Cantilever staircases in the interior look very impressive and incredibly stylish. This type of design has fundamental differences from other models not only in visual terms, but also in manufacturing and installation technology. Not every master is capable of fulfilling such an idea. This is partly why console products are so attractive and in demand for rich interiors.

Design Features

Cantilever staircase models are unique products of their kind; they can radically transform the interior, giving it lightness and a modern feel. The main difference is in the fastening of the elements and the configuration itself. The fact is that cantilever stair steps do not have any obvious support as such. You will not find in them either the stringers usual for marching variations, or the rough vertical supports characteristic of screw structures, the steps remain open on all sides, as if they are floating in the air.

An indescribable feeling of lightness is achieved by fixing only one part of the steps to an invisible support. Wall handrails are used as handrails. Penetration of light occurs to the maximum, due to the absence of risers, open treads are not cluttered with anything.

To secure the movement of people along such stairs, to strengthen the steps and at the same time not to disrupt the overall concept of the product, you can use metal cables or rods attached to the edge of the step and the ceiling. Thus, the staircase seems to be suspended in space.

The cantilever staircase will be the highlight of any interior

Advantages and Disadvantages

Console models can fascinate anyone, they simply cannot help but like them, but is there any point in using them to climb to the second floor? Their strengths and weaknesses should be examined in more detail.

Advantages of cantilever stairs:

• does not clutter up the space, and therefore takes up much less space;
• does not block light and air flows in the room;
• looks very stylish and impressive, can become the highlight of any interior;
• the consumption of materials for the main elements of the staircase is reduced;
• creates a feeling of lightness and elegance.

However, the cantilever staircase also has its disadvantages:

• requires more durable fastenings;
• not very convenient for movement;
• complex in design and execution;
• is expensive;
• due to the lack of fences it is less safe.

Based on all this, we can draw a conclusion about the advisability of erecting such a structure in a given case.

The main disadvantage of a cantilever staircase is the lack of a fence

Materials used

In order to achieve desired effect important to use suitable materials. Because main principle– this is airiness, for this purpose the following can be used:

• Metal. Steps from this material are rarely made, except perhaps in the form of a frame. Metal is primarily used for supporting elements.
• Wood and MDF. This standard option for cantilever stairs, can be combined with any details, especially MDF. It is the latter that is the favorite due to the variety of designs and the possibility of producing lightweight structures.
• Plastic. Only strong variations are used, most often only for finishing the tread of a step.
• Glass. Tempered glass steps are ideal option, they look almost weightless, although in reality they require additional strengthening.
• Concrete. The material is quite complex and heavy for this design, since reinforcement of each element is required.

Various materials are used to make a cantilever staircase.

However, cantilever stairs also have a hidden part, which ensures its fixation. For fastenings with support, metal is used primarily. We are talking about anchor bolts, channels and brackets.

Methods of fastening steps

The cantilever staircase does not have any obvious support as such; instead, there are several options for attaching the steps:

• Wall. The steps cut deep into the wall to a depth of 20-40 cm, depending on the type of material from which it is built.
• Kosour. It has the appearance of a complex welded structure, but on the outside it is presented as an elegant product to which steps are discreetly attached. Replaces wall mount.
• Bolza. Connect the free part of the treads, transferring the load to each next element until they are fixed in the floor and ceiling.
• Cables. Additional support, which in parallel replaces the handrails; in this case, the load from the free side of the step is transferred to the ceiling.
• Profile. More reliable option, similar to using a stringer, the steps are fixed to the profile, and then the whole thing is covered with plasterboard.

Methods of fastening the steps of a cantilever staircase

Errors during design and construction

Because it's pretty complex look staircase design, builders and designers often make mistakes:

• incorrect way of attaching the steps to the support;
• use of thin fasteners;
• incorrect load distribution;
• installation of elements on the free edge of the step, increasing the pressure on the support;
• insufficient recess into the wall;
• use of plastic fasteners instead of metal ones;
• lack of damping gaskets in the wall for sound insulation.

