A very interesting question was asked today via the internal mail of the site. He was about the standard of ceiling heights when building a house. The girl asked:

Are there any standards that need to be used when covering a room with a floor slab and if there is, tell us at what height to do this, and why exactly this should be the height of the ceiling!

I never went into, in principle, if any standard of ceiling height. Well, since it's interesting, we'll try to figure it out with you.

I studied, as many know, at the Department of Civil Civil Engineering (industrial civil construction), and I myself studied constantly * and using Canadian technology, before these hostilities, but in our case, the ceiling height was not tied to any standards. Everything depended purely on the convenience of the customer in the room and the chosen *, the height of the building, the layout of the rooms under *, whether it would be residential or not!

It seems to me that the designers themselves did not bother too much with calculating the required height of the room, but simply took a certain standard of 2.5 or 2.7 meters in height, on which the ceiling should be located.

Ceiling height standards and norms changed from time to time due to changes in standards according to *:

SNiP 31-05-2003 - for administrative public buildings assumed a height of 3 meters;

According to SNiP 2.09.04-87 - for residential and administrative, the ceiling height should be 3 meters;

According to GOST 30494-96 - the height of the ceiling in office buildings in premises with an area of ​​5 m2, where the constant presence of people is assumed, the ceiling height should be 3.4 meters;

But according to SNiP 41-01-2003, living quarters with a square of more than 36 m2 should have a ceiling height of 2.2-2.7 meters. The height depends on the estimated number of people per square area and the number of household appliances.

So what norms or standards should the ceiling height be?

The fact is that you cannot immediately say which standard to take as a basis. Everything is much more serious... No one these SNiP, which everyone is trying to adhere to, after the appearance plastic windows and metal doors who are no longer so skipped Fresh air as wooden, did not change.

Came into our life new household appliances: which burn, shine, emit gas, decorative elements heat up and emit harmful toxins and consume oxygen, a all this directly affects the height of the ceiling which you will need to ask !!! Moreover, it will be necessary to calculate the estimated number of people who will live in an apartment or house, on a certain number of square meters. Because it all stinks, emits CO2, and for rapid weathering or dissolution, fresh air is needed to reduce the level of discomfort of those living or being in the room. The amount of which is determined by the height of the ceiling without natural ventilation, through the glazing beads of the windows, the gap in the doors of which is now practically absent. That is why it is advised to install forced draft hoods, and to ventilate the premises more often.

1. The height from floor to ceiling is taken as the standard for our houses made of wood at least 2.7 meters.
2. In panel ladies, the same private 2.5 meters. Otherwise it will not work.

In general, so. Who needs formulas for calculating the height of the ceiling, welcome to the PM. Anyone who has new or maybe some exact information, help to expand the topic, I'm not sure about mine. I get 82.0 m3 / h per person per person, which in the ceiling height per square determines the height of 4 meters. Well, of course it really confuses me.

When building a private house, the owner must be guided not only by his own preferences, but also to comply with applicable standards. This is especially true for the height of the premises. for different purposes... The height of the ceilings is also important in apartments, because it affects the comfort of living and the possibilities in design decoration rooms. In different eras of construction, there were different norms... The indicators also differ depending on the purpose of the room. We will tell you which optimal height ceilings in a private house, apartment, and also describe what determines and what should be the height of the bath from floor to ceiling.

As for the height of the ceilings in the apartment, these norms are regulated by a document called SNiP, in particular its series 31-01-2003. Details about this indicator can be found in paragraph 5.8 of the specified document.

It says here that minimum height room or auxiliary room is determined depending on:

• its type and purpose;
• region of construction.

Important! The norms for the height of the premises exist to ensure optimal natural air circulation in the house and a favorable microclimate.

To find out which climatic region a particular place belongs to, it is enough to refer to SNiP under the number 23-01-99. The entire territory of our country is divided into climatic regions, taking into account the average monthly temperature, air humidity and the direction of the prevailing winds. The territory of the Russian Federation is divided into 4 climatic regions. All of them are additionally divided into 16 districts. Zone IA is considered the coldest.

Depending on the climatic region, the following room heights apply:

1. In the territories belonging to zones IA, IB, IG, ID, as well as VA, the minimum permissible height from floor to ceiling is 2700 mm.
2. In all other zones, the norms of 2500 mm are adhered to.

