Many residents living in their own homes use wells and wells to provide water. Nowadays, most people no longer go outside with a bucket or flask for water, but bring water into the house by installing a pump that maintains the necessary pressure. All the possibilities have appeared, there are plastic pipes and all other accessories on sale. Anyone can, if desired, independently conduct water into the house. But sometimes difficulties may arise. For example, suddenly in the middle of winter there will be problems with a well or a deep pump. And now I also have problems - the water has disappeared and before the onset of heat there is no opportunity to restore the well or drill another one. There was only one opportunity left to provide the house with water - to take buckets and go to the pump, then put a washbasin, since now you can’t use either the faucet in the kitchen or the shower cabin. This prospect didn't make me happy. Thinking about it, I decided to build just such a system. Of course, you will have to go to the pump for water, but I fill it directly into the system from the street without entering the house. Now the house is provided with water and all former conveniences are kept. I drew the diagram roughly, without respecting the proportions, but the meaning is clear.

The turretless pump is in my underground, where I also installed a water tank of about 100 liters.

I made another lid for the tank out of wood and drilled holes in it for the pipes. Pipes bought in a hardware store.

The filling neck was made from a five-liter bottle. The pipe runs underground through an outlet.

It took about three hours to assemble the structure. There was one problem - how to find out the level of water in the tank.

At first I made a simple system with a float, the thread from the float was thrown through a block taken from an old reel-to-reel tape recorder, a load was attached to the end of the thread. Then he improved the pointer by collecting a simple

On your own piece of land, first of all, you need to take care of providing it with water for irrigation, drinking and other needs. To do this, it is enough that a well is built, and from it it will always be possible to extract the required amount of necessary moisture at any time of the year. But to lift the liquid, as you know, you need a pump that runs on electricity. But what if the site is far from civilization, and there is no electricity on it? In this case, you can do without a pump, using other methods. These methods will now be discussed.

Well types

Drilling wells can be of two types: sand and artesian. The first type has another name - a filter well. It is drilled to the nearest aquifer in sandy soil. The depth can reach 30 meters, and the width of the casing can be about 13 cm. The peculiarity of the structure of such a source is that a strainer is made on the walls of the pipe. To extract water from it, a deep or surface unit is required. It can last up to 15 years. But the service life primarily depends on the depth of the aquifer and on how intensively it is used.

The second type is an artesian well. The water in it is extracted from a great depth, it can reach a 200-meter mark. It has increased productivity and high quality water. It serves much longer than the first type - more than 50 years. Accordingly, a more powerful apparatus should be used to raise moisture to the surface. To drill such a hole, a permit from the local government is required.

Is it possible to get water from these wells without using an electric pump? Yes, it is quite possible, and from mines of both types. But it is important to take into account several nuances. Much depends on the hand-held devices that will be used in this case. Usually they do not give enough pressure at a depth of more than 30 meters. Therefore, such a system is relevant mainly for a sandy well. But first, let's figure out how it is possible to raise liquid from such a structure without a pump, and what is needed for this.

Extraction of water by air pressure

This unusual method is perfect for extracting water from a mine without a pump. That is, you can use any manual hose pump that works without electricity. Making such a system is quite simple. First you need to completely seal the top of the well. 2 holes are made in it: a hose from the pump is inserted into one, a pipe for water supply is inserted into the second. When working with such a device, pressure is created in the mine, which pushes the liquid out.

If the air pressure entering the mine is powerful, then it is quite possible to do without an electric pump. But it should be taken into account that such pressure will push water not only up, but also down into the aquifer. What this is fraught with will be described below. This method can be used in conjunction with standard approaches. It is especially relevant if the pressure in the pit is not strong enough, even for an electric pump.

Extraction of water by hydraulic ramming

This is another non-standard way of extracting water without a pump: in this case, a hydraulic ram is used - a device designed to mechanically lift fluid from any well, even an artesian one.

Such a device works on energy obtained from the flow of water. By raising the water to a great height and lowering it down, the liquid is pushed up. This design consists of the following components:

baffle valve;

return valve;

supply pipe;

outlet pipe;

air cap.