If the technology is not followed, it becomes unsafe to use such a design. If the process of loosening the elements has already begun, there are two ways out of the situation: use additional clamps or convert the console model into a standard one.

This type of stairs will become great solution question about arranging the rise to the second floor in modern houses. In particular, styles such as minimalism, hi-tech, modern, loft or art deco should be noted. In order to maximize the service life and reliability of the design, involve construction work only craftsmen with a good reputation and experience in performing similar work.

1. Introduction
2. Stairs made of natural and artificial stone
3. Concrete and reinforced concrete stairs
4. Wooden stairs
5. Staircases made of steel structures
6. References
7. Introduction

Faulty condition of stairs (corrosion of metal stringers, increased deflections of landings and flights, loose fit of landings and flights to the walls, cracks, potholes, peeling of the floor in landings and steps, depressions in steps from abrasion, loosening of fences, handrails and safety nets, damage railings, wood rotting, insufficient strength of bowstring fastenings to strut beams, etc.) should be eliminated as they appear and further destruction should be prevented.

Metal elements of stairs should be painted periodically every five to six years, after cleaning the surfaces from rust. Metal stringers must be plastered or painted

providing a fire resistance limit of 1 hour.

When deflecting flights of stairs and sites exceeding the permissible standards (in the case of increasing deformation), employees of the housing maintenance organization must strengthen the load-bearing elements of the stairs (according to the project), having previously taken measures for the safe operation of the stairs.

Repairing cracks, depressions, potholes and edges in staircase structures should be done as defects appear, using materials similar to the material of the structures. Stair steps that have lost their strength in collapsible flights must be replaced with new ones.

Gaps between the flight of stairs and the wall should be sealed cement mortar. It is recommended to correct chips in tread rollers by using ready-made inserts or concreting on site.

Damaged areas on stone steps should be cut out and repaired with stone inserts.

Replacing damaged ones and fixing loose ones ceramic tiles on landings, new ones should be done immediately after detection of defects.

4.8.6. Wooden handrails that are cracked or warped should be replaced with new ones. Minor damage (burrs, uneven surface) should be eliminated by cleaning the surface or replacing individual unusable parts with inserts and then finishing the handrail.

Damaged sections of PVC handrails should be cut out and replaced with new ones of the same shape and color. The joints of the handrail inserts must be welded and cleaned.

Bowstrings that have become dilapidated, staircase coverings and damaged parts of fencing must be replaced, and loose fencing must be strengthened.

When conducting overhaul staircases must include ramps.

Staircase structures should be painted every five years.

Staircase elements:

minimum permissible value of support on concrete and metal surfaces- 50 mm, on brickwork- 120 mm;

permissible violation of the horizontality of landings is no more than 10 mm, and steps of stairs - no more than 4 mm;

the deviation of the railing from the vertical is no more than 6 mm.

Staircases:

glazing must be in good working order; the presence of fittings on windows and doors (handles, hardware), staircase lighting;

the room should be regularly ventilated, the air temperature should be at least +16C;

Regular cleaning must be ensured: sweeping of windows, window sills, heating devices- not once every 5 days; walls - at least 2 times a month; washing - at least once a month;

inputs from stairwells into the attic or roof (with no-attic roofs) must be locked.

It is prohibited to use staircases (even for a short time) for storing materials, equipment and inventory, or to arrange storage rooms and other utility rooms under flights of stairs.

Valves, electrical panels and other disconnecting devices located on the stairs must be in closed cabinets, the keys to which are kept by the manager of the housing maintenance organization.

1. STAIRS MADE OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL STONE

1.1 Divergence of external staircase steps due to freezing

Cause: Incorrect installation

Freezing of external staircases of old buildings can
be the result of an improperly executed foundation. When the foundation settles, the slope of the steps changes, rainwater and snow falls between them, freezing occurs in winter. The reason may also be incorrect installation of steps. The right way, when the treads slope outward, is to create such profiles when the seams are located above the planes of the treads.

Repair method: in most cases, complete dismantling, then thorough correction of defects and installation of steps by qualified specialists. Naturally, damaged steps are repaired, and some of them are replaced. In the latter case, you should select a more resistant stone material (granite, syenite, gabbro, andesite, freshwater hard limestone, marble).