Accommodation standards

New apartments with high ceilings are not common today. This is due to the fact that on this moment there are norms according to which the optimal distance from the ceiling surface to the clean floor in the apartment is taken equal to 2400-2800 mm. It is prohibited to design apartments with a height of less than 2.4 m. A smaller indicator will not only adversely affect the microclimate in the room, but also will not allow a person to feel comfortable in a low room.

These norms do not apply to construction. individual houses... If desired, the owner of such a building can equip rooms with a height of 3000-3500 mm. But in pursuit of a comfortable space, do not forget that tall rooms take longer to heat up and require significant heating costs.

Today, the following norms for the height of residential premises are in force:

• children's room, bedroom, living room and study - not less than 2500 mm;
• kitchen - also at least 250 cm;
• if mezzanines are installed in the corridor or hallway, then under them the optimal distance from the floor to the ceiling surface is 2100 mm;
• the height of the ceilings in a private house with an attic can be reduced in a room with pitched roof twice (that is, the joint between the wall and the sloped ceiling must be at least 1.4 m-1.6 m above the floor).

The extreme maximum value for this parameter in private buildings is not negotiated. Most often, rooms in houses are made no higher than 3200 mm, and in buildings of the last century - 4000 mm.

Standards for non-residential premises

When designing non-residential premises, they are guided by the following standards for this indicator:

• public buildings and sanatoriums - not less than 3000 mm;
• auxiliary premises and corridors - at least 1900 mm;
• production shops and dry cleaners - at least 3600 mm;
• the height of the technical floors depends on the utilities passing there, but must be at least 1600 mm;
• Preschool educational institutions, schools, medical institutions - at least 3000 mm;
• offices, shopping centers and administrative offices - at least 3 meters.

Standard ceiling heights in houses

Apartment buildings built in a certain era have a different parameter for the height of the premises. Moreover, the difference depends on the purpose of the structure and the time of its construction. Apartments built in different parts of our country are characterized by the same dimensions.

Stalinka

Such apartments belong to the old housing stock and are characterized by impressive dimensions. This era was characterized by the lack of savings in space and materials, because there was no massive housing construction. The distance from the ceiling surface to the floor in such apartments is 3300-3600 mm. The ceiling is often decorated with stucco molding and decorative cornices.

Advice! To adjust the parameters of high "stalinkas" install suspended or stretch ceiling... As for painting, wallpapering or whitewashing, they are inappropriate in such apartments.

Khrushchev

During the reign of Khrushchev, the task was to provide housing for every family. Since the project implementation time and costs were rather limited, small apartments were designed. On average, the distance from floor to ceiling was 2480-2600 mm, but in northern latitudes, apartments with a height of at least 2700 mm were built.

Important! The ceiling surface in Khrushchev is not decorated with suspended structures that steal valuable centimeters. For visual expansion spaces, it is recommended to use light glossy Decoration Materials.

Brezhnevka

The houses built during the Brezhnev era are distinguished by improved dimensions, because after the mass construction of "Khrushchev" small-sized apartments, it is time to think about the comfort of housing. The apartments are characterized by spacious areas, each room has a separate entrance, the kitchen is spacious enough, there are built-in lockers and mezzanines in the corridor. As for the height, in brezhnevka this parameter is equal to 2600-2700 mm.

Block and panel houses

Active cocking of panel and block houses began in the Khrushchev era. The distance from the ceiling to the floor in the first panels built was 2500 mm. At the same time, the layout of small-sized Khrushchev buildings was fully preserved.

In the 80s, they began to build new block and panel apartment buildings with improved layout. Here the height of the rooms is in the range of 2650-2750 mm. The layout of the apartments was radically different from the Khrushchev buildings, and the height of the building exceeded 5 floors.

Outbuildings

There are no exact norms regarding the height of outbuildings. Economic structures may differ in this parameter depending on the region of construction and the purpose of the premises. A shed for storing utensils and tools is made with a height of 1900 mm. If it is necessary to store large items, the distance is increased to 2000-2200 mm.

Ceiling heights for auxiliary premises

Any apartment has auxiliary premises. These are places where a person does not stay constantly, that is, he does not sleep, does not cook or takes food. When designing them, they are also guided by certain standards.

