Ventilation of the bathhouse is important when arranging a steam room, however, in order for it to function as it should, the layout of the air duct and other utility channels must be properly thought out. You also need to select reliable equipment, ranging from dehumidifiers and heating to humidifiers and thermostats.

Having decided to install ventilation for a bathhouse, you can try to figure out how to do it yourself, but it is much better to turn to professionals who are well aware of the design of the exhaust system and the structure of other communications. At the same time, it is not necessary to consider mainly expensive high-tech options - it is enough to limit yourself to basic solutions.

Speaking about how to properly design the ventilation of a bathhouse, you must immediately take into account that the natural influx fresh air necessary not only for a comfortable stay, but also to maintain the combustion process, and this, as is known, largely depends on the access of oxygen. Especially for the stove, it is recommended to lay a ventilation duct with an outlet through a steel sheet, designed to protect the floor from fire in case of hot coals from the firebox. The box should be wider than the chimney, about a quarter.

Supply ventilation of the bath

Installed ventilation equipment, due to which there is a forced injection of fresh air with its subsequent heating; This type of bath ventilation provides complete control over air exchange. Fans are installed in the channels through which air moves, directing the flow in the desired direction. As a result, there is always enough oxygen in the steam room.

Ventilation of a bathhouse with a furnace firebox
from the rest room

Ventilation in the washing bath should be created taking into account high humidity. The hole through which the exhaust air escapes must be sufficiently warmed up, otherwise in winter ice may form at its end on the street side. It is extremely difficult to design a good steam room on your own, as this requires experience. It is better to turn to professionals for this purpose. The RusPar company has been designing baths for quite a long time and is ready to fulfill orders of any level of complexity. We will deliver the steam room turnkey strictly within the pre-agreed time frame.

Ventilation of a bathhouse with a firebox
ovens in the steam room

Is ventilation necessary in a log bath?

It is very difficult to answer this question. On the one hand, the air in such a room freely penetrates through lower crowns walls, on the other hand, this may not be enough for proper ventilation. Moreover, modern bath designs are often noticeably different from classic designs, so ventilation holes must be present in them. But what should the ventilation of a bathhouse be like, what standards should be taken into account when designing it, especially when you undertake construction with your own hands?

If a stove-heater is installed, then you should take into account the peculiarity of its vent: air flows out through it. Plus, floor ventilation is being installed, all the necessary communications are laid through ducts in the bathhouse, fans are installed in certain places, which will turn on if necessary to speed up air exchange. It is important that the room is guaranteed to be free from drafts and condensation does not form.

What should the ventilation of the bathhouse be like if the floor is monolithic?

Is ventilation needed in a sauna? After all, precious heat is removed outside along with the air flow. This is the reasoning of an ignorant person.

In fact, it is difficult to breathe hot air; it becomes a little easier if the air is dry. But in indoors In saunas, an abundance of moisture is released by sweating people. If you pick up a bath broom, the humidity increases instantly and significantly. It is simply impossible to breathe, and such a procedure cannot be called health-improving. The heart and blood vessels suffer first, so ventilation is needed in every sauna to regulate humidity and supply oxygen.

Most often, a shower room and a relaxation room are adjacent to the steam room. These sauna rooms require ventilation. With high humidity it is difficult to breathe, it is impossible to dry yourself and dry yourself. In the absence of air exchange, the walls of the room will eventually become covered with mold, and bad smell. Wooden structures will rot; instead of 20 years, the sauna will last four times less.

A musty atmosphere and condensation on the walls or ceiling indicate that the ventilation is not in order. Read on to learn how to properly ventilate any sauna.

Basic rules for arranging ventilation in a sauna

Maintaining high temperatures and clean air. Here are the main requirements for the operation of ventilation in a sauna. In just 1 hour the air in small room must be exchanged unnoticeably at least 4 times, so the ventilation system in the sauna is created according to special rules. Portions of fresh air should be mixed with the hot air of the room. The slightest errors in calculations or installation can lead to “drafts” or stuffiness. We will tell you about the most effective and frequently used schemes, and show you how to do ventilation in a sauna with your own hands.

The ventilation device in a sauna can be mechanical, natural or a combination. The first option for ventilating a sauna in a cottage is quite expensive, so forced exhaust air outflow is more popular. Fresh air from the street is drawn into the sauna when the pressure decreases due to the operation of the exhaust fan.

The good thing about the combined ventilation scheme in a sauna is that it does not require a cross arrangement of exhaust grilles, and this necessary condition for natural ventilation in the sauna. The video highlights the process of placing vents in convenient places. The system must ensure thorough mixing of cold and hot air flows. Otherwise, the temperature difference in the room will be too noticeable.

Laws of ventilation in saunas:

• The diameter of the exhaust pipe must be no less than the diameter of the supply pipe, this is the norm;
• Pipe sections are selected proportionally to the volume: per 1 cubic meter the room has a cross-sectional area of ​​24 centimeters;
• It is forbidden to install outflow and inflow strictly opposite each other;
• Sauna vents are equipped with ventilation valves that allow you to reduce or increase the air flow.

