How to feed the tomatoes after planting in the ground so that the bushes are strong and the harvest is plentiful? You can use not only chemical preparations, which are on sale today, but also folk remedies, tested by our grandmothers.

The annual planting of seedlings contributes to the depletion of the mineral composition of the soil and a decrease in the necessary nutrients

The role of fertilizers in growing tomatoes

One of the most popular and favorite crops on the table is tomato. This plant is whimsical, and without proper care, a good harvest cannot be expected. The annual planting of seedlings contributes to the depletion of the mineral composition of the soil and a decrease in the necessary nutrients in it.

Various fertilizers will help restore fertility. To improve the composition of the soil, they are introduced before the planting of tomatoes; the land should be manured in the fall. When digging or planting tomatoes, you can add peat. If cups were used when planting seeds, then it will be more convenient to plant such seedlings. It will take root faster, then the first feeding can be done earlier.

Organic fertilizers not only improve the composition of the soil, but also help warm it up during the cold season. In the winter season, you can add chicken droppings or manure to the ground, and in the spring you need to add ash and humus. Preparation of the land immediately before planting includes irrigation with potassium permanganate dissolved in hot water, as well as the introduction of potassium sulfate, if planting is made in clay soil.

Various fertilizers will help restore fertility.

Essential nutrients

The main nutrients required by a tomato are as follows:

Nitrogen is used to stimulate the growth of green mass. It is introduced before flowering, during the formation of the fruit, it is used with caution, trying to adhere to the recommended norms.

Potassium is needed to accelerate the growth of bushes and reduce the risk of disease. It is used during the ripening period of the fruit to ensure proper taste. The lack of this element can be detected by appearance plants. Rolled foliage is clear evidence of a lack of potassium.

Magnesium is used to accelerate the growth and setting of hearths, it is especially necessary in conditions of plant growth on sandy soils.

Manganese, copper and boron stimulate flowering, ovary formation and fruit ripening.

Phosphorus promotes root development and improved yields.

When organizing feeding, it should be borne in mind that it is better to make them less than to overfeed the growing seedlings. It is important to provide the tomato with the optimal amount of nutrients at all stages of growth.

For those who are not sufficiently aware of the question of how to feed tomatoes after planting in the ground, you need to know that the plant needs nitrogen for easy adaptation. During the flowering period, the sprouts need to be fed with potassium and phosphorus, as evidenced by a slowdown in growth and a change in the color of plants.

The first feeding of tomatoes after planting (video)

Types of dressings

What fertilizers are applied to the soil from spring to harvest? Many summer residents use dry fertilizers in tablets and solutions. The prepared composition can be sprayed with green mass or applied at the root.

Plant nutrition options are as follows:

• mineral;
• organic;
• combined.

Mineral fertilizers are used by summer residents everywhere. Fertilizers in tablets or in solution contain phosphorus, calcium, sulfur and nitrogen. Ash is often used by gardeners, which contains potassium carbonate, which has good solubility and proper efficiency.

Care should be taken with nitrogen fertilization. An overabundance of them increases the toxicity of the earth, contributing to the rapid growth of the bush and the appearance of defects in fruits associated with a change in external and taste qualities. Optimum fertilization with nitrogen fertilizers promotes efficient plant growth and development. Among nitrogen preparations, urea and different kinds saltpeter.

It is better to give preference to complex feeding

Organic fertilizers are recognized as the safest and most effective. They contain the elements necessary for the development of plants and increase their productivity. Natural organic matter includes manure, which contains a large amount of nutrients. It cannot be used raw. Recommended for feeding chicken manure, which contains a large amount of nitrogen compounds. Raw dung is rarely used in tomato feeding due to the presence of helminth eggs and weed seeds. When planting a tomato and subsequent care for the bushes, it is wiser to purchase dry droppings in specialized stores, free of harmful impurities.

To enrich the land with nitrogen, legumes can be planted, which not only release nitrogen compounds into the soil, but also loosen it. As a top dressing, herbal infusions - siderates are used. Nettle, plantain and other herbs are used for their manufacture.

The simplest top dressing can be made with nettle. It is cut, poured into a bucket, poured with water and left to ferment for a couple of weeks, while not forgetting to stir constantly to remove oxygen from the mixture. The clarified solution is mixed with water in a ratio of 1:10, the tomato is poured under the root. An aqueous solution of mullein in a ratio of 1:20 is used if it is necessary to carry out nitrogen-phosphorus feeding. 0.5 l is added under each bush.

A capricious tomato crop needs proper care... Any mistake can lead not only to a decrease in yield, but also to the death of the entire plant.

How to fertilize tomatoes during and after planting? It is better to give preference to complex feeding. The combination of mineral fertilizers with organic matter, taken in optimal quantities, stimulates the active growth and development of plants.

The use of iodine accelerates fruit formation and increases the size of the fruit. It is used for soil disinfection and protection against fungal diseases. Serum is used together with iodine. For one bush, approximately 20 drops of iodine are added to 1 liter of whey.

Fertilization timing

Gardeners choose the time for feeding themselves.

For beginner summer residents, it is better to adhere to the proven scheme for applying mineral fertilizers:

You can feed the tomatoes after planting no earlier than 2 weeks later. You can use nitrophos, diluted in an amount of 1 tbsp. l. on a bucket of water.

After 1.5 weeks, add a solution of potassium sulfate, diluted in an amount of 1 tsp. on a bucket of water.

Simultaneously with the potassium solution, treatment with a weak manganese solution is performed.

After a week from the day of the last feeding, the treatment is carried out with saltpeter, taken in an amount of 15 g per bucket of water.

A week later, feeding with ash and suprephosphate, diluted in 1 tbsp, is performed. l. in a bucket of water. It should be borne in mind that in any period of fertilization for one bush, approximately 1 liter of solution is required.

The scheme for introducing organic matter is slightly different. The first time the tomato is fertilized after planting in the ground, and then regularly at intervals of 10 days. After feeding, it is advisable to mulch the soil at the stem. This will help maintain moisture and prevent weeds. For this purpose, the sawdust is first soaked with a solution of urea (1 tbsp. L. Per bucket of water), and then laid on the ground around the plant.

