Examples of cost calculations given by REC employees hot water and heat energy, although they are largely conditional, nevertheless show that the presence of a metering device allows you to pay according to actual consumption. Calculation according to standards is almost always an overpayment.

It should be noted that hot water supply can be centralized and non-centralized.

Non-centralized water supply is the preparation of hot water in indoor autonomous systems engineering support. For example, when a boiler is installed in a private house or instantaneous water heater.

Only centralized hot water supply is subject to regulation (tariff setting). In this regard, a distinction is made between open and closed hot water supply circuits.

Open circuit

With an open (centralized) heat supply scheme, hot water is taken for the needs of hot water supply directly from the heating network.

In accordance with current legislation, a two-component tariff is set for hot water in an open system, which consists of a component for the heating medium and a component for thermal energy.

The component for thermal energy is set by the regulator in the form of a one-rate or two-rate component equal to the one-rate or two-rate heat energy tariff, respectively.

The component for the heat carrier (and for utilities it is, as a rule, water that has undergone additional preparation at the boiler house) is installed as a one-part component and is taken equal to the tariff for the heat carrier.

An example of calculating the payment for hot water in the presence of an in-house metering device

Calculation data:

consumption volume 5 cubic meters.

The payment for hot water supply provided in the indicated apartment will be: 5.0 * 89.38 = 446.90 rubles.

Calculation of the amount of payment for hot water supply in an open heating system provided in a residential building in the absence of an in-house metering device(if it is technically possible to establish it) is determined based on the consumption rate, the number of people living in the dwelling (registered) and the hot water tariff.

An example of calculating a payment for hot water in the absence of an in-house metering device

The apartment building is located in the city of Omsk, the supplier of heat energy is JSC Omsk RTS through the networks of the small sector of the city of Omsk, Thermal Company.

Calculation data:

consumption standard in the amount specified in Appendix No. 1 of the order of the REC of the Omsk Region dated 09/11/2014 No. 118/46 for 5-storey buildings, 3.4 cubic meters. m / sq. m (in the absence of technical feasibility of installation individual registration hot water).

two-component tariff for hot water, approved by order of the REC of the Omsk region dated December 19, 2016 No. 597/71, from January 1, 2017 in next size:

Conversion to one-component according to the following formula:

17.82 + 1422.60 * 0.0503 = 89.38 rubles / cubic meter m;

where 0.0503 Gcal / cu. m is the standard amount of thermal energy for the preparation of one cubic meter of hot water.

Number of residents - 3 people.

The payment for hot water supply provided in the apartment will be: 3.4 * 89.38 * 3 = 911.68 rubles.

Important ! If the apartment does not have a metering device if it is technically possible to install it, a multiplying coefficient is applied in the calculation, which from January 1, 2017 is 1.5.

The payment in the above apartment, taking into account the increasing coefficient, will be 3.4 * 1.5 * 89.38 * 3 = 1,367.51 rubles.

Currently, in accordance with federal legislation, a phased transition from an open hot water supply system to a closed one is taking place.

Closed circuit

With a closed (centralized) hot water supply system, hot water from the heating network is used exclusively for heating, and hot water supply is provided through a separate circuit or drinking water in central heating points (TSC).

In accordance with the current legislation, tariffs for hot water in a closed hot water supply system are set in the form of two-component tariffs, consisting of a component for cold water and a component for thermal energy.

The cold water component is equal to the set cold water tariff, the heat component is equal to the set heat tariff.

The amount of payment for utility services for hot water supply is determined in accordance with the Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings approved by the Government Russian Federation dated May 6, 2011 No. 354, according to the formula No. 24.

An example of calculating the payment for hot water in a closed hot water supply system in the presence of an in-house metering device

Calculation data:

the volume of consumption in the apartment is 5 cubic meters.

The payment for the hot water supply service in the first half of 2017 in the indicated apartment will be:

14.63 * 5 + (5 * 0.0503) * 1422.60 = 430.93 rubles.

An example of calculating payment for hot water in a closed hot water supply system in the absence of an in-house metering device

The apartment building is located in the city of Omsk, the supplier of hot water is the MP of the city of Omsk "Thermal Company" from the heat sources of JSC "Omsk RTS".

