Air heating together with the ventilation system must obey sanitary rules and norms. Two such systems can be connected for more effective work each of them.

What is ventilation for?

The purposes of ventilation systems are simple and understandable for everyone: the system serves to remove exhaust air from residential premises. After all, when food is cooked, bathrooms are used, in a word, vital activity boils, the air acquires the following features: an increase in humidity, an increase in the concentration of dust, an accumulation unpleasant odors, lowering the amount of oxygen. And, meanwhile, if the unpleasant smell and dust are just uncomfortable factors, then an increase in humidity can lead to water that will appear on the walls in the form of condensate.

So, the ventilation system serves to replace dirty air with fresh air. Ventilation can be exhaust and supply and exhaust. In the latter case, air heating, like the ventilation system, is done taking into account the possibility of heat recovery: that is, the exhaust air goes next to the supply duct, while giving it some of the heat. The simplest heat exchanger can significantly reduce heat loss through ventilation.

Standards

The standards are laid down in the annexes to SNiP 2.04.05-91. The air exchange rate for living quarters should be at least 0.35/hour. Simply put, the volume of air should be completely renewed approximately every 3 hours. For one person constantly present in the room, there must be at least 30 cubic meters of fresh air per hour. As for kitchens, there is a norm of 60 cubic meters per hour for electric stoves and 90 cubic meters per hour for gas stove for 4 burners. In addition, it should be possible to periodically ventilate the room with an air exchange rate of at least 180 cubic meters per hour. For this purpose, a window or transom is used plastic window, but you can use a hood.

For bathrooms and toilets - 25 cubic meters per hour for each room. If these bathrooms are combined, then the norm is 50 cubic meters per hour.

air heating

Air heating is required in order to maintain a comfortable temperature during the cold season. And what exactly is this temperature - painted in GOST 30494-96.
So, for residential premises the norm is +20 degrees, for corner living rooms- +22 degrees. For kitchen area- +18 degrees, bathroom - +25 degrees, and toilet - +18 degrees. Note that such norms are suitable for apartment buildings.

The power calculations commonly used by air-heating and ventilation designers are fairly average values ​​and it will be difficult to accurately determine heat leakage. In addition, they change depending on which this moment temperature, wind and humidity outside.

But for quite a long time there has been such a technique that can be based on in the case of independent design. The instruction here is quite simple: 40 W of thermal power is needed per 1 cubic meter of space. We add 100 W of heat to each window opening. For each door that leads to the street - 200. The coefficient for corner apartments is 1.2-1.3, for private houses - 1.5. A regional coefficient is also applied: 0.7-0.9 for warm regions, 1.2-1.3 for the European part Russian Federation, 1.5-2.0 for the Far North and Far East. When the street is over warm temperature to regulate the temperature in the house without opening the windows, you can replace the radiator valve with a throttle or a thermostatic head.

Usually heating with warm air and ventilation are two different circuits that do not intersect with each other. However, in some cases, the ventilation and heating systems can be combined.

The first option is compact installations of the domestic industry. Heat source in this case– combustion of diesel fuel, electricity. So, the fan is activated, which provides the injection of heated air.

Such installations and their analogues are most often used in garages, small workshops, small industrial facilities as a system for periodic use. But in order to heat and ventilate a residential building, such devices are uneconomical.

Hot air heating with boilers combined with heating stoves and duct systems is the more common option. So, the combustion of fuel is provided not by the coolant, but by the air that is blown through the heat exchanger. Hot air flows through the duct system throughout the house. To reduce non-target heat losses, ventilation and heating systems are laid with heat-insulated sleeves, placed under the finishing floor between the logs, hidden in the walls and installed above the false ceiling.

The cold air that is forced out of the room goes to the street in whole or in part. Some of this air can be used again for heating.

Note that it would seem more logical to supply warm air through grilles, which are located as close to the floor as possible. So, due to convection, the air will evenly heat the room. But not in this case. Usually, the ventilation system supplies the air heated by the boiler from above, then the cold air masses are forced out into those exhaust grilles that are located below.

Heat pumps and ducted air conditioners

Sometimes you can find combined climate control systems, which include components such as:

• Ducted air conditioner, which, depending on the weather, is able to heat, cool and dehumidify the air.
• Dust filter.
• An ultraviolet filter that disinfects the air.
• Supply and exhaust ventilation system.

In this case, the source of thermal energy is electrical energy. Studying the reviews, it can be noted that such a scheme of work is very convenient. After all, you have only one control unit that controls absolutely all the characteristics from one point. When compared with traditional system, where the fan is somewhere in the attic, air conditioners are in the rooms, air heating through pipes is somewhere else, then such a system seems more thoughtful and improved.