They feed this way 1 time per season.

For tomatoes after planting in the ground, only 4-5 dressings are required:

• The first is produced with the aim of strengthening the root system and stimulating plant growth;
• The 2nd is necessary to accelerate the development of seedlings;
• 3rd promotes abundant flowering;
• The 4th is introduced at the stage of fruit ripening.

You can feed tomatoes with yeast, which contributes to the development of the root system and the appearance a large number flowers.

A standard recipe for yeast feeding includes:

• 10 g of dry yeast per bucket of water;
• 0.5 l of ash and poultry droppings;
• 5 tbsp Sahara.

Organic fertilizers not only improve the composition of the soil, but also contribute to its warming in the cold season.

The resulting mixture is treated with the soil near the plant, trying not to water it next to the root system.

For a young tomato, no more than 0.5 l of the composition is required, for adult plants - no more than 2 l.

Foliar fertilization

The plant needs foliar feeding during fruit ripening. To do this, dilute 1 tsp in a bucket of water. superphosphate, the resulting mixture is sprayed with foliage and stem. Spraying with boron solution is carried out in case of falling flowers due to high temperatures. A prerequisite for such feeding is a cloudy day.

A capricious tomato crop needs proper care. Any mistake can lead not only to a decrease in yield, but also to the death of the entire plant. Therefore, you should be careful in the use of any type of feeding, be it fertilizers in tablets or organic matter. The recommendations for nutrient consumption should be strictly adhered to so as not to harm the plants.

The question of how to feed tomatoes after planting in the ground is natural, since this plant with a powerful root system belongs to a culture that is demanding on soil fertility and quality of nutrition. High yields of tomatoes are obtained by providing the plant with organic and mineral fertilizers.

To characterize the growth of plants, two basic concepts are used: "need" and "demanding". The need is characterized by the total removal of elements from the soil mineral nutrition for the entire growing season.

Tomato is a medium-sized crop, which selects about 400 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per hectare of soil.

According to the second parameter, he also belongs to the demanding "middle peasants" who need large doses of the most important fertilizers.

Its lack causes depletion of leaves, yellowness and drying out on the lower tiers. The veins of the leaves turn bluish-red, the fruit pulp is tasteless, woody, and the fruits themselves are small. Without nitrogen, the plant is doomed to disease.

But most of all, the tomato needs phosphorus. A complete supply of tomato with this element contributes to the formation of good ovaries, a strong root system, and the normalization of photosynthesis. If you feed the tomatoes with phosphorus fertilizers, then the harvest will delight you with full-fledged fruits with excellent taste.

Fibrous, thin lignified stems, reddish-purple leaves, twisted and small fruits - this is how a tomato bush becomes with a lack of phosphorus. The deficiency of the element delays the flowering of the brush, the fruits become smaller, their ripening is delayed.

Its tasks are to activate enzymes, increase the resistance of tomatoes to diseases, and improve the supply of cells with water. The supply of nitrogen to the plant and the increase in protein depend on it.

If the ground under the tomatoes is left without potash, then the leaves of the tomato turn into wrinkled and lifeless. On young sheets, spots form, giving them a bronze tint. The spots along the edges merge into a solid line, and then turn brown. The stems become thinner, the fruits lag behind in development, ripening unevenly and slowly.

In addition to basic dressings, tomatoes will need microelements: calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum. But the deficit and excess of organic and mineral nutrition are equally unsafe for tomatoes, as well as the principle "I feed with what I have."

Interchangeability of basic fertilizers

Nothing else can replace nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements for a plant. When discussing the interchangeability of fertilizers, they talk about their types, which contain the same components, differing from each other only quantitatively. Tomatoes should be fed on the basis of conversion indicators (i.e., the quantitative recalculation of the component).

Interchangeability of basic fertilizers:

Fertilizer	Basic framework	Quantity	Quantitatively equal
Ammonium nitrate			0.75 kg of urea; 1.7 kg ammonium sulfate; 2.6 kg of nitrophosphate.
Potassium chloride	Potassium oxide	1 kg	1.35 kg of 40% potassium salt; 1.8 kg of 30% potassium salt; 1.1 kg of potassium sulfate; 4.5 kg of nitrophosphate; 0.9-1 kg of potash; 2 kg of potassium magnesium; 8 kg of pine wood ash; 4 kg of birch firewood ash; 17 kg of spruce wood ash.
Simple superphosphate granules			0.4 kg double superphosphate; 1.8 kg nitrophosphate

The tomato, demanding on soil fertility, grows well in areas filled with organic fertilizers:

• manure;
• slurry;
• peat;
• humus;
• chicken droppings;
• compost.

When the soil is manured, only phosphorus and potash fertilizers need to be added. But for tomatoes that are hypersensitive to chloride compounds, potassium sulfate is preferable.

Top dressing of tomatoes in the greenhouse

What fertilizers are required for greenhouse tomatoes? The choice depends on the growing technique. It is possible to plant seeds directly into the ground or initially plant in boxes and cups followed by picking in the phase of the first true leaf. Without picking, you can grow seedlings in peat tablets with auxiliary additives of mineral fertilizers and growth stimulants, ensuring its successful development.

With the normal supply of nutrients to the soil mixture, tomato seedlings do not require feeding. If there is a shortage of them, 1-2 additional dressings are used:

1. 10 days after the pick, 10 liters of water are mixed:

• ammonium nitrate - 15 g;
• potassium sulfate - 20 g;
• superphosphate - 40 g.

1. 10-12 days after the date of the first feeding or 5-7 before planting in the same proportions.

The seedlings are transferred directly to the greenhouse soil at the age of 50-60 days in the presence of seven to eight leaves and the budding of the first flower cluster. When planting a tomato, it is better to prepare the soil in the fall, adding 1 sq. m 2-6 kg of manure, 1-3 kg of compost, 10-15 g of potassium chloride, 50-70 g of superphosphate, or apply everything in the spring in the same proportions, but without calcium chloride.