Bathroom

In apartments and private houses, the bathroom is arranged under the same overlap as the living rooms, therefore the height of the room is directly related to the standard height of the rest of the apartment or house. If the area of ​​the bathroom is small, and the distance from floor to ceiling is significant, then the room seems disproportionate and uncomfortable. To correct this deficiency, suspended or suspended ceilings are mounted in the bathroom at the required distance from the floor.

Bath

Want to know exact height the ceiling in the bath, the standard is 2300 mm. Usually, this is the parameter that is observed when constructing a one-story freestanding building. A ceiling height in a bath of less than 2200 mm is unacceptable, because it leads to poor circulation of heated air.

Attention! More precisely, the distance from the floor to the ceiling in the bath is determined taking into account the number of shelves and the total rows.

However, if the bath is made very high, then the room will take a very long time to warm up to the required temperature. Another disadvantage of too high a bath lies in the significant consumption of raw materials or electricity for heating.

How to calculate the ceiling height

For self-determination optimal distance from the ceiling surface to the clean floor in the room, the following rules are followed:

1. For living rooms and other premises of permanent residence of a person, this parameter is selected taking into account the growth of the tallest household. To its growth, a height reserve of 1 m is added. free space taller than human is needed to protect against inhalation of dusty and very dry air that circulates a meter from the ceiling.
2. When determining the height of the rooms, do not forget to take into account the heating costs. A high room heats up longer and requires high costs for heating the coolant.

Interesting fact! With an increase in the height of the floor by 30 cm, the cubic capacity of the house increases by 30 m³. As a result, for the device autonomous heating you will need powerful expensive equipment.

1. In multi-storey private houses, a significant distance from floor to ceiling requires the construction of an overall staircase that takes up a lot useful area... To save space, you can make a steeper staircase, but it's not safe to navigate.
2. When calculating this parameter, take into account the areas of individual rooms. So, a high ceiling in a small room looks disproportionate and causes an unpleasant feeling for the people who are there. Too low a ceiling surface in a spacious room makes it look even lower.

When it is allowed not to comply with the norms

When erecting individual house you may not comply with current regulations regarding the height of premises. However, do not forget that this often leads to undesirable consequences in the form of high costs for materials and heating of the house or an unfavorable microclimate in the house.

When constructing apartment buildings and public facilities, designers and builders are obliged to comply with the current regulations regarding the height of premises.

With the help of light and color, you can visually increase or decrease the space

Ceiling height- actual question, since this value determines not only the possibility of implementing design projects, but also the comfort of the room as a whole. On average, this parameter ranges from 2.4 to 3.2 meters. The minimum ceiling height is determined by SNiP as 2.5 m. Such ceilings are typical for Khrushchevs. In new buildings, their minimum height is 2.6 meters. And in elite houses, it can be more than 3 m.

Standards and practice

Despite the fact that the standard ceiling height of 2.5 meters is practically not found in new houses, this does not mean that after buying an apartment in a new building, a happy newcomer will not receive a room with low, pressing ceilings. If the quality of the building is poor, the ceiling surface will inevitably require additional leveling, which can significantly reduce the space. Therefore, the standard and practical conditions in a number of new buildings - different concepts.

Norms

No one normative document and no standard sets the only correct parameter... In SNiP, only the minimum ceiling height is indicated. Construction is unacceptable below this parameter. SNiP gives the following recommendations:

• In living rooms and kitchens, the lower indicator is 2.5 m.For climatic regions 1A, 1B, 1G, 1D and 4A - 2.7 m.
• In corridors and halls, the ceiling height must be at least 2.1 m, which is determined by the safety requirements for the movement of people.
• Attics and rooms with inclined enclosing structures are allowed to be built with a height lower than the standard. The standard in this case determines the percentage of the room space with low and standard ceilings. Lower ceilings should occupy no more than half of the room.
• The height of the lowest part of the attic ceiling cannot be less than 1.3 meters if the slope is 30 °. With an increase in the slope to 45 °, the distance from the floor to the ceiling SNiP is not standardized.
• For public buildings, SNiP establishes a standard of 3 m.
• Residential premises located in public buildings are equipped in accordance with the recommendations developed for apartments.