Neglecting any of the rules will lead to disruption of air flow and ineffective operation of the system. How to make ventilation in a sauna with your own hands correctly?

Natural sauna ventilation

Natural ventilation of the sauna room is ensured by the pressure difference between the outdoors and the indoors. The advantage of this scheme is the low cost of installation and the absence of operating costs. You can equip such ventilation in a sauna with your own hands.

Natural ventilation can be achieved through:

• aeration;
• wind pressure.

The principle of aeration is the penetration of air from the street through vents in the lower part of the room. Rising upward, it “squeezes” hot masses through the air duct. This good way ventilation for very hot saunas with lots of steam. In such conditions, air exchange occurs quite intensively. Schemes and photographs of ventilation in a sauna clearly demonstrate the process of movement of cold and hot air masses.

Wind pressure is only possible in log buildings. The air pressure in the room is provided by strong gusts of wind, creating a vacuum of air on the leeward side. Through the gaps between the logs, air comes out on one side and enters on the other.

It is impossible to regulate the intensity of ventilation in such a room: in strong winds there may be a draft, and a sufficient temperature cannot be maintained. A photo diagram of natural ventilation in the sauna is attached.

Mechanical ventilation in the sauna

Mechanical or forced ventilation in the sauna is installed when there is no way to organize natural inflow or exhaust. Equipment for forced ventilation of a sauna is quite complex and expensive: fans, air filters, heaters, coolers.

Forced air outflow

At forced system ventilation of the sauna, exhaust air is blown out by exhaust fans. The air is filtered before being released outside.

There is an urgent need for forced air evacuation in saunas with large swimming pools, public institutions that receive many visitors, and washing rooms.

The system removes gases, steam, and foreign odors, providing visitors with clean and fresh air.

Forced air flow

The influx during mechanical ventilation of a wooden sauna is forced. In some cases, it is impossible to ensure a natural flow of fresh air from the street. Then use supply system. It is quite complex and contains a noise reduction mechanism, an inlet chamber, check valves, diffusers and distribution grilles.

Typically, the air is heated and filtered before being supplied.

Simple and effective schemes for combined sauna ventilation

The diagrams we have provided clearly explain how to properly make ventilation in a sauna with your own hands.

Scheme No. 1

The inlet opening is installed directly behind the firebox, 0.2 m above the floor. The exhaust is planned on the wall opposite, at the same height. Air from the street passes through the hot stove and rushes up to the ceiling. As the temperature decreases, the air flow descends and reaches the exhaust vent.

With such a ventilation device, any sauna provides high temperatures and excellent heating.

Scheme No. 2

This ventilation is good for a sauna in a cottage, when only one wall of the room faces the street.

Both outflow and inflow are on external wall right opposite the firebox. At a height of 0.2 m from the floor there is a supply air supply, 0.2 m from the ceiling - an exhaust air supply with a built-in fan.

A stream of cold air hits the hottest part of the stove, circulates around the room and exits through the hood to the outside.

Scheme No. 3

Provides gentle heating of the room. The air supply is installed behind the firebox at a level of 0.5 meters from the floor. And the hood with a fan on the wall opposite is 0.2 m from the floor.

Air masses move in a circle: they were heated by the stove, rose, fell and hit the exhaust fan. The air movement with this scheme is not so intense, so the temperature in the room is uniform, and gradual, uniform heating is guaranteed.

You can combine forced supply ventilation in a wood-burning sauna with natural exhaust. Supply air creates high blood pressure indoors, accelerating the removal of waste through ventilation grilles. Air flow is regulated using sauna ventilation valves. It is quite possible to construct such a sauna ventilation system with your own hands if you have some construction skills.

Sauna ventilation diagram, taking into account utility rooms and calculations

This scheme takes into account not only the steam room, but also the washing compartment and the rest room. Below we provide an explanatory video of ventilation in the sauna.

• steam room - equipped with natural ventilation;
• washing - mechanical hood;
• rest room - natural inflow and outflow;
• utility room - mechanical hood activated by a light switch.

Calculation of air exchange and diameter of air ducts in a sauna

It will not be possible to create ventilation in a sauna “like your neighbor’s”. Required accurate calculations. At the design stage of forced ventilation, air exchange is determined. This is the volume of air that must be replaced in a given room in 1 hour.

Air exchange = O x K,

Where ABOUT– volume of air in the room, TO– frequency of air exchange.

The air exchange rate is a value determined for each type of room:

• steam room – 5;
• shower room – 50;
• rest room – 3;
• massage room – 5.

The calculated figure is rounded up to 0 or 5 after the decimal point.

A balance must be maintained between the inflow and outflow values. Therefore, when, according to calculations, the inflow is greater, the exhaust rate also increases.

Taking into account the obtained values, the diameters of the air channels are calculated.

The cross-sectional shape of the air ducts depends on the design and type of ventilation, but round ducts are easier to install. The knees are connected to each other using sauna fittings. Ventilation valves can be purchased at any large construction supermarket along with all the necessary consumables.

