are talking about staining and protection.

• Varnish- a practical and durable option. The furniture processed by him is protected from dirt, does not absorb odors and moisture. The varnish can be matte or glossy; there is also a type that is made on the basis of polyurethane or water (the first option is more preferable). The service life of the varnish is 5 to 7 years; then it requires restoration.
• Wax or water-repellent oil is a traditional method of treating wood products. This coating provides a very attractive looking surface. However, when using these products, the tree is less protected: odors, moisture and grease penetrate through them.

The colors of the fronts with a natural wood pattern are divided into several color types: red-brown, dark brown, light and bleached.

If we talk about opaque coatings, colored enamel is used here. After applying it, the furniture completely changes its palette. The relief can be preserved to a greater or lesser extent, depending on its severity.

This natural wood kitchen set can be painted in any color. The usual solution is calm, neutral shades such as white or beige. Also, the color can be chosen in accordance with the style (for example, for Provence and country, soft blue is characteristic).

• "BELFAN" is a combination of modern classics and the most fashionable trends.

We closely follow the novelties in the world of interior design and manufacture furniture in accordance with the latest trends. What you see at the Milan exhibition in April will already be available in the assortment of our store in the fall.

Furniture from the BELFAN company remains relevant and does not go out of fashion for many years. Our clients do not have to regularly update the interior. It is enough to add new elements or swap modules (for example, when it comes to hanging living rooms).

Our products are environmentally friendly and safe, thanks to the natural materials used in the production. You and your loved ones will certainly appreciate taking care of your health. And the pleasant aroma and energy of natural wood in the apartment will fill it with an atmosphere of comfort and tranquility.

• A wide range of products.

Here you will find furniture for the living room, bedroom, hall, nursery, and you can also choose complementary interior items.

A ready-made interior solution will save you time. Moreover, with us you do not have to spend the budget on the services of designers. Our experts will be happy to draw up a furniture arrangement plan that will meet all your requirements.

• Comfort every day.

In the manufacture of furniture, the company "BELFAN" uses the best modern fittings. You don't need to make an effort to open or close a drawer or door. The mechanisms made in Austria will ensure that there are no annoying sounds.

In addition, the inside of the drawers is upholstered with high-quality velor fabric, so you can keep your personal belongings safe.

• Decent quality at the best price.

We manufacture furniture at partner factories in Russia and Belarus, therefore we are ready to offer our customers comfortable prices.

Think about whether you are ready to overpay for foreign-made furniture. Our factories produce furniture of such a world famous brand as IKEA, the quality of whose products there is no doubt.

With us, you do not overpay for the brand, but you get excellent quality for a reasonable price.

• Most of the items from our assortment are in stock.

This means that by placing an order today, in a couple of days you will receive our furniture delivered to your home. You don't have to wait long weeks.

• The company "BELFAN" has been successfully operating in the market for 15 years.

We represent a federal network that produces furniture under several brands (BELFAN, Velidge, Loft). The company's products are in great demand, which allows us to expand production even in times of crisis. They come back to us, they recommend us to friends.

High-quality after-sales service and a guarantee are two more undoubted advantages of cooperation with Belfan!

Pine with narrow annual layers of red-brown color is more valuable than with wide annual layers. Coniferous wood, on the end section of which in the radial direction of 1 cm there are at least three and no more than 25 annual layers, is considered the best for the manufacture of furniture. In deciduous trees, on the other hand, the wider the annual layers, the denser, harder and more durable the wood. This is typical for oak, chestnut, elm, ash, elm.

In birch, beech, hornbeam, maple, linden, alder, aspen, wood does not have pronounced annual layers and the width of the annual layer does not affect its quality.

The core beams are located in the trunk in a radial direction. They are found in most tree species, but their size, type and number depend on the species and growing conditions. Trees that grow in the sun have more heart rays than those that grow in the shade. The wood splits well in the direction of the core rays.

Thus, not only wood of different species has a different structure, but also wood of trees of the same species grown in different conditions.

Advantages and disadvantages of different wood species in terms of furniture production.