Tomatoes after planting, even with a closed root system (from cups, pots, cubes), take root in a new place within 8-12 days. Therefore, during this period, it is better not to touch them, creating sparing conditions, cover them from the bright sun, water them infrequently, but abundantly, because they love dry air and moist earth. Adult planted tomato seedlings, after they get stronger, are fed three times with mineral elements or organic fertilizers.

Fertilizer doses (in g per 10 l of water) by growing period:

Organics are used in the form of an aqueous solution of mullein in a ratio of 1: 8-10 or bird droppings in a ratio of 1: 15-20. It is best to feed tomatoes with microelements, including ready-made ones, in soluble tablets and granules by foliar (foliar) feeding, using a sprayer or an ordinary watering can.

Top dressing with aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate (1 g per 1 l of water), molybdate ammonium (0.2-0.3 g per 1 l), boric acid (0.5 g per 1 l) strengthens the bush, makes the stem, leaves, promotes the development of ovaries. For some time after spraying, do not water so that the trace elements are well absorbed into the leaves and stems of plants.

If the tomatoes were grown by direct planting in the ground and did not dive, they are simply thinned out, covering the moisture in free places with peat or humus mulch.

Top dressing of tomatoes in the open field

For open cultivation tomatoes in the country zoned many varieties of various economic purposes, but when planting tomatoes on household plots early maturing varieties are usually selected. The amount and content of nutrients is directly related here to the cultivation and fertility of the soil.

Organic fertilizers - semi-rotten manure, humus, compost - usually not enough for planting fertile lands... The main types of nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers or their combination in the form of nitrophoska and ammophos are used. In combination with mineral elements, organic matter is introduced in half doses. It is effective for plants to introduce such mixtures into each planting hole: 300-350 g of humus with 7-10 g of superphosphate.

If, during the preparation of the soil in the autumn or spring period, mineral fertilizers were not used, it is necessary to feed the tomatoes after planting in the ground several times during the growing season of the bushes. V various sources it is recommended to do this every 2-3 weeks. But on fertile lands, two dressings are quite enough, when the bush has up to six true leaves, and during the period of fruit formation.

How to feed tomatoes after planting in a backyard farm? Traditionally, 15-20 g of superphosphate is added to a bucket of mullein or poultry manure solution. This amount is enough for 10-12 plants.

Further feeding is carried out with dry mineral fertilizers based on square meter:

• 10-15 g of ammonium nitrate;
• 20-30 g superphosphate;
• 5-10 g of potassium salt.

Organic fertilizers are easy to apply in furrows. When watering, they gradually saturate the soil with the necessary elements.

When the tomatoes begin to bloom, foliar feeding is carried out:

• 0.01-0.5% boric acid solution (0.1-0.5 g per 1 liter);
• 0.001-0.02% solution of molybdenum ammonium (0.01-0.2 g per 1 liter);
• 0.03-0.05% solution of manganese sulfate or zinc sulfate (0.3-0.5 g per 1 liter).

For each square meter of area, 0.1 liters of solution is used. The most the right time for such a "recharge" - the evening or just cloudy (not rainy) weather. Once on the leaves, the nutrients are quickly absorbed by the plants and contribute to accelerated growth and high-quality harvest. You can combine such dressing with spraying tomatoes with substances that prevent the development of bacterial diseases.

Competently carried out top dressing for tomatoes after planting seedlings in the ground will allow you to get good harvest... The main thing is to apply fertilizers on time and in the correct proportions. There are many ways to feed and fertilize. Each gardener empirically selects the best methods for himself. There are two ways to apply top dressing: root and foliar. When root dressing, fertilizer is applied in liquid form under the root and nourishes the plant through the root system. This is the main food that saturates tomatoes. the required amount main useful components. Such dressing is carried out with care, not allowing the solution to get on the tomato leaves, otherwise they may burn. Foliar dressing is carried out by spraying, so the nutrients are distributed over the surface of the leaves and stem. The concentration of the solution for processing the tomato should be much lower. This method quickly saturates the seedlings with microelements and saves fertilizers. Spraying is carried out in small doses, but often. It is undesirable to use chlorinated water. Many summer residents prefer to collect rainwater. When planting, experts advise treating the seeds with nutrient solutions. They contain a complex of substances that stimulate the growth of tomatoes. You can use Kornevin, Guamat, Epin, Zircon products. Novice summer residents need to know that potash fertilizers are not suitable for soaking tomato seeds. They slow down the growth of young plants. Tomatoes require different nutrients at different times of growth. On initial stages development of tomatoes requires nitrogenous substances. When they are supplied in sufficient quantities, a high-quality green mass is formed. Also, nitrogen is required at the stage of ovary formation. Phosphorus is needed for tomatoes to develop root system... After all, it is through the root that the plant enters maximum amount nutrients. Potassium fertilization for tomatoes is required for the formation of generative organs. Potash fertilizers are allowed to be applied for the first time at the stage when the 3 leaves of the seedlings have formed. This type of feeding is responsible for immunity. Plants become more resistant to various diseases... They are not so afraid of pests, short-term cold snaps and droughts. The approaches to fertilizing a tomato when transplanting into a greenhouse and into open ground are somewhat different. So, when transplanting into a greenhouse, the first fertilizer is applied approximately 2 weeks after planting. This allows the root system to adapt from injury. From the first weeks, potash and nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the soil in order to reduce the risk of a lack of these elements vital for successful development and fruiting tomatoes. Organic fertilizers such as urea or manure are also relevant from the first weeks of planting in the greenhouse. Liquid fertilizer is prepared by dissolving 25 g of urea and 15 g of potassium sulfate in a volume of 10 liters of water. Watering consumption is one liter per bush. The second time tomato bushes are fed, with their massive flowering. Top dressing for tomatoes is necessary for the appearance of strong ovaries at the next stage. A tablespoon of potash fertilizer and half a liter of bird droppings and manure are consumed per bucket of solution. Each bush should receive up to one and a half liters of liquid. If there is a lack of organic matter, you can add a tablespoon of nitrophoska. To prevent top rot on tomatoes, spray them with calcium nitrate - a tablespoon per bucket.

