Construction of a veranda to the house with your own hands. Veranda attached to the house - design projects and decoration of a modern terrace (60 photos) Scheme of a frame veranda constructive

By building a veranda, you can make your home more beautiful and unique, as well as expand it usable area. But how to build it? The easiest way is to add a veranda to the housing project before construction begins - in this case, it will have a common foundation with the house and will be stronger.

However, if such an opportunity was missed, do not be upset, since it is absolutely possible to attach a veranda to the house after its construction is completed - you just need to study the technology of work and learn all the subtleties of the process. How to build a veranda correctly?

Veranda design

The first stage of any construction is the creation of a project; This stage is also important when constructing such a relatively simple structure as a terrace. You can draw up a detailed construction plan yourself, using various software. However, if you do not have special education, it is better to contact a design office for professional help.

Plan of walls and partitions of the first floor

Design can be divided into several separate stages.

Choosing a veranda type

A veranda attached to the house can have the most different type. All such structures can be divided into two types:

You can choose any option - the main thing is that the terrace fits organically into the overall exterior of the house and becomes its logical continuation.

Thematic material:

The form of construction also varies. The simplest and affordable option- This is an ordinary rectangular veranda. A rounded, curved design will be more complex. You can also add polygonal terraces to the house, running along one or several walls or even forming a whole belt around the entire house. It is not at all necessary to build a veranda near the front door, although this seems to be the most obvious solution.

Material selection

As a rule, the veranda is built from the same material from which the house is made: to a brick structure, to wooden house It’s better to build a veranda made of logs or timber. However, you should not rely on design compliance alone. To others important criterion when working, is how difficult the construction of the veranda will be.

The easiest way to build - an object made from it can be easily processed, the material allows you to easily implement many design ideas. You can also simply and inexpensively create a structure from modern materials: WPC, PVC, polycarbonate. For attaching concrete or metal veranda Your home will most likely require the help of specialists in various fields.

Construction site analysis

One of the most important tasks when designing a terrace is studying the technical nuances and bringing the characteristics of the future building into line with the conditions of the area. Several factors will affect the quality and durability of the structure:

soil type;
the condition of the building wall to which the veranda is planned to be attached;
climatic conditions in the region.

The maximum mass of the terrace, the complexity of the foundation, the need for insulation, and much more depend on these parameters.

Receiving documents

This point is very easy to lose sight of if all the work on building a terrace from start to finish is done independently. The veranda design and other technical documentation will help you obtain permission to change the design and technical certificate of the house. By law, construction approval is required by the following authorities:

local government;
fire safety authorities;
sanitary and epidemiological station.

It seems that since the built house and land are your property, you are free to do whatever you want with them - including adding a terrace. However, without all the permits and the presence of a documented project, the terrace will be legally illegal extension to the house. This will make it impossible to sell the object, donate it, or exchange it; It will also be impossible to get a bank loan using the house as collateral.

Construction of the foundation

Once the project is completed and all permits have been obtained, the actual construction work can begin. And their first part is the construction of a high-quality and reliable foundation. How to do this part of the building correctly?

The main requirement is this: the base of a closed or open veranda attached to a private house must correspond in its technical specifications the foundation of the main building. First of all, its depth should be the same. If this requirement is not met, when the air temperature drops due to uneven deformation of materials, parts of the house will separate, and a gap will appear between the terrace and the wall.

Attaching a new foundation to an old one is done in different ways, depending on how long ago the house was built.

A new house is usually in the process of shrinking, so a rigid connection will lead to the destruction of a less durable structure - most likely it will be a terrace. In this case, the veranda is built using the tongue-and-groove method - it will slide around the house as if on rails, and the difference in shrinkage rates will not harm the structure in any way.
If the house has been standing for a long time and the shrinkage has completed, a rigid connection of the terrace to it is allowed. In this case, a gasket made of waterproofing material (for example, roofing felt) is used and the joint is processed polyurethane foam.

It will not be possible to make the foundation unified if the terrace was not conceived at the design stage of the house, but nevertheless, you should try to combine the bases of the veranda and the house as efficiently as possible.

The type of foundation is selected depending on the design features of the terrace, primarily its mass, as well as the type of soil.

Formation of flooring

Whether the planned veranda is closed or its main attribute is complete openness, in any case, the floor of the terrace must be durable, warm and protected from destruction.

Most often, even if the rest of the veranda is made of concrete or brick, the floor is made of wood. This is due to both the practical and aesthetic properties of this material:

wood prevents heat from escaping into the ground;
it is durable;
wood is completely safe for health;
such a floor practically does not require decorative processing, since the material itself is very beautiful - you just need to cover it with a layer of varnish to protect it from damage.

The floor on the finished foundation is built in the following order.

All wooden elements verandas must be treated with antiseptic and antibacterial impregnations. This will protect the terrace floor from rotting, damage by fungi and other microorganisms, significantly extending its service life.

Walling

Walls, unlike the floor, are an optional attribute of attached verandas. Instead of them, it is quite possible to build a regular one. The veranda may not have any fencing at all - some projects for adding a veranda to the house involve the use of plants and hedges as a fence. If you plan to make full-fledged railings, walls and roofing, the next stage after the formation of the floor will be the construction of the frame.

A lightweight wooden frame is made like this.

Along the perimeter of the floor, beams are laid, connected to each other with a direct lock. Grooves should be made on them for attaching the racks in increments of about 50 cm.
The racks are fixed in the grooves using metal brackets.
The top of the racks is tied with timber.
We make rafters for the roof.

A lightweight metal frame is erected in a similar way. If the foundation allows, the frame can be made of concrete or brick. Thickness load-bearing elements designs may differ from the characteristics of the walls of the main house. Roof supports must be at least 1.5 bricks thick, fence posts must be 125 mm thick.

Terrace walls can be finished using a variety of materials:

wooden or plastic lining;
metal siding;
beam;
decorative brick and much more.