Pine- the most common coniferous tree. The color of its wood can be brown, reddish, yellowish and almost white with light streaks of red. The best material for making furniture is obtained from those trees that grow on hills, dry hills, and sandstones. Their annual layers are located close to each other, and the wood has a dense structure, the annual layers are narrow. The structure of pine wood growing in humid places is looser. When dry, pine is a light and malleable breed for furniture work. It planes well along the fibers, with difficulty across the grain, but it is cut across the grain well, but badly along the length.

Pine wood sticks well. Furniture is made from it (for this, natural wood with a beautiful, pronounced texture is selected), frames for joinery structures and structures for facing with sliced ​​veneer of valuable species.

Spruce softer than pine, but has a large number of small and medium knots, which makes it difficult to use it in furniture structures. The texture of its wood is inexpressive, less moisture resistant than pine, and more likely to rot, but its wood is not very susceptible to warping, which is a positive quality of this material. Spruce does not lend itself well to finishing, but sticks together better than pine. It is widely used in mosaic sets due to its knotty texture. In furniture production, it is used mainly for non-critical furniture structures that do not experience heavy loads during operation.

Larch occupies a special place among other conifers. Its wood has a reddish-brownish, sometimes brownish tint and is highly durable (stronger than oak) and moisture resistance. Dry larch wood is processed well, although with prolonged processing of parts, the sole of the tool becomes greasy. Larch is less susceptible to warping, but when it dries quickly, internal cracks can appear in the trunk wood. For finishing larch, Forest 31 specialists mainly use nitrocellulose varnishes. The breed is used in furniture and mosaic works, used for the manufacture of carved products.

Cedar has a whitish-yellow wood with different color shades depending on the place of growth. Cedar wood does not have a high density and strength, is resistant to decay, is not very susceptible to wormholes, has a strong specific odor, and pricks well. In the furniture industry, it is used for the manufacture of products that are not subject to heavy loads. There is little use of cedar wood polishing; it is finished mainly with wax. Cedar wood, like larch wood, is well processed with a cutting tool. Cedar is a good material for carving.

Juniper- coniferous shrub, trunk diameter reaches 10 cm. Strong thin-layer wood is well processed and polished, has a specific pleasant smell. Juniper is used for the manufacture of small pieces of furniture, for carving and mosaic work.

Cypress and thuja similar in properties to juniper, but their wood is wider and darker in tone. It is used for small carvings. Cypress does not crack or warp.

Yew has a red-brown wood with dark and light veins. Its sapwood is light, almost white. Yew wood is strong and firm, with a significant amount of knots on the trunk. It is almost not exposed to a wormhole and is not very sensitive to atmospheric changes. It is planed and polished well, it can be painted well, especially in black. In carpentry, yew wood finds a variety of uses: it is a good material for carving; yew veneer is highly valued in furniture making.

Siberian fir it is used on a par with spruce, although it has reduced physical and mechanical properties.

Oak It is characterized by high strength, hardness, resistance to decay, bending ability, has a beautiful texture and color. On the tangential section, pores are clearly visible, and on the radial section, large medullary rays. The sapwood of the oak is clearly separated from the kernel in a light tone.

Oak wood has sufficient toughness and is well processed with a cutting tool. After lying in the water for several decades, it acquires a silky dark purple color with a greenish tint (under the "raven wing"). Its hardness is higher in comparison with dry wood, but fragility is also higher. Processing bog oak is difficult. Having a lot of tannins, oak wood pickles well.

Oak wood is widely used for the manufacture of furniture, parquet, decorative and applied arts, as well as in cooper business. Oak veneer is used for veneering low-value species, plywood, particle boards, etc. Oak is used in mosaic work and for large carvings, as experts of the Forest 31 company note, for small profiles it is inexpressive. Oak wood poorly accepts alcohol varnishes and varnishes, but adheres well.

Ash in some qualities it is similar to oak, although it does not have pronounced core rays. When discolored, it takes on a shade of gray. Bends well after steaming. When dried, ash cracks a little; due to its high toughness and strength, wood is difficult to process. Ash is easily damaged by a wormhole, so its wood is subjected to antiseptic treatment. Ash sapwood is clearly separated from the core. Its texture is beautiful, brownish yellow. In unfavorable conditions (humidity, dampness), ash quickly decays.