It is also economical when compared with diesel systems, pellet boilers, bottled gas. The inverter compressor control system pumps 3.5-4.5 kW of heat into the premises for every 1 kW of electrical power.

In addition, with such a combined system, you can save the interior of the premises. Indeed, in this case, only ventilation grilles will be visible, since air heating, as seen in the photo, does not require the installation of wiring and radiators.

Of course, there are several disadvantages of this kind of scheme. Price finished system- quite high. For example, if we take Chinese ducted air conditioners with a heat output of 15 kWh for heating, they will cost about 70,000 rubles.

An outdoor unit that extracts heat from atmospheric air, can function at a temperature not lower than -15 - -25 degrees Celsius. And with a drop in temperature outside, the efficiency of the system will only decrease.

An alternative to such a system is a geothermal heat pump. So, if in winter period the air cools down to very low temperature regime, then below the freezing depth, the earth is constantly warmed up to 8-12 degrees. A heat exchanger with a sufficient area is immersed in the ground - and you will have an almost endless resource of heat that needs to be pumped into your home.

Security questions

Of course, when designing, you should take into account all the necessary fire safety requirements for ventilation and heating systems. Such requirements are fully spelled out in manual 13.91 to SNiP 2.04.05-91. However, only part of them applies to residential premises.

So, when using an air duct made of combustible materials, it should be laid in a shaft or a non-combustible sleeve. Combustibility should not be lower than group G1 - slightly combustible, the temperature of the combustion products - no more than 135 degrees Celsius.

It is allowed to use fans and their casings made of combustible material. Of course, galvanized air ducts are safer. It is these products that are used in industrial premises. For safety reasons, we recommend limiting the temperature of the air supplied to the living room to 60 degrees.

A comfortable microclimate is one of the most important components in the life of every person. It directly affects the well-being and performance. But it is not always possible to achieve it with the help of conventional microclimatic devices.

Heating ventilation will become great solution to create a comfortable and cozy atmosphere in the room. Adjusting the microclimatic device allows you to adjust the temperature and the amount of fresh air inflow at which it will be comfortable for you.

Due to the variety of modes and ease of use, supply ventilation with heating is relevant in in public places, in factories and residential areas.

What is forced ventilation with air heating?

Ventilation with the influx of air masses differs from standard air conditioning systems. The principle of its work is to scoop up air from the outside. Thus, in addition to cooling and heating, such ventilation enriches the room with oxygen, while conventional air conditioning systems simply circulate the air of the room space.

Supply air is heated in the ventilation unit. Ventilation unit supply ventilation with heating has a high heat dissipation. Therefore, even during severe frosts, ventilation continuously supplies masses of fresh hot air.

Ventilation with heating is carried out due to air exchange. The circulation and heating of the inflow of air masses is carried out in the supply and exhaust units with a heat exchanger. The air drawn from the outside is heated in the heat exchanger due to the temperature of the air masses that are discharged. The heat exchanger prevents mixing of "exhaust" and incoming fresh air.

Another way to heat the supply ventilation is with the help of recirculation. At this method heating, fresh air masses are mixed with “exhausted” air masses. The influx of air from the street is heated to the desired temperature and fed into the room.

Design features of the device

The main elements of supply ventilation

• Air intake grill. Acts as an aesthetic design, and a barrier that protects debris particles in the supply air masses.
• Supply ventilation valve. Its purpose is to block the passage of cold air from the outside in winter and hot air in summer. You can make it work automatically using an electric drive.
• Filters. Their purpose is to purify the incoming air. I need a replacement every 6 months.
• Water heater, electric heaters - designed to heat the incoming air masses.
• For rooms with a small area, it is recommended to use ventilation systems, with electric heaters, for large spaces - a water heater.

Additional elements

• Fans.
• Diffusers (contribute to the distribution of air masses).
• Noise suppressor.
• Recuperator.

The design of ventilation directly depends on the type and method of fixing the system. They are passive and active.

Passive ventilation systems.

Such a device is a supply ventilation valve. The scooping of street air masses occurs due to the pressure drop. In the cold season, the temperature difference contributes to the injection, in the warm season - the exhaust fan. The regulation of such ventilation can be automatic and manual.

Automated regulation directly depends on:

• the flow rate of air masses passing through the ventilation;
• air humidity in the space.

The disadvantage of the system is that in the winter season such ventilation is not effective for heating the house, since a large temperature difference is created.

On the wall

Refers to the passive type of supply ventilation. Such an installation has a compact box that is mounted on the wall. To control the heating, it is equipped with an LCD display and a control panel. The principle of operation is to recuperate internal and external air masses. To heat the room, this device is placed near the heating radiator.

Active ventilation systems

Since in such systems it is possible to regulate the intensity of fresh air supply, such ventilation for heating and space heating is more in demand.