1.2 Cracking of steps, violation of the rigidity of the cantilever seal (vithousand) stairs

The standards of this section establish the maximum deflections and movements of load-bearing and enclosing structures of buildings and structures when calculating according to the second group limit states regardless of the building materials used.

The standards do not apply to hydraulic structures, transport, nuclear power plants, as well as supports of overhead power lines, open distribution devices and antenna communication structures.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

10.1. When calculating building structures for deflections (bends) and movements the condition must be met

where f is the deflection (bending) and displacement of a structural element (or the structure as a whole), determined taking into account the factors influencing their values, in accordance with paragraphs. 1-3 recommended applications 6;

f u - maximum deflection (bending) and displacement established by these standards.

The calculation must be made based on the following requirements:

a) technological (ensuring conditions for normal operation of technological and handling equipment, instrumentation, etc.);

b) structural (ensuring the integrity of adjacent structural elements and their joints, ensuring specified slopes);

c) physiological (prevention harmful effects and sensations of discomfort during vibrations);

d) aesthetic and psychological (providing favorable impressions from the appearance of structures, preventing the feeling of danger).

Each of these requirements must be met in the calculation independently of the others.

Limits on structural vibrations should be set in accordance with regulatory documents clause 4 of recommended appendix 6.

10.2. Design situations for which deflections and displacements, their corresponding loads, as well as requirements regarding construction lifting should be determined, are given in paragraph 5 of the recommendation.

10.3. The maximum deflections of structural elements of coatings and ceilings, limited based on technological, structural and physiological requirements, should be counted from the curved axis corresponding to the state of the element at the time of application of the load from which the deflection is calculated, and those limited based on aesthetic and psychological requirements - from the straight line connecting supports of these elements (see also paragraph 7 of recommended Appendix 6).

10.4. Deflections of structural elements are not limited based on aesthetic and psychological requirements, unless they worsen appearance structures (for example, membrane coverings, inclined canopies, structures with a sagging or raised bottom chord) or if structural elements are hidden from view. Deflections are not limited based on the specified requirements for structures of floors and coverings above rooms with short-term occupancy of people (for example, transformer substations, attics).

Note. For all types of coatings, the integrity of the roofing carpet should be ensured, as a rule, by constructive measures (for example, the use of expansion joints, the creation of continuous coverage elements), and not by increasing the rigidity of the load-bearing elements.

10.5. The load reliability coefficient for all loads taken into account and the dynamic coefficient for loads from forklifts, electric vehicles, overhead and overhead cranes should be taken equal to unity.

Reliability coefficients for liability must be taken in accordance with mandatory Appendix 7.

10.6. For structural elements of buildings and structures, the maximum deflections and movements of which are not specified by this and other regulatory documents, vertical and horizontal deflections and movements from constant, long-term and short-term loads should not exceed 1/150 of the span or 1/75 of the cantilever overhang.

VERTICAL LIMIT DEFLECTIONS OF STRUCTURE ELEMENTS

10.7. The vertical maximum deflections of structural elements and the loads from which the deflections should be determined are given in Table. 19. Requirements for gaps between adjacent elements are given in paragraph 6 of recommended Appendix 6.