Ergonomics

If the minimum distance from floor to ceiling is determined by SNiP, then ergonomics is involved in the development of optimal parameters. The tasks of this science include calculating the parameters of a room that will allow a person to feel as comfortable as possible. It's no secret that in a room with a low ceiling there is a feeling of pressure. A high room of a small area will also be uncomfortable. Here a person feels like in a well.

A comfortable room should meet the following ergonomic requirements:

• Adequate amount of natural light.
• Adequate amount of fresh air.
• Optimal humidity conditions.

Compliance with these requirements largely depends on the size of the room and the height of its ceilings. The optimal ceiling height was first justified by Dürer. Further research was carried out by the German architect Ernst Neufert, who designed the modules with ideal parameters. These and other studies were subsequently taken as the basis for the norms of SNiP.

Ceiling design

Ceiling lighting

The design of the ceilings in the room determines not only the stylistic orientation of its design, but also the atmosphere of coziness and comfort. In the store you can find a lot of finishing materials for ceiling surfaces.

The specific choice of finishing option will largely be determined by such a parameter as the height of the ceilings.

Ceiling tiles

Ceiling tiles work well for rooms with low ceilings. It features a variety of designs, excellent performance characteristics and practically does not hide the space of the room. The advantages of this material include ease of installation.

Such a ceiling finish becomes a great alternative to modern options.

Nevertheless, the decoration with tiles can be distinguished by several "surprises", which are far from always pleasant. The tile is not able to hide significant surface irregularities. In addition, with large differences, its sticker will cause a lot of difficulties, and it is almost impossible to guarantee quality in such conditions. There will always be a chance that the tiles will simply come off.

An uneven ceiling can be pre-leveled, but in this case, the tile loses its main advantage as a finishing material for a room with a low ceiling. The leveling layer will "eat" those very carefully stored centimeters of space.

Suspended structures

Suspended structures - modern way transform the room and make the design of the room unique. They make it possible to do without preliminary preparation base surface. All types of suspended ceiling structures are mounted on profiles, so they reduce the height of the ceiling. Suspended structures can have any configuration and several levels. In the space hidden by them, communications and lighting devices can be hidden.

It is generally accepted that for a room with low ceilings better not to use hanging options... However, this is not entirely true. A single-level design with the minimum possible distance from the base surface to the profile allows you to diversify the design of the room, make it stylish and beautiful.

If the room has a large ceiling height, you can embody absolutely any design idea. Suspended structures allow you to create any shape and configuration, including very complex ones. Such a design move allows you to solve many everyday problems - to increase the noise insulation of the room, to zone it, to hide communications, to “play” with lighting.

Tension structures

Backlit white and black

Tensile structures are ideal for large, spacious rooms. This finishing method is the best in ceiling design today. The canvases are distinguished by a variety of textures and colors. Any pattern can be applied to their surface. Layered design tensile structures does not have any restrictions, except for the designer's imagination. The height of the ceilings in the room is the most important parameter for choosing such structures. For rooms with low ceilings, use them with care. Single-level ceilings, located about 5-10 cm from the base, will be appropriate here.

If the height of the ceilings allows, you can diversify the interior as you like. Three- and four-tier structures with a complex configuration look good in large rooms and living rooms. Arched and hipped roof structures allow not only to hide any unsightly communications, but also give the room an unforgettable atmosphere, a very special flavor.

Color solutions

Perfect ceiling design is not only right choice finishing material, but also a well-chosen color scheme. Modern finishing materials are of great variety color solutions and textures. Same option used in different rooms, can give completely different effects.

Most often the design is applied in light tones - white or pastel shades. Its advantage is the ability to visually expand the space if the ceiling height is low. White ceiling surfaces allow the use of almost any color in the interior. Such a solution is ideal for decorating a room in classic style. The embodiment of a non-standard design idea in the interior may require the design of the shelf surface in other shades.

Cornice lighting

When choosing a color, you should be guided by the following rules:

• The lower the ceiling height, the lighter its surface should be. It is advisable to make the floor as dark as possible, and choose the color of the walls in the range between these colors... This solution will visually expand the space.
• For disproportionately high ceilings, their color should be dark to black. Otherwise, there is a feeling of a deep stone well, which is uncomfortable to be in.
• In dark rooms, warm shades look best, and in light ones, cold ones.