Calculation data:

consumption standard in accordance with Appendix No. 1 of the order of the REC of the Omsk Region dated 09/11/2014 No. 118/46 for 5-storey buildings - 3.4 cubic meters. m / person

two-component tariff for hot water, approved by order of the REC of the Omsk region dated 20.12.2016 No. 623/72, from January 1, 2017 in the following amount:

The payment for the hot water supply service for 1 person in the first half of 2017 in the specified apartment will be:

14.63 * 3.4 + (3.4 * 0.0503) * 1422.60 = 293.03 rubles.

If the apartment does not have a metering device if it is technically possible to install it, a multiplying coefficient is applied in the calculation, which from January 1, 2017 is 1.5.

The payment for the hot water supply service from 1 person living in the above apartment, taking into account the increasing coefficient, will be 1.5 * 293.03 = 439.55 rubles.

Infographics provided by REC of the Omsk region

Having received a receipt for the payment of the "communal", many Russians look at it in bewilderment, trying to understand what is encrypted in mysterious abbreviations, and for what services you need to lay out rather large sums.

Unfortunately, until now, utilities have not bothered to bring to a single sample the receipts issued in different regions Russia. The content of these payment documents lies entirely within the imagination and administrative delight of local authorities.

Do utilities have the right to come up with the names of their services?

The list of services that need to be paid for residents of apartment buildings is clearly defined by article 154 of the main industry document - the Housing Code. Homeowners and tenants are required to pay for maintenance and repairs. In addition, their responsibility includes payment for services:

- cold water supply (HVS), i.e. filing cold water through the water supply to the tenant's apartment;

- hot water supply (DHW), which consists of payment for the supply and heating of water;

- drainage, i.e. ensuring the operation of a sewer collector that removes waste water;

- gas supply;

It is unacceptable to change the names of these services, although some regional housing and communal services arbitrarily enter into their payment receipts such lines as "hot water heating", "hot water replenishment" or " hot water disposal and HVS ". It is not at all necessary for the consumer to know how much water heating costs; the final amount that is presented for payment is important to him.


Of course, in the event that the tenant of the house wants to know about each utility service, the housing and communal services are obliged to provide him with all the information about the costs of this or that utility tariff.

What abbreviations can be found on receipts?

Since utilities are in no hurry to bring payments to a single standard, payers will not hurt to navigate the abbreviations that can be used to encrypt certain components of utility bills.

— KhVS DPU- this is cold water supply (payment for cold water supply) using a home metering device, i.e. according to the readings of the general house meter (if there is one in your house). In the case when the meter is installed in your apartment, the receipt may indicate KhVS KPU(apartment metering device).

— DHW DPU- accordingly, hot water supply, counted according to the home metering device.

— Vodootv.- sewerage services, which is called wastewater disposal in bills.

— Cold water supply for hot water supply- this is how the intricate concept of cold water supply for hot water supply is denoted. As conceived by the public service workers, you must pay separately for the supply of cold water for heating, and on another line - the cost of heating this cold water. The cost of hot water supply consists of the sum of these lines

— Heating. main pl.- this is usually the heating of the main area of ​​your apartment, i.e. the minimum that is required for the residents registered in the apartment.

— Heating outl. pl.- this is the cost of heating the surplus area of ​​your apartment. It usually costs more than heating your minimum square footage.

— Opl. lived. Is the payment for housing.

— Contents and rem.- means payment for the maintenance and repair of your apartment. This includes the maintenance of engineering networks inside your home, their current repairs, repairs technical devices and structures of a residential building, as well as many other costs.

— Lived. outl. pl.- payment for housing surplus area.

Now it will be easier for you to understand the contents of the utility bill. A separate topic is the formation of tariffs for which payment is calculated.


The most impressive fraudulent payment frauds take place here. As a rule, only a specialist with experience in utility networks can assess how justified each figure of the utility tariff is.

