Almost everyone knows that among the many winter holidays, one of the most beloved by students and not only is Tatyana's Day or Students' Day. But few can boast of knowing how this wonderful holiday came about. Perhaps this is one of the few holidays that both church ministers and students consider their own. At the same time, each side interprets this day in its own way. For some clarification of the situation, let's turn to the history of this significant day.

The Life of the Saints describes the tragic fate of the daughter of the Roman consul Tatiana. She was subjected to severe persecution for her faith in Christ, they cut her with razors, tried to burn her, gouged out her eyes, but every time God punished her persecutors, and Tatiana granted healing. The court sentenced the martyr to death, later Tatiana was canonized as a saint. However, the Life of the Saints nowhere mentions the connection between the great martyr Tatiana and those who devoted themselves to science and the acquisition of knowledge. So why did the day of remembrance of Tatiana become associated with a cheerful and glorious people - students?

We find the answer in the "History of the Russian State": January 12 (25), 1755 Empress Elizaveta Petrovna signed a Decree on the opening of the first Russian university in Moscow. The project was developed by Lomonosov and taken under the patronage of Adjutant General I. I. Shuvalov, a man of culture and education. And it was Shuvalov who chose the day of signing the Decree - the fact is that he wanted to make a gift to his mother Tatyana Petrovna on her name day.

Nicholas I later signed a Decree, which ordered to celebrate January 12 (25) as the opening day of the university. This is how a cheerful student holiday appeared - Tatyana's Day, but popular rumor endowed St. Tatiana with favor for students.

Already in the first year of university life, this holiday was celebrated on a large scale, in the traditions of Peter the Great, which were also to the liking of Elizabeth. First, a solemn part with a divine service, and then fireworks, illuminations, theatrical performances, and, of course, treats. As time went. Former students became lawyers, doctors, writers, teachers. But Tatyana's day did not change and was not forgotten - on this day, young people and old people, famous and unknown, all became good friends.

Day of all students was one of the noisiest days in the city. The main action took place on Tverskoy Boulevard, Nikitskaya, Trubnaya Square. Students in small groups and whole crowds, some on foot and some in cabs, filled the entire district. The feeling of freedom intoxicated and overwhelmed young souls. Finally, nature took precedence over reason. Young people sat in class for months, pored over books, did experiments again and again, many of them worked part-time - but one day a year they could be liberated and do anything. The demonstration of freedom and self-sufficiency was expressed in loud singing - from the classical student anthem Gaudeamus igitur to the politically unreliable "Dubinushki". The police on Tatyana's day acted only for preventive purposes and smoothed out acute conflicts. It was strongly recommended not to detain and even more so to arrest students on their holiday.

Cat concerts near the building of Moskovskie Vedomosti were traditional for this bottom. Sometimes the editorial windows were even beaten. This is how students expressed their rights - this official newspaper was once the only city newspaper, and its editors were university professors.

AT Tatyana's Day class and age distinctions were abolished, ranks and ranks were abolished, the poor and the rich were compared - everyone became fellow citizens of the "learned republic". Successful important people remembered their student years and the wonderful days of their youth. Very quickly and easily, Tatyana's Day became a holiday not only for Moscow University, but also for students throughout the country.

Students celebrated the holiday noisily in numerous taverns, restaurants and pubs. The owners of these establishments carefully prepared for this day - in the famous Hermitage restaurant, for this day, luxurious furniture was prudently replaced with simple tables and benches, expensive mirrors were removed, and the floors were covered with a thick layer of sawdust. At the same time, the guests felt freer, and the hosts calmer.

Cold snacks, cheap wine, beer and vodka were served at the table. Everyone sat down together at one table - popular journalists, favorite professors, lawyers, students, officials. This meal united such different people with one common sense of unity!

That is how, thanks to the Imperial Decrees and the filial love of the favorite Shuvalov, the Great Martyr Tatiana became the patroness of all students, and The 25th of January we all celebrate Tatyana's Day.

On January 25, students of educational institutions of Russia celebrate Student's Day. On hearing the second name of the holiday is Tatyana's Day. But who is Tatyana, and what does she have to do with higher education?

