To get a good harvest of bell pepper, it is important to create for him the necessary conditions. High humidity and elevated temperature are those indicators that positively affect this vegetable. But such a plant can be grown not only in warm regions. It is often found in garden beds. In order for the pepper to produce a crop, it is important to know how to plant peppers in open ground, what to put in holes, and also what should be the distance when planting peppers in open ground, and how to properly care for sweet peppers in open ground.

Seed processing technology

Growing bell peppers in the open field begins with proper preparation seeds. The technology for preparing the bushes for planting consists in calculating the timing, because the sowing must be carried out so that by the required date the pepper is ready for planting in the ground.

There are several seed treatment techniques to successfully preserve and improve planting material. With their help, you can increase the guarantees for a successful harvest.

Interesting! If the seed is not processed, then the seeds will sprout fourteen days after planting. When processing, the result will be visible on the third day.

The first step is to determine which of the seeds are healthy. To do this, they must be filled with a 3% solution of baking soda and water at room temperature. Healthy seeds in five minutes will remain at the bottom of the vessel, and empty and unsuitable for planting will float on the surface. After checking, the seed is washed from salt and prepared for processing.

Seed material is disinfected using various solutions. It can be Albit, Fitosporin, Alirin-B or Trichodermin. You can also use the grandmother's recipe and treat the swollen pepper seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate. 30 minutes will be enough for the treatment to give a result.

Increases the immunity of the plant and accelerates its growth, drugs such as Ecogel, Novosil or Epin. They are applied according to the instructions attached to them. To improve the effect, such drugs can be used after the ascent of sprouts.

In order to make the seeds strong and strong, special fertilizers are used that strengthen the seeds. To do this, it is enough to soak the seeds in diluted fertilizer for 12 hours.

Growing seedlings of pepper

Seedlings are grown in the ground three months after sowing the seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare from February. It is important to complete all the necessary procedures before proceeding with seed sowing. First of all, it is necessary to process and disinfect the seeds. Then they are hardened and soaked. After that, they are ready to land.

Sowing seeds

In order for the pepper to grow faster, you must first wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and hide in a warm place for two days. After that, you can plant them in pre-prepared soil (in boxes, pots or other containers). The distance between the peppers when planting in the ground should be 1.5 cm, after which the container is covered with glass or plastic wrap before seedlings emerge.

Important! For planting bell pepper, light soil is needed, which consists of sand, black soil and humus. Water the seedlings with water, which is infused for one day.

It is important to regularly apply fertilizers of organic and mineral origin to the soil. The first feeding occurs after the first leaves on the seedlings bloom.

Growing seedlings of pepper

You can prepare the soil at home with the help of the following components:

• sod land;
• peat;
• humus;
• sawdust.

All components are mixed in a ratio of 2:4:1:1. Then, ash and sand are added to the resulting soil, adhering to the following dosages: for one bucket, three tablespoons of ash and 0.5 liters of river sand. The resulting consistency is watered with potassium permanganate.

Grow bell pepper can be done in two ways:

With the help of a pick

It is important to carry out a pick in time so that the plant takes root better. As soon as the seeds germinate, the vegetable grower counts 20 days and makes a pick. Since the root of the pepper does not recover well, they do not touch it, but use other parts of the plant.

Without using picks

This technique is more common. It is only necessary to move the seedlings from a smaller container to a larger one. Then root system does not hurt and the plant takes root faster.

Growing peppers on a windowsill

When growing bell peppers on a windowsill, you need to know a few subtleties and nuances. First of all, it is necessary to choose the right time for planting seeds. Since bell peppers at home often do not have enough heat and sufficient humidity, they will rise longer than the allotted time. Therefore, it is recommended to plant seeds in late February - early March.

For normal plant growth, it needs to provide 12 hours of light. To do this, it is enough to keep the windows constantly clean, as dirty windows take away part of the light.

Do not forget about the humidity in the room. For bell pepper, it should be 70%. To do this, a humidifier is installed in the room. Of course, you can spray plants with a spray bottle, but a humidifier will be more rational and safer.

For planting seeds, two-hundred-gram cups are used, which are replaced by liter ones after one month has passed after planting.