Hello! please help me figure it out. Our HOA changed the Criminal Code. The new Criminal Code charges us a fee for hot water, referring to the methodology from Resolution No. 354 .. The fee for hot water in our receipts is divided into two parts individual consumption and ONE and consists of 2 lines: HOV and heating. There are no problems with the first line in individual consumption .. there is the volume (according to the meter in the apartment) and the tariff ... but heating (i.e. the number of Kcal for heating) they calculate based on the total house water consumption (according to the house meter) and calculate the proportion of my calories based on the volume of HOV in my counter. Calories turns out to be 0.74 (for my 6 cubes) and the fee per line for individual consumption in new receipts has doubled. The previous company calculated it easier, they just took my HOV consumption by the meter and multiplied by the approved standard for heating 1 cube of water 0.0615. and the difference between the general consumption of the house and the amount according to the meters of the tenant was scattered in the part of the ODN in proportion to the area. In the new receipts, the basement with ONE is reset to zero ... that is, as I understand it, new company we all together consider not dividing common house needs and intra-apartment needs .. or am I mistaken?
I revised Resolution 354 .. and did not find there a formula by which hot water supply should be calculated in apartment buildings with centralized water supply (open circuit) .. help me figure it out .. are the actions of the new Criminal Code legal? Thanks!

Hello Natalia!

To begin with, as our President Vladimir Putin likes to say, "let's separate flies from cutlets: flies separately, cutlets separately!"
In our case, "cutlets" we will have a hot water supply (DHW) scheme for your house, and "flies" - what and how the new Criminal Code considers. We will deal with "flies" in the second stage.
To begin with, we will deal with the "cutlets":

Please specify:
At the beginning of the letter you write: "... The payment for hot water supply in our receipts ... consists of 2 lines: HOV and heating ...".
As far as I know and understand the heat and power engineering of housing and communal services, such a division of the payment for hot water supply is applied with a CLOSED heat supply system - in which two pipelines (direct and reverse) heat supply (heating) go from your quarter boiler house (or from a CHP), and the water for hot water supply is heated partly heating water in water heaters (boilers) located in each house (or group of houses).
Is there a DHW boiler in your home?
With regard to payment for DHW with a CLOSED heating system: regulatory and technical documents allow two methods of calculating and paying for DHW, depending on which method is more suitable for the specific conditions of the city, from the settlement system adopted in the city between house management companies, Teploenergo and Vodokanal, or which is more "liked" by the authorities and accountants.

First:
the payment is taken under the item "hot water supply", which includes the amount of payment for heat received from the boiler house and spent in the boiler for heating the water plus the payment for cold water supplied by Vodokanal and then heated in the boiler and consumed by residents. Then this payment from all residents, received by the house management company, is divided by the accounting department between Teploenergo and Vodokanal according to the rules they know.

Second:
the fee is taken under two articles:
- "hot water supply" is a payment for heat received from the boiler room and spent in the boiler for heating water. As a rule, this money goes directly to Teploenergo without "shrinkage and shrinkage" in the management company;
- “cold water for hot water supply” - payment for water supplied by Vodokanal and then heated in a boiler and consumed by residents. As a rule, this money goes directly to Vodokanal without any "shrinkage" in the management company.

If there is a payment for "cold water for hot water supply", then the payment for "hot water supply" should decrease by the same amount.

However, at the end of the letter you write: "... I did not find in Resolution No. 354 ... the formula according to which hot water supply in MKD houses with centralized hot water supply should be calculated (open scheme)"
OPEN DHW system Is a system when water for purposes DHW heating It is stored in the boiler room (CHP), goes through a separate pipeline and then is distributed to the MKD water taps. In this case, the payment for hot water supply is determined in accordance with clauses 1 (for an apartment equipped with an individual meter) and 10, 13 (for an ONE in a house with a common meter) of Appendix 2 “Calculation of the amount of payment for utilities"Resolution No. 354.
What kind of DHW system in your house - CLOSED or OPEN?

Natalia! Let's move on to the flies.

Unfortunately, according to the figures and reasoning provided by you, without having before your eyes (in your hands) the texts of your letter to the Criminal Code demanding to provide you with written explanations on the problem with calculating the payment for hot water supply and the corresponding answers of the Criminal Code, it is very difficult to give you an intelligible answer.
If you did not write such a letter, demand that the Criminal Code provide you with explanations on the basis of which documents the calculations were made, indicating their names, articles and paragraphs, including calculations in the form of the corresponding paragraphs 1, 10, 13 (or others, according to who made the calculations?) Appendix 2 "Calculation of the amount of payment for utilities" of Resolution No. 354.