13 interesting facts about Tatyana's Day

Fact 1

Tatyana's Day is originally an Orthodox holiday. On this day, the church honors the memory of the Great Martyr Tatiana of Rome.

Her life story is amazing. Tatyana was the daughter of famous and wealthy parents, but as a child she adopted the Christian faith, for which she paid with her life. As a young girl, she served in the temple, helped the destitute and the sick. In those days, paganism dominated in Rome, and any heterodoxy was severely punished. The Roman mayors learned that Tatiana professed a foreign religion, and demanded that she publicly renounce Christianity. But Tatyana was adamant. She was tormented and tortured, but nothing could make Tatyana renounce God. Powerless to change anything, the executioners killed Tatyana, but did not kill her faith. And for more than one and a half thousand years, the church has honored the feat of Tatyana. Every year on January 25, services in honor of St. Tatiana are held in all the churches of the country.

Fact 2

On January 25, 1755, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna signed a decree establishing a university in Moscow. The idea and the draft of the order were prepared by Mikhail Lomonosov himself with his friend, Lieutenant General Ivan Shuvalov. Subsequently, the day of January 25 began to be celebrated annually at the university as his birthday, and then two holidays - St. Tatiana's Day and the day the university was founded - were combined into one - Tatiana's Day. Over time, the people renamed the day of the establishment of Moscow State University as Student's Day, and the celebrations spread throughout Russia. The Great Martyr Tatyana was given the status of the patroness of students, although initially Saint Tatyana had absolutely nothing to do with teaching.

Fact 3

Why did the empress sign the above decree on Tatiana's Day? Coincidence? Far from it. According to one version, Ivan Shuvalov, the founder of the country's main university, timed the day of filing a petition for signing a decree to his mother's Angel Day. In such an original way, he wanted to give her a gift.

Fact 4

The symbol of Moscow State University is the Church of the Holy Martyr Tatiana, built on its territory. It appeared in 1791, and since then every year divine services have been held in it in memory of the saint. Festive liturgies were not held except from 1812 to 1817, when the church burned down along with the university buildings, and during the Soviet era. But in 1944, Patriarch Alexy II held the first service during a long break, thus resuming the tradition of the university.

Fact 5

The founding day of Moscow State University was widely celebrated by students and teachers. The festivities acquired the greatest scope in the 60s. 19th century. First, the official part awaited everyone: congratulations and awards to the best students, a prayer service in the church at the university. Then the university brethren went to the bars and taverns of Moscow, and the extravaganza began! The capital did not know more noisy fun. In bars, the owners removed expensive furniture so that tipsy students would not spoil it. Students walked along with professors, the poor, ordinary residents: on this day, the boundaries were erased, everything was allowed.

Fact 6

Tatyana's Day is the only date in the year when the tsarist police did not touch the brawlers. On the contrary, on this day, law enforcement officers were so loyal to drunken students that they offered their help to them. If the students were so drunk that they could not get up from the ground, the gendarmes wrote the addresses on their backs with chalk and took them home.

Fact 7

Tatyana's Day is a peasant holiday. St. Tatiana's Day - Tatiana Kreshchenskaya or Babi Kut. Women in families baked round cakes, symbolizing the sun, and treated them to all household members. People, tired of prolonged Epiphany frosts, called spring into the house in this way. “To Tatyana” young girls went to the river, where they shook and washed rugs, which they then hung out in the yard. By the cleanliness of the rugs, people judged the hostess - whether she would make a good wife.

And on January 25, unmarried girls made bouquets of feathers, hay and rags, and hid them in the house of a potential groom. If they managed to do this, then marriage is not far off.

Fact 8

The student holiday has been celebrated for more than two centuries.

During this time, signs and traditions associated with this day appeared:

• On Tatyana's day, you can’t prepare for the exam - you will fail it.
• It is considered a good omen to celebrate the holiday with alcohol - the exam will be passed the next day.
• Well, the favorite tradition of all students is the call of Shara: students open the windows, shout “Shara, come”, and if they hear an answer (as a rule, from the same students or passers-by), then you don’t have to worry: you will draw out the easiest ticket during the exam.