The main thing is compliance with the appearance of the house.

The walls of the veranda must be connected to the wall of the house in the same way as the foundations of the structures. For this purpose, steel embedded elements are used. They are fixed in the main wall using deep holes, and they are laid into the wall structures of the terrace at the construction stage and secured with cement-sand mortar.

If the veranda is made open, railings are erected instead of walls. They can also be made from wood, metal, WPC, brick or concrete. This type of fence consists of posts, balusters and railings.

Roofing works

The roof of the terrace can be removable, but it is better to securely fasten it to the frame if you plan to build a durable veranda. Like the floor, the main part of the roof is made of wood. The reliability and durability of the structure depend on how accurately the construction technology is followed.

The main terrace is a rafter system consisting of wooden beams and sheathing made of boards. The purpose of this system is to retain roofing material in place and withstand external influences - for example, precipitation pressure. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the rafters.

First of all, the rafters are processed antiseptics. Next, the following work is done.

After all the main elements of the veranda have been completed, all that remains is to make a few finishing touches - to do interior decoration, carry out electrical wiring and, if necessary, heating, install recreational furniture.

The listed construction work is only the basic part of the technology that any veranda extension requires. The remaining elements - stairs, decorative elements - are made in accordance with the project. Having built the main parts of the terrace, you can probably easily cope with the additional ones.

Order services from professionals

Don't have time to build yourself? Contact the following organizations.

By building a veranda, you can make your home more beautiful and unique, as well as expand its usable area. But how to build it? The easiest way is to add a veranda to the housing project before construction begins - in this case, it will have a common foundation with the house and will be stronger.

Veranda design

The first stage of any construction is the creation of a project; This stage is also important when constructing such a relatively simple structure as a terrace. You can draw up a detailed construction plan yourself using various software. However, if you do not have special education, it is better to contact a design office for professional help.

Plan of walls and partitions of the first floor

Design can be divided into several separate stages.

Choosing a veranda type

A veranda attached to a house can have a very different look. All such structures can be divided into two types:

You can choose any option - the main thing is that the terrace fits organically into the overall exterior of the house and becomes its logical continuation.

Thematic material:

The form of construction also varies. The simplest and most affordable option is a regular rectangular veranda. A rounded, curved design will be more complex. You can also add polygonal terraces to the house, running along one or several walls or even forming a whole belt around the entire house. It is not at all necessary to build a veranda near the front door, although this seems to be the most obvious solution.

Material selection

As a rule, the veranda is built from the same material from which the house is made: it is better to attach a veranda made of logs or timber to a brick building or a wooden house. However, you should not rely on design compliance alone. Another important criterion when working is how difficult the construction of the veranda will be.

It is the easiest thing to build - an object made from it can be easily processed, the material allows you to easily implement many design ideas. You can also simply and inexpensively create a structure from modern materials: WPC, PVC, polycarbonate. To attach a concrete or metal veranda to a house, you will most likely need the help of specialists in various fields.

Construction site analysis

soil type;
the condition of the building wall to which the veranda is planned to be attached;
climatic conditions in the region.

The maximum mass of the terrace, the complexity of the foundation, the need for insulation, and much more depend on these parameters.

Receiving documents

local government;
fire safety authorities;
sanitary and epidemiological station.

It seems that since the built house and land are your property, you are free to do whatever you want with them - including adding a terrace. However, without all the permits and a documented project, the terrace will be legally considered an illegal extension to the house. This will make it impossible to sell the object, donate it, or exchange it; It will also be impossible to get a bank loan using the house as collateral.

Construction of the foundation

The main requirement is this: the base of a closed or open veranda attached to a private house must correspond in its technical characteristics to the foundation of the main building. First of all, its depth should be the same. If this requirement is not met, when the air temperature drops due to uneven deformation of materials, parts of the house will separate, and a gap will appear between the terrace and the wall.

Attaching a new foundation to an old one is done in different ways, depending on how long ago the house was built.

A new house is usually in the process of shrinking, so a rigid connection will lead to the destruction of a less durable structure - most likely it will be a terrace. In this case, the veranda is built using the tongue-and-groove method - it will slide around the house as if on rails, and the difference in shrinkage rates will not harm the structure in any way.
If the house has been standing for a long time and the shrinkage has completed, a rigid connection of the terrace to it is allowed. In this case, a gasket made of waterproofing material (for example, roofing felt) is used and the joint is treated with polyurethane foam.

It will not be possible to make the foundation unified if the terrace was not conceived at the design stage of the house, but nevertheless, you should try to combine the bases of the veranda and the house as efficiently as possible.

The type of foundation is selected depending on the design features of the terrace, primarily its mass, as well as the type of soil.

Formation of flooring

Whether the planned veranda is closed or its main attribute is complete openness, in any case, the floor of the terrace must be durable, warm and protected from destruction.

Most often, even if the rest of the veranda is made of concrete or brick, the floor is made of wood. This is due to both the practical and aesthetic properties of this material:

wood prevents heat from escaping into the ground;
it is durable;
wood is completely safe for health;
such a floor practically does not require decorative treatment, since the material itself is very beautiful - you just need to cover it with a layer of varnish to protect it from damage.

The floor on the finished foundation is built in the following order.

All wooden elements of the veranda must be treated with antiseptic and antibacterial impregnations. This will protect the terrace floor from rotting, damage by fungi and other microorganisms, significantly extending its service life.

Walling

A lightweight wooden frame is made like this.

Along the perimeter of the floor, beams are laid, connected to each other with a direct lock. Grooves should be made on them for attaching the racks in increments of about 50 cm.
The racks are fixed in the grooves using metal brackets.
The top of the racks is tied with timber.
We make rafters for the roof.

A lightweight metal frame is erected in a similar way. If the foundation allows, the frame can be made of concrete or brick. The thickness of the load-bearing structural elements may differ from the characteristics of the walls of the main house. Roof supports must be at least 1.5 bricks thick, fence posts must be 125 mm thick.