When the ovaries are formed, feeding the tomatoes is carried out with a solution of ash (2 l), boric acid (10 g) per bucket hot water... For better dissolution, the liquid is infused for a day. For each bush, up to one liter of solution is consumed. Once again, fertilizer for tomatoes is used in mass fruiting to improve the taste of fruits and accelerate their ripening. For watering, a tablespoon of liquid sodium humate with two tablespoons of superphosphate is taken on a bucket. Open ground is usually prepared for planting in advance, often in the fall. The soil is loosened, all weeds and rhizomes are removed, enriched with organic substances, and also fertilized with humus, manure or droppings, at the rate of up to 6-8 kg per square meter. In the spring, mineral fertilizing is introduced: nitrogen fertilizer, urea or superphosphate, also potassium chloride.

After planting in open ground, depending on the weather conditions of the region, the first feeding is carried out after 3-4 days. If the seedlings are weak, use 1 tbsp. urea per bucket of water, at the rate of 1.5 liters per bush. During the formation of flowering, 80 g of superphosphate and 30 g of potassium nitrate are used per 10 liters of water, at the rate of 1.5 liters per bush. The third feeding is carried out during fruiting: 40 g of double superphosphate and potassium nitrate per ten-liter bucket of water. And 12-14 days after the third feeding, 1 tbsp of superphosphate is used (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water) at the rate of 1 m3 - 10 liters. It is undesirable to add superphosphate to the soil simultaneously with urea, lime, dolomite flour and ammonium nitrate. After applying these fertilizers, you can feed the plants with superphosphate no earlier than a week later. Now let's look at some popular recipes for feeding tomatoes. 1. Feeding with yeast and sugar. Famous folk way is feeding tomatoes with yeast. They are applied at the root no more than 2-3 times during the entire time, mainly during the development of seedlings and vegetation. Yeast contains a wide range of minerals that are beneficial to the plant and contribute to good development root system and foliage. The first time it is worth feeding during the period of growing seedlings, the second - at the time of tying the buds, about the fourth week after planting in permanent soil. To prepare top dressing you will need: 1. 2.5 liters of water (without chlorine) 2. A bag of dry yeast 3. 1/2 cup sugar Leave the mixed components warm until the end of fermentation. Then 1 tbsp. the resulting concentrate is diluted in 10 liters of water. We do root dressing, at the rate of 1 liter per bush 2. Top dressing of tomatoes with boric acid Boric acid contains necessary element, contributing to fertilization, pollination, the appearance of ovaries. The solution for a young tomato consists of: 1 gram of powder per 1 liter of water. An adult seedling needs to increase the concentration by 1.5 times. Spraying is carried out on the basis of 0.1 liter per 1 bush. 3. Feeding tomatoes with iodine Feeding with iodine is another promising approach, in which fertilization is applied every two weeks. Dilute 5 drops of the drug in 15 liters warm water, sometimes adding also 10 grams of phosphorus, up to 20 grams of potassium. Water directly to the root at 2 L per plant. 4. Top dressing of tomatoes with herbal infusion and infusion of nettle To prepare the solution, nettle is chopped and poured warm water, insist 2 weeks, stirring the solution daily. Under the influence of the sun's heat, the solution will ferment better. Add wood ash to this top dressing. It is a source of phosphorus-potassium substances and useful microelements.

When the solution is ready, you can begin to apply it to the beds: You do not need to filter the solution. It is diluted with water 1:10 and water the soil around the plants. Water once a week. If it rains, you can water more often. This mixture is suitable for spraying plants, but for this it must be diluted 1:20. Many gardeners use nettle not only in the form of an infusion, they mulch the beds with leaves and stems. This helps the tomatoes grow well and the yield increases. This solution is an excellent prophylaxis against slugs and snails. 5. Feeding tomatoes with chicken droppings Another means available and effective is chicken droppings. Pigeon droppings, mullein, horse dung are also suitable - the action is similar. Feeding tomatoes with chicken droppings is done before planting and during the growing season. It is recommended to prepare the solution as follows. Half a bucket of chicken is poured with water and infused for 10 days, stirring every day. Then a top dressing is prepared from chicken manure: 0.5 liters of infusion is added to 10 liters of water. Before feeding, be sure to water the plants. To prepare this infusion, you should choose a container that is closed with a lid. You can prepare a solution and then use it all summer. Fertilize the soil before planting, distributing droppings over the bed and digging up the soil. Calculation - for 1 sq. meter needs 3.5 kg of litter. Some ash, sand or compost components are also added to the chicken. In this case, fertilizer is applied to the soil and left until spring. Under the cover of snow, it will rot well, and already in spring you can start digging the beds. It should also be borne in mind that the chicken is toxic. Peat, straw or sawdust will help get rid of such an effect on plants. To do this, prepare compost: On the prepared site, lay out a sawdust layer, then a layer of chicken (up to 20 cm), again sawdust, and again chicken droppings. The compost should be prepared for 1.5 months, then you can fertilize the beds. If the use of chicken manure led to the fact that the tomatoes began to grow too much green mass (leaves and stems became thicker), it is worth stopping it. Otherwise, it will not bring benefits - the harvest will not be plentiful. To establish the correct metabolism, you can use ash infusion. To suspend the process of assimilation of nitrogen by the plant, when leaves and steles are actively growing in the absence of ovaries and fruits, a solution is prepared from wood ash (100 grams per 10 liters of water) and the plants are sprayed.