According to the principle of heating, such a supply heater can be water and electric.

Water heater

Powered by heating system. The principle of operation of this ventilation system is to circulate air through a system of channels and tubes, inside which hot water or special liquid. In this case, heating takes place in a heat exchanger built into the centralized heating system.

Electric heater.

The principle of operation of the system is to convert electrical energy into thermal energy using an electric heating element.

breather

This is a compact device small sizes for forced ventilation, with heating. To supply fresh air, this device is attached to the wall of the room.

Breather Tion o2

Breezer construction o2:

• Channel consisting of an air intake and an air duct. This is a sealed and insulated tube, due to which the device draws air from outside.
• Air retention valve. This element is an air gap. It is designed to prevent the outflow of warm air while the device is turned off.
• Filtration system. It consists of three filters, which are installed in a certain sequence. The first two filters clean the air flow from visible contaminants. The third filter - deep cleaning - from bacteria and allergens. It cleans the incoming air from various odors and exhaust gases.
• Fan for air supply from the street.
• Ceramic heater, which is equipped with climate control. Responsible for heating the inflow of air flows and automatic temperature control.

The principle of operation of compact ventilation.

1. Masses outdoor air pass through the air intake, which is equipped with a plastic grille closed type. Thus, the air masses are filtered from debris and insects.
2. The air then passes through the duct into the body of the instrument. To protect the walls from freezing, it is made of sound and heat insulating plastic pipe. In this case, all joints are sealed.
3. Then it is filtered from coarse and medium dust using special filters built into the device.
4. After that, the air mass passes into the heater and warms up to the temperature set by the climate control. On such a device, you can set the desired temperature (up to + 25 ° C) and the system will maintain it automatically.
5. After heating, the air passes through a two-stage filtration from fine dust, odors, gases and allergens, enters the fan and is discharged into the room.

Such supply ventilation can be controlled remotely using the remote control.

The bottom device is mounted within one hour.

Supply ventilation device with air heating

There are two types of units for forced ventilation:

1. Monoblock - they are made up of one block, which is installed at the inlet of the duct. In this block are all without exception necessary fixture providing high-quality and reliable service of the ventilation structure. This kind of device is often generally introduced into the wall or into window frames. This method is considered the simplest and most inexpensive. But in practice, it is rather inefficient, since the placement of its intake fans does not make it possible to cover many areas of the building.
2. Mounting - these supply ventilation systems have sufficient power to cover high-rise buildings, large industrial premises, apartment buildings.

Supply ventilation schemes

The easiest type of installation:

• Air filter,
• blower fan,
• Heating element.

How to heat the supply air with a heat exchanger?

Recuperators are divided into 2 types:

1. Rotary- work with electricity. Have a body cylindrical shape in which the rotor element is mounted. It constantly rotates between the "incoming" and "exhaust" air valves. Quite a large piece. Efficiency - up to 87%.
2. lamellar. Such recuperators consist of combined plates. Supply and "exhaust" air move towards each other, through different valves. This prevents recirculation. Such recuperators are usually small in size.

Channel heaters.

A duct heater (or heater) is a device that heats the air in a room. It consists of pipes inside which water, steam or hot air circulates.

According to the principle of heat transfer, duct heaters are divided into: electric and water. Water heaters must be connected to central heating systems.

How can you use a heater

The main purpose of a fan heater is to heat air masses. For more intensive circulation of flows - the fan pumps air forcibly. This makes this device versatile.

Fan heater operation options:

• This appliance can be used as the main source of heat supply to a room where there is no central heating.
• The fan heater can complement the main heating system.
• For heating construction sites and workers on them.
• For fast heating of air in a small room.
• The fan heater can be used as a conventional fan: in winter - for heating, in summer - for cooling the air.
• For ventilation and heating of closed premises.

How to calculate power

When choosing a supply ventilation with heating, you need to correctly calculate its power. To do this, you should be guided by the following parameters:

• Type of premises and its area - an apartment or a house (one floor or several, the presence of a basement floor, non-residential premises), an office, a factory, a gym, etc.

In industrial facilities with large areas and in rooms with special operating conditions, a special exhaust unit with air heating is used.

• The layout of the ventilated room.

For household objects, the location of the rooms is important, whether they are walk-through or isolated. The number and location of ventilation devices will depend on such indicators.

• The purpose of the space of the room and the number of people permanently staying in it.

When designing a supply ventilation system with heating, it is necessary to take into account the type of room, its purpose and the likely number of people who will constantly stay in it. In accordance with European standards, air exchange should be 12-20 m3 per person per hour.