When selecting fan power, you should definitely leave a reserve of air exchange. The total power of supply fans should actually be 6–10% less than the power of exhaust fans. This ensures complete “extraction” of used air from the room.

The difference in performance is compensated by natural inflow through cracks in walls and doors.

The role of the stove in sauna ventilation

Specialized equipment ensures optimal ventilation parameters in the sauna. Allows you to set the desired temperature and humidity, air flow power and heating. However, you cannot install such ventilation in a sauna yourself, and high-tech equipment is very expensive. Therefore, most owners use traditional methods that have worked well for centuries.

And with such technologies, the air flow is provided by the stove. Most often, the firebox is installed in the steam room itself or in an adjacent room. In the second case, heating is carried out by a combustion tunnel. As a rule, saunas have metal fireboxes lined with stone or brick. When tiling, gaps should be left to allow for a small air flow. The gap between the brick and the stove is left up to 1 cm. The front surface of the firebox is lined with brick in three rows.

Air flow in the sauna

The air flow to the stove is provided by a special air duct located under the floor. The outlet is made as close to the firebox as possible. The box for the ventilation duct is equipped with a diameter 1/5 larger than the cross-section of the chimney. The air flow should be directly from the street so that it is truly fresh, without additional basement odors.

You can assemble such ventilation in a sauna with your own hands. A box with access to the street is installed along the baseboard. The inner cut is covered with a lattice, and the outer cut is covered with a mesh to prevent insects or rodents from getting into it.

When the firebox goes into the steam room, one channel should be equipped for inflow, another for convection. Many people hide the bottom box under a podium on the floor. The stove is installed on it, a metal sheet is first placed to prevent fire. The oven is lined with brick, after which a screen with two doors for convection is erected. Through them, heat spreads from the stove throughout the room, and fresh air also penetrates.

Ensuring air flow in the sauna

The outflow of air is carried out by an exhaust ventilation duct located diagonally relative to the supply air duct. This design guarantees excellent ventilation of the steam room. If the wall facing the stove opens into an adjacent room, it is necessary to install a convection door here too.

The outlet of the outlet channel is equipped at 20 - 25 cm from the floor. Next, the pipe runs up to the ceiling and is discharged outside. It is most convenient to use plastic ventilation pipes. For beauty, they are covered on top with boxes made of wooden lining. The most commonly used boxes are 125 square meters in diameter. cm.

The lower doors do not close during lighting. Warm air will be drawn out through the upper ones, partially falling back into the firebox and warming up again. This phenomenon is called furnace runaway. Having achieved intense combustion, the lower doors are closed, while the upper ones are left open.

Kirill Sysoev

Calloused hands never get bored!

Content

Creating an oasis of harmony among hot steam, water flowing like a river from showers or mini-pools is not easy. The operation of the bathhouse requires compliance with some subtleties even at the construction stage. To high humidity did not spoil the structure, and the stale air did not interfere with bath procedures, it is necessary to choose and make the right ventilation.

Ventilation in the bathhouse - diagram and device

Air inflow and outflow – the most important condition, since air exchange is based on the balance of supply ventilation (fresh air) and exhaust - the output of exhaust air. The movement of air flow can occur in a natural, forced or combined way. From the right choice The ventilation system will depend on the level of air humidity, flow circulation, and heat exchange. If the ventilation scheme and arrangement in the bathhouse is disrupted, the microclimate will be disrupted, it will be difficult to breathe, and mold will appear on the walls. Expert advice will help you avoid this:

• The exhaust vent should be higher than the supply vent because cold air heavier than warm.
• It is not recommended to make an exhaust vent on the ceiling, since this place warms up more slowly than others.
• The classic location of the inlet is near the stove and close to the floor.
• Ventilation of the bath should be built according to the principle: supply openings are located on opposite wall from exhaust systems, while dampers should be installed on the latter.

Ventilation in the steam room

To pick up the right system, prolonging the life of the structure and finishing materials, you should understand the characteristics of each type, and steam room ventilation can be of the following types:

According to the operating principle	Peculiarities	Is it suitable for a bath?
Natural	The convection flow is formed due to the pressure difference between the street and the room, and the location of the supply and exhaust openings will interfere with normal heating.
Combined	Using air extraction devices; the absence of strict recommendations for the placement of vents makes this method one of the best.
Mechanical	The supply of fresh air and temperature are maintained by special devices, but despite all the convenience, the disadvantage of this method is considered to be high cost.

Ventilation in the waiting room

Steam room with her high temperature often surrounded by functional spaces. To dry the furnishings, maintain comfortable conditions, and ensure the flow of oxygen-enriched air - these are the main functions of ventilation in the dressing room. If the steam room is used all year round, then you need to take care of installing the fan, ideal option– forced (mechanical) system with exhaust air exhaust through the toilet or washing compartment. The natural way - keeping doors and windows wide open - is an unreliable way to ventilate the dressing room.