Table 19

Structural elements	Requirements	Vertical limit deflections f u	Loads for determining vertical deflections
1. Crane track beams for overhead and overhead cranes, controlled by:
from the floor, including hoists (hoists)	Technological		From one tap
from the cabin with groups of operating modes (according to GOST 25546-82):	Physiological and technological
2. Beams, trusses, crossbars, purlins, slabs, decking (including transverse ribs of slabs and decking):
a) coverings and ceilings open to view, with a span of l, m:	Aesthetic-psychological		Permanent and temporary long-term
b) coverings and ceilings with partitions underneath them	Constructive		Leading to a reduction in the gap between load-bearing structural elements and partitions located under the elements
c) coatings and ceilings if they contain elements susceptible to cracking (screeds, floors, partitions)			Effective after the completion of partitions, floors, screeds
d) coverings and ceilings in the presence of hoists (hoists), suspended cranes controlled by:
	Technological	l/300 or a/150 (the lesser of the two)	Temporary, taking into account the load from one crane or hoist (hoist) on one track
from the cockpit	Physiological	l/400 or a/200 (the lesser of the two)	From one crane or hoist (hoist) on one path
e) floors exposed to:	Physiological and technological
transported cargo, materials, units and elements of equipment and other moving loads (including trackless floor transport)			0.7 full standard values ​​of live loads or loads from one loader (the more unfavorable of the two)
loads from rail transport:
narrow gauge			From one train of cars (or one floor machine) on one track
broad gauge
3. Elements of stairs (flights, platforms, stringers), balconies, loggias	Aesthetic-psychological	The same as in pos. 2, a
	Physiological	Determined in accordance with clause 10.10
4. Floor slabs, flights of stairs and landings, the deflection of which is not hampered by adjacent elements			Concentrated load 1 kN (100 kgf) in the middle of the span
5. Lintels and curtain wall panels over window and doorways(crossbars and glazing purlins)	Constructive		Leading to a decrease in the gap between the load-bearing elements and the window or door filling located under the elements
	Aesthetic-psychological	The same as in pos. 2, a

Designations adopted in table. 19:

l is the design span of the structural element;

a is the pitch of beams or trusses to which suspended crane tracks are attached.

Notes: 1. For the console, instead of l, you should take twice its reach.

2. For intermediate values ​​of l in pos. 2, and the maximum deflections should be determined by linear interpolation, taking into account the requirements of paragraph 7 of the recommended Appendix 6.

3. In pos. 2, and the figures indicated in brackets should be taken for room heights up to 6 m inclusive.

4. Features of calculating deflections by position. 2, d are indicated in paragraph 8 of the recommended Appendix 6.

5. When limiting deflections by aesthetic and psychological requirements, the span l is allowed to be taken equal to the distance between internal surfaces load-bearing walls (or columns).

10.8. The distance (gap) from the top point of the overhead crane trolley to the bottom point of the bent load-bearing structures of the coverings (or objects attached to them) must be at least 100 mm.

10.9. The deflections of the covering elements must be such that, despite their presence, a roof slope of at least 1/200 in one of the directions is ensured (except for cases specified in other regulatory documents).

10.10. The maximum deflections of floor elements (beams, crossbars, slabs), stairs, balconies, loggias, premises of residential and public buildings, as well as household premises of industrial buildings, based on physiological requirements, should be determined by the formula

(26)

where g is the acceleration of free fall;

r - normative meaning loads from people exciting vibrations, taken according to the table. 20;

p 1 - reduced standard value of load on floors, taken according to table. 3 and 20;

q is the standard value of the load from the weight of the calculated element and the structures resting on it;

n is the frequency of application of load when a person walks, taken according to the table. 20;

b - coefficient accepted according to the table. 20.

Table 20

Designations adopted in table. 20:

Q is the weight of one person, taken equal to 0.8 kN (80 kgf);

a - coefficient taken equal to 1.0 for elements calculated according to beam scheme, 0.5 - in other cases (for example, when supporting slabs on three or four sides);

a - pitch of beams, crossbars, width of slabs (flooring), m;

l is the design span of the structural element, m.

Deflections should be determined from the sum of loads y A1 p + p 1 + q, where y A1 is the coefficient determined by formula (1).

HORIZONTAL LIMIT DEFLECTIONS OF COLUMNS AND BRAKE STRUCTURES FROM CRANE LOADS

10.11. Horizontal maximum deflections of columns of buildings equipped with overhead cranes, crane trestles, as well as beams of crane tracks and brake structures (beams or trusses) should be taken according to Table. 21, but not less than 6 mm.

Deflections should be checked at the mark of the head of the crane rails from the braking forces of the trolley of one crane, directed across the crane runway, without taking into account the roll of the foundations.