Fertilizer in the form of dry granules is a very convenient tool. Such a manure is more convenient to use as a fertilizer, and it also has many advantages: no bad smell ; does not contain weed seeds; there are no helminth eggs; nitrogen is not lost during storage; take up little space (swell when in contact with liquid); contribute to an increase in the yield by 2 times; in dry weather, they give moisture to the soil; long shelf life; suitable for all plants. Such fertilizer is applied at 100-200 grams per 1 square meter. meter. Sprinkle soil on the droppings in granules or dig up the beds after application. This fertilizer is also suitable during the growing season of the plant. Granular droppings cause burns in green crops. Therefore, it should not be brought directly into the seedling planting holes. 6. Feeding tomatoes with ash By adding ash and wood ash to the soil in the garden or in the greenhouse, we thereby change its acid-base balance - ash significantly reduces acidity. Therefore, alkalinizing acidic soil, you can make up to 500 g per square meter. Heavy clay or loamy soil after such an introduction for another 4 - 5 years will show miracles of fertility and retain a lighter structure. This should not be done with neutral or alkaline soil. Since peat, on the contrary, oxidizes the soil, then at neutral indicators, fertilizing and lightening the structure, they usually add wood ash and peat at the same time. If plants prefer acidic soil, such as potatoes, radishes, melons and gourds, then you need to use the ashes with great care. But feeding with ashes of tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, cabbage always gives a positive effect. Ash is used in dry form, solutions, infusions and extracts are made from it, and compost heaps are enriched with it. Used as root and foliar dressing. Spraying with ash helps to speed up the fruiting process of tomatoes. To prepare the solution, use the following components: Wood ash - 2 liters Boric acid - 10 grams Water - 1 bucket Dry, one might say solid, ash is buried in the ground, preparing it for planting, filling it with trunks around trees and bushes, aisles in the garden ... After such an introduction, it is covered with earth or mixed with it, and then, with each moistening, the roots receive a portion of nutrition. 7. Top dressing of tomatoes with whey, milk Fertilizer in the form of milk allows you to enrich the soil in a complex way, especially since the entire composition is natural and is well absorbed by the plant. Due to lactose, pests do not attack tomatoes. Only raw milk should be used for processing tomatoes. Whey fertilizer is used to protect tomatoes from fungus. Also, the substance is used as a trap for insects, for example, butterflies and caterpillars. When planting tomatoes, when the stems and leaves have just begun to grow, mix 1 liter of milk and a bucket of water, add 15 drops of iodine. After planting, the concentration of the solution must be increased. Add 1 liter of milk to 4 liters of water. Pour 0.5 liters of the mixture into each well. This feeding is done every 3 days. To improve the feeding effect, you can add 10 drops of iodine solution. When the first fruits appear, feeding should be done 2 times every week. It is better to alternate several types of dressings with ash or iodine. For spraying, a solution is prepared with water and milk (whey) in a ratio of 4: 1. You can also add 15 drops of iodine and 200 grams to milk wood ash... 8. Top dressing of tomatoes with bread This fertilizer helps to saturate tomatoes carbon dioxide is an excellent growth stimulant. Pour crackers with water, put 2.5 kg of crackers on a 5-liter bucket. Crackers should be completely covered with warm water, even a little more, as they absorb water well. Put the oppression on top and leave it there for 7 days. Dilute with 3 liters of water before use. Lean soil should be fertilized not only with bread infusion, add 100 grams of dry yeast to the solution, just before fertilizing. The first time to fertilize tomatoes is recommended when the first leaves appear. This can be done either two days before transplanting into a separate pot, or 5 days after. After that, it is necessary to wait for the second flower cluster to appear on the tomatoes, and then feeding is done every 2 weeks. 9. Top dressing of tomatoes with calcium nitrate To build up green mass, calcium nitrate, which promotes rooting and plant growth. Feeding is started when 2 true leaves appear. Use calcium nitrate in different stages plant growth. After planting tomatoes or directly during planting, you can add saltpeter to the soil - 20 grams for each plant. In autumn, this substance is not introduced into the soil, since melted snow and rainwater wash it out of the soil within 2-3 weeks. For spraying, make a solution by mixing 2 grams per 1 liter of water. Also, saltpeter is mixed with other fertilizers. when watering seedlings with a mullein, add 20 grams of calcium nitrate to the bucket. You can add additional components to this composition: 100 grams of ash and 10 grams of urea. Water the crops with this fertilizer after the appearance of 2 leaves and 10 days after the pick. At the ripening stage, it is recommended to feed the tomato with such a solution: add 500 ml of infused chicken or mullein and 20 grams of saltpeter to a bucket of water. Thanks to this fertilization, the soil will become favorable for growth, and the roots of the crop will receive more oxygen. 10. Top dressing of tomatoes with potassium humate Humate contains mineral microelements and other substances necessary for tomato crops, which contribute to the growth and development of tomatoes at an accelerated pace. Almost 80% of potassium humate is humic acids. These substances are necessary to increase yields.

They also provide improvement physical properties and chemical composition soil. To prepare a nutrient solution, 50 ml of the substance is diluted in 10 liters of water. Fertilizers for spraying tomatoes are diluted in the same concentration. With the help of humate, pre-planting soil preparation is also carried out. The soil is watered with a nutrient mixture made from 10 liters of water and 500 ml of fertilizer. Using such a recipe allows you to increase the fertility of the land. For the whole season, you need to treat the plants with this fertilizer up to 6 times. 11. Top dressing of tomatoes with nitrofoskoy It would be rational to sprinkle the mixture directly into the holes for fertilization, so that each bush gets its share nutrients... Pour 1 tablespoon of fertilizer into the hole and mix well with the soil. Then plant the seedlings. You can water the plants with the prepared solution: 50 grams per bucket of water. Each granule of nitrophoska is a uniquely balanced composition of a whole set of minerals. Depending on the composition, the mixture may contain the following components: ammonium nitrate (nitrogen); phosphorus precipitate; potassium chloride; phosphoric acid ammonium (ammophos); calcium chloride; potassium nitrate; superphosphate. There are many mineral mixtures similar in composition to Nitrofoska: Azofoska. Both have the same three-element formula (NPK). The difference is that phosphorus is completely assimilable in Azophosk, while only partially in nitrophosk. In addition, the composition of azophoska contains sulfur, and in nitrophoska this microelement is present only in one form - sulfuric acid. Ammofoska. It also has a classic NPK base, but the nitrogen in this fertilizer is presented in the ammonium form (does not lead to the accumulation of nitrates). In addition to the main elements, tuk contains magnesium and sulfur, and sulfur makes up at least 14% of the total composition of the mixture. The fertilizer does not contain chlorine, sodium and ballast substances, so it can be used on any soils, including greenhouses, as well as for feeding chlorine-sensitive crops: currants, gooseberries, grapes, potatoes, tomatoes. Nitroammofosk. It has the same NPK core with nitrophosphate, and the difference is only in the percentage and form of the main or additional components. In addition, nitroammophoska does not contain magnesium, but sulfates predominate in it, and unlike nitrophoska, it has a longer aftereffect period. Nitroammophos. In spite of similar name with the previous fertilizer, nitroammophos has a significant difference - there is no potassium in it. Ammophos. Its main components are nitrogen and phosphorus, but the concentration of the latter is almost 4 times higher. Both elements are in a highly assimilable form, so their use has some advantages over nitrate mixtures. 12. Top dressing of tomatoes with double superphosphate Complex mineral mixture- double superphosphate is an excellent fertilizer that contains nitrogen-phosphorus compounds. In this mixture, phosphorus oxide is easily digestible, so gardeners always fertilize the ground where tomatoes grow with it. Superphosphate should be applied directly to the soil - in spring or autumn. The dosage is 40-50 mg per 1 square meter. For greenhouse plants, the rate is doubled: 80 mg per 1 square meter. 13. Top dressing of tomatoes GUMI Humic dressings are made on a natural basis. The popularity is due to the minimum content of nitrates, which favorably distinguishes such fertilizers in comparison with mineral dressings... In the composition of humic fertilizers, you can find the same elements that are also present in mineral complex dressings. However, due to the acid content, the effect of nitrates on grown vegetables and fruits is minimal. That guarantees the ecological purity of the resulting crop.