Ventilation in the bathhouse sink

Installing the stove correctly and distributing the flow of cold and warm air is just as important as taking care of other bath procedures. The desire to wash yourself by rinsing with water will require a careful approach to the arrangement of this place. To prevent moisture from accumulating under the floor or in the walls, ventilation is needed in the washing compartment of the bathhouse. The simplest option is to make a combined steam room and sink, and if these rooms are separate, then you will need special equipment to remove condensate.

Ventilation in the relaxation room of the bathhouse

After active bath procedures, when the superheated steam air relaxes the muscles, you want to relax. The ventilation device in the relaxation room of the bathhouse is almost no different from the general principles. If the room is small, where there are a couple of shelves, and there is no contact with water, you can periodically create a draft. If the room is large, then ventilation is necessary for a combined bathhouse. Among the latest technical developments, it is better to give preference to compact devices - ventilators.

Ventilation in a frame bath

Wooden floors will rot within a couple of years if you do not take care of the ventilation system and drying. Even antiseptic treatment will not cope with this as well as ventilation in frame bath providing a flow of fresh air. The design of a natural ventilation system includes: ducts, a pipe from the stove, a through recess, vents, and doors. The vent in the bathhouse is located at the top, closer to the roof, and to regulate the flow it must be equipped with a valve or damper. Forced ventilation in a frame bath is used where only one of the walls is external.

Exhaust hood in a log bathhouse

From wooden beam it turns out to be a traditional Russian steam room, and if the vents are positioned correctly, the direction of the air flow will create comfortable conditions. To ensure complete ventilation, the hood in the log bathhouse will still have to be equipped. Classic version involves the arrangement of a natural air exchange pattern. The special feature of the stove-heater vent, a damper with a valve for the chimney, mounting fans to speed up air exchange - all this is necessary to prevent the formation of a layer of condensation and drafts.

How to make ventilation in a bathhouse

Even at the construction stage, it will be necessary to provide for the creation of a ventilation system. How to make a hood in a bathhouse to maintain the microclimate? The logs of a traditional steam room are laid with a gap, so the cracks of the log house allow fresh air to pass through, and ventilation can be done using a draft. Ventilation system in a bathhouse made of brick, foam block or other modern building materials, will require the installation of a ventilation system with required quantity supply and exhaust openings before the construction of the building begins. Preference should be given to a combined or mechanical scheme.

Ventilation bastu

So that dry steam gives a warm embrace, heats floors and protects walls from rot, installation of ventilation is done as follows:

1. There is no need for special holes in the foundation of the building; you can make a wooden floor with slots. Equip the room with a glass door with three hinges, a good seal, and a magnetic latch.
2. Install an electric convection oven, which will ensure air flow circulation according to the principle of an inverted glass.
3. Make an inflow under the stove, and an exhaust hole under the shelf 30 cm from the floor. Warm air will rise up the box under the lining and exit through a hole that should be made on the opposite wall from the inflow (diagonally and as far as possible).
4. The heated air will fill the steam room, pushing the cold air to the bottom. If you make a channel with an adjacent room, the steam room will transfer some of the heat to it.

Sauna ventilation

It is necessary to lay the foundations of a ventilation system at the construction stage, because remodeling a finished building will cost more. Brief instructions according to the design of the bathhouse ventilation system it looks like this:

1. Free placement of vents is allowed, so a combined or mechanical system, including bath hoods, is suitable.
2. For a continuous flow of fresh air, make an vent at the level of half a meter from the floor near the stove, and an exhaust hole on the opposite wall.
3. Be sure to install adjustable dampers (gate, gate) on the inflow and outlet to maintain the microclimate.

Ventilation in a Russian bath

In order for natural ventilation in the steam room of a Russian bath to promote a healing effect, when arranging it, you must adhere to the following scheme:

1. Take care of the possibility of ventilation: window, door, vents.
2. The upper levels of the window and door should coincide, and above this is a place for a heat pocket. For burst ventilation of small steam rooms, simple ventilation is enough to quickly renew the air.
3. A stove with a chimney is a natural exhaust for a bathhouse: exhaust air will flow upward through the duct, and the inflow will be through the cracks at the bottom of the door.
4. For air exchange, arrange vents: an exhaust hole under the ceiling, equip it with a door (damper), and make an inflow next to the stove and install a ventilation grille.

Video: how to properly ventilate a bathhouse

Found an error in the text? Select it, press Ctrl + Enter and we will fix everything!

The need to organize normal air exchange in rooms of such a specific purpose is obvious to everyone. Since the reader wants to understand the structure, typical diagrams and installation features of the ventilation system in a sauna, he knows a priori that its absence negatively affects the effectiveness of the procedures and shortens the service life of all structural elements approximately 3.5 - 4 times.

How to do all the work on installing ventilation in a sauna with your own hands, and technically competently, is the topic of this article.

Standards and requirements for the ventilation scheme in the sauna

The key to success is not only in the meaningful implementation of technological operations at each stage of its installation. The master needs to have a clear idea of ​​what should happen in the end, whether he can do everything with his own hands, how much time it will take and how much the installation of the ventilation system will cost.

Basic Requirements

• Constant flow of air (fresh) from outside.
• Constant temperature in the rooms, including high temperatures in the steam room.