Fact 9

Currently, Tatyana's Day is an official holiday of all universities in the country. This event is most solemnly held at the main university in Russia - Moscow State University. Festive events take more than one day. Mandatory events include: a service in the Tatiana Church, the awarding of laureates of the Lomonosov and Shuvalov prizes, youth forums, a concert and, of course, the traditional ceremony of bottling mead by the rector.

Fact 10

Medovukha is a traditionally Russian low-alcohol drink based on honey, associated with Student's Day. Why mead? Tatyana's Day was celebrated with this drink in the 19th century, during the noisy festivities about the holiday. Not all students could buy wine and champagne. Medovukha is a completely different matter. It was the cheapest, and as a result, the most accessible alcohol of that time.

Fact 11

Few people know that the idea of ​​bottling mead for Student's Day belonged to the rector of Moscow State University. In 1992, there were disputes among teachers at the university about the celebration of Student's Day. Many professors supported the idea of ​​collective swimming in pools, as did students in America. But Viktor Sadovnichy remembered how he once witnessed an interesting scene: after the solemn inauguration, the rector of one of the German universities, at the request of the student, poured and served him a mug of beer. This episode was so remembered by the rector of Moscow State University that it became the prototype of a new university tradition - treating students to mead.

Fact 12

The student's day is marked on the calendar. In 2005, President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the official status of the holiday, and in October 2007 Student's Day also became a memorable date along with such holidays as National Unity Day and Russia Day.

Fact 13

The Russian Student's Day does not coincide with the International Day, which is celebrated on November 17th. Unlike the merry holiday Tatiana's Day, International Student's Day is not usually celebrated loudly. On this date, young people who paid with their lives for patriotism are remembered. In 1939, in Prague, students went to a demonstration on the occasion of the anniversary of the formation of Czechoslovakia, not being afraid of the Nazi invaders. Many of them were later shot or sent to concentration camps. All over the world on this day, November 17, the innocent victims of fascism are remembered.

Tatyana's Day is an unusual holiday. It so happened that both Orthodox and secular traditions organically merged in it. This day will allow everyone to plunge into the atmosphere of fun, carelessness and youth. On a cold winter day, this is exactly what you need.

01/24/2017 11/19/2019 by Ma [email protected]

There is such a wonderful day in winter when the sun is sure to peep out and it seems as if spring has already come. That day is January 25th. In the old days, a holiday was celebrated at this time Tatyana Kreshchenskaya ", or " sun ". It was believed that no matter how cold January was outside, the sun would always delight people with its rays. Currently, January 25 is considered the feast of St. Tatiana and the Day of Russian students.

Tatyana's day is a church holiday.

First of all, Tatyana's Day is a Christian holiday celebrated by all Orthodox believers. Its other name is Tatiana Kreshchenskaya or Tatiana Rimskaya. Tatyana Rimskaya is also revered by the Catholic Church.
The story of the great martyr says that she was born into a wealthy believing family. She strongly believed in God, took a vow of chastity, for which she was even awarded the title of deaconess. When the persecution of Christians reached its peak, the pagans seized her and wanted to force her to pray to their god, but Tatyana Rimskaya read a prayer, which caused an earthquake that destroyed the pagan temple.

After that, the martyr was tortured for a long time, but the traces of mutilations disappeared again and again. She was also thrown into prison, locked in the same cell with a lion, but these attempts to kill her were not successful. As a result, Tatyana and her father were executed by cutting off their heads. For her torment, Tatyana was canonized as a saint. Tatyana's day in the Christian calendar is celebrated on January 25th. By tradition, prayers are read in all churches. At home, people also pray, asking Tatyana to grant them happiness and patience, as well as academic success.

Tatyana's day is a national holiday.

On January 25, 1755, Empress Elizabeth signed a decree establishing the Moscow State University. Almost always, this day was considered just the birthday of the university, but since 2005, January 25 has been the All-Russian Student Day. In one of the premises of Moscow State University there is even a church dedicated to the Holy Great Martyr Tatyana.