In addition to watering, tomatoes need regular dressing... During active growth, liquid fertilizing is used. Composition and amount of fertilizers regulate depending on the development of plants.

Fundamental rules:

• They begin to feed the tomatoes after planting, a week after the seedlings have taken root.
• For top dressing of tomatoes, root and foliar dressings are used. Their composition depends on the stage of plant development, the size of the fruits and weather conditions.
• Root dressing is combined with watering, foliar is produced as needed.
• The favorite component of the tomato is potassium, and the least favorite is chlorine. Therefore, potassium chloride is not suitable for dressing, and potassium sulfate or ash is the very thing.
• At a minimum, tomatoes need 3-4 feeding for their active growth and generous harvest.

First feeding of tomatoes: after planting in the ground

When? For the first time tomatoes most efficiently feed 15 days after planting seedlings in open ground or greenhouse (budding, beginning of flowering).

How to feed? If the soil was poorly fertilized before planting, add:

Infusion of bird droppings or mullein sprinkled with ash, or
Herbal infusion (fermented herb),

Mineral fertilizers:

"Nitrofoska" - 1 tbsp. spoon for 10 liters of water. Solution consumption: 1 liter for a bush.
Any other full (complex) min. fertilizer.

If the soil was generously fertilized before planting, add:

Kalimagnesia - 1 teaspoon in a 10-liter bucket of water, or
Potassium sulfate - 1 tbsp spoon into a 10-liter bucket of water.

What shouldn't you do? Apply nitrogen fertilizers for the first feeding, which will only cause explosive growth greenery.

Second feeding: during fruit setting

When? The second time the tomatoes are fed 10 days after the beginning of the opening of the second brush, when ovaries 1.5 cm in size appear on it (during fruit setting).

What to feed? In a ready-made solution of mullein or poultry droppings (10 liters), put 1 tbsp. a spoonful of complete mineral fertilizer, 3 g copper sulfate and 3 g of potassium permanganate. Solution consumption: 1 liter - under undersized bushes, 1.5 liters - for determinant, 2 liters - for tall.

Top dressing for better fruit setting:

• At the stage of active setting and pouring of fruits, tomatoes are fed with a water extract of superphosphate at a dosage of 1 teaspoon per 10-liter bucket of water (superphosphate is poured with hot water). Watering plants under the root with such a solution accelerates fruit setting.
• Improves fruit setting and foliar feeding: 1 g of boric acid and 1 g of magnesium sulfate are dissolved in 10 liters of water. The resulting solution is sprayed on plants at the stage of active flowering.
• Stimulates the formation of ovaries on tomatoes very available remedy- ash. It is simply scattered on the surface of the ground under a bush or a solution is prepared: 10 teaspoons of wood ash in a 10-liter bucket of water. The solution is infused for 7 days, and then the tomatoes are watered. The prescription solution also accelerates the growth and ripening of the fruit.

Third feeding: during fruiting

When? At the beginning of fruit picking, that is, during fruiting.

How to feed? You can use the second dressing solution, increasing the dose for tall varieties to 2.5 - 3 liters per bush.
If tomatoes are fattening, that is, greens are formed in excess, but there are no flowers, it is worth excluding nitrogen-containing fertilizers and feeding with an infusion of wood ash (100 g per 10 liters of water) or superphosphate (its water extract).

Foliar dressing of tomatoes

Foliar dressing is performed as needed.

1. Growth food

It happens that even before the beginning of flowering, tomatoes grow poorly, the stems of plants are thin and weak, and the leaves are light. Foliar feeding with a solution of urea in a dosage of 1 teaspoon per 10-liter bucket of water will help out. Foliar dressing of tomatoes is often combined with treatment against pests and diseases.

2. If the flowers fall ...

This means that due to overheating of the air in the greenhouse, the pollination process was disrupted. Foliar top dressing with boric acid in a dosage of 1 teaspoon per 10-liter bucket of water will help out.

3. If the lighting is insufficient….

The leaves are sprayed with a solution of calcium nitrate at a dosage of 10-15 g per 10-liter bucket of water. Top dressing will also help out in the case of twisting of the top leaves, it will also be useful for better pouring tomatoes.

4. If the plants are weak and thin ...

After root feeding with nitrogen fertilizers, the leaves are sprayed with a solution: 10 g of urea and 15 g of calcium nitrate per 10-liter bucket of water.

With annual exploitation of the soil on garden plot there is a gradual depletion of its composition due to plant nutrition. The remnants of nutrients are washed away by rain and watering. To control the yield of tomatoes, a certain amount of fertilizer is required every season to enrich the land and protect plants from pests and diseases.