• Availability of additional equipment (industrial facilities, offices), features in operation. If the room has a lot of such equipment as: computers, typewriters, welders, ovens, etc. When choosing the installation of a supply and exhaust system, this must be taken into account. Also important are the features of the operation of the premises. Since the installation, which is intended for operation in private homes, is in no way suitable for bath complexes, with a sauna and a swimming pool.

Significant differences in supply exhaust systems as well as for different climatic zones.

Air heating (VO) is a common practice in the private sector. Such systems allow you to heat the room autonomously, cool if necessary, control the microclimate and give high efficiency rates. To decide whether you should decide to install such a system or stop at steam heating, let's look at the principle of operation, types, scope, positive and negative aspects of operation, design and installation features.

Principle of operation

The simplest example of an air heating system for a private house is an ordinary Russian wood-burning stove. To cook dinner and heat the room, you have to stock up on firewood and kindle the stove. The air around the stove gradually heats up and spreads around the room, thereby warming up the entire dwelling.

Natural gravitational circulation is based on simple laws of physics: warm air is lighter, so it tends to rise up, cold air sinks down.

The principle of operation of the air heating system is quite simple, the fan pumps cold air, it is heated with a burner and then distributed throughout the house.

However, this heating principle implies natural air circulation. Modern systems work with forced supply of hot air. The flow is supplied by pumps and fan elements. Air ducts conduct warm air to all rooms of the house and heat them up. As it cools, the cold air sinks to the floor, where it enters the duct opening, and the cycle begins anew.

Circulation methods

Air circulation can be carried out in several ways:

• with the inclusion of fresh air in the cycle (recommended);
• without air supply from the outside (closed cycle);
• co-current circulation - in this case, cold air is brought out, and a new portion is also received from the street.

Where is VO used

Scheme of air movement in the air heating system frame house where the duct is installed in hollow walls.

Air heating is recommended to be installed in private frame-type houses. Since the design of such a house provides for the presence of voids between outer lining and internal coating, the duct system can be installed in the hollow spaces of the wall, without affecting the decoration of the house.

Another option for installing an air system is to include it in the project of a future building. So, when erecting walls between them, technical niches are left for further installation of the system. If you plan to install air heating in a finished structure without such blanks, then you will have to deploy large-scale construction and rebuild the walls.

Device and types of air heating in private houses

Most often, the air heating system for a private house has the following components:

• heat generator - usually its role is played by a water heater, which is responsible for heating the air;
• air ducts to ensure the supply of warm air to the room;
• fan to set the direction of air flow inside the room.

VO systems are formed according to gravitational or forced schemes.

Gravity schemes

The natural or gravitational scheme implies that warm air circulates due to a change in its density when its temperature changes. The main advantage of this type is that The system operates almost independently of electrical network . However, due to disadvantages, the range of use of this approach is limited.

The work can be disrupted by a draft or an influx of cool air from the street, and then excessive heating of the air near the ceiling and strong cooling of the main part of the room are provided.

Forced Schemes

The main difference between the forced system is the presence of a fan that regulates the direction of air flow. The heat generator heats the air, the fan creates pressure and directs the masses through the pipes. Such ventilation systems are installed under the heater, into which air is cleaned from dust and foreign odors. After the heat exchanger, the air is directed to the air ducts, and its return is provided by return air ducts or ventilation grilles.

Advantages and disadvantages of air heating

To make a choice, consider the features of using such systems in private homes:

Heating of a private house, in the role heating element fireplace protrudes.

1. Estimated service life is 30 years. Usually, after a couple of years, the costs of VO are fully paid off to the owners.
2. No leaks or risk of pipe freezing, high efficiency, no intermediate transmission elements and low energy consumption.
3. Fans can "cooperate" with a conventional stove and supply warm air to all rooms. A well-known example is the fireplace air heating of a private house.
4. Filters and ionizers are able to purify the air of odors and eliminate harmful particles.
5. The system creates an optimal microclimate, producing additional air humidification or drying, depending on the characteristics of the climate and the room.
6. AT summer time you can cool the room with additional draft ducts that supply cool air.
7. If you are not at home, the system runs at a minimum and quickly heats up when needed.
8. The main disadvantage is the need for power supply of the forced circulation system. and the need for backup power if there are power outages.
9. Help for installing the system is laid only during the construction of the building or complex repairs are carried out with subsequent installation.
10. VO is quite demanding for repair and maintenance; with regular use, it is difficult to carry out a full-fledged modernization.

How to draw up a heating project

If you decide to install a VO system, you should understand and develop a detailed project. Key points to consider when planning:

• heating rate (warm air supply) and room area;
• the power of the heat generator, which is calculated based on the characteristics of the house and possible heat losses (state of doors, windows, walls);
• dimensions of the ducts and the subsequent value of the air pressure loss.