Flexible and durable, ash wood is recommended for furniture making. Ash is poorly polished, it requires, like oak, filling. For ash, a decorative nitro varnish or waxing is recommended. Due to its frequent growths on the trunk and its pronounced texture, ash wood is widely used in mosaic work.

Beech has strong and hard wood, it is not inferior in strength to oak. In its pure form, beech does not have a pronounced texture, but its wood is very beautiful in tangential and radial sections. These decorative qualities are used for veneering furniture with sliced ​​veneer. Beech is hygroscopic, therefore it is not used for the manufacture of products in a humid environment. The wood dries quickly and does not crack. The beech is easily pricked, sawn and processed with a cutting tool, bends well when steamed. It is difficult to polish. The use of beech is varied: from planing tool blocks to solid wood furniture. Wood is successfully used in carving, although it has a high hardness, as well as in mosaic work. It is well finished with nitro and polyester varnishes, waxing, dyed in various solutions and bleached.

Hornbeam also called a white beech. It has a hard, durable and dense wood of a whitish-gray color. The hornbeam texture does not differ in brightness, as, for example, in ash; light dots are scattered on an even matte background. Often this breed has a cross-layered structure of wood, so the hornbeam is pricked with difficulty. The sapwood does not show much difference in the transition to the kernel. After drying, the hornbeam is almost not subject to warping, its hardness becomes higher than that of oak. It is difficult to work with a cutting tool. The use of hornbeam in furniture production is varied, although not as wide as oak, ash or beech. Used in mosaic work. Hornbeam lends itself well to finishing and pickling.

Common birch it is characterized by high strength, uniform structure and color, medium density and hardness. Its wood is not resistant to decay, it is used mainly for the manufacture of plywood, peeled veneer, chipboard, and plastics. It is used in furniture production and in joinery in general. Birch can be easily processed and finished; when etched, it can be painted well to match more valuable species. Steamed wood bends well. Birch burls (growths on the trunk) provide a very valuable material for mosaic work. Due to the homogeneity, toughness and hardness of wood, birch is also used for the manufacture of carved products. Disadvantages of this breed: it dries for a long time, pricks easily, cracks strongly, warps, is prone to a wormhole.

Karelian birch has a tough and hard wood, easy to carpentry. Among deciduous light species, it has no equal in beauty of texture. It is highly valued in mosaic works and as a craft material. Tannins contained in the wood of Karelian birch contribute to its high-quality dyeing and toning in various colors. Due to the curliness and entanglement of wood fibers, this species almost does not prick, furniture made of it is very expensive.

Common maple has a tough, hard and prickly light yellow wood. Belongs to non-nucleated breeds. The wood is well processed with a cutting tool; it is not resistant to moisture, although it warps a little. Thanks to tannins, it takes the desired color and tone in metal salts. Maple, as experts of the Forest 31 company note, is excellently cut and polished, therefore it is used for carving with fine profiling. Wood is often imitated for other species with an even structure. Maple is used for the manufacture of furniture, sliced ​​veneer, parquet flooring, musical instruments, etc. Its wood hardly cracks, so decorative tableware can be made from it.

Sycamore- a kind of common maple. Appreciated in mosaic works.

Bird's eye maple has a very beautiful, characteristic wood texture. The cladding material from this variety of maple is highly valued. This breed is sometimes called "sugar maple".

Linden, like maple, belongs to the non-nuclear species; has light, white wood. Linden texture is not pronounced. It is used in the form of rotary cut veneer for the manufacture of plywood. In mosaic work, it is used for large and medium inserts (no textures) with sets of ornaments. Linden belongs to the species that hardly crack and dry out a little. Due to the uniform texture and uniform structure of wood fibers, it is the best material for carving. Its wood is resistant to dampness, but prone to a wormhole. Linden has almost no tannins, therefore it is badly etched and stained. For coloring, the wood is saturated with tannins.

Poplar(regular and silver) does not find wide use in furniture because of the softness of wood. The sapwood of the poplar is pure white, closer to the core it is grayish. The outgrowths and beads on the trunk of this tree have an expressive texture, which is highly valued in mosaic work and furniture cladding.