Why do you need fertilizers for tomatoes in the open field

With smart distribution of top dressing, you can get a rich harvest of tomatoes, which are very sensitive to the introduction of various additives into the soil and respond by increasing resistance to diseases and increasing the number of fruits. This is primarily due to the history of the appearance of tomatoes in Russia.

The homeland of tomatoes is South America. The soils there are depleted due to the large number of plants, so tomatoes in wildlife have small fruits. Fallen leaves of plants in subtropical and tropical climates quickly decompose and serve as nutrients for the wild species of the Solanaceae family growing there. The climate in the homeland of tomatoes is humid, so tomatoes need regular watering in hot weather. Subject to the regime of feeding and watering tomatoes in the open field, you can achieve large fruits and in large quantities throughout the summer.

There is an opinion about the dangers of fertilizers for vegetables and humans. In this regard, we can say the following: there are certain dosages of fertilizers for each type, methods of their introduction, a feeding calendar. Specifically for tomatoes, this knowledge has been accumulating for decades, so it is important to observe it and not increase the amount of mineral and organic fertilizers.

There are norms for feeding tomatoes in the open field and in the greenhouse. For greenhouse tomatoes, the norms for calculating fertilizers are not recommended, which are adopted for soil plantings. Why? Because there is no natural precipitation in greenhouses that wash out excess substances, the amount of water is strictly metered. More nutrition remains in the soil, and it makes no sense to use the formulation indicated for plants in the open field.

Without nutrient solutions, the soil will quickly become impoverished and work in the garden will be ineffective and difficult. Therefore, it is worthwhile to understand in detail: what, when and why to bring in for good growth and development of such a popular vegetable as a tomato.

Fertilizer types for tomatoes

For growing tomatoes are used traditional species dressing:

• organic - manure, compost;
• mineral fertilizers - potassium, phosphorus, iodine, magnesium, nitrogen, boron, calcium.

The specificity of top dressing is such that organic matter decomposes for a long time and is absorbed by plants throughout the entire growing season. Therefore, such fertilizers are applied once a season - in spring or autumn. Someone advises to introduce organic matter in the fall and dig up the soil, counting on the fact that during the winter the land will be enriched with nutrients. Someone in favor of spring organic supplements. Both the first and the second method are justified.

Video about the correct feeding of a tomato in the open field: root and foliar methods

The most high-quality and useful ingredient for root feeding of tomatoes in the open field is cattle manure or chicken droppings. It is necessary to prepare the solution according to the following rules:

• the first layer is last year's manure;
• the second is grass and garden waste;
• the third is the manure of the current year;
• fourth - tops, cleaning fruits and vegetables.

Alternate layers until compost heap will not reach a height of one and a half meters. Next, you should pour it with water (several buckets) and leave it to overwhelm. Compost maturation period - one year... During this time, the components are fermented and turned into a nutrient-rich, environmentally friendly fertilizer for tomatoes. When interacting with the soil, the upper fertile layer is formed - humus, on which any vegetables, including tomatoes, feel great.

Chicken droppings

Chicken manure is a valuable nutrient fertilizer for outdoor tomatoes. In addition to a large amount of nitrogen, it contains trace elements - phosphorus, magnesium, potassium. Feeding is being prepared different ways: from fresh droppings, from dry matter. Fresh droppings must be diluted with water - in a ratio of 1:20, that is, 1 liter of droppings per 20 liters of water.

It should be borne in mind that with the simultaneous feeding of tomatoes with chicken droppings and nitrogen fertilizers, the plants will first use natural fertilizer, and then additional. This is one of the mistakes made by amateur gardeners - fertilizer overdose. Plants begin to ache and there are signs of oversaturation of the soil with one or another type of dressing.

Minerals

Mineral fertilizers are applied during the entire period of growth and fruiting of tomatoes... The point here is the exact amount and time of application. Mineral complexes can be bought ready-made and balanced, or you can cook at home yourself.

The basis for mineral fertilizers can be ash and chalk... Chalk helps to reduce the acidity of the soil to which tomatoes are very sensitive. V farms the composition of the soil is determined by the laboratory method. In your area, this can be done using litmus paper. Tomatoes grow well when soil pH from 6.2 to 6.8.

• ammonium nitrate;
• urea;
• superphosphates;
• potassium compounds.

Compositions of mineral fertilizers can be combined with organic additives, but one should take into account the period of plant growth and the amount of dressings applied. For example, during the flowering and setting of tomato fruits, they need potassium more. Therefore, you need to take a potassium supplement and mix it with something from organic matter - compost or liquid green fertilizers of your own preparation.

The dosage of substances in homemade mixtures should be accurately calculated to avoid plant death

What else can be used to feed tomatoes in the open field

Depending on the available components, horse manure, pork, rabbit, goose, quail, milk waste, yeast, coffee grounds can be used as a top dressing for tomatoes.

From minerals - boric acid, potassium permanganate, iodine.

If you choose between dry and liquid dressings, then it is better to use liquid dressings for tomatoes, after moistening the soil with water. The solutions reach the desired depth faster and are more easily absorbed by the root system.

One popular formulation for tomatoes is a herb-based green fertilizer. The cut grass is collected in a large container, half a bucket of chicken manure is added, a pack of yeast, if any, ash. Add water and leave to ferment for two weeks. Next, the grass is used as mulch, and the plants are watered with the solution.

Fertilizers behave differently in the soil. Nitrogen substances are washed out most quickly. Phosphates are more immobile, therefore, their period of complete dissolution is long; they are introduced long before transplanting tomato seedlings into the soil.

Foliar fertilization for tomatoes

Experts agronomists advise not to neglect foliar dressing of tomatoes in the open field. Plants absorb nutrients better through the leaves.

If there is a change in the color of tomato bushes, curling of leaves, this means that it is necessary to urgently replenish the reserves of nutrients and apply foliar feeding. This will speed up the process of saturation of the plant and prevent the processes of stopping the growth and ripening of fruits associated with starvation.