Bulgarian pepper, cultivation and care in the open field

The technology of growing peppers outdoors is similar to growing tomatoes. It is important to water the plant in time, feed it, shape it, and, if necessary, remove stepchildren. Do not forget about the protection against various pests and diseases.

Watering Bell pepper necessary as soon as they planted it in open ground, then after five days. After each watering, it is necessary to loosen the earth so that there is no hardened soil. Plant feeding is carried out three times a season. For this, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are used.

Don't forget about heat protection. To prevent pollen from losing its abilities, it is necessary to make screens that will darken the plant.

Bulgarian pepper growing in a barrel

You can also grow a culture in a barrel. To do this, you need to take a barrel and remove the bottom from it. In order for oxygen to enter the barrel, holes must be made in its walls, 1 cm in diameter at a distance of 20 cm from each other.

Then the following components are laid out in layers: faded (layer thickness 10 cm), soil mixture (turf and ordinary earth, compost).

In early May, one bush of pepper is planted and covered with a film. After three hours, cut off all the lower leaves and cover the plant 10 cm with soil mixture. After the plant grows up, repeat the procedure. Do this until the barrel is completely filled with earth (this will be the beginning of June). Then the barrel can no longer be covered with a film.

Features of agricultural technology

Agrotechnics for growing sweet peppers in open ground consists of the following processes:

• Irrigation. It is necessary to water the seedlings with settled water every day. You need to be careful not to overdo it with water.
• Prevention. Spray plants periodically with a spray bottle to maintain moisture.
• Temperature. It should not exceed 22°C in daytime and 15°C at night.
• Top dressing. To increase the immunity of pepper, it is necessary to feed it with minerals.

Principles of growing on the site

Sweet pepper is a plant that requires care and attention. That's why experienced gardener prepare everything in advance necessary tools to take care of him. Outdoor care for sweet peppers consists of the following steps:

• seedling preparation;
• planting a plant in the ground;
• watering;
• feeding

Bush preparation

Before planting seedlings in open ground, it must be hardened. To do this, the plant periodically needs to be taken out in the sun to adapt. Due to this, the pepper will be resistant to weather conditions and will be strong. Hardening begins two weeks before disembarkation.

The process of planting plants in open soil

To obtain good harvest pepper, you need to choose the right place for the beds. This area should not be under direct wind currents, be sunny and protected from drafts. Since autumn, it is important to prepare the necessary area for planting, after digging it up and fertilizing it. It is necessary to plant bell peppers in open ground by impregnating the soil with potash and phosphorus substances.

When disembarking, it is important to remember that sweet peppers do not like direct sun rays and too hot air. Therefore, care must be taken that the seedlings are in the shade.

Depending on which variety is planted, a scheme is developed for planting bell pepper in open ground. The holes should be 35 cm apart from each other, and 45 cm between the rows. If two peppers are planted in the ground, then the distance increases to 60 cm.

There is also a square-nested method of planting pepper. Its essence is that each hole should be with the same sides that do not exceed 60 cm.

Pepper is transplanted into the ground in late spring or early June, depending on weather conditions. It is recommended to do this on a cloudy day or in the late afternoon, so that there are no direct rays of the sun on the ground.

Planting pepper in open ground begins with the fact that the seedlings are first watered and carefully, without damaging the root of the plant, are removed from the container along with a lump of soil. It is important to know at what depth it is necessary to plant pepper seedlings in the hole. Under the ground, the stem of the plant is placed up to its first lower leaves. After the planting of sweet pepper in open ground has been completed, it is recommended to insert pegs nearby, to which it will be tied in the future.

Irrigation Features

Bulgarian pepper does not require regular watering and moistening of open ground. Initially, it must be watered at the time of disembarkation, then after 5 days and then watered once a week. Approximately one liter of water is needed for one bush of pepper.

During flowering, water for irrigation should be about 20 ° C. Do not forget to loosen the ground around the bush after each watering so that a crust does not form. To keep moisture longer, bell peppers are advised to mulch. Pepper mulching in the open field is carried out using overripe straw or grass.

Pepper dressing

It is necessary to fertilize the soil three times during the entire season. In order for plants to develop and grow normally, they need nitrogen. Therefore, the first feeding are preparations with a nitrogen content. It is done after 2 weeks after planting the bushes in the ground.

