Working pressure hvs and hot water. What should be the pressure of the supplied hot and cold water

Weak pressure cold water- a nuisance familiar to almost all residents of the upper floors of apartment buildings. Its reason is trivial - low water pressure. This phenomenon provokes a lot of temporary or even permanent inconveniences, so it is not surprising that many apartment owners ask a fair question: is it possible to increase the cold water pressure? The answer is unequivocal - you can. But you only need to do it wisely. How? To understand, let's look at everything in order: what should be the water pressure according to GOST standards, how to measure its indicators, what deviations from the norm affect and what methods of increasing the pressure in the apartment exist.

What are the norms of water pressure?

First, let's figure it out theoretical foundations... So, the pressure of the water flow in the network is measured either in bars or in atmospheres - these measuring units are practically identical. It is accepted that 1 bar or 1 atm creates 10 m of water column.

According to building codes SNiP 2.04.02-84, cold water pressure in multi-storey building should be in the range from 0.3 atm to 6 atm - these are the extreme allowed pressure indicators at the entrance to the apartment.

In addition, there is a scheme for calculating the pressure for a specific floor. So, at the common entrance to an apartment building, the water pressure should be 1 atm or 10 m of the column, and with each subsequent floor, 4 m of the column should be added to it. Calculation for a 14-storey building: 10+ (4x14) = 66 m or 6.6 atm. Since in in this case the indicator is higher than the norm, at the entrance to the apartment the pressure must be lowered to the permissible level.

Decrease in water pressure interferes with the operation of household appliances

In apartment buildings, the need to lower the pressure occurs extremely rarely - more often the reverse procedure is required, that is, an increase. What happens if you neglect it? Low pressure indicators of cold water are fraught not only with discomfort for households, but also with more serious and even costly consequences: household appliances, breakdown home equipment, burnout of heating elements of technology.

How much pressure should be in practice?

The fact that the minimum pressure can be 0.3 atm does not mean that this indicator is sufficient for full use. cold water... No household appliance will simply not function at such a low head, therefore, even if in theory you absolutely fit into the norms, in practice everything may not be so attractive.

At any standard apartment there is a mass of household equipment that works with water: from and ending with a jacuzzi. These devices, depending on the power, put forward their own requirements for the pressure of the incoming water:

dishwasher and washing equipment - 2 atm;
heating boiler - 2.5-3 atm;
shower with hydromassage - 3.5-4 atm;
Jacuzzi - 4 atm.

Advice. When buying household appliances, choose a model with a small pressure reserve - about 1-1.5 atm - this will allow it to withstand potential water hammer without any problems.

Practice shows that the optimal cold water pressure for an apartment is 4-5 atm.

How to find out the pressure?

To understand how strongly the cold water pressure in your apartment deviates from the norm, you need to accurately determine its value. To do this, you need a special water pressure gauge. If it is already installed at the inlet of the water pipe to the apartment, consider yourself lucky - it remains only during the day to monitor the pressure indicators and, based on them, derive the average indicator. Capture data four times a day: early morning, afternoon, evening and night. Then add up the numbers and divide by four.

Water pressure gauge

And if the basic pressure gauge is not initially installed, you will have to tinker with the measuring structure with your own hands. To do this, you will need:

pressure gauge;
adapter - 0.5 inches;
thread extension;
fum tape.

The procedure is simple:

Screw the thread extension onto the pressure gauge outlet and cover it with fum tape.
Take the shower hose and unscrew the shower head.
Switch the water from the main tap to the shower to expel air from the hose.
Screw the pressure gauge back into place.
Open the water supply and measure the pressure.

For the accuracy of measurements, it is recommended to check with a homemade device also four times a day. Operating with the measurement results, it will be easier for you to determine how much you need to increase the pressure and what methods can be used for this.

Why is the pressure low?

Before proceeding with the installation of auxiliary equipment for increasing the cold water pressure, you should find out why your home has a low water pressure. There may be several reasons. Some of the most common:

Contamination of pipes with hard deposits and debris. To fix the problem, you should clean the risers, and in case of large-scale blockages, replace them.
Dirt in the coarse filter device. To fix the problem, you need to clean or replace the special mesh on the filter.