Please note that for the optimal operation of the system, all calculations are made by competent specialists. Due to miscalculations and attempts to independently “estimate” the operation of the system, intense heat loss, strong noise and vibration during operation are possible.

Air heating installation principle

Air heating of a private house is mounted in the voids in the walls and floor, and this improves the appearance of the house, saving it from various pipes and radiators.

Elements of the system are mounted mainly in free cavities in walls and floors, which significantly ennobles the room. However, their installation must be planned not yet at the stage of building a house or a significant redevelopment should be carried out. To heat the room, special grilles are mounted on the walls to supply warm and take cold air. If the project provides for functional additions, then VO can crash into the air conditioning system and be combined with ventilation. The equipment itself is capable of operating from different sources supply: gas, coal, electricity. For the rest, VO determines for the installation individual plan works.

One of the features of the system is that it is almost impossible to build air heating of a private house with your own hands, unless, of course, you have a sufficient technical base.

Ecology of consumption. Science and technology: How to organize air heating of a cottage or warehouse? What equipment is needed for this? What can serve as a source of thermal energy and how to dilute heat from it?

How to organize air heating of a cottage or warehouse? What equipment is needed for this? What can serve as a source of thermal energy and how to dilute heat from it? Let's try to figure it out.

Quite an unusual view of the boiler room, right?

WHAT IT IS

Strictly speaking, this category includes all methods of heating without the mediation of a coolant. This includes heat guns, and air conditioners in heating mode, and conventional fan heaters. In the established terminology, however, air heating equipment is a rather limited list of devices designed to heat air and supply it to air ducts.

Both electricity and the combustion of gas, diesel fuel or waste oil can serve as a heat source. We will not limit ourselves in the choice of some framework and will try to consider the most practical schemes implementation of air heating, regardless of how the respective devices are positioned on the market.

PROS AND CONS

It is worth making a small lyrical digression. The disadvantages and advantages will still have to be discussed in relation to the classical scheme: the heat source is in the same room; for all others, warm air is diluted by air ducts. However: in practice, for large rooms without partitions (for a garage, greenhouses or workshops), either several heat sources are used, or one with air flows directed by means of dampers. The distribution of warm air by sleeves is simply not required.

ADVANTAGES

• Little inertia. After starting the air heaters, the room will warm up in a matter of minutes. For comparison: with convection heating of a house with the mediation of a coolant, only the release of water in the batteries to an acceptable temperature can take up to two hours.
• Relative cheapness. Air heating boilers do not differ in cost from those intended for water heating systems; but wiring is much cheaper. An aluminum sleeve and a ventilation grill are not comparable in cost to a radiator, a pipe and fittings to it.
• Resistance to low temperatures. Air heating of industrial premises can be safely stopped at night and not be afraid of defrosting pipes and radiators.
• Light concealed installation. Water heating implies that at least the radiators or convectors themselves remain visible. Yes, there are also underfloor heating convectors; but try drowning them in a concrete floor in a city apartment. And to raise the floor by the required few centimeters, the height of the ceilings does not always allow, and the amount of work will be rather rather big.
• Compatibility with ventilation. What's more, air source heat pumps for heating can also provide air conditioning if necessary.

The diagram shows the direction of air flow during operation climatic complex for heating.

• Ease of launch. Heating with air does not require long balancing of radiators, bleeding air from the expansion tank and radiators, setting the operating pressure in the heating system and other tedious procedures. In fairness: balancing is only performed at the first start, and the problem of bleeding air will be solved by an automatic heating air valve. He will independently let the air out and block the way for the coolant.

LIMITATIONS

In fact, serious problem only one. If the exhaust ventilation in the room is easy to place under the ceiling, where it will not bother anyone, then the installation of air heating is carried out so that the flow of warm air is as close to the floor as possible. In this case, it is possible to ensure efficient heat distribution by convection at a low air flow rate.

Yes, you can blow air from under the ceiling with a powerful stream, and it will also effectively heat the room; but would you like a constant draft in your bedroom or living room? And since the air flow is located below, it means that the air ducts will either have to be hidden behind decorative coating walls, reducing the usable volume of the room, or laying under the finishing floor, between the lag. Useful: a relatively small decorative drywall box can also be a way out. With ceiling distribution of warm air, it will be necessary to provide a sufficiently high flow rate.

BUT

Heating with an air conditioner or heat pump avoids all the problems associated with distributing warm air. An air heating project may include several independent devices, or the so-called multi-split system - one external unit and several internal ones. Lines are much thinner than air ducts, and they are easy to place under the ceiling.

HEAT SOURCES

What heat sources can heat generators use for air heating?