On January 25, all students celebrate this important day for them. They walk, relax, organize concerts and festive events. Many traditions, signs and rituals are associated with this day. According to many students, on this day you can catch good luck for passing exams. There is an interesting custom - to go out onto the balcony with a grade book in hand and invite luck with the phrase: "Freebie, come." If someone shouts from the street in response to "already on the way", then this will be a good sign.

This day has two beginnings, which are not connected with each other historically, but which were subsequently combined into one day. This is a bright Orthodox holiday and a holiday of knowledge, a holiday of students. Therefore, on January 25, people go to church, asking God to give them, among other things, knowledge, as well as patience and diligence in their studies.

Folk traditions and customs on Tatyana's day.

On this day, candles are lit in the church for academic success. They pray to the Martyr Tatiana in difficult teaching and enlightenment. On January 25, they also pray to St. Savva for various ailments, the icon of the Mother of God "Mamming" - for help during childbirth, for breastfeeding (with a lack of mother's milk) and for the health of babies.

Since ancient times, on Tatyana's day, it was customary to bake loaves in the form of the Sun.

“Tatyana bakes a loaf, and beats the rugs on the river, and leads a round dance!” They used to say in the old days.

This is the day of Tatyana Kreshchenskaya and Babi Kut. Babi kut - a place near the Russian stove, a woman's corner where all the household utensils stood, and the hostess spent a lot of time.

In the family, this place was called the sun. Therefore, on Tatiana's Day, the "bolshukhs" - the eldest housewives in the family - baked a large rug, a symbol of the sun. The same housewives took the pastry out of the oven, let the bread cool a little and broke off a piece of bread warm and distributed it to all family members.

Such was the tradition on Tatyana's Day - to invite spring, inviting the luminary to return to the people as soon as possible and drive away the severe Epiphany frosts.

Each member of the family, according to tradition, had to eat at least a piece of such a loaf so that the Sun would give him some of his warmth.

• On Tatyana's Day, women twisted balls of yarn as tight and as large as possible - so that the heads of cabbage were born tight and large.
• On Tatyana's Day, from ancient times it was considered necessary to go to the river and knock out all the dirt accumulated in them during the winter holidays from the rugs.
• Girls on this day, early in the morning, went to the river, where rugs were knocked out. Then the rugs were hung on the fences so that the guys could judge the girl from them - what kind of wife would she make.

Signs, rituals and conspiracies for students on Tatyana's day.

Tatyana's Day is both a holiday and a special date for students. For them, this is not only an excuse to digress from the sciences and plunge into fun, but also an opportunity to attract good grades to the record book with the help of special rituals and conspiracies.

The most important student tradition on Tatiana's Day is, of course, the call of Shara.

This is done as follows: on the night of January 25, students go out onto the balcony or look out the window, shake their record book, calling “Shara, come!”. And in response you need to hear (and not necessarily from a student!) “Already on the way!”. This ritual allows you to get good marks "on the ball", i.e. without much effort.

Also on January 25, students draw a house with a chimney on the last page of their grade book. Moreover, the house should be small, small, and the smoke from the chimney should be long, long. To make it more authentic, it is drawn in the form of a swirling labyrinth with one line. And so that the line in no case crosses and does not touch itself.

If you manage to draw such a "smoke" without an error (crossing and touching the line) - this is a good omen. And the longer this “smoke” turns out, the easier and more successful your studies will be this year.

Finally, on Tatiana's Day, in no case should you study and even look at the notes! On January 25, you need to forget about classes altogether! Only rest and fun! So that studying was not a burden, but a joy.

Love spell of the groom on Tatyana's day.

• Also on Tatyana's Day, girls lure suitors. Such a trick. Early in the morning on January 25, the girl needs to thoroughly knock out the rug, and then spread it at the entrance to the house. Next, it is necessary in one way or another to lure the one whom she wants to be her suitor - if you manage to get the guy to wipe his feet on the rug prepared for him, then he will be constantly pulled into the girl's house.
• There is another way to love the groom - with the help of a panicle, which the girl makes from rags and feathers. On the same day, such a panicle should be hidden unnoticed by everyone in the house of “your” groom. If this succeeds, the guy will not go anywhere.