By opening and closing the valves in a certain sequence, the fluid circulates. It accelerates along the supply pipe and a water hammer is created, displacing the liquid out into the outlet pipe. Such a device is difficult to make on your own, but it is easy to purchase. And this will be the most correct solution for areas where there is no electricity.

Important Points

When extracting water by increasing the pressure inside the mine, several important factors must be taken into account. First, the geological structure of the area where the well is located is taken into account.

Also important is the debit of the mine for the extraction of liquid from the earth and the productivity of the aquifer.

And, of course, the depth of the aquifer is taken into account.

If all this is not taken into account, then due to excess pressure, the well may fail. Simply put, the liquid from the aquifer will stop flowing into the mine. This is due to the fact that the air formed inside will push almost all the water down, pressing it into the ground. Therefore, the air supply must be optimal. It should only be enough to push the water out and not create excess pressure.

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A budget option for manufacturing an autonomous source of water supply is a do-it-yourself well without equipment using several existing technologies. This refers to ways to do without renting a drilling rig. However, the home master will still need some equipment and tools.

Making a well without do-it-yourself equipment

Purpose, nuances of the device

In comparison with the well, the well has smaller dimensions, allowing you to save the working space of the site. The mouth of the source is sealed much easier, precipitation and dirt do not get inside. No need to remove a large amount of soil, take it out of the construction site.

A well is being built with your own hands without equipment in several ways:

• by washing the soil with water;
• extraction of rock with a hand drill auger;

• flushing - usually 2 - 3 buckets of very dirty water are pumped out, then 1 - 2 cubes of liquid with sand go, after which the quality returns to normal;

Advantages of the method:

• low construction budget - purchase of a drill + production of rods with locks for extension;
• penetration rate - the auger is an Archimedes screw, along which the soil independently moves up.

When choosing a drill with replaceable blades, labor costs increase sharply. After a few revolutions, the tool must be raised to shake off the rock. In any case, the home master can do without assistants. The disadvantages of the technology are:

• complex vertical positioning;
• numerous descents/ascents.

The diameter of the equipment of hand drills is limited to 40 cm, if desired, you can find 50 cm augers, which are produced by 3 - 4 manufacturers of the Russian Federation. This sharply limits the diameter of the casing string, allowing low-power submersible pumps to be lowered into it.

Useful advice! As soon as the drill reaches the aquifer, the soil ceases to linger on the auger and blades. Further penetration is carried out by flushing, for which water under pressure is supplied to the bottomhole.

Abyssinian well-needle

There is a method for constructing a water intake source without excavation. A hole in the ground is made by compacting the adjacent rocks by driving a small diameter pipe. That is, the working tool after reaching the aquifer simply becomes a casing string.

Therefore, all the necessary equipment is mounted on the pipe before driving:

A well is made with a do-it-yourself needle without equipment, but a special tool is needed - a headstock. An Abyssinian well does not need a tripod, auger, or a flush pump. However, impact penetration with a sledgehammer flattens the top of the pipe, so a different scheme is applied:

• a traveling block is attached to the very top of the pipe with clamps;
• ropes / cables are attached to the headstock, thrown over the pulleys of the block to different sides.

After that, one or two workers simultaneously lift the headstock up to the traveling block, release the rope. The headstock hits the site, the pipe is driven into the ground, the operation is repeated until the site is near the ground. Then the pipe is built up, the bollard and traveling block rise higher.

Despite the low construction budget (5-7 thousand rubles), the technology has some disadvantages:

• difficulties in finding a headstock, a support platform or making these devices with your own hands;
• polymer pipes cannot be used for percussive drilling, steel pipe has a shorter resource.

Useful advice! If necessary, you can fasten the bollard with clamps on the pipe, pull out the column with jacks to clean or replace the filter, check valve.

Bait drilling

In addition to the above methods, a well can be made with your own hands without equipment using the bailer method, which is also called shock-rope drilling.