Ventilation systems in bathhouses and saunas are similar in many ways, but there are also fundamental differences. It lies in the way the air is heated. It is dry for a sauna. Therefore, blindly copying circuits without taking into account the peculiarities of their operation is a pointless exercise.

Norms and rules for the design of the ventilation system

• In the sauna, almost all rooms have modest dimensions. In relation to rooms with small in size you need to focus on a ventilation scheme that ensures that the air is renewed approximately every quarter of an hour, at least. For a sauna this is considered the maximum norm.
• During the design and installation process, all risks of drafts or, conversely, areas with stagnant air should be considered and eliminated.

Typical ventilation system diagrams

Mechanical

It is considered the most effective, but also expensive. You will need valves, filters, diffusers, a noise suppression device and a number of other circuit elements. An example is shown in the figure:

Natural

For a DIY device, this is the easiest ventilation option.

But this only applies to the installation process, since high-quality air exchange can only be ensured with accurate engineering calculations. In addition, this scheme has quite a lot of disadvantages. For example, dependence on the direction and strength of the wind.

Supply and exhaust

From the point of view of “efficiency + final cost of installation + do it yourself” - the best engineering solution.

Let’s look at the organization of ventilation according to this scheme in more detail.

Does it make sense to install ventilation in each room according to the same scheme? If for a steam room there is a supply and exhaust system – best option, then for a dressing room or rest room (taking into account costs) it is quite enough to organize natural air exchange.

Design and principle of operation of the circuit

If the reader understands the principle of operation of ventilation in a sauna, then the author’s task is completed. Any owner can handle the installation of the system with his own hands, without involving specialists. Next will be given general recommendations on drawing up the scheme and technology of work.

Inlet openings

In relation to the steam room, they must be mounted at the bottom of the walls and in the area of ​​the stove. Why? Firstly, cold air coming from the street will heat up faster. Secondly, this feature of the scheme prevents it from entering the area where a person is receiving the procedure.

If between the floor covering and door leaf When installing the box, leave a small gap (about 50 mm), this will further increase the efficiency of air exchange between rooms.

Hood

The intake opening of the air outlet channel, regardless of the chosen scheme, is always located strictly opposite the supply one, that is, on the opposite wall of the room. Depending on its specifics, there may be two such “receivers” (in a steam room - a must). The first is at least 100 cm from the level flooring, the second - to remove air from the sauna to the outside - under the ceiling. Both are connected using a box. To eliminate the influence of the wind rose and the height of the fan pipe, a fan should be installed in the hood.

The peculiarity of the scheme is that it is necessary to install adjustable dampers in both channels - inflow and outlet. They are also called gates, gates. It is with the help of such devices that the desired microclimate is maintained in any room.

The appearance of condensation on surfaces and stale air in rooms are clear signs of improper installation or malfunctions of the system.

How does the ventilation circuit work in a steam room?

Ventilation

All valves and doors are fully open and the fan is on. 5 – 10 minutes are enough, and the air in the sauna is completely renewed.

Warming up

The doors and dampers of the exhaust duct are closed, but the supply duct remains open. This achieves rapid heating of the room to the required temperature with a minimum of fuel consumption for the furnace.

Taking treatments in the sauna

The hood damper opens slightly, but only at the lower opening. What does this give? The circulation of flows begins, while the heated air remains in the ceiling area. Consequently, the temperature in the steam room is maintained constant. And at the same time, the renewal of air does not stop. As a result of the operation of the scheme, the most favorable microclimate with significant fuel savings, that is, full compliance with the requirements of paragraph 1.1.

Common mistakes when installing ventilation yourself

• Installation of only one hole for air exhaust from the sauna, albeit with a damper, under the ceiling. This drawback of the circuit risks the fact that the heated air will quickly be removed outside. Consequently, the process of regulating its temperature in the steam room will become more complicated and fuel consumption will sharply increase.
• The location of all openings (supply, exhaust) is at the same height from the floor. It is difficult to judge the effectiveness of the scheme (although the air exchange will be minimal), but it is clear that a draft is provided.
• The cross-section of the exhaust channel is smaller than the inflow channel. Air exchange in the sauna will be difficult. How to choose the optimal parameter for any ventilation scheme? Recommended ratio: per 1 m3 of room – 24 cm² of air duct cross-section.

The scheme described above is the most convenient for doing it yourself, and its effectiveness in the sauna has been confirmed by practice. Dear reader can rest assured that if all the features of its design are taken into account, it will work effectively. Good luck with your design.

A well-equipped ventilation system, all other things being equal, guarantees, firstly, a long service life of the construction and finishing materials used in the arrangement of the serviced premises, and secondly, the comfort and safety of visiting the latter for the user. In particular topical issue arrangement of complete and sufficiently effective ventilation is in the bathhouse, due to the characteristic temperature and humidity conditions and additional requirements for this kind of buildings.