If neither the pipes nor the filter are clogged, ask the neighbors if they have similar difficulties with water: if the answers are positive, then there are problems at the general distribution station, and if negative - specifically in the piping of your apartment.

Pump installation diagram

And only after you are sure that the problem of low pressure is exclusively local in nature, that is, it concerns your home, and is not associated with any contamination of the pipeline, you can proceed to active actions to increase the pressure of the cold water supply.

How to increase the pressure?

There are two ways to increase the cold water pressure:

Circulation pump - will increase the pressure by 1-1.5 atm.
Pumping station - makes it possible to increase the pressure of the cold water supply by more than 1.5 atm.

In most cases, you can fix the problem of low water pressure using the first option - circulation pump... This device does not take up much space, makes almost no noise and uses energy economically. The pump is installed at the pipeline inlet to the apartment. The unit can be of two types:

Automated - equipped with a flow sensor that reacts to the movement of water: when the mixer opens, the pump turns on, and when the mixer closes, the device also turns off automatically.
Manual - does not have a flow sensor, so it can only be turned on and off manually.

Advice. During the installation of the pump, the most important thing is not to confuse the direction of the water flow. To correctly install the device, place it exactly in the position indicated in the instructions.

If you find yourself in that extremely rare situation when the circulation pump cannot provide the optimal water pressure, there is only one option left - a pumping station. This is a fairly large piece of equipment, so be prepared to say goodbye to some useful space in your home. The station will cost more than a conventional pump, but you will get the most powerful automatic equipment. The installation of the unit includes three main stages:

connecting the pump to the water intake point and to the water supply point;
installation of a storage tank;
connecting the accumulator.

As you can see, even with such a serious nuisance as low water pressure in an apartment, you can cope on your own. Before you are all the stages of solving the problem - from measuring pressure to installing auxiliary equipment, so all that remains is to competently perform all the work, and then you can enjoy the benefits of civilization without restrictions.

Increasing the water pressure in the apartment: video

Water pressure in the apartment: photo

One way or another, every tenant of a "high-rise building" is faced with such a problem as non-observance of the current standards for water pressure in the water supply system in the apartment.

The crux of the problem is that tap water flows very slowly, and a person has to spend a lot of time to perform the most common hygiene procedures. Today we will tell you about what norms regarding the supply of hot and cold water are currently in force and what measures a citizen should take in this case to protect his rights as a consumer.

This information is not secret, and you can easily find it on the Internet. If the user does not have access to the network, then you can contact the UK and get the necessary information there.

Knowledge of the exact pressure that must be present when water enters a dwelling is required to perform the following actions:

preventing the occurrence of problems associated with the breakdown of various connections, couplings, valves that make up the equipment;
an exception possible breakdowns plumbing fixtures;
finding out the cause of system malfunctions and reducing the water pressure;
to connect new equipment and sanitary ware with a higher level of water consumption.

In case of violation of the standards installed equipment will quickly become unusable, an emergency will arise, and consumers will not be able to receive water in the prescribed volume.

Provisions governing the regulation of water supply

The main document responsible for compliance with the norms for the flow of water into apartments is SNiP 2.04.2-84. According to the regulation, projects of future systems are being developed and further pressure indicators are determined that should be present in each apartment.

For example, on the 1st floor, the pressure should be equal to 1 atmospheric unit (bar). That is, for an area of 1 sq. meter will be pressured by a column of water of 10 m. Indicators in MKD and in a private house are slightly different. In the first case, for each new floor, the inlet pressure increases by 4 m, or by 0.4 bar. As an example, let's make a simple pressure calculation for a 9-storey building:

10 + (4 * 9) = 46 meters, or 4.6 bar, for comparison, let's give a calculation for a 3-storey building: 10 + (4 * 3) = 22 meters, or 2.2 bar, which is half the size.

The obtained indicators are the minimum values \ u200b \ u200bof the water pressure on the first floors of each of the buildings. For private houses, everything is somewhat different, since such buildings usually do not exceed two floors. For this reason, the minimum value in them is equal to 2 atmospheres.