For this, a sequence of operations is used:

• a tripod - 1.5 - 2 m high is mounted on the mouth, a traveling block is fixed in the upper part;
• drilling - the bailer is lifted by a cable to the traveling block, released, falls to the ground, filled with rock, after removing the earth, the operation is repeated.

The bailer is made of a pipe, the lower edge of which is pointed (chamfer) or has teeth to destroy the formation. Inside, a round plug is installed on the hinge in the size of the inner diameter of the pipe. When hitting the ground, the plug opens on a hinge; when removed, it closes under the weight of the soil that has accumulated inside.

On dense soils, after the impact, the pipe is additionally rotated by levers welded or passed through the holes. This improves productivity and reduces labor costs.

Useful advice! The main advantage is the ability to extract the rock when it reaches the aquifer. The well is deeper, which provides a greater flow rate than with manual drilling.

The disadvantage of the technique is the need to purchase a thick-walled pipe 1–1.5 m long. Since drilling efficiency depends on the severity of the tool.

Tricks, innuendo, deceit and fraud are the tools of unfortunate covenants who offer gullible customers to drill wells at a low price. We will try to give arguments why these promises of unscrupulous performers cannot be trusted, and we will tear the veil from their traditional tricks.

Cheap services are not good. With regard to difficult technical, geological work - this is a postulate! Therefore, when you are worried about the creation of a personal water supply system on a suburban area, do not rejoice beyond measure, noticing an announcement of this kind: "we will drill wells in one day - 1000 rubles per meter." And it doesn’t matter where you see such an appeal: in a contextual advertising block, on a cardboard box on a lamppost near a suburban platform, or even on a notebook sheet glued to a neighbor’s fence with a tear-off fringe and phone numbers printed on it.

To refute the thesis that by ordering well drilling in the Moscow region at a price of up to 1,500 rubles per meter, you will receive a reliable water intake facility with a design capacity, durable, which in a week or two will not require major repairs (in the worst case, liquidation), let's give arguments.

How customers are deceived when drilling wells for water: favorite schemes for deceiving drillers

Poor casing installation

Limestone wells in its classical design form two pipe strings. The outer part, it is called - casing, acts as a kind of supporting frame. It restrains the pressure of rocks, does not allow them to bend the verticality of the trunk, excludes the possibility of getting into the mining part of the perched water, groundwater or water from those horizons that are not intended to be developed.

When water wells are being drilled, a steel casing string is installed along the entire depth of the working, while its lower part is already in the limestone. Half or two meters - all determine the geological characteristics of the reservoir. At the end of the installation phase of the steel column, the limestone is broken with a chisel of a smaller diameter inside this column, in order to then install the operational part - pipes made of HDPE or uPVC.

This is an example of good work. What then is the deception of water drillers?

Here, the customer should be alerted by the announced low price of drilling a well. Clever workers work according to a tried and tested scheme. They know exactly how deep it is “profitable” for them to make a trunk for casing it with steel pipes. At best, they will bring the metal to the limestone roof. At worst - at their discretion: half the interval, a third, or even several meters.

Since the customer is not privy to such nuances, they will say to him: “Master! The casing is ready, we are moving on to work on the production part with a smaller diameter.” But here, unscrupulous craftsmen will work in good faith: they will reach the aquifer, install plastic. But what difficulties in the future, and foreseeable, will the owner of a fake water intake face.

For example, argillaceous rocks lying above limestone will crush, deform, plastic production casing. Everything that is possible will drain into the aquifer - from groundwater to any liquids from opened, but not isolated layers. And as a result - to bury the pump clamped with deformed plastic in the well and forget about the production of water of acceptable quality (without mechanical impurities) until the overhaul or drilling of a new well.

Thickness matters, why use thin-walled steel pipes?

Reducing the metal consumption of the structure is good, in order to save money. However, such an approach of drillers is disastrous during the construction of a water intake facility. The use of steel pipes with a "thin" wall, indeed, makes it possible to drill wells cheaply. But what does the customer of services get besides imaginary benefits?