Terrace walls can be finished using a variety of materials:

wooden or plastic lining;
metal siding;
beam;
decorative brick and much more.

The main thing is compliance with the appearance of the house.

The walls of the veranda must be connected to the wall of the house in the same way as the foundations of the structures. For this purpose, steel embedded elements are used. They are fixed in the main wall using deep holes, and in the wall structures of the terrace they are laid at the construction stage and secured with cement-sand mortar.

If the veranda is made open, railings are erected instead of walls. They can also be made from wood, metal, WPC, brick or concrete. This type of fence consists of posts, balusters and railings.

Roofing works

The main terrace is a rafter system consisting of wooden beams and sheathing made of boards. The purpose of this system is to hold the roofing material in place and withstand external influences - for example, precipitation pressure. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the rafters.

First of all, the rafters are treated with antiseptic agents. Next, the following work is done.

After all the main elements of the veranda have been completed, all that remains is to make a few finishing touches - do the interior decoration, install electrical wiring and, if necessary, heating, and install lounge furniture.

Order services from professionals

Don't have time to build yourself? Contact the following organizations.

A veranda is an extension to the main building, located so that the front door of the house is inside it. The veranda performs practical functions to protect the house and increase the area, as well as decorative ones - in summer time here you can spend time with family and friends.

Building a veranda frame for a house is not capital construction, therefore, with due seriousness to the matter, you can build it yourself. Since the room is not intended for heating, there is no need to design a full-fledged room with heating communications, and its design cannot be called complex. Here you will receive necessary instructions on how to create a veranda frame with your own hands, starting from the foundation and ending with the roof.

It’s great when the idea of creating a veranda came to your mind during the construction of the main building. Then you can immediately purchase building materials in the same style and include it in the main work plan. If this is not the case, you should think about the compatibility issue. For example, if the building is made of decorative brick, some elements of the veranda should also be built using bricks.

Preparation

How to make a veranda frame? The first step is to determine the size. As a rule, it is 4-6 meters long and about 2.5 wide. It should be adjacent to one of the existing entrances: the front entrance or the second one (for example, the exit from the kitchen to the garden).

Rice. 1. Veranda frame: photo

The area under the veranda is leveled by removing the top layer of earth (about 15 cm) in order to level it. Use a level. Next comes the marking of the horizontal and vertical boundaries of the future structure, and all dimensions must be perfectly adjusted. The strength and durability of your veranda depends on this.

To make markings, drive pegs in the required places and pull the cords.

Foundation

If the veranda is being built next to a previously erected building, it requires a separate foundation. As a rule, craftsmen choose the simplest but most reliable type of foundation - columnar. Brick pillars are laid under the corner posts, as well as at key points under the intermediate frame posts.

Rice. 2. Columnar foundation of the veranda

To lay the foundation, you must perform the following steps:

after determining the places for the pillars, holes about 1 m deep are dug at these points;
20 cm of sand is poured into the bottom of each hole to create a “cushion” for the pillars. If the soil in your area is too sandy, it is better to use crushed stone for these purposes and fill it with hot bitumen;
then the pit is filled with concrete, and its surface should be perfectly horizontal and flat;
A brick pillar of the planned height is erected on a hardened cement base. The floor of the extension should be 25-30 cm below the floor of the house. In this case, its roof will be under the overhang of the roof of the main building, and the height of its walls will approximately coincide with the height of the walls in the house;
the brick should be coated with bitumen and the entire soil should be covered with gravel or crushed stone to fill any voids.

Construction of a wooden frame

For making wooden frame under the veranda you will need a beam with a section of 100×100 or 120×120 mm. You can also use asymmetrical sizes, for example, 120x80 mm.

Fig.3. Veranda frame diagram

So, the timber veranda frame is built as follows:

The lower frame is installed on the base of the foundation pillars. For a reliable connection, its corners are mounted using the “half-tree with direct lock” technique;
the next step is cutting joists into the frame, which will become the basis for the floor;
50x50x50 mm “spikes” (special grooves) are prepared in advance for the racks;
the racks are attached to the harness with nails and reinforced staples;
When the racks are secured, proceed to the installation of the rafters and the top trim. The fastenings remain the same: nails, spikes, staples;
a horizontal beam (“purlin”) is attached to the ends of the rafters, which is placed directly under the roof slope and securely attached to the racks and the wall of the house using anchors;
the beams that support the rafters are one of the most important parts of the veranda frame, so their installation and installation must be carried out with special care. The beams should be firmly screwed to the wall of the house and reach the overhang of its roof so that the roof of the veranda fits tightly with the roof of the house.

Rice. 4. Fastening “half-tree with direct lock”

At this point, the construction of the wooden frame of the veranda can be considered complete. The frame of the open veranda is installed in exactly the same way; you can leave the construction of the walls at your discretion.

Metal frame for veranda

Previously, metal frames for building verandas were used extremely rarely, as they have low thermal insulation. However, thanks to modern technologies, today we can get a strong and durable foundation for an extension.

Rice. 5. Open veranda with a metal frame

Also, the veranda frame, made of metal, puts less pressure on the foundation due to its low weight. One of the advantages of technology metal frame– this is the use of thin-walled galvanized sigma profiles as its elements.

Features of installing a metal frame:

thanks to the use of bolts welding work optional;
installation can be carried out in any weather conditions;
all connections of such a frame are bolted, so you only need an adjustable wrench;
The main fastening of the beams is anchors, which are laid in the base of the foundation. If, during laying, the installation of anchors was not a priority, check bolts are used, and special holes are drilled in the concrete for them;
Sigma profiles are fastened using standard shaped products, which can be purchased at your local hardware store.