Elm has a dark core and well-distinguishable annual layers, which form a beautiful pattern in a radial section. In terms of hardness and some other qualities, elm wood is close to oak. Over time, it, like that of an oak, darkens. Forest 31 specialists note that the elm wood is flexible, dense, used for the manufacture of handles for percussion carpentry tools, carpentry workbenches, etc. business. Elm burls, due to their beautiful fiber texture, have advantages over poplar burls, walnuts and even Karelian birch.

Elm by the properties of wood, it resembles elm, but is harder than it. The color of the wood is grayish, with beautiful oblong spots.

Alder- soft, non-nucleated breed that does not have a pronounced texture. Freshly cut alder wood darkens quickly in air. It is well processed with a cutting tool, it is perfectly tinted under other breeds of a homogeneous structure, especially under ebony and mahogany. Alder is resistant to rotting in damp and humid conditions, but in dry places it suffers a wormhole. Dries faster than other breeds. Its wood is well polished. Due to its lightness, uniformity of structure and slight warpage, it is well cut and is widely used in arts and crafts, especially for the manufacture of carved products.

Aspen in many ways it is similar to alder, easily lends itself to carpentry. It is used in the manufacture of plywood, shingles, matches, etc. Also used in carvings.

Pear has a beautiful pinkish, sometimes yellowish-white (wild pear) wood. In older trees, it is usually darker than in young trees. The pear wood is dense, without noticeable annual layers. It is perfectly planed and cut in all directions. To increase the hardness, pear wood is placed in water and kept for a long time, after which it is dried for a long time in the shade. After drying, it acquires a brownish tint. In the furniture industry, pears are often tinted black. Due to its dense structure, the wood is highly polished and provides an excellent material for the smallest carving profiles. When dried, the pear almost does not warp or crack, but is prone to a wormhole.

White acacia considered the hardest of hardwoods. The color of her wood is yellow; annual layers are clearly distinguished on the sections. In dry form, acacia is processed with great difficulty. The wood does not crack or warp, has great frictional resistance, is very elastic and perfectly polishes. In air and under the influence of light, it darkens noticeably over time, which makes the texture more expressive and brighter. It is used as a sliced ​​veneer for mosaic work.

Mulberry(mulberry tree) has a reddish-brown wood, its sapwood is narrow. Under the influence of light, the wood darkens over time. It is difficult to work with a cutting tool, it is very well polished. It is used in furniture production and mosaic work. The best of the varieties is the black mulberry.

Walnut has a very beautiful texture with a wide range of tonal transitions. The older a walnut is, the more valuable its wood is. The burls of this tree in the form of sliced ​​veneer are an excellent material for furniture work. Walnut is very much appreciated by woodcarvers, as it has a dense, but pliable wood. Due to the presence of tannins, its wood is easily tinted and painted in various colors.

In mosaic works, color transitions are performed not only with stained, but also bleached veneer. By keeping the veneer sheets in hydrogen peroxide, you can achieve the absolute snow-white wood. Walnuts are often tinted in ebony.

In terms of texture, color, tonal transitions and viscosity (thanks to which the veneer does not crack when cutting the most intricate and small details), walnut wood is the best material for mosaic work. It is widely used in joinery, especially in the manufacture of furniture.

Apple tree has a slightly textured pinkish with reddish or brownish color, with slight deviations in tone. Its wood is moderately hard and dense, it is well finished, polished and processed with a cutting tool, but it warps strongly. In furniture work, it is used in sets of portraits, landscapes and geometric ornaments.

Chestnut has several varieties; the best known of these are the edible chestnut and the horse chestnut. Due to its softness and even density, edible chestnut is used in furniture production and for carving. By its structure, this breed is somewhat similar to oak and ash, but in the radial section it does not have the shine of the core rays characteristic of oak. Horse chestnut is cross-layered and resembles pine in a grayish color. It has a strong wood and, thanks to tannins, lends itself well to pickling in solutions. It is used in furniture and mosaic business in the form of sliced ​​veneer.

Rowan has a hard, dense, fine-grained wood. In furniture production, only well-dried wood is used. Rowan texture is poorly expressed.