Foliar spraying is done using iodine, boric acid, potassium permanganate solution, trichopolum. The last remedy can be bought at the pharmacy... Gardeners use it to fight bacteria, as metronidazole (trichopolum) has antibacterial properties.

When to make foliar dressing for tomatoes

For young seedlings, it is more appropriate to use complex additives and foliar feeding, and for adult plants - potash and nitrogen fertilizers, as well as phosphorus.

Foliar dressing is carried out early in the morning or in the evening so that the sun does not evaporate the liquid, and it is completely absorbed by the plants.

Fertilizing tomatoes with yeast

Yeast is used as an additive in the manufacture of liquid fertilizers for tomatoes in the open field. They start the process of fermentation and fermentation of the components. The temperature rises during fermentation, which also accelerates the growth of seedlings.

When yeast enters the ground, it promotes the growth of beneficial soil bacteria, which has a positive effect on the absorption of nutrients by tomatoes and improves the top layer. The soil receives more oxygen, beneficial vitamins and minerals from the yeast.

Microorganisms, which form the basis of yeast, are able to work and multiply at a certain temperature of the soil and air, therefore, such fertilizing is applied to a sufficiently warmed earth.

To prepare the solution, you need to take a bucket of water and 20-30 g of yeast, half a glass of sugar. Dissolve everything and let the composition ferment for a day in warmth. Then you can pour it into a large barrel - liters per 100 - 120 and watered at the root.

Soil selection and preparation for planting tomatoes

It was already mentioned above that tomatoes came from South America... They have a lot in common with potatoes, including disease. Therefore, it is not recommended to plant tomatoes in the place where potatoes grew before. Pathogens may remain in the soil, which will prevent young seedlings from gaining strength.

A separate place in the garden should be reserved for tomatoes. The soil for tomatoes must be prepared in the fall. Apply phosphate fertilizers, as they dissolve for the longest time and react with the soil, organic fertilizers- manure or compost is also introduced in the fall. By the spring, manure will decompose and will be suitable for assimilation by plants.

In the fall, top dressing is applied to a depth of about 30 cm and dug up, leaving large clods of earth. This contributes to better moisture when the snow begins to melt in the spring.

Seedlings are planted in separate holes 10-15 cm deep at a distance of 50 cm from each other. Depending on the variety of plants, the distance may be less - up to 30 cm.

You can also make a solid hole - a trench. This is necessary so that water and liquid fertilizers do not spread, but fall directly under the root of the plant.

Microelements for feeding tomatoes

Trace elements enhance the taste of tomatoes, protect against diseases, increase nutritional value fruits. Tomatoes require the following additives:

• calcium - for metabolism, reducing soil acidity;
• boron - affects the amount of vitamin C in fruits;
• magnesium - improves the formation of chlorophyll in the leaves, thereby affecting oxygen metabolism;
• iodine - improves the metabolism and assimilation of nitrogen by the plant.

With a lack of trace elements, plants get sick, turn yellow, and become covered with dark spots. Reduces resistance to diseases - bacterial and fungal.

Trace elements are applied both by spraying and under the root.

Top dressing recipes

There are many recipes for making micronutrient dressings that are easy to make at home.

For example, whey or milk with iodine. Can be used water solution iodine. To do this, 1 - 2 drops of iodine are needed for 1 three-liter can of water. Watering is necessary on the moist soil under the tomatoes.

The boric acid solution also affects the taste and nutritional properties of tomatoes. Boric acid does not dissolve in cold water, therefore, it is necessary to pour 10 grams of acid with boiling water, stir and pour into a ten-liter bucket. With foliar feeding, boron is better absorbed by plants. For the whole season, it is recommended to spray tomatoes with boric acid three times.

Calcium supplements are essential for tomatoes from the seed growth stage. During the development of seedlings with a lack of calcium in plants, the root system does not grow well, and therefore the entire bush... Calcium is involved in the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, which affects the nutrition and assimilation of other important elements - nitrogen and potassium. It reduces the acidity of the soil.

Most importantly, tomatoes are considered one of the record holders for calcium content and are recommended for dietary nutrition.

When applying calcium fertilizers, the proportions of potassium and nitrogen should be observed, since their excess in the soil leads to poor absorption of calcium by tomatoes.

To feed tomatoes with calcium, use dolomite flour, slaked lime, chalk, ground limestone. The fastest way to do this foliar method.

Fertilizing tomatoes in autumn

In the fall, soil preparation begins for spring planting tomatoes. During this period, phosphorus fertilizers, potash chlorine-containing compounds, and manure are used.

Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in small quantities and only ammonia forms. It is mainly practiced on hard clay soils.

Video how using correct feeding get a high yield of tomatoes

Potassium sulfate can be added to the soil in the fall. Especially on sandy lands.

The amount and type of fertilizer used depends on the type of soil and the rate at which the nutrients spread.

In the fall, you can begin to lay a "compost barrel" - unused fruits, vegetables, manure, grass. Leave for the winter and in the spring to fertilize the soil with the ready-made compound.

Spring and summer tomato fertilization

During the period of active growth of seedlings, they need nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. If phosphates were not introduced in the fall, then in the spring they must be added to the soil. 10 days before planting seedlings... During this time, the phosphorus will partially dissolve and will be ready for assimilation by plants.

The total number of dressings is two or three per month. Do not oversaturate the soil with fertilizers, both natural and artificial.

The fertilization season begins in the spring after the tomatoes are planted outdoors. After 3 weeks, it is necessary to add nitrogen compounds - ready-made or homemade. The tomato bush is actively gaining green mass at this time.

During flowering, the need for potassium and phosphorus increases. The composition can be prepared by diluting according to the instructions ready mix, but can be made from home ingredients: 250 g of dry chicken manure, 1 tablespoon of superphosphate fertilizer, 1 teaspoon of potassium sulfate. Mix everything in a ten-liter bucket. One bush takes about 1 liter of solution.

Root and foliar feeding should not coincide in time

The third feeding is during the period of inflorescence formation. We use potassium.

Fourth - before the formation of fruits or during ripening. Superphosphate and potassium. Nitrogen is not used at this time, as it can cause increased growth of shoots, which will negatively affect the ripening of fruits.