By the way, the mothers of the guys on this day made sure that their sons were not bewitched in such ways by the one they did not want to see as a daughter-in-law. Therefore, they tried to keep their sons at home that day, and the girls who tried to visit in one way or another were treated with caution.

Folk omens on Tatyana's day.

Since ancient times, weather patterns have been monitored on Tatyanin.

• If it snows on the day of Epiphany Tatiana (Tatiana's Day, Babi Kut) - then a frosty February and summer with rains are expected.
• Sunrise on Tatyana's day personified early spring, the imminent arrival of birds and the early spawning of fish.
• If it is frosty and sunny on this day, then the harvest will be rich!

Many signs for Tatyana's Day were associated with the preparation of the ritual loaf, which was mentioned above:

• If the bread rose like a mound in the middle, then wait for good luck this year and life will get better, it will go uphill.
• If the loaf turned out smooth and without flaws - a sure sign of a calm year and measured life.
• If the loaf burned, they rejoiced, and the birthday girl had to eat the burnt crust.
• If the loaf cracked, it was considered a bad omen.

Congratulations for Tatyana.

Let Tatiana give you

Fresh feelings like the first snow

Longing with despondency will go away

And everywhere there will be success!

On Tatyana's day, accept congratulations,

All those who are called holy names.

I wish you a good mood

And smile at simple joys.

Let Tatyana, luck shines on you.

May happiness meet you at the door.

Let the one who loves reciprocate,

Give you all the charms of love.

Forget the January frosts

Hurry to friends and have fun

Before it's too late

While life boils with happiness!

Meet Tatyana's day in a big way -

Don't sleep like a polar bear!

On Tatyana's day, we hasten to congratulate

Without exception, all Tanya,

To temper their steep temper

We will give them flowers, toys.

We will smile at them on this day

Forgive the whim, any flaw,

We laugh together with them

We will support Tatyana in difficult times.

May this day, on their bright holiday

Dreams come true cherished.

May the day be like a little prankster

Will give happiness the wings of light.

Our Tanya, from the heart

You accept congratulations:

We wish the girl of dreams

Spiritual, external beauty!

So that no male hero

Didn't pass by without gasping!

Tatiana, dear Tatiana!

Today is your holy Tatyana's Day

I am intoxicated and drunk from your beauty ...

I wish that every new day

Your smile was illuminated,

May you always be the happiest of all!

To have fewer life mistakes

And there was always a fervent, ringing laugh!

So that you are surrounded by love

To rejoice in the sun and moon ...

So that happiness is only for you

And a desperate success awaited in life!

In 1791, the church of Moscow University was also consecrated in the name of the holy martyr Tatiana. Since then, Saint Tatiana has been considered the patroness of students and teachers.

In 1918 the temple was closed. At first, a club was located in its premises, and from 1958 to 1994 - the student theater of Moscow State University. In January 1995 the building was returned to the church.

According to the descriptions of contemporaries, before the revolution, the celebration of Tatiana's Day as a university holiday was a real event for all of Moscow.

It began with an official ceremony in the assembly hall of the university, where professors, teachers, students and graduates who came from all over Russia gathered. After the prayer service, the academic report and the rector's speech, everyone stood up and sang "God Save the Tsar!" Then the unofficial part began, often lasting until the morning, the festivities. University graduates celebrated the holiday in their own circle, among whom were professors and officials, doctors and lawyers, industrialists and businessmen. Toward evening, many gathered in the hall of the Great Moscow tavern in the city center, where speeches and toasts were made, after which they rode in troikas to the Yar restaurant, which that day served only the university public.

In modern Russia, students traditionally organize mass celebrations on this day.

On January 25, 2016, the All-Russian action "Tatiana's ice" will be held for all students of the country. Holiday programs will be organized on ice rinks in the capital and regions of Russia. The central platform will be the GUM Skating Rink on Red Square.

The Russian Orthodox Church remembers on this day the holy martyr Tatiana, who is considered the patroness of all Russian students. On this day, all women bearing the name Tatyana celebrate their name days (the ancient name "Tatiana" in Greek means "organizer").