To create a casing string, for example, 133 mm steel pipes are suitable. The assortment today includes products of this diameter with a wall thickness of 4.5 mm - this is already an economy option - and "super-economy" 3.5 and 4 mm. Recall that corrosion corrodes this material at a rate of 0.1 mm per year, and in the range of water level fluctuations (static / dynamic) and other factors, it reaches 1 mm per year. It is not difficult to calculate how many years it will take to replace the entire structure. Therefore, assurances about decades of operation of a personal source without installing a plastic production string inside, in fact, will turn out to be nothing more than an ordinary deception of water well drillers.

Diameter, thickness and material of plastic pipes

HDPE pipes - for the production of economy pipes from HDPE, recycled plastic is used. They are called technical. Such pipes usually do not have markings, emit an unpleasant odor when heated, lose their shape, have a dull color and a heterogeneous structure.

They are not able to withstand mountain loads, their threads simply fly out of each other in hot weather. In this case, mountain drillers screw self-tapping screws into the threaded parts to fix the pipes together.

uPVC pipes - in order to reduce the cost, thin-walled pipes of small diameter are most often used - Ø90, Ø110 or Ø113 mm, with a thickness of 4 mm.

For guidance on the required wall thickness, depending on the depth of installation, we will give a table of the characteristics of uPVC pipes.

Outer diameter, mm	Wall thickness, mm	Inner diameter, mm	Socket outside diameter, mm	Maximum installation depth, m	Recommended installation depth, m
90	4	82	94	92	73
90	5	80	96	184	147
90	8	74	102	810	648
110	4	102	114	50	40
110	5	100	116	98	80
110	6	98	118	174	140
113	4	105	117	45	35
113	5	103	119	90	73
113	7	99	123	260	207
116	4	108	120	42	33
116	5	106	122	84	67
116	6	104	124	147	118
120	4	112	124	38	30
120	5	110	126	75	60
125	4	117	129	33	26
125	5	115	131	66	50
125	6	113	133	117	95
125	7,5	110	136	234	187
129	8	113	141	260	208
140	5,5	129	147	63	50
140	6,5	127	149	105	84
140	8	124	152	200	160
140	10	120	156	400	325
160	7,5	145	171	108	87
160	9,5	141	175	225	180
165	7,5	150	176	100	80
165	9,5	146	180	205	165
165	12	141	185	428	343

The depth of installation can be increased in proportion to the rise in the water level (static/dynamic) in the well. Because the external pressure on the pipe will be compensated by the internal water pressure in the pipe.

Triple cheat: Wrong casing using "special" pipes.

There is, perhaps, no reason to accuse the drillers of their intention to deceive such a customer who liked the announcement: drilling wells for 1000 rubles per meter. Perhaps the performers will be quite sincere in pricing: they will make the casing string from powder metal pipes with a wall of 3.5 mm, the interval by which they “strengthen” the wellbore with this pseudo-casing will be nominal - 5 m, 10 m. A pipe made of recycled plastic will reach the water , or thin-walled PVC pipe Ø90 mm.

Attracting attention at an unrealistically low price

The contractor may well declare that the cost of their services is democratic at a competitive price “below the market”, at the end voicing: drilling of wells is 1,500 rubles per meter multiplied by an unrealistic depth (less than what actually happens). The customer, however, must understand: he finds himself in a similar situation, as if he agreed to play against a cheater who has specks on all the cards.

Offering to drill a well at a low, clearly underestimated price, an unscrupulous contractor knows what he is getting into. For example, he is competently aware of the geological features of any region of the Moscow region. But he does not share this information with the consumer, here he is the very ace in the sleeve of the cheater. Therefore, having arrived at the site and started working, the drilling crew begins to say that boulders met here. Or limestone lies much deeper than the planned mark. The limestone has been passed, but the shaft is dry. It would be necessary to add depth and, of course, for an unforeseen extra volume of penetration. Finally, the original agreement - on a single-pipe column - will not be fulfilled, the realities are such that it will be necessary to drill with a smaller diameter and install additional pipes.