In your letter, refer to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the "Standard of information disclosure by organizations operating in the management of apartment buildings" (approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 23, 2010 No. 731), as well as to paragraph 31 of the "Rules for the provision of utilities services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings "(approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011):
“… 31. The contractor is obliged:
... e) to carry out DIRECTLY WHEN THE CONSUMER REQUESTS the correctness of calculation of the amount of utility bills presented to the consumer for payment, debt or overpayment of the consumer for utility bills, ... and immediately, based on the results of the inspection, issue the consumer documents containing correctly calculated payments. The documents issued to the consumer at his request must be certified by the signature of the head and the seal of the executor "

The course of our further considerations and actions will depend on your answers.
Good luck with your DHW payment!

answer from Kalnin Yuri

Uv. Yuri, hello! Thanks for your reply. There are no boilers in our house. We have in the whole Avtozavodsky district open system hot water supply. And in many companies, hot water supply is divided into two lines: HOV and heating. (my mother lives in the next quarter of the 9th floor, they have DHW in one line in the MKD .. tariff 109, / 83 r \ m3) I found a website with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 8, 2012 No. 1149, which introduces tariffs for open and closed water supply systems.http: //kongilfond.ru/? ELEMENT_ID = 1391 .. and explains that with an open system, the tariff consists of two articles HOV (heat carrier) and heating (heat energy) .. In addition, on the website of our heat and power company "Tavis" they posted tariffs for the 13th year http://www.tevis.ru/index.php/2010-10-20-13-56-47/2011-04-19-12 -44-47 / -2013 they link to the order of the Ministry of the Samara region No. 418 http://www.minenergo.samregion.ru/norm_base/prikaz_regulirovanae2013/prikaz_regulirovanae2012/5995/ paragraph 43 there says about setting a tariff for Togliatti (open system) and there is an application with tariffs for heat carrier and heat energy ... so you don't seem to dig in here ... I am more outraged in our receipts by the method of calculating the heating line (number of Kcal) in the individual part. Yesterday I was with the chairman of the HOA. She explained to me that she herself had abandoned the standard for heating 1 cubic meter of water., And agreed with the Criminal Code to count on the fact of consumption. that is, in our February receipt water consumption of HOV according to the total meter 1081 m3 ... total kcal 127 according to the individual meter in our apartment HOV - 6.3 m3 standard for chemical water treatment - 27.27r / m3 Calculation of Kcal (individual) is as follows: 127/1081 x 6.3 = 0.74 cal respectively 0.74 x 1058.46 = 783.4 .. plus 6.3 x 27.27 = 171.8 TOTAL for 6.3 m3 payment of mountains. water 955 p. cube of water 151 rubles. I must say that we are renting this apartment. Nobody is registered in it. Therefore, as the chairman of the HOA explained to me .. in ODN, if under the article, the overrun is proportional to the area spread .. and if the savings are proportional to the registered people ... that is, we have zeros. I told her about the 354 resolution, so that it is necessary to separately calculate the individual's consumption and ONE ... I asked to explain where such a calculation method was found .. She answered me that our house does not fit any methodology because we have common house meters for HOV and for heat energy ... :-) Today I want to ask her for a copy of the contract with this Criminal Code and I will write a letter to the Criminal Code (as you recommended to me). I have a question: can they refuse me due to the fact that I am not the owner of this apartment and is not registered there. Thank you. Best regards, Natalia. answer from Natalia Hello Natalia! I understood this: Avtozavodskaya district - is this a region of Togliatti ?, since from the years you mentioned. Samara and Togliatti The Avtozavodskaya district is only in Togliatti. Then we are fellow countrymen - in my youth I lived for about 15 years (in the 60s - 70s of the last century) in Togliatti and worked at the Togliatti TPP. My wife still visits her sister and numerous relatives in Togliatti twice a year - just tomorrow she is going by bus to your city. From pleasant memories about youth, let's move on to business. To your last question: "... can they refuse me because I am not the owner of this apartment and is not registered there?" I will answer this way: if “they” do not want to get involved with the “annoying truth-seeker”, then they may well “kick” you on a legal basis. But you do this - write letters on behalf of the owner of the apartment - of course, warning him about it. While delving into your numbers. Something I can not "cut" into the "methodology" of the chairman of the board of your HOA. She's somehow cunning. It would be nice to have before your eyes payment document(invoice-receipt). Request - to apply in letters only generally accepted formulations and abbreviations of technical values ​​used in laws and NTD on housing and communal services. For example, CWA in power engineering is “chemically demineralized water”. What do you mean? Cold water? If we are forced to use our own abbreviations to shorten the text, it is advisable to do the corresponding transcript (do not be offended by the old grumbling for "moralizing"!) I will also get acquainted with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 8, 2012 No. 1149 mentioned by you, the tariffs of the Tavis heat and power company, the order of the Ministry of the Samara Region No. 418 and other documents of the housing and communal services of Togliatti. I know of such a document: “ Guidelines(MR) for the calculation and collection of payments from the population for housing and communal services "Gosstroy, LLC" Scientific and Consulting Center for Housing and Communal Services "(" NCC Housing and Communal Services ") Moscow 2003, and in it paragraph 3.3" Heating and hot water supply ". The content of the above MRs, as well as your answer, confirms my opinion that the procedure for calculating standards and tariffs in the regions, including (possibly) in the Samara region, is determined by professional competence, intelligence (or stupidity), decency (or meanness ), the honesty (or greed) of the developers and approvers of these standards and tariffs, and often the degree of corruption and “financial ecstasy merger” of the authorities, resource-supplying organizations and management companies. We hear and see a lot about this in the media. Natalia! Do you think it expedient and convenient to continue the exchange of information and advice on hot water supply (and on other issues of housing and communal services) by email. addresses? If you ask kindly the administration of this site (E-mail [email protected]) send me your email address, I will answer you and you will have my address - it will be more convenient than asking and answering about housing and communal services. It will be possible to transfer files - for example, with receipts for housing and communal services (to assess the correctness of charges), letters to housing and communal services and responses to them, texts of documents on housing and communal services, etc. I have a decent archive in the form of files - it is more convenient to send them, there is no need to "fill" the text in the response on the site. If you need something - I will send it in the form of files - you are tortured to open, save and read (or delete as unnecessary). And once again I repeat my opinion - if you want to succeed, everyone business conversation with housing and communal services and the authorities, lead to writing(or by email). Good luck to you! answer from Kalnin Yuri