Prices for bath fans

bath fan

Video - Requirements for ventilation in the bathhouse

Choosing the optimal type of ventilation system for servicing a bathhouse is a topic for many hours of discussion. For example, there is natural ventilation. The expenditure of money, time and effort on its arrangement is minimal - the work literally comes down to drilling holes in the walls, installing boxes/pipes and valves/grids.

Ventilation valve and grille
Ventilation grilles for baths and saunas

However, it is impossible to use natural ventilation to service all rooms of the bathhouse. Of course, it would be possible to save money, but the disadvantage of such a solution will become obvious with the arrival of the first winter: along with the influx of fresh air from the street, cold will come in, and everyone knows the combination of frosty air with humidity - everything around will simply freeze. Therefore, natural ventilation in some rooms must be combined with others. existing options in other rooms of the bathhouse.

If the bathhouse is equipped with a washing room or even its own swimming pool, natural ventilation will definitely not cope with the maintenance of such premises - it will have to be equipped exhaust system. And in general, the presence of a forced inflow/outflow of fresh air will be useful both for visitors to the bathhouse and for its premises. Recommendations regarding the optimal composition of the air exchange system are given in the table.

Table. Choosing a ventilation system for different rooms

Room	Recommended ventilation type	Scheme	Description
Steam room, dressing room or relaxation room			Aeration should be understood as organized natural air exchange. The option is most optimally suited for use in a bathhouse: air enters from the bottom of the stove (for other rooms - 25-30 cm above the floor), exhaust is discharged through an opening in the upper part of the room. The work of air exchange is based on elementary physical laws: cold air from the street displaces warm air masses, which have less weight, to the top of the room. Aeration is ideal for use in rooms with high heat output. The presence of additional humidity contributes to an even more pronounced increase in the efficiency of the system.
Wash room, bathroom, room with swimming pool			The system is equipped with a fan and, if necessary, cleaning filters. Mechanical exhaust ventilation is ideal for use in the washroom, pool room and other wet and frequently visited areas of the bathhouse. Mechanical hood provides effective removal unpleasant odors and excess moisture, which makes the air in the serviced area safe and clean. It is impossible to use exhaust ventilation alone - air rarefaction is formed. To compensate for the vacuum, an air flow from the street or other rooms is arranged. Along with this, the presence of supply ventilation will eliminate the likelihood of drafts. The supply ventilation system can be either natural or mechanical. In combination with mechanical exhaust ventilation, it is more expedient to use a mechanical supply system, because the possibilities of natural inflow may ultimately be insufficient to compensate for the resulting rarefaction. Mechanical supply ventilation is based on a blower fan. Additionally, it can be equipped with an air heater, which will eliminate inconvenience and solve the problems of ventilation of serviced premises during the cold season. Additionally, the supplied air can be humidified or purified using appropriate devices. A mechanical system is more complex in arrangement compared to its counterpart, which operates according to the laws of physics: in addition to fans and air ducts, the system may include additional equipment and accessories (diffusers, air distribution grilles, automation equipment, noise suppressors, etc.). This provides an excellent opportunity to design an air exchange system that fully meets the user’s wishes.

Natural ventilation is provided in vestibules, warehouses and other similar premises.

Regardless of the type of ventilation system chosen, the bathhouse must have conditions for simple ventilation. Install adjustable windows in all rooms, the location of which allows this to be done.

Video - Types of ventilation systems

Instructions for self-calculation of air exchange

An elementary formula is used for calculation:

W (required volume of fresh/exhaust air) = k (coefficient indicating the frequency of air exchange) x V (volume of the room served, determined by multiplying the width of the room by the length and height).

That is, first you must calculate the volume of each room and find for it the required indicator of the volume of clean air (in calculations it is usually denoted Wpr, i.e. inflow) and a similar indicator of exhaust air (denoted as Wout, outflow). In this case, multiplicity factors must be taken into account. Calculated values ​​are rounded upward – last digit the number must be 0 or 5.

Next, the summation of all Wpr is performed. A similar action is carried out for the found Ww. The resulting amounts are compared. If the total value of Wpr exceeds the total value of Wpr, you need to increase the hood volume for rooms with minimum value air exchange, if on the contrary - increase the inflow by the missing value. That is, at the output, the sum of all Wpr should be equal to the total value of the found Wt.

The results of the calculations will allow us to determine the optimal cross-sections of the installed air ducts and select suitable look ventilation system. Thus, there will be no special problems with calculating the volume of premises and other related data. For greater convenience of subsequent processing, enter the found values ​​in a simple table, as in the example presented.

In the example given, the total value of Wpr is less than the sum of all found Wt by an indicator equal to 110 m3. In order for the balance to be maintained, it is necessary to ensure an influx of clean air in the missing quantity. This can only be done in the waiting room. Thus, the value of 55 m3 for the dressing room given in the table must be replaced with an indicator of 165 m3. Then the balance will be maintained.

Start calculating the air ducts to be installed and drawing up the structure of the ventilation system being installed.

The ventilation system is designed in such a way that the air moves through the installed air ducts at the following speeds:

• ≤ 5 m/s in main ducts and ≤3 m/s in existing branches – for ventilation systems mechanical type;
• ≤ 1 m/sec – for air exchanges operating on a natural principle;
• 2 m/sec – for natural air exchange directly in the steam room.