Conclusion

The height of the ceilings is a parameter that affects not only the cost of housing or its maintenance, but also the well-being of the person in the room. It provides coziness, comfort and a pleasant atmosphere. The same parameter will be decisive when choosing design solutions for interior decoration.

When buying and building an apartment or a private house, new owners pay attention to the height of the ceilings. The perception of space in the room and a comfortable stay in it depend on this parameter. When creating an interior, the height of ceilings in an apartment or house above average allows the owner to create a multi-level ceiling suspended structure or hang a luxurious chandelier.

Ceiling height in apartments

Regardless of when it was built multi-storey building, the standard ceiling height in the apartment ranges from 2.5 to 3.2 meters. The minimum distance from the floor to the ceiling, which, according to experts, does not cause a feeling of pressure and discomfort, is 2.5 meters. V residential buildings built according to the Czech standard design, the height is 2.6-2.7 meters and this parameter is optimal.

Currently, the average ceiling height in an apartment in new buildings is not less than 2.5 meters and usually ranges from 2.6 to 2.8 meters, which is quite enough to create a comfortable environment and a feeling of coziness. In newly constructed buildings belonging to the segment of elite housing, this figure reaches 3 meters. When buying real estate, you need to pay attention to the quality of the ceiling, because if there are irregularities on it, they will need to be eliminated, and this will lead to a decrease in the distance between the floor and the ceiling of the room.

The cost of an apartment with high ceilings is more expensive than the same square, but with a lower overlap, and this can be economically justified. For this reason, experts are sure that the optimal height, both from the point of view of price and from the side of comfort, is about 2.7 meters and they recommend focusing on this indicator when purchasing real estate.

High ceilings in an apartment located in a new building, of course, allow you to embody the original design ideas when creating an interior.

Existing norms for ceiling heights

There are no height standards for ceilings in buildings of different purpose. Usually there is a lower limit for this parameter for premises, below which construction is not allowed.

To date, the height of the ceilings SNiPom provides for the following:

Design of apartments with high ceilings

Standard height the ceiling in the apartment does not always allow the owner to arrange it in accordance with their own preferences. When the house has high ceilings, this is always considered an advantage, since in such rooms there is more light and air, and there is no feeling that you are in a confined space.

Premises with high ceilings - the design can be different, since they are both small in area and large.

The design of an apartment with high ceilings, at least 3.7 meters, allows you to embody the wildest fantasies when creating an interior. For example, under the base floor, you can place an additional attic floor and place there sleeping place... On the second tier, they put a bed or equip a library.

To avoid the feeling of emptiness, the design of apartments with high ceilings allows you to make, if not a full-fledged floor, but cozy area for relaxation, the entrance to which is created in the form of a staircase with small steps.

Apartment interior with high ceilings and large area assumes to select a massive large furniture... The main thing is not to visually overload the situation in the premises, because otherwise the feeling of large space and light will disappear without a trace, spoiling it.

As a rule, the design of a room with a high ceiling is performed in the loft style, which emphasizes this advantage and involves the organization of hidden storage places, effectively organizing the surrounding space. Some owners of such apartments choose the Art Nouveau style.

In rooms with high ceilings, there is enough space where you can dream up, as evidenced by the photo on the site. For example, it is possible to make beautiful curly shape arches or lay out the original openings in the doors. Various decorative elements... If desired, you can create tension or suspended ceiling multi-tiered structures, without taking away a significant height of the room. There will be no problem with how to set the level of the ceiling in a room with high ceilings, a few centimeters will not affect the overall perception of the space. Read also: "

Entering the room and paying attention to the interior, few people think that the existing ceiling height in the apartment is standard. Meanwhile, the space around us largely depends on the height of the ceiling. How comfortable and airy it is, or vice versa - it acts depressingly.

When purchasing an apartment in new buildings or old housing stock, many, when examining the premises, pay attention to the height of the ceilings. During construction own home the parameters of the height of the ceiling slabs are included in the project.

Based on the definition - the height of the ceiling in the house - you can create a design project for an apartment, decorate floors, think over lighting, the type of lamps or chandeliers, which undoubtedly affects the entire atmosphere of the room.

There are no maximum parameters for the distance from the floor to the ceiling, there is only an estimated minimum ceiling height.