SOLID FUEL BOILERS

Perhaps the most popular stove for air heating is buleryan. The name of the manufacturer has long become a household name for all pyrolysis furnaces with heat exchanger pipes that provide natural circulation of heated air. The stove is located anywhere in the house. For her, a boiler room is completely optional: in the living room, she will not spoil the design of the room with her appearance and will not pollute the air with combustion products. In principle, buleryan is able to warm up a house with a rather complex configuration of premises and due to natural circulation; however, if necessary, hot air from it is diluted by aluminum ducts with natural or forced circulation through several rooms or floors. It is not at all difficult to mount an air heating system with buleryan with your own hands.

The instruction is simple:

• We install the stove in any place where it will not interfere and there is an opportunity to store a daily supply of firewood nearby.
• We fasten the aluminum air ducts from above to the pipes encircling the firebox with heat-resistant aluminum tape.
• We fasten short sections of the same air ducts with duct fans fixed in them from below.
• We part the sleeves from the furnace in the rooms that are planned to be heated.

​

Here, the wiring is made more expensive, but also with better thermal insulation properties of a sandwich pipe. A very curious alternative is air-heated fireplaces. An ordinary fireplace uselessly gives off most of the heat with the products of combustion, but here the thermal energy produced during the combustion of fuel is used to heat the air in a cast-iron or steel casing. Further, everything is familiar to us: the air is bred through the duct system through the rooms.

GAS BOILERS AND CLIMATE COMPLEXES BASED ON THEM

They are used both as a separate device that provides the house with heat, and as part of the climate complex. In the first case, the operation scheme is quite simple: the boiler, burning gas, heats the heat exchanger, through which air is forcibly driven. Then he gets divorced on the premises. Solutions of the second type include, along with the boiler, additional equipment:

• Heat recovery system;
• Air conditioning system (as a rule, duct air conditioning acts as this);
• Humidifier;
• UV cleaner, which disinfects the air circulating around the house;
• Dust filter.

The project will cost, of course, not cheap. The domestic climate system Antares Comfort, for example, boasts a cost of about 3,000 rubles per square meter serviced area, which for a cottage of 150 square meters will result in a very impressive 10-odd thousand euros. For comparison: heating equipment from the famous American manufacturer Goodman costs 1300 - 1500 rubles per square meter. This is also the cost of a turnkey complex, but it provides only heating. Of course, the manufacturer is ready to offer and complex solutions at a higher price. Curious: gas boilers for air heating Goodman GMS, GDS and GMP have a very low temperature of the combustion products at the outlet - only about 40C, which allows using ... plastic ventilation pipes as a chimney.

ELECTRIC AIR HEATING SYSTEMS

The simplest and unsurpassed in terms of cheapness, the system of electric air heating is a conventional fan heater. Consuming a power of about 2 kilowatts, it quickly heats the air, driving it through a red-hot spiral. Alas, in addition to low energy efficiency, such a scheme worsens the composition of the air in the room, burning oxygen. A variety of heat guns and electric convectors with airflow from a low-temperature heat exchanger are already more interesting. They, being combined with heat recovery systems, can already create a completely comfortable climate in the house. Energy costs will be somewhat less than in the case of using an electric boiler. However, direct heating systems are still too expensive. Fortunately, air source heat pumps for heating have been around for many years, the simplest of which is the conventional window air conditioner. They spend heat not on heating the air, but on pumping heat from a colder street. Alternatively, pumps can take heat from water or soil. The source of low-potential heat can be any. The principle of operation of the pump is common to all implementations.

Let's look at the basic diagrams of how air source heat pumps work. More precisely, heat sources in them.

GROUND-AIR

Soil below freezing level has a constant temperature all year round and increases with depth. It is enough to immerse several deep probes or a horizontal collector into the ground - and you can extract heat all year round to heat the air in the house. Geothermal pumps are the most versatile. Their main problem is the high cost of both the device itself and its installation.

WATER-AIR

If you have high level flowing groundwater - the task is greatly simplified. It is enough, to put it simply, to dig a shallow well and immerse a heat exchanger probe into it. The same scheme can be used if there is a non-freezing natural body of water nearby. The limitation is clear and obvious: water is not available everywhere.

AIR-AIR

Here we see two main categories of devices. Multi-split systems are used to maintain the climate in small houses. The limitation is due to the fact that the length of the line cannot be infinitely large: after all, the compressor must pump freon through the tubes, and the walls of the pipe show noticeable resistance to it. Duct air conditioners are a typical, canonical air heating system. From one indoor unit of the heat pump, air is distributed through channels-air ducts throughout all rooms. In this sector of the market in Russia, first of all, Japanese manufacturers - Daikin and Mitsubishi - offer their products. Somewhat less often you can meet American Lennox and Carrier.