Roof installation

Installation pitched roof verandas are the most common among builders of suburban real estate. Of course, if you have extra time and imagination, you can build a roof to your liking. However, remember that this is the easiest for a beginner and reliable way installation

Rice. 6. Veranda roof made of polycarbonate

Some tips for installing a veranda roof:

Before installing the roof, a sheathing of edged boards is installed, laid either closely or at a minimum distance;
choose a roof in the same style and color as the roof of the main building;
when using roofing felt, the flooring will be continuous. In this case, it is nailed to the rafters with nails, the heads of which should be recessed as much as possible. Next, the roofing material is fixed with slats;
the roof is folded under the sheathing along the lower edge by about 10 cm;
sheets of metal roofing are connected using seam seams;
an abestos cement roof is installed with an overlap of up to 15 cm. Such a roof is secured with screws with holes prepared in advance for them.

Now you know how to build a veranda frame from wood or metal, lay its foundation and mount the roof. We wish you success in construction!

Attaching a warm veranda to the house will be more difficult, unlike the summer option. But a warm veranda can also be used as a living space and in this case it is more practical.

Today we will look at how to attach a warm veranda to your house, what materials can be used and you can make right choice. The video in this article will also help you make a smart choice.

The veranda is essentially integral part residential building, and therefore its style must correspond to the basic style. But this does not mean at all that you cannot attach a brick veranda to a wooden house and vice versa (see). The main thing is that the final result is correct.

If the veranda is covered with the same roofing material as the main housing, then we can safely say that the style of construction has been preserved. Likewise, building it yourself will make the structure cheaper, and the price here is also important and can be quite high.

Planning and legalization of the project

It is so designed that the veranda is always built in the area of the main entrance to the house, and this is absolutely logical: what is the point, and why build it in another place. The purpose of the veranda is to protect the main entrance from precipitation and wind. It seems like you can relax in it, especially in summer period when the heat outside subsides and all nature begins to revive.

So:

What size the future veranda will have depends on the wishes of the owners. As a rule, a family is limited to building no more than the main wall of the house and this is quite enough for the average family. In any case, the size of the veranda should be proportional to the size of the main housing: if the house is small, then why do you need a large veranda, and if the house has two floors, then what is the point of building a one-story veranda.
Whatever area the future veranda has, construction should be legalized. To do this, you will have to visit a special department that is developing relevant projects. After drawing up the project, you will have to visit the architectural department, where they will make changes to the house design and issue the appropriate building permit.

Attention: To avoid such red tape, it is better to plan the construction of a veranda at the planning stage of building a house. Even if there is not enough money to build it this year, you can safely build it next year. But it will take much less time to obtain permission and to draw a design for the veranda itself.

Marking and pouring the foundation

Once you have documents in hand indicating that construction is permitted, you can begin to prepare the site. To do this, they fence off the area according to the dimensions specified in the project, after which they remove the entire fertile layer of soil to a depth of 15 cm and transport it to the garden.

So:

As a rule, either a strip or columnar type of foundation is chosen. If the construction of the veranda is carried out after the construction of the house, then you will have to prepare a separate foundation for the veranda.
If at the stage of building a house, the project also includes the construction of verandas, then you can make one common foundation for the house and for the veranda, then unnecessary problems will not arise.

Attention: A separate foundation is built with a gap to the main one, equal to about 4 cm. When building a foundation for a veranda, you can use the old experience of building a foundation for a house. If you don’t have such experience, then you can hire builders.

Strip foundation

The strip type foundation is ideal for a veranda made of brick or foam blocks.

To obtain such a foundation, it is necessary to perform the following technological operations:

Dig a trench along the entire perimeter of the future building, according to the specified dimensions.
Formwork is installed from load-bearing wooden boards.
Prepare a concrete solution by combining components such as 1 part cement, 3 parts sand and 6 parts crushed stone.
The first layer of concrete is poured along the entire perimeter of the trench, after which it is reinforced with stones or broken bricks. You should get a layer of concrete about 10 cm thick.
Such operations will be repeated until the concrete layer is level with the ground level.
It is advisable to level the last layer with a trowel, after which the foundation is given time to set. This may take from 3 to 4 days.
In hot weather, it is advisable to moisten the foundation surface with water to prevent it from cracking.

Columnar foundation

The columnar type of foundation can be used if the building is light in weight. These are mainly wooden frame structures with lightweight roofs.

To have such a foundation, you need to carry out the following work:

Dig required quantity pits. There may be 4 or more of them, depending on the square footage of the building.
A layer of sand up to 50 mm thick is poured onto the bottom of each pit.
All holes are filled with concrete mortar at ground level.
The ground part can be laid with bricks, but before that, waterproofing is laid on the posts. The base of the veranda is aligned with the base of the main building.

Installation of subfloors

A warm veranda should prevent dampness and cold from the ground. Therefore, it is necessary to make a subfloor.

Technological stages:

The resulting underground space is filled with expanded clay or other material.
Two layers of roofing material are laid on the foundation for waterproofing.
Placed on the foundation wooden joists, treated with an antiseptic.
The subfloor is laid from edged boards, 50 mm thick.

Attention: If the veranda is built of brick, then you can make concrete floors. They are more durable than wooden ones, especially if thermal insulation is provided.

Construction of a wooden veranda frame

Building a wooden veranda is not so difficult if you follow some recommendations:

The lower frame, consisting of 100x100 mm beams, is laid on the subfloor and nailed. The beams are also fastened at the joints made in half a tree.
Grooves are cut in the beams of the lower trim for installing vertical posts. The distance between the grooves may vary, but not less than 50 cm.
Vertical posts are installed in the grooves and securely fixed with nails. Each rack must be aligned using a building level or plumb line.
The upper trim bars are mounted on top of the racks. They are attached in the same way as the bars of the lower trim.
A purlin beam is nailed to the wall of the house, intended for fastening the rafters. The purlin beam is attached to the wall of the house using anchor bolts, like all wooden elements adjacent to the house.
The rafter system is installed and secured.
All wooden products should be coated with an antiseptic.