Consequences of drilling wells cheaply

The deception of drillers when drilling a well for water will be revealed after a short period of using the water intake. The lack of proper casing will lead to siltation of the filtration part of the production string, the source productivity will drop, and mechanical impurities will appear. If, as mentioned above, the rocks deform the plastic pipe into which the submersible pump is lowered, it may not be possible to remove the equipment at all. Water will stop flowing into the house.

In an emergency order, the search for the phone of the performers will begin, but it will not be possible to contact them. Such firms quickly change federal numbers and names of LLCs. Still: the money has been raised, why be responsible and even more so to correct mistakes. The owner of a poorly made well will have to select repairmen who will fully declare that this water intake structure cannot be reanimated. And as an option, they will offer drilling a new well, but it is no longer cheap.

Choosing a Reliable Drilling Company: Key Criteria

A professional drilling company is an independent production complex. The fact that such and such an organization exists (and for how many years), who its leader is, any person will find out by requesting an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. But what this team does as a visible, trusted technical service provider is:

1. Own fleet of drilling equipment.

A professional company has several types of installations on wheeled chassis, for example, URB-2A2, URB-3A3, 1BA-15. With this technique, industrial drilling of wells is also carried out, producing water from a depth of up to 600m. The property of the company, if it is not used to fulfill the order, is located at its own base, where its maintenance is carried out, and pipes, other professional tools, including small-sized installations, spare parts and other consumables are stored.

2. Permanent staff of specialists.

The need to select employees who have received specialized education does not require explanation. In addition, in order to join the SRO and obtain membership in the professional community, the company documents that the personnel have the appropriate qualifications.

3. SRO approval.

Of course, the "tolerance" itself does not yet speak about the stability of the company. But a serious organization serves not only private traders, but also legal entities that order serious volumes of drilling. For such cooperation, the service provider must have the right to carry out dangerous and high-responsibility work. But in any case, membership in self-regulatory organizations gives guarantees to customers. In the event of liquidation of the company, the SRO from its funds compensates for the costs of servicing or repairing wells.

4. Performance of work after the signing of the contract and the provision of guarantees.

The water intake structure is under warranty service for the period of time that is prescribed in the contract for the provision of technical services. This approach indicates that cheating on the part of drillers when drilling a well for water should not be expected.

5. Customer feedback.

Positive, neutral or angry comments from service users build a company's reputation. The study of opinions published on thematic resources will lead to a decision - whether to use the services of this organization or not.

What to look for in order not to make a mistake with the choice of a drilling company

1. The company has a website, but, for example, there are no pages on it that describe the features of drilling in each of the districts of the Moscow Region, and, accordingly, the cost of arranging a well in a particular location is not given. There are no “production” videos from our own Youtube channel, and photos of drilling equipment look like simple “stock” pictures.
2. There is a site, but on the same site there is no information about the location of the technical base. It is necessary to additionally ask a question about the possibility of visiting it.
3. Since there is an office space, there should be a permanent telephone, a stationary computer, and not a mobile phone in hand and a laptop on the table. Any infrastructure (network, IP telephony, databases, workplaces) cannot be adjusted in 5 minutes. Without infrastructure, the process of management, maintenance and production is not possible. All this is not? Perhaps this is a "fake" company, which will soon be gone.
4. Reviews, as in the case of a conscientious company, are a slippery, subjective thing. Especially today, when the SERM service - online reputation management - is offered by hundreds of digital agencies.
5. The company is ready to drill wells, and take the money only after the commissioning of the facility. This supposedly competitive advantage will be offered more likely by new market players. To find at least the first customer.

A few stories about cooperation with unscrupulous drillers

Viktor, Ramensky district

As I later realized my trouble, I paid off the drillers as soon as they completed the work, showing the flowing water for 5 minutes. We demonstrated the result: here is a well, we lower the pump, we begin to extract water. They rejoiced that they became the owners of their source, more than an hour, until it dried up. Later, the mechanics of this fraudulent trick were explained to me. It was necessary to pump water at least 1-2 hours without stopping!

The "masters" did not reach the water, so they simply poured clean water into the barrel and said - use it. They managed to report the problem to me, they even promised to return and fix the marriage in the work. But not a day or two later they did not arrive, and a week later their phone was completely turned off.