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Often one of the problems faced by consumers both in private buildings and in apartment buildings is that the consumption of heat energy obtained in the process of heating a home is very large. In order to save yourself from the need to overpay for excessive heat and to save finances, you should determine how exactly the calculation of the amount of heat for heating should take place. Conventional calculations will help to solve this, with the help of which it will become clear how much heat entering the radiators should have. This is what will be discussed further.

General principles for performing gcal calculations

The calculation of kW for heating implies the performance of special calculations, the order of which is regulated by special regulations. Responsibility for them lies with the utilities, which are able to help with this work and give an answer on how to calculate Gcal for heating and decoding Gcal.

Undoubtedly, similar problem will be completely excluded if there is a hot water meter in the living room, since it is in this device that there are already pre-set readings that reflect the received heat. Multiplying these results by the established tariff, it is fashionable to obtain the final parameter of the consumed heat.

Calculation procedure when calculating the consumed heat

In the absence of such a device as a hot water meter, the formula for calculating heat for heating should be as follows: Q = V * (T1 - T2) / 1000. in this case display values ​​such as:

• Q in this case is the total amount of heat energy;
• V is an indicator of hot water consumption, which is measured either in tons or in cubic meters;
• T1 is the temperature parameter of hot water (measured in the usual degrees of Celsius). In this case, it will be more appropriate to take into account the temperature that is characteristic of a certain operating pressure. This indicator has a special name - enthalpy. But in the absence of the required sensor, one can take as a basis the temperature that will be as close as possible to the enthalpy. Typically, its average ranges from 60 to 65 ° C;
• T2 in this formula is the temperature index of cold water, which is also measured in degrees Celsius. Due to the fact that getting to the pipeline from cold water very problematic, such values ​​are determined by constant values ​​that differ depending on the weather conditions outside the dwelling. For example, in winter time year, that is, in the midst of the heating season, this value is 5 ° C, and in summer, when the heating circuit is turned off - 15 ° C;
• 1000 is a common factor that can be used to get the result in gigacalories, which is more accurate than normal calories. See also: "How to calculate heat for heating - methods, formulas."