The next top dressing is carried out during the flowering period of pepper. Potassium is required for the formation of fruits. It is found in wood ash. And the last feeding occurs when the first fruit has formed. For this, potassium salt and superphosphate are used. Two teaspoons of each component are added to a bucket of water and the plants are watered with the resulting solution.

Possible diseases and pests, and their control

On pepper, you can often observe such pests:

• slugs
• Colorado beetle;
• whitefly;
• bear.

These pests are harvested by hand, and for aphids, a solution of wood ash is used.

The most popular diseases are:

• Yellowing of leaves. This means that the pepper lacks nitrogen. For treatment, it is necessary to add 1 teaspoon of urea to 10 liters of water and spray the bushes with the resulting solution.
• Falling ties. Solution from boric acid solve the problem (1 spoon per bucket of water).
• The fruits develop poorly. Treated with superphosphate or wood ash.
• Blackleg. Occurs from an excess of moisture.

Growing greenhouse pepper

Planting a crop in open ground under a film is considered the most convenient, as it brings the culture closer to normal conditions. Seedlings can be planted in the greenhouse in April. To do this, holes are made in the greenhouse, adhering to the correct distance.

Before planting seedlings, it is important to fertilize the hole. For this, a solution based on chicken manure or manure is perfect (half a glass of fertilizer per 10 liters of water). After planting, the bushes are watered, taking into account 1 liter per bush. And to support the plant, you can make a support from pegs, so that later you can tie the pepper to it.

Collection and storage

Bulgarian pepper is harvested as the fruit ripens. Some vegetable growers may collect unripe fruits to relieve weight from the bush. This vegetable is used in many recipes in fried, stewed or baked form. Fruits can be peeled and frozen or canned.

In order to receive fresh pepper until December, you can flowering bush together with the ground, transplant into any container and leave on the windowsill in the house.

Pepper is a member of the nightshade family. It contains many vitamins necessary for the human body. Sweet peppers contain significantly more vitamin C than tangerines, oranges and lemons. It is easy to grow it on the site, the main thing: proper fit pepper, temperature conditions and timely watering.

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Planting pepper seeds for seedlings

For you need to select and prepare the seeds, as well as choose the soil and capacity.

Preplant selection and seed preparation

For planting, the most filled seed is selected:

1. To do this, it is placed in clean water.
2. Within 1-2 min. stir.
3. Then the water is drained with substandard seeds that have floated to the surface.

Before planting pepper with seeds, the following operations are carried out:

1. For 20 minutes, disinfect with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate (300 g of solution per 100 g of seeds).
2. Wash the seed with clean water.
3. Keep seeds 24 hours warm water(+25 ºС).
4. Then they spread it on burlap and cover it with a damp cloth, periodically pouring water over it.
5. When the seed pecks and starts to grow, it is aired, slightly dried and sown.

Substrate selection

Nutrient mixture for growing seedlings consists of sod land and humus in equal amounts by volume.

To this soil mixture add such min. fertilizers (per 1 m3):

• 0.8 kg of ammonium nitrate;
• 1.5 kg of superphosphate;
• 0.8 kg of potassium salt.

Choosing a container for seedlings

Peppers grow well in transparent disposable cups with a volume of 350-450 ml. At the bottom, you can make a drainage hole with a hot nail or a knitting needle. Excess water will not linger in the glass.

Pepper seedlings are best planted immediately in a separate container, as the plants do not tolerate transplantation well.

Determination of the seed planting pattern

The scheme of planting seeds of sweet pepper:

• 6x4 cm in boxes or greenhouses;
• 1-2 seeds per cup.

Landing process step by step

The procedure for planting sweet pepper:

1. In small separate cups, germinated seeds are placed 1-2 pieces per well and lightly pressed.
2. Watered with warm water.
3. Cover with plastic wrap or glass.

Aftercare

Throughout the entire period of growing seedlings, they maintain an optimal water regime, avoiding waterlogging. Watering is done in one or two days (6-8 liters of water per 1 m2), and after the formation of 5 true leaves - every day in the morning.

The temperature regime depends on the age of the seedlings:

1. Before emergence, maintain t + 25ºC.
2. Temperature + 15ºC - within 5-7 days after germination.
3. In the future - + 20- + 26ºC during the day, + 10- + 15ºC at night.