Function outdoor unit- cool the surrounding air and transport thermal energy inside the house. a common problem devices - the dependence of the degree of their effectiveness on the temperature in the street.

It is worth mentioning: the exact calculation of air heating - combined with ventilation or performed by a separate wiring - is carried out by specialists, taking into account a long range of factors: Material and wall thickness; Number and area of ​​windows; The number of people who will be in the room; Quantity and capacity of additional heat sources, etc. The simplified scheme is the same as for other heating systems: 40 watts of thermal power per cubic meter of heated space. For the regions of the Far North, taking into account the extremely low winter temperatures a coefficient of 1.5-2.0 is taken. For houses with a ceiling height of 2.5-2.7 meters, you can start from the area: 1 kW per 10 m2. published

An efficient heating system is an essential part of any home. Many homeowners are familiar with the traditional water system, but not everyone is familiar with the alternative method of heating with air. We will talk about all the nuances of organizing an air heating system and its advantages in the article.

Principle of operation

The basis of the air heating system is the continuous supply and distribution of warm air throughout the premises, and with the role key element the heat generator works. It is he who is responsible for heating the air mass to 45-65 ° C, which then enters the rooms through the air ducts.

The most popular today are heat generators running on gas or electricity. In modern energy efficient homes, geothermal heat generators, solar collectors and other clean energy sources are used along with air heating. Air circulation can be organized in the following ways:

• natural when air moves due to a temperature gradient;
• forced, as a result of the operation of the fans.

It is important to understand that heating a room with air involves a complex process of heat regulation, because direct air heating is also supplemented by ventilation of the premises.

1. Air preparation unit. 2. External air ducts. 3. Internal air duct supply. 4. Internal exhaust air duct. 5. Air distribution grille or diffuser

Benefits of home heating with air

Among the advantages are the following:

1. Reliability of work and zero probability of freezing.
2. Economic benefit. Heating harmoniously combines with air conditioning, humidification or air purification with a single network of air ducts, which will allow its owner to save a lot on installation and materials.
3. Heating the premises with air eliminates additional heat costs for heating radiators and other structural elements, which cannot be said about water heating.
4. Possibility of automating the system.
5. The minimum time to warm up the room to the desired temperature. Subject to parameters working system and the dimensions of the room, the warm-up time reaches 40-60 minutes.
6. No intermediate coolant (water).
7. There is no need to install heating radiators, the air ducts can be easily hidden in the walls and ceiling.
8. Ease and availability of installation, ease of maintenance.
9. Proper organization systems and its operation allow using air heating for a long time.

Despite its efficiency and rationality, the system is not without a number of disadvantages, for example, noise is a frequent guest in a heated house. For uniform heating, active air circulation in the room is required. Required exact calculation and balanced distribution of air ducts to eliminate temperature differences near the floor and under the ceiling, and at the same time not create strong drafts and air currents.

For hidden installation of supply and exhaust ventilation ducts, flat ducts are used rectangular section

Full air conditioning involves humidity control and filtration, which complicates the design of the heating system. An even distribution requires an extensive and balanced network of air ducts, which can only be laid during the construction of a house or major renovation.

Air heating is quite reasonably combined with a ventilation system. The requirements for the functioning and performance of these systems can be found in the Code of Rules SP 60.13330.2012 and SNiP 41-01-2003. When designing and assembling air heating on your own, do not forget about different requirements for ventilation of residential premises, kitchens, bathrooms and utility rooms.

Types of air heating systems

According to the principle of operation, air heating can be direct-flow and recirculation. Each of these methods has its own specific features and recommendations for design and operation.

Straight-through

The operation scheme is quite simple:

1. The heat generator generates heat, which enters the air heat exchanger.
2. The fan pumps air from the street with pre-filtration and passes it through the heat exchanger.
3. Hot air is distributed through ducts throughout the rooms.
4. The hood removes the exhaust air from the room directly to the street.

The volume of air in the supply and exhaust is selected to provide the required air exchange rate and depends on the internal volume of all heated rooms. There should be a little more on the air supply to create increased pressure in the house in order to exclude cold air from leaking from cracks, windows and doors.

This system is extremely simple to implement, but very expensive to operate. The heat generator needs to heat the cold air from the street to a comfortable temperature in direct-flow mode, while the hood actively discharges still warm air after the first passage through the premises. Great for heating small country house or cottages.

1. Air duct. 2. Filter. 3. Duct fan. 4. Electric instantaneous air heater

Recirculation

The air from the room is not discharged to the street. Through the ventilation ducts, it returns to the heat exchanger and heats up again. The air in the room repeatedly passes through the heating system, and its heating requires a minimum of energy needed only to replenish the natural heat loss. This method of heating is characterized by efficiency, but in the very simple form it does not meet the requirements of hygiene, because dust and carbon dioxide constantly accumulate in a closed system.