Elm- hard, durable and dense breed, which is well finished and polished. Due to its beautiful texture, its wood is used in mosaic work and in joinery, especially in the manufacture of fine furniture. Burrs are often formed on tree trunks, which are widely used as veneers in mosaic sets.

Plane tree and plane tree(eastern plane tree) grow, like elm, in the south. Their core color is brown-brown. In a radial section, they give a beautiful pattern of wood fibers, which is successfully used in mosaic works. These rocks are moderately hard. Their processing with a cutting tool is difficult due to oblique layers. The wood is polished well.

Fruit trees(plum, cherry, sweet cherry, apricot) and some shrubs (lilac, buckthorn, hawthorn, hazel, broom, cotoneaster, barberry, etc.) are used for the manufacture of small joinery. As a rule, their wood is fine-grained, hard, of various color shades - from white-pink to purple in the core parts of the trunks. The wood of fruit trees is well polished, painted and etched in chemical solutions. Many of the shrubs (barberry, buckthorn, cotoneaster, broom, hawthorn, etc.) are used as dyes. For this, Forest 31 specialists use their shavings, bark and sawdust.

Teak and rosewood used in the form of sliced ​​veneer for veneering furniture. Teak has a uniform texture of a light brownish chocolate color, rosewood is a very beautiful texture with a purplish brown background along which black and dark brown stripes run. Their narrow sapwood is light yellow. Teak wood is easy to cut, but rosewood wood is difficult. These species have a specific smell, similar to the smell of dried prunes. Polyester varnish does not bond well with them, especially with rosewood, which is larger than teak, and releases essential oils that accumulate in places with a black tint.

Furniture items made of wood bring a noble, eco-friendly and cozy touch to the overall interior. When choosing a type of wood for the production of furniture items, specialists take into account a wide range of factors: shade, texture, pattern and mechanical qualities of raw materials.

Choosing wood for furniture

With the emphasis on the aesthetics of solid wood, it is often overlooked that it is very hard, porous and moisture resistant. As a result, a lot of troubles can arise when using the furniture.

If you decide to make some furniture yourself, you should know that hard and dense types of timber are characterized by excellent performance, but they are very difficult to process. Having opted for a durable "exotic" home craftsman is unlikely to be able to cope with high-quality sawing or grinding. This requires special equipment. However, the choice of inexpensive and easy-to-handle timber does not do anything good. From such raw materials "one-day furniture" is obtained, which after a few years takes on a shabby look. If you do not have special equipment, then you will most likely be able to create solid furniture for a summer residence, and for regular use it is better to give preference to pieces of furniture made by professionals. Special equipment allows you to smooth corners, make an even cut, chamfers and carry out high-quality finishing of surfaces. It is these processes that transform a solid wood product into an elite piece of furniture.

Timber are:

• soft: pine, alder, birch
• medium: oak, beech, cherry
• hard: merbau, maple, most of the exotic.

In addition to strength, it is worth paying attention to moisture resistance, because solid wood does not necessarily have to be moisture resistant. For example, a fairly hard beech behaves very moody in high humidity conditions, while a moisture-resistant teak, on the contrary, is rather soft. An interesting option is the thermowood, which has recently appeared on the market, which is made by processing timber with a very high temperature of 200 to 300 degrees. After that, the timber becomes very hard and moisture resistant at the same time.

Wood species for furniture

Performance is of course important, but design should not be forgotten either. Any master, first of all, must decide on the finishing type of furniture. To this end, you need to familiarize yourself with samples of timber, study the structure. If the master is interested in the texture of the future product, it is worth choosing oak, ash, walnut or brushed pine. Furniture items made from this timber do not need additional descriptions. It is immediately clear that this is a natural tree. If you need a smooth surface, for example, for a table, pay attention to birch, linden, maple, cherry, beech.

Naturally, furniture from hard grades is strong and durable, but furniture is also produced from softer grades. Each type of timber is characterized by its own, unique and inimitable qualities. Consider the types of wood from which furniture items are most often made in our country.

Walnut timber is a hard variety. This raw material is distinguished by a variety of shades. There are over a dozen types of walnut, but the most valuable is black walnut, which is used only for decoration and decoration of elite items. Walnut is hard and heavy, but interesting to work with because it is easy to work with. Carving on this raw material is very popular, because it almost never gets chipped.