Exact indicators at which household appliances will work

If you are guided by the above SNiP, then the pressure norms in the MKD will operate as follows:

In case of violation of the standards, citizens living in the premises have the right to lodge a complaint with the Criminal Code to perform a recalculation Money. An important point is also the fact that plumbing equipment can function normally only at a certain pressure in the pipes. Each device requires its own indicator, namely:

equipment identification	Indicators, bar
Washbasin + mixer	0,2
Bath + mixer	0,3
Shower cabin	0,3
Toilet + cistern	0,2
Bidet	0,3
Jacuzzi and hydromassage device	4
Washing machine	2
Dishwasher	1,5
Boiler	1,5-2,5
Watering system in a private house	3,5

In other words, in order for all the equipment installed in the apartment to function normally, the pressure in the pipes must be at least 2 atmospheric units. Optimal indicator the mark is considered to be 4 bars.

Ways to find out the pressure in the water supply and identify the culprit

You can measure the pressure in the system using a household appliance connected to a water source - a manometer. For example, by connecting a device to a mixer, it will be possible to easily get the current value and compare it with the current standard. If the indicator does not match, then this speaks of two possible options: the pressure of the water supply from the common system or the mixer is clogged and needs to be cleaned.

If there is no pressure gauge, then you can use the old proven method - a transparent hose. For normal operation, the pressure is sufficient, at which the 3 liter can will be filled through the hose within 7 seconds.

When the problem lies in an ordinary blockage, it is enough to eliminate it so that the normal flow of water resumes, but it also happens that a weak pressure is the fault of the UK, which does not monitor the quality of the pump or the condition of pipes and risers in the house. In the latter case, you will have to file a complaint with management company, and if the malfunction is not eliminated, then to the prosecutor's office and to the court.

Conclusion

Water is supplied to the apartments strictly in accordance with current regulations. Violation of indicators is a violation of the rights and interests of residents by the management company. If such a problem is identified, the injured citizen has the right to file a complaint first with the service company, and in the absence of a response on its part - to the court and to the prosecutor's office.

Tsugunov Anton Valerievich

Reading time: 4 minutes

One of critical indicators quality work water supply systems multi-storey building is the pressure level. Too low or vice versa high pressure water in the water supply system negatively affects the operation of plumbing fixtures and household appliances connected to the water supply system, and also entails a number of other problems. And if you can find out about reduced pressure by weak pressure jets from the tap, then the increased will make itself felt by leaks and rupture of pipes. Each owner should have an idea of the number of bars in the pipeline within own apartment to take action on time and avoid many inconveniences.

What should be the water pressure in the apartment?

To begin with, the water pressure is measured in bars or atmospheres. Since 1 bar is equal to 0, 99 atmospheres, these units are considered conditionally equal. 1 bar (1 atm.) Is able to create a column of water 10 m high.

There are documents that stipulate the minimum and maximum allowable pressure in the pipeline apartment building(SNiP 2.04.02-84, SNiP 2.04.01-85). Some of these standards relate to the pressure at the entrance to the building, others - at the entrance to a separate apartment, the latter stipulate the amount of pressure in the intra-apartment wiring near the plumbing fixtures. We will find out what value should be at each section of the water supply system.

At the input of the water supply network in cottage the pressure should be equal to 10 m of water column or 1 atm. (1 bar). For each next floor, 4 m are added. Let's calculate for a standard 9-storey building: 10 + (4 x 9) = 46 m. This means that the inlet pressure must correspond to 4.6 atm.
The pressure in the water supply system at the entrance to the apartment will already be lower than this value, since the water rises to the higher floors along complex system pipes. For cold water, the value should be in the range from 0.3 to 6 atm., For hot water- from 0.3 to 4.5 atm.
The water pressure level of plumbing fixtures must correspond to the following values:
- for a mixer installed on a washbasin - not less than 0.2 atm;
- for a toilet bowl - from 0.2 atm.;
- for a mixer on a bath - from 0.3 atm .;
- for a shower stall mixer - not less than 0.3 atm.

The necessary level of pressure for daily needs

An important nuance is the fact that building codes indicate the extreme permissible limits, and one cannot fail to notice that the gap is very large. The minimum allowable pressure is not able to ensure the comfortable use of water in the apartment and the normal operation of household appliances.

The optimal pressure in the intra-apartment part of the cold water supply system is 4 atm. In everyday life, this indicator usually fluctuates between 2.5-7 atm.

Weak pressure

If the pressure is low, then problems can arise even with such an elementary procedure as taking a shower. With insufficient pressure, appliances such as washing and dishwasher, shower and jacuzzi.