For buildings of various purposes, they are their own. For example, in sanatorium-type buildings, the standard ceiling height cannot be lower than 3 m. This applies to living rooms and public spaces... Sports and recreation complexes are being built with average height ceilings 3.3 m.

Building codes and regulations (SNiPs) oblige to build premises where the minimum ceiling height is observed. For residential buildings, the ceiling height in an apartment should not be less than 2.5 m. It is worth noting that such ceilings are not common. When buying a home, newcomers try to level the ceilings, make good floor coverings, so each such procedure reduces the standard.

V different time, during construction, there were unspoken norms for the height of ceilings in apartments:

• the famous "Stalinists" to this day have not lost in value due to their high apartments 3-3.5 m, large windows and spacious rooms, despite the fact that communications in such houses are morally and physically outdated;
• post-war devastation and crampedness forced the government to quickly build "Khrushchevs". Rooms and hallways in houses of this layout are small, toilets and bathrooms are combined. Despite the fact that the ceiling height in the apartment was standard, reaching 2.5 m, the whole space seemed low and uncomfortable. The effect of a closed space was created, where the ceiling ceilings "press";
• "Brezhnev" houses and panel high-rise buildings differ in floor heights of 2.5-2.7 m. Apartments of this generation were considered "improved planning" in comparison with houses of earlier construction;
• new buildings can be considered the best option housing construction. Premises are being built here without partitions, and the new owners plan a living room, bedroom or nursery based on their preferences, especially since in such apartments the optimal ceiling height is 2.7 m, so you can diversify the floors in each room.

General measurements of a standard house

Design solutions and ergonomics

From the point of view of ergonomics, the parameters of the room should be such that a person would feel comfortable in an apartment, gym, cinema.

There are several basic postulates of room comfort:

1. optimal microclimate (comfortable temperature and humidity);
2. the required supply of fresh air;
3. sufficient natural or artificial lighting.

The standard ceiling height in an apartment will allow you to perform almost any floor structure, except, perhaps, heavy multi-tiered suspension devices... When making such design solutions, the height from floor to ceiling should be maximum.

In other cases, you can use any materials:

1. ceiling tiles;
2. tension structures;
3. uncomplicated false ceilings.

Ceiling tiles are suitable for finishing rooms with any wall height. Practically does not conceal or diminish spatial scales... Easy to install and maintain. Anyone can handle gluing during repairs. House master... The only drawback is that it will not be able to align the floor slabs, moreover, when glued on uneven surface can move away and nullify all work in the future.

When leveling the ceiling with plasterboard plates, all the savings in height will not matter, since the frame of the structure will "eat" the required centimeters.

Tension canvases are the most acceptable option finishing of ceilings. They do not require special surface preparation. The width of the profiles on which the canvas is attached is not too large.
But, it is worth noting that multi-level structures in rooms with low ceilings should not be used. In such rooms, a single-level glossy or matte canvas with spotlights.

Stretch canvases with a 3D effect and original lighting are possible, which can be selected taking into account the fact that the ceiling will visually look higher.

Suspended ceilings can bring to life the most daring design solutions... The installation of structures is carried out without preparing the base, especially since it is possible to hide light fittings and other communications under such a ceiling.

At high altitude ceiling slabs, you can create a multi-level, stylish and elegant shape. In a room with low ceilings, it is better to stay on a single-level version with original built-in lamps or a chandelier that allows you to illuminate the ceiling surface from below.

Color and light solution

With a low level of overlap, the problem is solved by color matching. For example, a mirrored ceiling or glossy canvases will visually increase the height of the room. The structure can be lifted by painting the surface in cold light colors (light green or bluish shades). Tension cloth contrasting colors will allow you to zone the room, correctly selected shades will visually raise the ceiling.

Correctly selected furniture will allow you to raise the level of ceilings. Dark lower cabinets and upper shelves made in light colors will increase the vertical of the room.
A ceiling framed around the perimeter with an LED strip will appear higher.

Illumination with spotlights, mounted correctly in the surface of the coating, will increase the spatial perception.

When choosing a new place of residence, you need to pay attention to the height of the ceiling, but it is worth noting that you can visually change the spatial perception, knowing little secrets on the design of the premises.