A recirculating air heating system effectively recycles air from the room without releasing heat to the outside, but at the same time provides access to fresh air from the street.

There are two design options:

1. With natural circulation (gravity system).
2. With forced supply and exhaust ventilation.

In the first case, hot air from the heat generator enters the premises through the ventilation ducts, where it cools down, under the influence of gravity forces it goes down back to the heat exchanger. Simple Implementation and the minimum initial investment is combined with energy independence, but is ineffective for maintaining a comfortable microclimate. The building has a significant difference in air temperature near the floor and under the ceiling.

Scheme of a gravitational air heating system. 1. Heat generator. 2. Air ducts. 3 Ventilation grates on the feed line with adjustable shutters. 4. Ventilation grilles or exhaust diffusers

In combination with a full-fledged supply and exhaust ventilation system, heating with recuperation gives the maximum effect and complete control of the microclimate in the house.

From the room, the air enters the recirculation, where it passes coarse and fine filters. Part of it is dumped into the street, and a portion of fresh air takes its place, mixing with the recovery. This is followed by heating and, if necessary, humidification or dehumidification. The conditioned air is re-circulated into the rooms.

Air heating with recirculation is the most efficient and thoughtful. Energy is spent only on replenishing the heat loss of the house through the building envelope and in the course of air renewal in the optimal amount sufficient to create a comfortable microclimate.

Air preparation and recovery unit. 1. Dampers with servo control. 2. Inlet air filter. 3. Recuperator.4. Pocket channel fine filter. 5. Duct fans. 6. Heat exchanger for heating. 7. Heat exchanger for cooling. 8. Thermal sensor. 9. Humidity sensor

Supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery and preliminary preparation air can act not only as air heating. The heat exchanger, which is part of the preparation complex, can be used for both heating and cooling. So one set of equipment, a set of air ducts, controls and settings will provide year-round control of the microclimate in the house.

The main advantage of air heating with recuperation and forced air circulation is the most complete automation of the process. Fresh air intake can be controlled by a sensor carbon dioxide or to ensure the required air exchange rate, valves and dampers with servo drives are used. One controller controls fans, humidification and dehumidification unit, heat generator operation. The user can set the heating or cooling mode, the system activity according to the schedule or even in fully automatic mode, based on the readings of the humidity temperature and air composition sensors.

Fresh air inlet with duct fan and damper controlled by a servomotor

The specifics of self-assembly

Today, there are many companies that are ready to develop and install air heating at the facility. However, you can build it on your own. The whole process begins with the selection of key equipment - the heat source, heat exchangers and a set of duct components. The gas heat generator will successfully cope with the role of the source. To determine the choice of a particular device, it is necessary to take into account the upcoming consumption of fuel resources, as well as the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house or room.

A gas boiler is effectively used as a heat generator, but a solid fuel boiler of the Buleryan type, harmoniously integrated into the interior of the house, will look much more effective and practical.

It must be said that one cannot do without a scheme and detailed calculations. The slightest mistake made threatens to break the heater, the appearance of drafts and the noise of operating units. It is important to choose the sections of the air ducts so that the air is distributed evenly and without distortions between individual branches and channels. The volume and frequency of air exchange, the ratio of recirculation with inflow and exhaust are calculated.

As air ducts can be used:

• channels of square or round section made of galvanized steel;
• flexible corrugated air ducts;
• PVC pipes.

To minimize heat losses, the air ducts are provided with thermal insulation, which simultaneously reduces the noise level both from the operation of the heating system components and the distribution of sound between rooms.

1. Round galvanized steel air duct. 2. Flexible corrugated air duct with insulation 3. Rectangular air duct. 4. Rigid air duct with insulation. 5. Flexible duct

Set of air ducts and connectors made of PVC

Air ducts with grilles for air distribution or full-fledged air ducts are installed in each room. indoor units, with which you can set an individual heating mode. It is optimal if all the work on the design and installation of the system is carried out at the stage of building a house. Air ducts in this case can be placed in special niches in the walls. But if the house has already been built, then false walls will have to be built for the air ducts, dropped ceilings or other constructions that hide elements.

Price

The final cost of the finished system is individual for each house, because the calculations should take into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe heated room, the model and power of the heating equipment, total length air ducts, their number and throughput, the cost of paying for the installation and commissioning of equipment, if this is done by a third-party organization.

Companies providing services for the organization of air heating, when calculating the cost, take into account the following items of expenditure:

1. Design cost.
2. The cost of purchasing equipment, components and additional devices.
3. The cost of professional installation and configuration.

The average price of turnkey air heating installation in a house up to 100 m² is 3500-4500 rubles per 1 m².