Marina, Balashikhinsky district

I came across very unscrupulous drillers. We agreed to drill a well at a price of 2200 per meter. When the work seemed to come to an end, they began to demand more money from me: for installing a filter, for pumping, for a passport for water intake. In excess of the agreed amount, I had to pay almost 20,000 rubles for "additional services."

Larisa, Kolomna district

I witnessed how my neighbors in the country were deceived. They are still young, there is not much money, they thought to save. Rogues took advantage of their youth and convinced the guys that for a full-fledged well, it is enough to install one pipe, not even steel, but plastic. Six months later, something happened to this pipe, maybe it cracked. It is easy to draw such a conclusion, since the water comes out of it cloudy, and the filter is constantly clogged with sand. They were able to contact the drillers, but they refused to fix anything, citing that their guarantee does not cover such problems.

Our report on the most popular methods of deception is over. New tricks, fraudulent methods are constantly added by unscrupulous performers.

We will be grateful if in the comments below you share your situation, the name of the company and how you were deceived.

Informed means armed. Armed means protected. Your message will help many save nerves, time and money.

We are waiting for your messages!

Have you ever thought that one well with the same footage can be made different in design and, accordingly, the water in them will also be different?
Water from sand is enriched with iron, and it is necessary to cut off such aquifers by going deeper and taking water from hard rocks (iron-rich fissured limestone clay). You can drill with a drill at 198, and crush the pipe 133 with a cone at the end, with a mesh wound on its side, or with a conductor to the first or second plate, and then with an open hole and without a mesh (a well without a filter)! In the first case, the water will be mixed from all water carriers, and in the second case, only from the second water carrier,
So you can quickly, without hemorrhoids, get along and beat off the money (in a day), or you can do it in three days, more expensive per meter, but drinking water ... and footage ... footage is not an indicator!
I don't care what kind of sand, gray, yellow, etc., I just cut it off ... and goodbye to ferrous iron, and urine therapy!
In these places, a well (if it is cheaper without any special claims to quality (horse whistle) with a natural oxidizer and a sump) or the right well!
I had a similar situation with the 15m well. I redid someone else’s well for the ensign (she worked for the summer with mixed water carriers) by installing only (into a bare hole in the ground) one conductor, who crashed (planted) into the slab and that’s all, immediately the effect on the face! In understanding (as it really is) on water carriers, everything is much simpler, as some are trying to explain here ... casting a shadow on the wattle fence ...

Good day to all. About 6 years ago they made a well (A) at 21 meters. No one understood anything about this, and at that time could not deal with it, they called, ordered, they arrived, asked where, they poked a finger, drilled, left.
The water is clean at first, poured into a barrel, after 10 minutes the lower half is cloudy. A lot of sediment is formed in the hoses in the form of flakes, the siding immediately turns yellow, and so on ... That is, the analysis was not done, but there is a lot of iron.
There are problem areas in the partnership with neighbors, but recently 2 pumps have appeared at 40 and 50-60 meters from us with normal water and a depth of 17 meters (they did an analysis, the excesses are insignificant).
We also had an old pump on the site, which is 50 years old (B), it’s hard to say what kind of water is there now, but former users say that there was always good water there. The old one is about 15 meters from the new one. And finally, I recently noticed that at the site of the new well, the worst place in terms of vegetation on the site, the grass is rare, the earth is visible, and so on ...
The question arose in the advisability of trying to drill a new well next to the old one (B):
- in the hope that the water there will be normal
- that when they drilled the previous one they missed the required depth
- will be closer to the house that is going to be built (2 meters instead of 7-9)
- good water right away is better than blocking the iron removal system, because it is more expensive, more difficult, and needs to be serviced.
I would like to hear the opinions of people who understand more in this matter.
Solnechnogorsk district, Senezh station.

And I will advise you to redo the old one, because through your well the lower water carrier is polluted by the upper one. If the distance between them is not large, then the water will enter a new, regular well through water carriers.