Roof structure

Since this is essentially an extension to the main building, the roof will be pitched:

Design rafter system looks like a soul mate gable roof, while the slope angle of such a roof will be slightly less. Since the veranda is not a living space, it makes no sense to insulate the ceiling and walls.
If you plan to equip the veranda as part of the living space, then you will have to carry out all the thermal insulation measures, from floor insulation to roof insulation.

Wall cladding and installation of windows and doors

After the frame is mounted, you can proceed to the next stage, which is sewing up the frame structure.

Considering the fact that the veranda can be glazed along the entire perimeter, a window sill board is installed wherever windows are installed. In the veranda it is simply necessary, for example, for installing trays of flowers or seedlings.
After this, you can sew up the openings between the vertical posts with plywood, OSB sheets or planed boards no more than 20 mm thick. This operation is carried out both outside and inside the building.
After all, you will end up with a room in which only window and door openings remain. Subsequently, they need to be installed window frames And door leaf with box.
According to modern technology for installing windows and doors, they are installed, positioned as expected, fixed, and the spaces between the frames are foamed with polyurethane foam. It provides a reliable and tight, and not rigid connection.

Features of building a veranda made of bricks or blocks

A brick veranda can suit any house, wooden or brick. The whole question is what and how such a veranda will be finished. In this case, it will be better if the same technologies are used.

When building this type of veranda, you should use the following tips:

For such a building, it is better to pour a strip foundation.
You can do the laying yourself, so the construction is not very responsible. As a last resort, you can hire a craftsman or a team.
For such a construction, a half-brick masonry will be sufficient.
Subsequently, the veranda can be insulated, both outside and inside, and also lined with appropriate materials.

As a rule, the question is raised about whether it is worth insulating the veranda? It’s worth it if you want to make the veranda warm, but if you don’t have such a desire and the funds don’t allow it, then it’s not necessary. A warm veranda will cost much more than a cold one, especially since hardly anyone will live in it, although this option should not be discarded.

Floor insulation

Thermal insulation of the veranda from the floor is extremely important. After all, this is a rather large plane. As mentioned above, before you start insulating the floor in the veranda, you need to think carefully about whether it is worth spending additional money. The fact is that a warm or cold veranda is unlikely to affect the microclimate in the residential building as a whole.

But if you plan to give the veranda to children so that they can organize game room or, if there is a lack of living space, then it makes sense to install heating in such a veranda, which means that serious insulation measures will have to be carried out in the veranda and should begin from the floor.
In this case, the floor can contain at least three layers: a subfloor, a layer of insulation and a finished floor, and a facing layer consisting of laminate, linoleum, carpet, etc. is mounted on top of the finished floor.

How to insulate walls

The question of how and with what the veranda will be insulated from the inside must be resolved at the design stage, so as not to later break what has already been built. In this case, it all depends on what the veranda is built from: if the veranda is wooden, then one approach, and if it is brick or block, then a completely different one.

If, then before sewing up the gaps between the vertical beams, a layer of insulation is laid between these same beams, with a thickness equal to the thickness of the beams. In this case, beams with a cross section of 100x100 mm were used. After sewing up the walls of the veranda, you get this kind of sandwich: wooden board or plywood, a layer of insulation and again a wooden board and plywood.
If the veranda is brick or block, then a layer of insulation should be laid between the brick wall and the cladding layer, both from the inside and outside of the veranda.
From the inside, such a veranda can be finished in several ways, using frame structures such as plasterboard, plastic lining or MDF lining.
Frame structures make it possible to place the required layer of insulation between brick wall And facing material.
As a material for insulation, you can use mineral wool or polystyrene foam boards, cut to the appropriate dimensions of the lathing cells.

Ceiling insulation on the veranda

If the veranda is warm, then special measures should be taken to insulate the ceiling:

The hydrobarrier is installed first, then the surface is covered with beams with a cross-section of 27x27 mm. The beams are nailed at intervals of 0.8 meters. The seams obtained when laying the hydrobarrier are glued with metal tape.
The gaps between the beams are filled with foam sheets. They are fixed in relation to the surface using screws with wide hat. “Ecofol” is laid on top of the penoplex sheets and fixed with a stapler. Subsequently, this “pie” is pressed with a blockhouse, plywood or OSB sheets.

How to insulate a summer veranda

If the veranda is an extension to the house and it is decided to insulate it, then there is a high probability that it will have to be disassembled and then reassembled, but after carrying out comprehensive insulation measures. In any case, work should begin with the floor, namely with its disassembly.

After this, the underground space will need to be filled with expanded clay, and then covered with a subfloor. The insulation layer in the veranda can reach 100 mm, after which the finished floor is laid. When laying insulation, it is advisable to ensure that the insulation is laid as tightly as possible.
The ceiling is insulated with the same “pie”: a waterproofing barrier is laid on the rafters, a layer of insulation is attached, a vapor barrier is mounted, and decorative material is sewn on.
Using this same technology, the walls of the veranda are also insulated. If the veranda was cold, then it is likely that the walls were covered with wooden shelving on only one side. The challenge is to add an insulating layer in the spaces between wooden beams holes and sew it up on one more side.
If necessary, you will have to change everything wooden frames with glass on plastic windows with a single glass unit, otherwise the insulation effect will not work. This can also be said about entrance doors, which must have insulation.

Attention: If you approach the problem of insulation comprehensively, you can achieve the maximum effect.