Table 21

Designations adopted in table. 21:

h - height from the top of the foundation to the head of the crane rail (for one-story buildings both indoor and outdoor crane trestles) or the distance from the axis of the floor beam to the head of the crane rail (for the upper floors of multi-story buildings);

l is the design span of the structural element (beam).

10.12. The horizontal maximum proximity of crane tracks of open trestles from horizontal and eccentrically applied vertical loads from one crane (without taking into account the roll of foundations), limited based on technological requirements, should be taken equal to 20 mm.

HORIZONTAL MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENTS AND DEFLECTIONS OF FRAME BUILDINGS, INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURES AND SUPPORTS OF CONVEYOR GALLERIES FROM WIND LOAD, ROLLING FOUNDATIONS AND TEMPERATURE CLIMATIC INFLUENCES

10.13. Horizontal limit movements of frame buildings, limited based on design requirements(ensuring the integrity of filling the frame with walls, partitions, window and door elements), are given in table. 22. Instructions for determining movements are given in paragraph 9 of recommended Appendix 6.

10.14. Horizontal movements of frame buildings should be determined, as a rule, taking into account the roll (rotation) of the foundations. At the same time, loads from the weight of equipment, furniture, people, stored materials and products should be taken into account only with a continuous uniform loading of all floors of multi-story buildings with these loads (taking into account their reduction depending on the number of floors), with the exception of cases in which, under normal operating conditions other loading is provided.

The tilt of the foundations should be determined taking into account the wind load, assumed to be 30% of the standard value.

For buildings up to 40 m high (and supports of conveyor galleries of any height) located in windy regions I-IV, the tilt of the foundations caused by the wind load may not be taken into account.

Table 22

Designations adopted in table. 22:

h is the height of multi-story buildings, equal to the distance from the top of the foundation to the axis of the roof beam;

h s - floor height in one-story buildings, equal to the distance from the top of the foundation to the bottom truss structures; in multi-storey buildings: for the lower floor - equal to the distance from the top of the foundation to the axis of the floor beam; for other floors - equal to the distance between the axes of adjacent crossbars.

Notes: 1. For intermediate values ​​of h s (according to item 3), horizontal limit movements should be determined by linear interpolation.

2. For the upper floors of multi-story buildings designed using roofing elements of single-story buildings, the horizontal maximum displacements should be taken the same as for single-story buildings. In this case, the height of the upper floor h s is taken from the axis of the interfloor crossbar to the bottom of the rafter structures.

3. Pliable fastenings include fastenings of walls or partitions to the frame that do not prevent the frame from moving (without transferring forces to the walls or partitions that could cause damage structural elements); for rigid ones - fastenings that prevent mutual displacement of the frame, walls or partitions.

4. For one-story buildings with curtain walls (and also in the absence hard drive coverings) and multi-storey shelves, the maximum displacements can be increased by 30% (but accepted no more than h s /150).

10.15. Horizontal movements of frameless buildings due to wind loads are not limited if their walls, partitions and connecting elements are designed for strength and crack resistance.

10.16. Horizontal maximum deflections of half-timbered posts and crossbars, as well as hinged ones wall panels from wind loads, limited based on design requirements, should be taken equal to l/200, where l is the design span of racks or panels.

10.17. The horizontal maximum deflections of the supports of conveyor galleries from wind loads, limited based on technological requirements, should be taken equal to h/250, where h is the height of the supports from the top of the foundation to the bottom of the trusses or beams.

10.18. The horizontal maximum deflections of columns (racks) of frame buildings from temperature, climatic and shrinkage influences should be taken equal to:

h s /150 - for walls and partitions made of brick, gypsum concrete, reinforced concrete and curtain panels,

h s /200 - for walls lined with natural stone, ceramic blocks, glass (stained glass), where h s is the height of the floor, and for one-story buildings with overhead cranes - the height from the top of the foundation to the bottom of the crane track beams.

In this case, temperature effects should be taken without taking into account daily fluctuations in outside air temperatures and temperature differences from solar radiation.

When determining horizontal deflections from temperature, climatic and shrinkage influences, their values ​​should not be summed up with deflections from wind loads and tilting of foundations.