Normal level

What pressure will allow you to use the water supply comfortably?

Just 2 bar is enough for everyday needs such as:

washing and taking a shower;
washing dishes by hand or using a household appliance;
wash in a washing machine.

Some plumbing fixtures require a higher water pressure of 4 atm. Among them:

Jacuzzi bath;
shower cabin with hydromassage function.

Consequences of high blood pressure

If the pressure is too high - from 6.5 bar - fittings and connections in pipes suffer, at 10 bar they can easily not withstand and burst. Only welded joints and industrial fittings can withstand this high pressure. A pressure of 6–7 bar can also lead to malfunctions of highly sensitive plumbing fixtures, damage to ceramic valves.

Tip: when choosing mixers, taps, pumps and pipes, you should consider the possibility sharp jumps pressure in the network, called water hammer. To avoid unpleasant situations in the form of accidents and flooding, it is necessary to purchase devices and elements for installation in a system with an increased margin of safety: in normal operation they must withstand 6 atm., but be designed for a short-term increase in pressure up to 10 atm.

Causes of low blood pressure

Clogging of pipes with small debris and deposits on inner surface reducing the bore. To eliminate this problem, it will be necessary to replace the risers and intra-apartment wiring.
Clogged coarse filter or not fully open inlet valve. In this case, it is necessary to check the valve and filters. It may be enough just to replace the mesh on the filter so that the water flows out as usual.
Breakthrough of the city water pipe. In this case, the tenants of the apartments cannot do anything, they just have to wait for the city services to restore the integrity of the water supply network.
An increase in water intake by residents of the house is usually observed in the evening and morning hours, when the water supply system is especially actively used.
Faults in the pump at the distribution station or inadequate power supply.

In the event that you are no longer satisfied with the water pressure, try first of all to determine the reason for its decrease.

Ask the neighbors on the staircase if they have problems with pressure. If everything is in order with them, then the reason is not a violation of the general water supply.
Simplify the riser neighbors who live on the floor above and below. This will tell you if the problem is with a separate riser. In the event that there are no complaints from neighbors, the reason should be sought in the wiring inside your apartment.
Compare the head in different rooms apartments - in the kitchen and in the bathroom, see if there is a difference between a jet of cold and hot water. Perhaps the problem is local in nature, and a certain section of the pipe is clogged.

How to increase blood pressure

If all measures to stabilize the constant low pressure, such as contacting the housing office or replacing the intra-apartment wiring and filters, do not yield results, you can resort to installing special equipment. There are two ways to increase the head:

Connection of a circulation pump that increases the pressure by drawing in water. This perfect solution for an apartment: the device has small size, it can be installed in the water supply system in front of the water access points.
Installation of a pumping station. Despite the advantage of such equipment in terms of power, this option has serious disadvantages: the station requires special coordination and takes up a lot of space.

Reduced pressure

You can reduce the constant high pressure by installing a special reducer at the inlet of the water supply to the apartment, which will help regulate the water pressure. In order to monitor the pressure value, a water pressure gauge must be installed near the gearbox.

In the process of arranging water supply, one of the most important issues is the calculation of the water pressure in the water supply system. Often, it is precisely because of its shortage that certain difficulties arise in the functioning of household appliances.

In order to avoid trouble, you will need to carefully study the pressure norms in the water supply system of an apartment building, as well as familiarize yourself with the methods of increasing the pressure in the pipes.

There are no strict standards regarding what pressure should be in the water supply system. The GOST standard determines that the acceptable value of this indicator should vary within 4 atmospheres.

At the same time, the norms are adjusted depending on certain conditions (region, number of storeys of a dwelling, etc.). The range of permissible values is from 2 to 7 atmospheres, as well as up to 10 during the pressure test.

Measuring units, as well as instruments for their measurement, must be given Special attention... Modern technology is very sensitive to the pressure in the water supply system. If it deviates from the norm, the household unit may not turn on or fail.

Bar or atmosphere: 1 bar = 1.0197 atm. This indicator of pressure measurement is most often used in everyday life;
Experts calculate this indicator in meters of water column: 1 bar = 10.19 m. Art.

Accurate indicators in accordance with regulatory documents

The SNiP spelled out the most acceptable indicator of water pressure in a residential building: more than 6 atmospheres.