According to church tradition, Saint Tatiana lived in Rome at the turn of the 2nd-3rd centuries, during the time of cruel persecution of Christians. Her father, a noble Roman, secretly professed Christianity and raised his daughter in a Christian spirit. Tatiana did not marry and gave all her strength to the service of God. At that time, all power in Rome was concentrated in the hands of the persecutor of Christians, Ulpian. They seized Tatiana and tried to force her to sacrifice to the idol. But in the temple of Apollo, where she was brought, according to legend, the maiden offered up a prayer to Christ - and an earthquake occurred: the pagan idol broke into pieces, and the fragments of the temple buried the priests under them.

The pagans tortured Tatiana. During the torture, many miracles happened: either the executioners, for whose enlightenment the saint prayed, believed in Christ, then the angels deflected blows from the martyr, then milk flowed from her wounds instead of blood, and fragrance poured into the air. After terrible torment, Tatiana appeared before her executioners and judges even more beautiful than before. The pagans despaired of breaking the faith of the sufferer and executed her. Together with Tatiana, her father was also executed.

In recent years, there have been primordial traditions in Russia of celebrating St. Tatiana's Day, based on the common prayer of the Russian Church and higher education.

Traditionally, the center of church celebrations on the Day of Russian Students, which is also the day of memory of the patroness of higher education in Russia - the martyr Tatyana, became the temple in honor of this saint at Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov on Mokhovaya street.

Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Kirill, on the day of Russian students, celebrated the Divine Liturgy for the first time in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. The service was attended by Moscow State University Rector Viktor Sadovnichy, MGIMO Rector Anatoly Torkunov, GITIS Rector Karina Melik-Pashaeva, as well as professors, teachers and students of secular and ecclesiastical universities in Moscow, student delegations from other regions of Russia. At the end of the liturgy, the young students continued their fellowship at student festivities near the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

holiday for all students. It is celebrated on January 25th. The history of this merry holiday has its roots in the distant past, when in 1755 Empress Elizaveta Petrovna signed the Decree on the formation of Moscow University. Later that day, the students ended their exams and the holidays began. Russian students celebrated this holiday noisily and cheerfully.

St. Tatiana's Day was celebrated in Russia for a long time. On this day, they commemorated the martyr Tatyana, who was raised by her father in the Christian faith. When this became known to the authorities, the girl was imprisoned, where she was subjected to terrible torture. They tried to force her to renounce her beliefs and make sacrifices to idols. To convince her as soon as possible, they beat her, cut her with razors, and gouged out her eyes. However, the martyr did not betray the faith in which she was brought up. Surprised by her stamina, many executioners converted to Christianity, for which they accepted death. Without breaking the will of the girl, the executioners beheaded her.

Tatyana was especially revered by the people. With the opening of Moscow University, Tatyana became the patroness of students. In addition, in translation from Greek, "Tatiana" is translated as "organizer" and Saint Tatiana arranged patronage for students. The combination of all these events in one day gave rise to a great celebration. Prayers were held among the students, in which the Holy Patroness was commemorated and thanks were given to her for her help in the successful development of sciences.

Then the festivities began. Students roamed the streets in noisy crowds. The famous restaurateur Olivier gave his entire establishment to students that day. Noisy feasts with solemn speeches ended well after midnight. It should be noted that even the police did not touch the students that day. After the revolution, the holiday tradition died out. In the era of communism, there was no concern for the Holy Martyr.

In 1995, the Church of St. Tatiana was reopened at Moscow University. An old tradition was revived. In the old building of the university on the day of the holiday, awards were presented. They were established in honor of M.V. Lomonosov and I.I. Shuvalov - the founders of the university. Russia again began to celebrate student day. After 11 years, in 2006, Tatyana's Day became the official state holiday of Russian students. Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a Decree on this.

Currently, the student holiday is celebrated in a slightly different way. Exams end earlier, students usually go home. But the solemn part with traditional mead necessarily takes place within the walls of the oldest Russian university. On the same day, especially distinguished students are awarded.