Features of insulation from the outside

To get truly energy-efficient housing, it is necessary to insulate the veranda and the outside:

As mentioned above, the veranda can be brick, block and wood. Each of these structures requires its own approach to installing insulation.
A veranda made of bricks or blocks can be insulated in two widely used ways: by installing a ventilated facade or by covering it with foam plastic or polystyrene foam boards, followed by finishing with decorative plaster. Both methods are simple and therefore very popular.
The ventilated facade is mounted as follows: lathing is placed on the walls of the veranda, in increments of about 40 cm. The lathing can be either horizontal or vertical. It all depends on the facing material used.
If you plan to install siding, then the sheathing will be vertical, if the plastic lining will be either vertical or horizontal. The point is that plastic lining can be mounted both vertically and horizontally.
Any of the suitable insulation materials are installed in the spaces between the sheathing. This can be mineral wool or polystyrene foam boards. They should be well secured to the base.
There must be a ventilated space between the insulation layer and the cladding. It will allow excess moisture to evaporate, which means that this border will always be dry.
In conclusion, it should be recalled that work must be carried out only with working tools and with protective equipment, such as goggles, gloves, special shoes and a hat, not counting work clothes. Special attention You should pay attention to working with power tools, without which no construction site can do. It is especially necessary to monitor the serviceability of plugs, sockets, and connecting cables.

Now you can imagine how to build a warm veranda for your home. First of all, you need to choose the right material. The interior of a warm veranda can be selected after construction from a photo. The main thing is to correctly determine the dimensions and components, and the instructions will help you in this matter.

Owners of private houses and summer cottages strive to make their properties as comfortable as possible for relaxation. Terraces are designed for this purpose, allowing you to enjoy fresh air and a view of the garden in comfortable conditions. If such a recreation area is not provided at the design stage of the house, it can always be created later. Building a terrace with your own hands is not an easy process, but if you have step by step instructions Any owner can handle it.

What is a terrace and its types

In manuals on the construction of residential buildings, a terrace is a flooring that is raised above the ground level and has a supporting base. In dictionaries it is characterized as a summer building without walls, which can be with or without a roof.

Often a terrace is confused with a veranda and they do not understand the difference between these two structures. The first thing you need to pay attention to when understanding this issue is the presence of a common foundation with the building. The terrace can be built next to the house or at a distance from it: near a pond, above the river bank, anywhere on the site. The veranda always has common structural elements with the building: walls or foundation.

Several types of terraces have been invented and classified, each of which has its own advantages. Diversity constructive solutions recreation areas allows you to choose good option for a specific situation.

Types of terraces by type of construction

Terraces are classified according to two main criteria:

degree of protection from the environment;
location.

In accordance with the first criterion, three types of structures are distinguished: open, semi-open and closed.

Open

The simplest design, protected only from precipitation. It is a platform raised above ground level on which supports are located that support a canopy or roof. The interior space of such a terrace is accessible to all winds. If it is attached to the house, it has a common wall with it.

Open terraces are built in quiet, sunny places; they are great for areas near the pool, and it is pleasant and safe to walk barefoot on the decking floor.

Half-open

The terrace is a little more complex in its design. It differs from the open one by the presence of 1 to 3 walls. They can be completely or partially continuous. Railings with balusters are installed along the perimeter or on 1–2 sides. Feature semi-open terraces - one solid wall protecting the recreation area from the wind. Most often this element of the structure is the wall of the house.

Ideal as an extension to a bathhouse, used for sunbathing

Closed

The terrace is maximally protected from wind and precipitation. It can fully be called a veranda if it has a common foundation or walls with the house. Most often, panoramic glazing is installed in such recreation areas, allowing you to enjoy nature in the most comfortable conditions. On the terraces closed type access is always provided fresh air. For this purpose, they install sliding doors, opening windows, hatches in the roof or canopy.

You can relax on the closed terrace even in winter or arrange a mini-greenhouse

Types of terraces by location

An important classification feature of terraces is location. The complex depends on it construction work and the choice of materials for the construction of the building.

Ground

The floor of such a terrace is not wood flooring, and the base is made of mineral or synthetic, non-hygroscopic materials. The middle part of the structure (between the floor and the roof) can be open, semi-open or closed. This is an expensive construction, which is its main disadvantage. To reduce construction costs, it is recommended to raise the floor above ground level by no more than 4–5 cm. Otherwise, ground terraces have many advantages:

easy to use;
provide ample opportunities for the design of interior and exterior spaces;
aesthetically attractive.

are built on a sand and gravel “cushion” that compensates for seasonal soil movements caused by the processes of freezing and thawing;
paving is in progress paving slabs or porcelain stoneware;
a slope is formed around the perimeter for water drainage;
for the same purpose, the floor has a slope of 2–3°;
There are no curbs for structures of this type.

A ground terrace is quickly installed and inexpensive

Ground

Ground terraces are otherwise called “ground-adjacent”. They are fundamentally different from soil-type structures. In the case of above-ground flooring, it is located a short distance from the ground and is a flooring made of wood or other materials. Terraces of this type are built anywhere on the site. Unlike ground ones, they do not require a significant amount of excavation work and are easier and faster to construct.

Flaws:

lack of high-quality ventilation of the space under the flooring, which leads to gradual dampening of the materials from which it is made;
the impossibility of installing a canopy or roof if there is no support for them nearby (the walls of the house). Terraces located away from buildings are protected from precipitation by umbrella-type structures or canopies, the supports of which are located outside the decking.

Construction highlights:

the soil is compacted to form a slight slope to drain rainwater;
a mandatory design element is drainage, which ensures the durability of the materials from which the flooring is made;
on moving soils, a thin concrete slab is poured under the drainage layer;
Installation of flooring joists is possible on support posts, which will improve the situation with ventilation of the space under the floor.

Under finishing the flooring must be provided with voids for natural air circulation - this will prevent rotting of the joists and extend the service life of the structure

Exalted

The most popular type of terraces. Structures of this type are erected at a distance of 15–40 cm from the ground level. The base is a gravel-sand “pillow” and supports in the form of columns. It is possible to install a shallow strip foundation. Unlike the two previous types of terraces (ground and ground), the floor is not a flooring, but power frame, sheathed on the outside finishing material. Elevated structures have no disadvantages.

Advantages:

the possibility of installing a roof or canopy regardless of whether the terrace is attached to the house or located at a distance from it;
there is no need to carry out a large amount of excavation work;
choice of open, semi-open or closed terrace design.