When choosing the cross-section of air ducts, take into account the above indicators. As for the profile of the duct/pipe, this point is determined by the design features of the air exchange and the bath itself. For example, air ducts with a round cross-section are easier to install compared to their rectangular “counterparts”, and it is much easier to select the required connecting fittings for round air ducts.

The relationship between the diameter of the air ducts and other significant indicators is demonstrated in the following tables.

For example, we will work with round air ducts. We select the required sections according to the appropriate table, focusing on the indicators in the table Example of ventilation calculation.

The calculated air flow was 165 m3/hour. The air flow at this flow rate should move no faster than 5 m/sec. In accordance with the table above for round air ducts, we select the cross-section according to the specified data. The table value closest to ours is 221 m3/hour. The air duct cross-section is 125 mm.

Air duct with insulation
Flexible ducts

In the same order, we determine the optimal sections for all branches of the system in the serviced premises, remembering that the air flow in them should move at a speed not exceeding 3 m/sec (in vestibules and storage rooms - 1 m/sec, in the steam room - 2 m/sec sec):

• steam room: calculated Ww is 60 m3/hour, which requires the installation of an air duct with a cross-section of 125 mm;
• shower room - Ww is 50 m3/hour, the air moves at a speed of 3 m/sec, a 100 mm air duct is suitable;
• toilet - indicators are similar to the shower room;
• pantry, vestibule, etc. – indicators (except for air speed) are similar to shower and toilet.

Important! In the shower room (wash room, room with a swimming pool) there is an increased level of humidity. When determining the cross-section of the air duct for this room, it is necessary to make an adjustment towards increase (in this example - 125 mm).

For greater convenience, enter all the information received into the table. You can use the template below as an example.

Important note! In the above table, the exhaust volume exceeds the volume of incoming clean air. This happened for the reason that the sections were determined by the nearest flow rate, and the diameter of the air duct in the washing room was intentionally increased. In practice, such an approach will only be beneficial - the margin for outflow and inflow will not be superfluous.

SNiP 2.08.01-89. Residential buildings. File for download

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises. Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00. File for download

Building codes Russian Federation heating, ventilation and conditioning SNiP 41-01-2003. File for download

The cross-sectional area of ​​the ventilation window is determined in accordance with the volume of the room served: 24 cm2 for every 1 m3.

All that remains is to deal with optimal height Ventilation hole locations:

• for the flow of fresh air - on average 25-30 cm above the floor (in the steam room - near the stove);
• for exhaust air outflow - approximately 15-20 cm below the ceiling, usually on the opposite wall to the supply wall.

Popular bath ventilation schemes

Only options for arranging ventilation in the steam room deserve special consideration - in the remaining rooms everything is done according to the standard scheme, for example, like this:

Air exchange in the steam room can be organized in accordance with 4 main schemes presented in the following image.

Scheme "a". The most popular option. The window for air flow is next to the stove, at a distance of about 25-30 cm from the floor. Incoming clean air gradually displaces the waste heat upward to the opposite wall. There is an exhaust hole on it, approximately 15-25 cm below the ceiling.

Scheme "b". Both holes are on the same wall. The circuit will only work if you install an exhaust fan. Fresh air enters through bottom hole, installed in the wall opposite to the stove. The air will rush in the direction of the stove, and then, covering the space of the steam room in an arc, move to the hood and be discharged outside the bathhouse.

Scheme "c". This option is suitable for steam rooms with leaking floors. The inlet hole is located as in diagram “a”. Having warmed up in the upper part of the steam room, the air descends to the floor, passes through the gaps in the boardwalk, facilitating more efficient drying of the boards, and is then discharged through an exhaust vent, usually located in another room. Exhaust can also be carried out through a separate isolated channel.

Scheme "g". Option for baths with a constantly running stove. IN in this case The exhaust function is performed by the furnace ash hole. The supply window is located under the shelf, in the wall opposite to the stove. The height of the inlet opening must correspond to the height of the furnace vent. Fresh air rushes towards the stove, displacing the air masses heated by it to the ceiling. Cooling there, the air descends and is removed from the bathhouse through the ash pan.

To ensure that the air exchange system operates as efficiently and as efficiently as possible, before starting its installation, study and remember a few simple tips.

If your bathhouse has a bathroom or even a kitchen, equip them only with exhaust ventilation - this solution will eliminate the possibility of unpleasant odors spreading to other rooms. As an alternative, you can install fresh ventilation in other rooms, and equip the bathrooms with natural exhaust - in this case, the air will move towards the bathrooms.

When calculating the performance of fans, it is recommended to reduce the total power of the supply units by 5-10% of the total capacity of the exhaust units. In this case, the exhaust air will be completely replaced by incoming air masses, and a reserve of 5-10% will compensate for the influx of air entering through windows, cracks, etc., which will allow a balance to be maintained.

In rooms with only one natural ventilation It is recommended to make opening windows - this will increase the efficiency of fresh air supply and reduce the risk of fungi, mold, rot, etc.