One to two weeks before planting, the seedlings are hardened off. Limit watering and take seedlings outside, or open shelters. First, only during the day, and 2 days before disembarkation for the whole day.

It is possible to harden seedlings of sweet pepper when the seedlings have 5 true leaves and there is no threat of spring frosts.

Instructions for planting pepper seedlings in open ground

On the eve of planting, seedlings for prevention various diseases sprayed Bordeaux liquid. Before sampling, seedlings are watered abundantly in order to preserve the root system as much as possible. In addition, development is poor in wilted seedlings, then the buds fall, as a result of which the yield is sharply reduced.

Choosing a place to land

Pepper is picky about heat, so it is placed on a site with the following characteristics:

• good warming up;
• wind protection;
• good illumination.

If there is no wind protection, you can create a rocker protection from tall plants (sunflower, corn) or build windbreaks in the form of wattle.

When planting pepper in open ground, all types of the nightshade family are bad predecessors for it:

• potato;
• tomatoes;
• pepper;
• physalis;
• eggplant.

To avoid many specific diseases, experienced gardeners recommend planting pepper 3 years after nightshade.

Good Precursors for Peppers:

• cucumbers;
• pumpkin;
• zucchini;
• cabbage;
• beet;
• carrot;
• peas;
• beans;
• beans.

When and how should seedlings be planted?

We plant pepper seedlings in open ground in the first decade of May, when the threat of spring frosts has passed.

Time of day for planting seedlings:

• second half of the day, in the late afternoon - in sunny weather;
• throughout the day - in cloudy.

Pepper Planting Scheme:

• 70X30 cm - for tall varieties;
• 60x20 cm - for undersized.

Recommendations for the correct planting of seedlings in open ground

Having freed the seedlings from pots, they are placed vertically in previously prepared holes. Planting depth - according to the first true leaf (on the part of the stem that turns out to be underground, additional roots are formed).

Watering and loosening

To obtain a high yield of pepper, you need to maintain optimal soil moisture. Before planting, 2 liters of water heated in the sun are added to each well. After planting, pepper is watered at intervals of 2-3 days under the root, spending 1-2 liters of water per plant, and in dry and hot weather, irrigation is carried out daily. A week later, the plantings are checked and instead of the dead plants, reserve plants are planted, the soil is moistened, but less water is consumed.

Bulgarian vegetable growers say that during this period they do the so-called "thin" watering - moisturizing in small doses.

Further, the irrigation rate is 40-50 liters per 1 m2 (5-7 liters of water for each plant). To prevent the soil from drying out and to prevent its cracking, subsequent moistening is done at intervals of 6-10 days. During harvesting, the frequency of irrigation is reduced to 4-6 days. If heavy precipitation falls, it is possible and larger gap time between waterings.

The first 2 weeks after planting the pepper, loosening is not carried out so that the plants adapt to the new place. Then the soil is loosened after each irrigation, or rain, as soon as it dries up, but has not yet had time to form a hard crust. During the period of mass flowering, pepper plants are hilled.

The depth of soil loosening around pepper plants is no more than 6-8 cm. Since the root system of this plant is located close to the soil surface, deeper loosening damages it.

Aftercare: top dressing, pruning and pest control

Pepper, after landing in open ground, is fed three times:

1. 12-15 days after planting seedlings.
2. During the period of mass formation of fruits.
3. The last - 15-20 after the second.

Ingredients for Peppers:

• water - 10 l;
• bird droppings - 1 kg;
• 40-60 g of superphosphate;
• 150-200 g of wood ash.

Feeding consumption - 1 liter per plant. If by autumn the pepper plants are early and early varieties give small fruits, it is necessary to carry out the fourth dressing.

For all varieties of pepper, pruning is subject to:

• barren fattening shoots;
• lower branches and stepchildren;
• crooked, broken, inward-growing shoots.

When forming, only tall varieties and hybrids are subject. They need to be loaded with side shoots. To force the plant to bush, pinch the top on the main stems at a level of 25-30 cm from the soil level and remove the crown buds. The basis of the pepper bush will be 4-5 skeletal branches of the first order. The rest are cut off.