Construction highlights:

the supports are installed on a stable base: a concrete “pillow”;
it is possible to use screw piles;
When installing a strip foundation, it is necessary to provide vents to ensure ventilation of the space under the floor.

Elevated terraces are the best option for difficult terrain or placement near a body of water

Overhanging

The most complex structures in terms of design and construction. Installation of such terraces is carried out only by specialists with experience in performing this type of work. Typical schemes and there are no calculations for overhanging terraces. Each structure is built according to individual project. The main and only drawback of overhanging terraces is their high cost.

Advantages:

provide a spectacular “floating” view of the landscape;
are built using the latest technologies, which guarantees the strength and durability of structures;
safe;
convenient to use.

Overhanging terraces are often found in mountain resort areas, in areas with a significant slope

What to build a terrace from

Wide selection building materials allows you to build a terrace for any budget. Specialized products are also sold, such as terrace board from Siberian larch. This material is treated with impregnations that increase moisture resistance and is suitable for constructing open-type structures.

Base and floor

The base of the attached terrace must be of such a height that the flooring with the facing material (if any) is 2–3 cm below the floor level of the living premises. This small difference will prevent rainwater and melted snow from entering the house. This requirement does not apply to free-standing structures.

There are several types of terrace base:

screw piles;
concrete tape;
pillars made of brick or concrete.

The first option is most successful when the terrain of the area where the terrace will be located is difficult. Screw piles are screwed to the required depth so that the heads are in the same horizontal plane. If necessary, trunks metal supports trimmed using a grinder. Piles with a diameter of 10.8 cm and a blade cross-section of 30 cm are suitable as a foundation for the terrace. Supports are installed every 200 cm along the length of the building and every 150 cm along its width.

When installing supports of any type, it is necessary to form a shock-absorbing “cushion” consisting of a 5–10 cm layer of sand and 10–15 cm of medium-fraction crushed stone (20x40 mm). Each layer is compacted, while the sand is watered.

cement M400;
gravel or crushed stone;
sifted quarry sand (river sand is not used to prepare the solution).

The maximum distance between the logs is 40 cm, then finishing coat will not bend and will withstand all weight loads

Frame

The design of the terrace frame consists of three main elements:

strapping, which is laid on supports;
flooring, which is the floor of the building;
supports to support a roof or canopy.

The lower trim is made of timber with a section of 100x100 or 150x150 mm. The larger the terrace, the stronger the timber needed. Wood in mandatory coated with 1–2 layers of a solution that prevents rotting and increases moisture resistance. The optimal choice is fire-bioprotective compounds:

"Senezh Ognebio";
"Senezh Ognebio PROF";
Neomid 450;
Pirilax.

Roof supports can be wooden (timber) or metal (profiled or round pipes). The metal is coated with a layer of anti-corrosion protection: special solutions or moisture-resistant paints. To ensure stability of the supports, the top frame is made of wooden or metal products, in accordance with the design of the terrace.

The frame design also includes crossbars installed between the supports of the upper frame. They are designed to hold the canopy and prevent sagging.

Connecting and fastening elements required:

metal perforated corners and plates;
studs or brackets for fixing the bottom trim to the base (pillars or concrete strip);
screws and nails.

All wooden structural elements must be impregnated with antiseptics or coated with varnish for exterior use or weather-resistant paint

Canopy

The aesthetic appeal of the terrace largely depends on what and how the canopy is built. This structural element not only performs decorative role: he protects interior space from precipitation. The following materials are used to build a canopy:

polycarbonate;
roofing, similar to those with which the roof is lined (this technique is effective when constructing terraces attached to the house);
boards, sanded and treated with fire-bioprotection;
high strength glass.

There are two possible canopy design options:

continuous, consisting of several canvases or sections of material forming a monolith;
sliding

The second option is distinguished by a wide variety of design solutions. The most convenient to use are sliding canopies controlled using automation. These are expensive structures, the design and installation of which are carried out by specialists.

The canopy of a closed terrace can be insulated mineral wool or polystyrene foam.

For installation of a light canopy made of roll material no need for heavy supports

Partitions

The designs of semi-open and closed terraces involve the installation of partitions located along one or more walls of the building. These can be railings with balusters, jibs or solid panels.

Only durable materials are suitable for the construction of partitions: wood or metal. Railings with balusters can be forged, painted in any color you like. Wooden carvings are also popular.

Suitable for constructing solid partitions:

boards;
moisture-resistant plywood;
flat slate;
polycarbonate;
sandwich panels.

The choice of material depends on the type of terrace and its design.

The openwork partition makes the terrace lighter and more elegant, highlights and refreshes the interior

How to build a terrace with your own hands

Having familiarized yourself with information about all the nuances of choosing materials and technology for constructing terraces different types, every owner will be able to make a durable and aesthetically attractive extension to the house or a free-standing structure.

Drawings and projects

When choosing a terrace project, the first thing to consider is its size. Based on reviews from owners of houses with such extensions, several conclusions can be drawn:

a terrace with a length of 250 cm is optimal for 3-4 people on it at the same time and a minimum amount of small-sized furniture;
comfortable length - 300–350 cm.

When choosing the size of an extension, you can focus on the standard dimensions of terraces in Europe and the USA:

minimum width - 181 cm;
recommended length - 304 cm;
the flooring is 2.5–4 cm below the floor level in the house.

The easiest way is to build a terrace, which is planned at the design stage of the house. The attached documentation will indicate necessary materials, their sizes, methods of connection and fastening.

The terrace, designed together with the house, will form a single ensemble with the main building

At independent design terraces adhere to several recommendations:

the drawing is drawn up on graph paper on a scale of 1:20;
measurements of the territory are carried out using a tape measure, level or range finder;
take into account the need to slope the flooring in the direction from the wall of the house;
indicate the dimensions of each structural element.

An open terrace can be built on any side of the building. The floor is made of dirt or in the form of flooring.

Using special design applications, you can create a three-dimensional model of the future terrace on your computer.