Important! If your bathhouse has a non-standard configuration, the design of the ventilation system will also be individual. When compiling it, the features of the composition of the premises, their design, design features etc.

The main stages of independent installation of a ventilation system

Any ventilation system in any room is installed in approximately the same sequence. The differences are present only in the characteristics of the air duct openings and their locations, as well as the configuration of the system (mechanical, in contrast to natural, are supplemented various kinds devices).

For example, the following arrangement of ventilation elements can be used.

Or its slightly modified analogue, shown in the following image.

Recommendations regarding the choice of the location of each opening, the type of air exchange system for different rooms of the bath, as well as the procedure for determining the characteristics of ventilation elements, were discussed earlier.

Along with this, the procedure for arranging ventilation may vary depending on which constructive option you will give preference. Available solutions A little:

• independent ventilation in each room. A simpler option. Work is limited to the installation of transoms, vents, fans and other necessary elements, if provided for by the project. Fans can be mounted both in windows and in separate ducts led outside through the wall;
• centralized system. A more complex option. Requires installation of ventilation ducts. It is used mainly in private homes - in the case of a bathhouse, this option will be too expensive and labor-intensive;
• "hybrid" option. Some rooms are ventilated individually, others are combined into a joint system.

An appropriate option for use in a bathhouse is independent ventilation - the owner can choose the optimal characteristics of fans and other elements for each room, saving money, time and effort on carrying out the activities necessary to combine the channels into a single system.

Important! The location of some bathhouse premises may not allow for the establishment of an independent supply and exhaust ventilation. In this case, it will not be possible to avoid laying ventilation ducts. Alternatively, the boxes can be placed in the attic, and the ventilation holes can be installed in the ceiling or connected to channels installed in the walls (the option is more complicated if the installation of such channels was not provided for by the project at the construction stage of the bathhouse).

In most cases, the first option is used: ventilation pipes of the required length are led out through holes in the ceilings of the premises served and are either equipped with their own fan, if necessary (easier to implement for an untrained user, the procedure is similar to that shown in the following table), or are connected into a single circuit and connect to a common hood (may require the involvement of specialists).

Remember: maximum efficiency The operation of the ventilation system is ensured by using the shortest and straightest air ducts possible - up to 3 m when arranging natural air exchange and up to 6 m when using electric fans.

The procedure for installing an independent ventilation system is given in the following table.

Important! The example describes instructions for arranging a mechanical ventilation system using fans. The installation procedure for natural air exchange remains almost the same: only the stages of laying wires and installing fans are excluded.

Table. Ventilation arrangement

Work stage	Explanations
	The operating procedure remains the same for the supply and exhaust openings. Only the height of their arrangement and location changes ( possible options discussed earlier), as well as the type of fans used (supply or exhaust). The characteristics of the latter are selected individually, taking into account the volume of the room served, the required speed of air movement in the air ducts, the required air exchange rate, etc. – all these points were covered in the theoretical part. We arrange the holes in the following order: - outline the center and contours. We make the markings so that the resulting diameter of the hole slightly (usually a 2-3 mm gap is made) exceeds the diameter of the pipe being installed (recommendations for choosing the diameters of air ducts were given earlier); - using a puncher we make a hole in accordance with the markings. We hold the working tool horizontally, but with a slight downward tilt; - carefully take out the cut material (a hammer and chisel will help us with this), after which we carefully clean the finished hole from dirt and dust.
	Ventilation pipe (housing ventilation duct) is placed in the prepared hole, but before this it (if mechanical/forced ventilation is planned) must be equipped with a fan. Useful recommendation! Buy initially ready-made kits for arranging ventilation, including, in addition to related additions, a ventilation duct/pipe and a fan with a housing of the appropriate size - this way you will avoid difficulties at the assembly stage. The pipe with the fan is placed in the prepared hole, and the remaining cracks are filled with foam.
	The fan is electrical appliance, therefore, it needs to be connected to the network. Let's do this while the mounting foam dries (at least 10-12 hours). The procedure is standard: - the contours of the groove for the cable are cut out in the wall using a grinder. Excess material is removed using a bumper; - a hole is prepared in the wall for installing a switch box (for example, you can use a hammer drill). The box is installed (pre-read the instructions specific to your switch). The switch itself will be mounted after finishing; - the wire is laid in the groove. To fix the cable we use alabaster; - connect the wire to the switch and the fan. First, be sure to study the connection diagram recommended by the fan manufacturer in the attached instructions, because It may differ for different devices. As an example, one of the most commonly used schemes is given.
	All that remains is to bring the entire structure into proper form. To do this we do the following: - get rid of excess dried polyurethane foam using a knife; - putty the grooves; - we install adjustable ventilation grilles on both sides of the pipe. For fastening we use self-tapping screws. If provided, at the appropriate stages of work we install additional elements(for example, air heater, filter, etc.). Each of these devices is installed individually - we first clarify these points in the manufacturer’s instructions.

Video - Arrangement of ventilation holes

Video - Ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands - diagram