Calculation of Gcal for heating in a closed system, which is more convenient for operation, should take place in a slightly different way. The formula for calculating the heating of a room with closed system is as follows: Q = ((V1 * (T1 - T)) - (V2 * (T2 - T))) / 1000.

In this case:

• Q is the same amount of thermal energy;
• V1 is the parameter of the coolant flow rate in the supply pipe (both ordinary water and water vapor can act as a heat source);
• V2 is the volume of water flow in the outlet pipeline;
• T1 - temperature value in the coolant supply pipe;
• T2 is the outlet temperature indicator;
• T is the temperature parameter of cold water.

We can say that the calculation of heat energy for heating in this case depends on two values: the first of them displays the heat supplied to the system, measured in calories, and the second - the thermal parameter when the coolant is removed through the return pipeline.

Other methods of calculating the amount of heat

It is possible to calculate the amount of heat entering the heating system in other ways.

The calculation formula for heating in this case may differ slightly from the above and have two options:

1. Q = ((V1 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T2 - T)) / 1000.
2. Q = ((V2 * (T1 - T2)) + (V1 - V2) * (T1 - T)) / 1000.

All variable values ​​in these formulas are the same as before.

Based on this, it is safe to say that the calculation of kilowatts of heating can be done with your own on their own... However, do not forget about consulting with special organizations responsible for supplying heat to dwellings, since their principles and settlement system can be completely different and consist of a completely different set of measures.

Having decided to design a so-called "warm floor" system in a private house, you need to be prepared for the fact that the procedure for calculating the amount of heat will be much more complicated, since in this case you should take into account not only the features of the heating circuit, but also provide parameters electrical network, from which the floor will be heated. At the same time, the organizations responsible for monitoring such installation work will be completely different.

Many owners often face the problem of converting the required number of kilocalories into kilowatts, which is due to the use of many auxiliary aids. measuring units v the international system called "C". Here you need to remember that the coefficient converting kilocalories to kilowatts will be 850, that is, speaking more simple language, 1 kW is 850 kcal. This calculation procedure is much simpler, since it will not be difficult to calculate the required amount of giga calories - the prefix "giga" means "million", therefore, 1 giga calorie is 1 million calories.

In order to avoid errors in calculations, it is important to remember that absolutely all modern ones have some error, while often within acceptable limits. The calculation of such an error can also be performed independently using the following formula: R = (V1 - V2) / (V1 + V2) * 100, where R is the error, V1 and V2 are the parameters of the water flow rate in the system already mentioned above, and 100 is coefficient responsible for converting the resulting value into percent.

In accordance with operational standards, the maximum permissible error can be 2%, but usually this figure in modern devices does not exceed 1%.

The total of all calculations

Correctly performed calculation of thermal energy consumption is a guarantee economical consumption financial resources spent on heating. Using an example of an average, it can be noted that when heating a residential building with an area of ​​200 m² in accordance with the above calculation formulas, the amount of heat will be approximately 3 Gcal per month. Thus, taking into account the fact that the standard heating season lasts six months, then in six months the volume of consumption will be 18 Gcal.

Of course, all measures for calculating heat are much more convenient and easier to perform in private buildings than in apartment buildings with a centralized heating system, where simple equipment cannot be done. See also: "How is the calculation of heating in an apartment building - rules and formulas for the calculation."

Thus, we can say that all calculations to determine the consumption of heat energy in a particular room may well be performed on their own (read also: ""). It is only important that the data be calculated as accurately as possible, that is, according to specially designed mathematical formulas, and all procedures were agreed with special bodies that control the conduct of such events. Help in calculations can also be provided by professional masters who regularly do such work and have various video materials available that describe in detail the entire process of calculations, as well as photos of samples heating systems and diagrams for their connection.