In general, birch is the most accessible raw material in our country, because birch groves are very widespread and logging is carried out throughout the country. Note that its mechanical properties are similar to beech. Birch timber is excellently glued, etched with dyes and polished, which is very important for choosing a color. With the help of wood stains, birch can be painted well. Veneer is often made from birch. Of the shortcomings, it is worth noting the rapid defeat by microorganisms. The structure of the Karelian birch is interesting - sometimes it looks like marble, or has unique patterns.

Oak furniture wood is characterized by hardness, durability and long service life. Shade from light yellow to yellowish brown. Sometimes there may be a green or gray tint. It is easy to paint, dry, varnish. It is not subject to destruction and warping, it is difficult to prick. Bending, gluing, grinding and drilling oak raw materials is quite simple. Oak carving is difficult, but the result exceeds all expectations. Oak is resistant to microorganisms and can be called one of the most demanded materials.

Beech timber is also distinguished by its durability and hardness. Moreover, they are quite plastic from pink-yellow to reddish-brown. Most often it is used as a solid wood, less often as a veneer. Curved beech wood furniture is very popular. Beech is easy to process, it can be dyed, bleached, polished, toned. The cost of such furniture is slightly lower than that of oak.

The unusually hard larch timber is very beneficial for human health, because biologically active compounds are deposited in them, including bioflavonoids, which eliminate free radicals. From such products, phytoncides are released, which prevent colds and viral diseases. The color range includes about 12 shades, and is often used not only for the production of furniture, but also as a finishing material.

Pine timber is soft and light in color. Pine furniture is easy to scratch. Nevertheless, it is in demand in the production of cabinet furniture. Timber is resistant to microorganisms, moisture, temperature changes. Such furniture has a pleasant unobtrusive coniferous aroma.

Raw materials from linden are white, they are durable and plastic, very often carved objects are made from such raw materials. It is difficult to stain due to poor permeability. However, after staining, it easily acquires shades of valuable varieties. Linden is susceptible to infection by various pests, so it must be treated with protective compounds.

Cherry is used for the production of luxury furniture. After a while, such furniture becomes darker, looks great together with carvings and glass. It is processed simply - it is easy to bend, plan, varnish.

Maple furniture is a rarity. Maple timber is distinguished by its density, heavy weight, strength. This tree is used as veneer in the processing of expensive types of furniture. The Canadian maple is the most beautiful. Its veneer has an unusual and memorable texture.

Furniture made of cedar wood is not often found in the home itself, but it is often found in buildings with high humidity, for example, in saunas. Cedar raw material has a low density, is characterized by increased resistance to moisture and is practically not affected by microorganisms.

Wood furniture production

What wood is better to buy furniture from - it is up to the buyer to decide. But in order to make the right choice, it is necessary to study the properties of the main varieties of timber, at least in general terms. It would be wrong to ask the question: what the best wood for furniture? Each type of timber is good for certain products and conditions.

In the process of manufacturing wooden furniture, craftsmen use ready-made furniture boards or edged solid boards. After sawing and drying, the forestry districts sell the boards to construction companies. Today the cost of one m3 of edged pine board is 6500-7500 rubles. Manufacturing solid wood furniture is quite expensive. This process requires very high quality materials. The raw materials used must necessarily correspond to the use of length and width. Such timber should be free from defects, because they reduce the life of the furniture.

Massively furniture is made of glued furniture board. Its advantages include:

• it is an economical material
• after gluing the shield has increased strength
• glued raw materials almost do not change their size with fluctuations in temperature and humidity conditions
• this material has less internal stress
• the shield is less prone to warping
• glued panels can be made in absolutely any size.

Experts pay a lot of attention to the paintwork, which will protect the wood from external factors. In addition, coatings increase the level of resistance to moisture, thereby increasing the life of the products.

The trend towards using only environmentally friendly materials has been observed for more than one year. However, there are changes in the popularity list of the materials themselves. For example, designers are increasingly replacing solid wood with ordinary plywood. Craftsmen make everything from this material: furniture, finishing works, plumbing and even building facades. The budget material, which had not previously enjoyed high popularity, suddenly became very much in demand.

07 march