A closed terrace requires a reinforced, durable frame with the possibility of insulation.

For a closed terrace it is necessary to provide a doorway

To install a free-standing terrace, you can take as a basis one of the simplest projects in terms of design and construction.

A separate terrace in the garden or by the pool will become a favorite relaxation spot for the whole family

Having built a semi-open terrace with a canopy for the summer, you can, if desired, cover it with walls made of boards or other available materials

Wooden with canopy

The most popular way of arranging recreation areas is the construction of wooden terraces. They are durable, easy to install and beautiful in appearance.

To build a wooden terrace you will need:

bricks for support posts;
timber 100x100 or 150–150 (for the frame);
boards or OSB sheets thickness 12–16 mm (for flooring);
corrugated sheet or other roofing material (for a canopy);
wooden bars for railings;
balusters;
fire-bioprotective solution;
cement M400 and sand for preparing a binder for laying bricks.

Semi-open wooden terraces built from logs are presentable. A similar effect can be achieved by building solid walls from OSB or boards and covering them with a blockhouse.

Tools needed:

wood hacksaw;
circular saw;
screwdriver or drill;
container for preparing cement-sand mortar;
paint brush.

A surface planer is used to calibrate lumber.

Preparing the base and floor

Mark the area, noting the location of each column. The optimal distance between them is 150–200 cm.
Dig holes 30–40 cm deep.
Compact the bottom of the hole.
Pour 5–10 cm of sand onto the bottom, spill it with water and compact it.
Pour a 10–15 cm layer of gravel. They compact it.
The first row of bricks is laid on the cement-sand mortar.
Continue laying until the pillars of the required height are built.
Lay the bottom trim made of timber on the pillars. The elements are connected to each other using the tongue-and-groove method or using metal corners. When building attached terraces, the frame is not attached to the wall of the house. This will prevent the deck from skewing during shrinkage of the building. Terraces connected to the building are installed only if there is a single foundation for the house and the extension.
Installation of logs.
Cover the bottom trim with the selected material: OSB or boards.

The basis for the logs are concrete point support blocks; they are inexpensive and easy to install

Construction of the frame

The terrace frame is a complex of vertical wooden beams, top trim made of timber and crossbars.

Install corner supports for the canopy.
They are connected to the wall of the house, taking into account the required roof slope angle: at least 4–5°.
Install intermediate supports. They are connected to each other by a horizontally laid beam of the upper trim.
If the terrace is semi-open, install railings and balusters.

The pitched roof of the wooden terrace at an angle will ensure natural drainage of water from the canopy

Canopy

The installation of a canopy involves mounting the selected material onto a frame. The canvases are laid starting from one of the sides of the structure from its lower part. The need for overhangs 4–5 cm wide is taken into account. Sheets of roofing material are fixed with self-tapping screws with a press washer. At the final stage, a gutter is installed.

Polycarbonate

Polycarbonate is durable and durable material with good light transmission. It is perfect for installing a canopy over the terrace. Those who have already made a similar design are advised to buy colored polycarbonate rather than transparent, as it better protects the interior of the extension from the hot rays of the sun.

Required materials and tools

An example of calculating materials for a terrace measuring 615x350 cm:

timber 200x150x350 mm for mounting the frame - 11 pcs.;
timber 100x100x350 mm - 18 pcs.;
logs 50x100x350 mm - 8 pcs.;
moisture-resistant plywood 1220x2440 mm for flooring - 22–25 sheets;
linoleum for flooring;
slats 50x50 cm for sheathing the canopy;
6 mm thick cellular polycarbonate for a canopy;
OSB 9 mm thick for wall construction.

Tools needed:

circular saw;
screwdriver;
hacksaw;
hammer;
paint brush.

Preparing the base and floor

A polycarbonate terrace can be built on a columnar, slab or strip foundation. The choice of foundation type depends on the expected weight of the future building. Polycarbonate is a lightweight material and will not put a significant load on the structure. Therefore, the base can be made adjacent to the ground.

Stages of ground foundation construction:

They mark the site and find the corner points of the future building.
Level the soil and form a slope to drain water. Compact the soil with a vibrating plate.
Make a sandy layer 7–10 cm thick and pour it with water from a hose. Level taking into account the slope and compact.
In a similar way, a gravel “pillow” 7–15 cm thick is formed.
Every 120–150 cm, longitudinal depressions (3–5 cm deep) are made in the gravel layer for drainage.
The logs are laid in increments of 150–200 cm.
The flooring is formed from boards, plywood or OSB.

Construction of the frame

A lightweight polycarbonate terrace does not require powerful supports. Therefore, the optimal choice would be a beam with a cross section of 100x100 mm. Vertical supports are installed on the flooring and connected by crossbars of the upper trim. For greater stability of the frame, you can install jibs on the walls, which will simultaneously serve decorative elements buildings.

The frame for the polycarbonate terrace is made lighter, it is advisable to take into account the dimensions standard sheets material

Canopy and walls

The width of the polycarbonate sheet is 210 cm, length - 300 and 600 cm. It is important to lay the sheets vertically, in the direction of water flow. To install a canopy made of this material, the following list of works is sequentially performed:

The blades are cut using a circular or band saw or jigsaw.
lay the first sheet on the selected side of the canopy, with the side of the polycarbonate protected from UV rays facing up, towards the sun.
Fasten the canvas using self-tapping screws with thermal washers so that the fasteners fit strictly vertically (pitch 60–70 mm).
Install the remaining polycarbonate sheets.
Close end cuts special strips.

If the terrace project involves the construction of walls, the most suitable ones are chosen for their construction. suitable material: boards, OSB, plywood.

Polycarbonate is available in a wide range of shades, which gives designers the opportunity to create different color schemes

Arrangement and decor

The most impressive in appearance and comfortable for relaxation are closed terraces with panoramic glazing. They have all the advantages of open structures (full view of the landscape, good lighting) and at the same time provide reliable protection from wind and precipitation.