MAXIMUM DEFLECTIONS OF ELEMENTS OF INTER-STORY FLOOMS FROM PRELIMINARY COMPRESSION FORCES

10.19. The maximum deflections f u of interfloor ceiling elements, limited based on design requirements, should be taken equal to 15 mm at l £ 3 m and 40 mm at l ³ 12 m (for intermediate values ​​l the maximum deflections should be determined by linear interpolation).

The deflections f should be determined from the pre-compression forces, the self-weight of the floor elements and the weight of the floor.

Quite often, when designing houses, a contractor has to deal with problems of saving space when placing flights of stairs and creating certain interiors. This is due to the fact that these structures are quite bulky and require a lot of space for their normal functioning.

That is why many craftsmen are interested in the question of how to make a cantilever staircase with their own hands, since a similar type of this device can help solve this problem.

At first glance, this device gives the impression that it consists of separate sections that are suspended in the air. However, it should be noted that creating a cantilever staircase requires a lot of effort.

Properties

• This product has an original appearance, which, with the right approach, can fit into any interior. (see also the article Interior of a hallway with a staircase in a private house - “recipes” for a cozy environment)
• To create such a design, a minimum amount of material is required.
• Space savings when using console devices increase significantly.
• Creating stairs of this type quite problematic and associated with a lot of different difficulties.
• When designing such a staircase structure, it is necessary to carry out very accurate calculations and measurements, since a load of at least 150 kg must be placed on a step fixed on one side.

Advice!
Before choosing a cantilever staircase for your home, you need to weigh all the advantages and disadvantages of this device and make a decision that is ideally suited to specific conditions.

Manufacturing

• First of all, you need to understand that this ladder is mounted on one support. In this case, the installation instructions assume the installation of additional fasteners in the form of hanging systems, but the main load does not fall on them.
• To solve the problems of installing consoles, two installation methods are used. The first of them involves fastening the steps during the manufacturing process of the walls. The second method is to install a supporting structure, which may look like a column.
• After the steps are installed, cables or slings are attached to them from the other edge, which are secured to the ceiling. Thus, we obtain a structure in the form individual elements stairs fixed on one side to a wall or column, and on the other side suspended on cables.

• It is worth noting that the suspension system itself begins to act as a barrier, but to increase safety, additional elements can be stretched between the slings, the purpose of which is to reduce the gaps.
• Railings for cantilever stairs should be installed on the wall. They can be purchased in specialized stores, and the price of such products is sometimes so low that self-production It just doesn't make sense.
• It is very important to use a water level when carrying out all work., For correct placement details in space.
• It is worth noting that not all types of these systems are equipped with suspensions. There are completely independent products that can withstand significant weight without additional support.

Advice!
When organizing a suspension system, it is necessary to create a certain level of tension that will support the steps in one position.
If the tension is too strong, you can loosen the area of ​​the main fixation.

Buy or make it yourself

First of all, you need to understand that the main criterion in the manufacture of flights of stairs is safety. At the same time, console devices require only high-quality elements and accurate measurements during their manufacture and installation. Therefore, such designs must be created very carefully, paying attention to even minor details.

Considering the complexity of such work, some craftsmen prefer to purchase finished products. They will definitely have correct forms, appropriate fasteners and will withstand the required load. However, installation must be carried out strictly according to the instructions, which must be included in the delivery package.

Advice!
By purchasing finished product, you should make sure that fasteners are available, since not all manufacturers include them with the parts.
You should also check all elements for visible defects.

Conclusion

In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic. Also, based on the text stated above, you can get an idea of ​​the design and structure of cantilever stairs and methods of their installation.

At the same time, we can conclude that it is better to purchase this product ready-made, since factory parts have a large margin of strength and reliability.

Ecology of consumption. Estate: There are no more spectacular staircases than cantilever ones. Their main difference from all other types of stairs is their special appeal in any interior style.

There are no staircases more spectacular than cantilever ones. Their main difference from all other types of stairs is their special appeal in any interior style. The airiness and floating of cantilever staircases is just an illusion: these systems are strong and reliable, and therefore their designs are very complex - all the fasteners and load-bearing elements are skillfully hidden in the structures of the walls, ceilings and in the details of the staircases themselves.