That is, if a person lives on the 22nd floor, then the water pressure at the moment of entering the apartment will be about 9.4 atm. However, with the direct entry of the water supply into the apartment, this indicator should drop to 6 atm.

Besides, regulatory documents water standards are negotiated for each individual type of plumbing:

For the sink and toilet bowl - 0.2 atm.;
For bath and shower - 0.30 atm.

Important! The maximum rate of hot water supply in working area household plumbing should be no more than 4.5 atm.

What pressure indicator will ensure adequate water consumption?

Water pressure with an indicator of 2 atm. will be enough to:

Wash or shower;
To wash the dishes;
Ensure the stable functioning of household appliances;
For other needs.

The pressure in the system is 4 atm. necessary for:

Using a massage shower or jacuzzi;
Watering the land in a country house.

Note that in private houses, the pressure force must be such as to ensure the simultaneous use of water by several channels. In each channel, the minimum pressure value must correspond to 1.5 atm.

Important! Please note that an increase in the pressure in the water supply system is up to 6 atm. can lead to rapid wear or damage to plumbing equipment. Therefore, when purchasing plumbing to connect it to the city water supply system, it is recommended to choose devices that have a margin of safety with the expectation of all kinds of jumps in the water pressure in the system.

How to increase the pressure

There really is effective methods increasing the pressure level in the water supply system:

Direct arrangement of the pump in general scheme... The pump is designed to forcibly provide high level circulation of water. If a heating boiler is installed in the house, then the pumps can be equipped in the cold water supply system. This equipment is capable of operating not only in manual but also in automatic mode. Automatic installation has the ability to control the process of turning on and off the equipment. The use of such pumps is capable of raising the pressure level to a minimum level of 1.5 atm. units;
Pumping stations. Application of this type equipment is permissible in the event that there is a need to further raise the pressure level. As a rule, pumping units include special reservoirs that accumulate considerable volumes of water. At the moment when the water is not used, the installation pumps water into the storage tanks. Similar pumping stations operate in automatic mode.
Using a pump with a tank. This method lies in the fact that the installation of the tank in the system is carried out at the highest point. Thus, additional pressure is created.

Description of characteristics of pumping units

Pumps are subdivided based on the mode in which they operate:

Manual mode of operation. Ensures the operation of the equipment in a continuous mode. This installation must be periodically supervised and turned off in time, since in the future this will exclude overheating and equipment breakdown.
Auto mode. This type of pump for increasing the level of water supply is controlled by a special sensor. Immediately at the moment the water is turned on, the installation begins to function. Of course auto mode better than manual, because in the first case, the equipment is reliably protected from operation in the absence of water.

In addition to all this, installations are grouped as:

Versatile, which are used for hot and cold water supply;
Specialized, which are used only for cold or hot water.

Pumping units are characterized by the following features:

The compactness of their dimensions - they can be installed in rooms with a small area;
Relatively low market prices.

Important! It should be noted that this type of equipment increases the water pressure by no more than 30% of the total level. As a rule, the installation of pumps is very advantageous, provided that the effective pressure of the water flow is about 1.5 bar.

Features of the functioning of pumping stations

Self-priming pumping unit consists of:

A centrifugal unit providing an increase in head;
Hydroaccumulator (1-3 m 3);
A special relay that provides control of the system.

If the pressure in the water supply system of the house is normal, then the installation will not be activated - the relay will automatically activate it when the pressure changes below the permissible standard. The tank is filled at night, since at this time the water pressure in the water supply system of the house is much higher.

Such an installation requires more complex Maintenance rather than a pump that is mounted directly into the water supply:

The need for more space for the installation of equipment;
The need for constant cleaning of the tank, since it is not recommended to allow the water to stagnate for more than 2 days.

Detailed calculations of the performance of such installations must be obtained from the company that directly provides installation of the equipment. The modernization of the system according to the developed project is carried out by the ZhEK employees or directly by the owner of the property, provided that he has the appropriate skills and experience.

Let's figure out what water pressure should be in the apartment, what determines the pressure norms according to the law, in which cases the pressure is inevitably lower and what to do if the water pressure is insufficient.

The standard water pressure in the apartment is regulated in 2019 SNiP 2.04.2-84... According to this regulation, centralized water supply systems are designed in apartment buildings.