Classic stairs with quality load-bearing element kosour or bowstring, have the advantage of safe operation, in addition, these stairs are presentable, solid and solid. But modern interiors tend towards lightness and minimalism, as much as possible more air and spaciousness - this somewhat contradicts the idea of ​​a regular massive staircase, limiting the field of view and “eating up” the volume of the room. A cantilever staircase for small lobbies becomes a good solution due to its compact design and special fasteners - directly into the wall.

Types of fastening cantilever stairs to walls:

• The steps cut into the load-bearing wall to a depth of 200 - 400 mm. The insertion depth depends on the width of the cantilever flight and on the material and strength properties of the wall.
• The steps are supported by special brackets, steel plates, channel or angle parts, bolts, anchor bolts or decorative supports.
• In cases where the wall cannot provide load-bearing capacity, cantilever steps rest on a nearby frame, located as close to the wall as possible and as inconspicuous as possible. Fix frame supports made of channel or angle profiles onto the floors.
• As additional fasteners, systems of ceiling strands are used, which simultaneously perform a second function - fencing. Handrails in such systems usually go along the wall to which the steps are attached.
• “Hanging” steps recessed in the wall, the absence of handrails, railings and balusters of any kind, as well as ceiling strands and mesh fences - exclusively interesting solution and radical design. But this option is exclusive not only in the context of interior design, but also in terms of increased danger, and it is possible to use such extreme stunt simulators in an ordinary home if special conditions- as a second decorative staircase. If there are small children and elderly people in the house, this staircase option is categorically unacceptable.

Stairs with steps of the same fastening system and the same design can be made of various materials, and this radically changes the appearance of the staircase. There are quite a lot of options, and the main thing in the choice is the preferences of the owners and their imagination. A very common option is a metal frame attached to the wall, decorated with MDV panels or wood. Effective and durable steps made of cast concrete or polymer concrete. A special place occupied by glass stairs - weightless and transparent, but distinguished by enviable strength.

Pros of cantilever stairs:

• Lightweight and compact designs that do not interfere with air circulation and light flow in rooms
• Spectacular in appearance, a real highlight of the interior
• The lightness of the design leads to savings in the consumption of basic materials
• Saving usable area and the volume of the room, which is very important for small houses

Disadvantages of cantilever structures for stairs:

• In the absence of guardrails, moving along a cantilever staircase is by no means safe, and in any case, such a staircase in a house is a risk factor and an area of ​​increased injury. Classic flight staircase with railing, designed according to safety formulas compared to cantilever design- safety example.
• Cantilever stairs are often inconvenient to climb and descend.
• The design and calculations of cantilever staircases are more complicated than classic marching stairs, and installation is also complicated. Independent calculations without experience and special knowledge are hardly justified. Do-it-yourself installation is possible if there are calculations made by specialists based on the initial data - materials and design of load-bearing walls and ceilings, etc.
• The load-bearing capacity of the wall must be in reserve. Another option is an attached frame, and in both options the reliability of the fasteners must be ensured.

Cantilever staircases are designed at the first stages. It is important to decide which enclosing structures the staircase will be attached to, taking into account the mass of the steps themselves. Wooden and glass steps do not require additional wall reinforcement, but cast concrete steps require very strong support and additional local reinforcement if load-bearing wall designed from monolithic reinforced concrete.

Console with additional element at the free end will increase the load on the entire staircase system, so such solutions are usually avoided. The main mistakes when constructing cantilever stairs are associated with the wrong choice of fastening, the use of insufficiently reliable components and parts, and erroneous distribution of loads. These errors can lead to the ladder being dangerous to use.

A ready-to-install cantilever staircase is a rare and standard option. For individual houses the design of such a staircase is made to order, according to the initial design data of the supporting wall or ceiling and the dimensions of the room. Even if it is possible to complete the factory with fasteners and frames and select a model from the catalog, changes are required for specific premises. Cantilever stairs are classified as non-standard and piece products.