The minimum value for the first floors, in accordance with SNiP, is 1 bar... This value corresponds to 10 meters of water column.

Each additional floor increases the inlet pressure by 0.4 bar... For a five-storey building, therefore, the minimum pressure value is approximately 2.6 bar.

To ensure water supply, it is not enough to provide pressure at the beginning of the supply, usually from the first floors. V high-rise buildings it is necessary to additionally regulate the water pressure.

No adjustment overpressure on the first floors will simply knock out taps and fittings. An unregulated flow rate can damage equipment and damage home appliances.

The values of the water pressure for consumers, according to SNiP, are as follows:

The minimum value for hot water is 0.3.
The minimum value for cold water is 0.3.
The maximum value is up to 6 atmospheres for cold and up to 4.5 for hot.

If the pressure drops below the established minimum or when pressure is applied above the maximum, residents have the right to file a complaint with the management company.

It should be noted that minimum values sufficient for household appliances such as dishwashers and washing machines, but not sufficient for tropical rain showers, swimming pools and jacuzzis, and some advanced washing machine models.

When buying similar equipment with placement in apartment building you should worry in advance about the need for additional water-pumping equipment and the coordination of its placement.

Water pressure or head force is important for proper operation plumbing systems... Cranes, couplings, valves are made on the basis of normal pressure and will not fully function without providing the required pressure.

The minimum values of the water pressure for the normal operation of equipment:

Thus, we see discrepancies between the value of the minimum allowable pressure according to the law and the value required for the operation of equipment.

You can only complain if the pressure is not enough even for the operation of ordinary taps, toilet and shower... In all other cases, the problems will have to be solved on their own.

In most cases, water is supplied to city apartments under a pressure of 2-4 atmospheres... Unfortunately, this does not apply to the upper floors and poorly designed water systems.

In case of improper operation of pressure equipment and insufficient pressure there may be situations when a flat tank from a neighbor or a shower turned on causes a drop in water pressure from other neighbors.

In this case, complain to the management company and demand repair and replacement of equipment, or water pipes just necessary.

What can affect a low water supply:

Problems and malfunctions, low power of central pumps, shutdown of pumps because of savings.
Blockages in the risers in the water supply.
Distribution equipment problems.
Incorrect installation of pipes, tie-ins into the water supply system, outlets for third-party needs, leaks.

How to determine the value of the water pressure

To measure the pressure, a manometer is used, which is connected through an adapter.

The simplest "popular" way to determine the water pressure is to open the taps to the full and substitute a three-liter can. With the proper pressure, the can should be filled in 7 seconds or even faster.

Dealing with low water pressure in the apartment

Low pressure is not always the fault of the general water supply... Quite a bit of the blame lies with the users themselves.

Clogged pipes, improperly installed equipment and off-design pipe angles, additional fittings and tie-ins can all significantly reduce the outlet water pressure.

First of all, you should check the water filters... Even if you have not installed additional filters, they are still there.

These are grate coarse filters, they are usually installed in front of water meters. Clogging of small cells leads to a decrease in pressure in the apartment.

Check the condition of the mixers, remove limescale... Check the condition of the water pipes for limescale deposits.

Please note if problems only arise with hot water, only filters are to blame... If additional heaters and boilers are available, be sure to check the inlet filters.

In most cases, you can rely on a recalculation of the cost of services when filing a substantiated complaint. Perhaps with a large number complaints from tenants, you will be able to get repairs.

But what if the pressure meets the minimum standards, and set washing machine is it still necessary?

The installation of a small-sized flow pump will solve the problem. The weight of the pump, which ensures the efficiency of one piece of equipment, is about 3 kg.

You can set the pump to automatic switching on when the water pressure drops by a certain value... When the pump is turned off, the water flows by gravity. Most models have built-in protection against idling.

In case of interruptions in the water supply, it may make sense to think about installing storage tank or a boiler with a volumetric tank and flow temperature control.

Legislation and regulations guarantee minimum standards pressure... In most cases, the tenants themselves decide what water pressure should be in the apartment and are responsible for the equipment installed inside the apartment.

Please note that installing additional pumping equipment and boilers will increase energy costs.

When buying whirlpool baths, carefully read the instructions and check the possibility of installation and operation at the existing pressure.