The main pests of pepper and methods for their prevention:

Pests	Description	Prevention
greenhouse whitefly	In open ground appears in the second half of June. On the leaf surface, the mite leaves bright dots - punctures, especially noticeable on outside sheet. Then a slight “marbling” appears on the sheet, and with reverse side leaf - a well-marked web. At high t (28-35°C) and violation of the water regime, this process is accelerated and the pepper may die in 2-3 weeks.	cleaning of plant residues; resettlement of a useful predatory mite - phytoseiulus; disinfection of greenhouses and greenhouses with bleach (200 g per 10 liters of water); spraying plants during the growing season with infusions of herbs recommended against aphids.
Aphid

Peppers are one of the vegetable crops that contain a lot of useful vitamins.

The culture belongs to the genus Solanaceae. In our growing conditions, pepper is an annual plant.

Agrotechnical measures for pepper are a little easier than for tomatoes, since it does not need to be stepsoned.

The plant is grown for various culinary purposes and not only.

The process of growing this crop is a very creative process. And you need to do this business only at a time when you have good mood. And with this attitude, you will receive not only good seedlings but also a high yield.

This article will tell you about all the aspects of cultivating a crop.

What features of the culture should be considered when growing pepper?

There are biological and morphological characteristics of pepper that need to be known. We will talk about them below.

What applies to morphological characteristics:

• The power and thickness of the plant bush. Depending on the variety, the height and thickness of the plant is different.
• Leaf shape and length.
• The dimension of the fruits and their location on the bush. As well as their color in different periods of maturation.
• The thickness of the walls of the pepper.
• The root system of culture.

What are biological features:

• It is necessary to take into account the temperature in which the culture will grow.
• The second thing you need to know is the optimal humidity that the pepper needs.
• Usually pepper is grown without the use of the following measures: pinching and pinching. But there are exceptions, also pinching can increase crop yields.
• It is necessary to pay attention to the illumination of the place with sunlight for planting crops.
• An important factor is the soil on which the pepper will be planted. The culture does not tolerate acidic soils.

What should be the soil for pepper?

The soil for planting pepper should be both fertile and moist.

All the nuances of different soils:

• To improve the fertility of loamy soil, rotted sawdust (in the amount of one bucket per one square meter), manure (in the amount of one bucket) or peat (in the amount of two buckets) is added to it.
• To improve the fertility of clay soil, two ingredients are added to it - coarse sand and rotted sawdust (one bucket of each).
• With the predominance peat soils soddy soil and humus are added (in the amount of one bucket per square meter).
• With sandy soils, peat or clay soil, two buckets of humus and one bucket of sawdust are added to improve their fertility.

To prepare the soil for planting pepper, fertilizers are applied to it. For one square meter you need to add: one glass of wood ash; superphosphate; one tablespoon of potassium sulfate and one teaspoon of urea.

After adding all components soil needs to be dug up, while making beds thirty centimeters high. Next, the leveled surface of the earth is watered with a solution of water and mullein (in the amount of half a liter per one bucket of water) or a solution of sodium humate (at the rate of one tablespoon per one bucket of water).

For one square meter land consumes about four liters of solution. After the measures taken, the soil is ready for planting pepper.

There are the following pepper varieties: sweet and spicy. Sweet varieties include: "Gladiator", "Lyceum", "Victoria", "Ermak", "Zaznayka" and many others. Spicy varieties include: "Chili", "Ukrainian bitter", "Vietnamese bouquet" and others.

Preparation of pepper seedlings and the necessary care for it

Pepper seedlings are very fond of organic fertilizers. You can fertilize with such fertilizers every ten days.

Picked seedlings love foliar feeding. Kemira Combi fertilizer is suitable for this, it contains a lot of trace elements. A diluted solution of fertilizer should be sprayed on the leaves of the plant both above and below. This event should be carried out in the early morning, before the sun shines.

Foliar feeding of the plant should be alternated with watering the crop.

When a yellowish color appears on the leaves, this indicates a lack of nitrogen.

Must not forget water the crop and make sure that there is no waterlogging or drainage of the soil. Rare watering leads to leaf fall and wilting of the plant. And excessive watering leads to poor functioning of the root system of the plant.

How to plant pepper, the main nuances

Before planting, you must first harden the culture, this is done fourteen days before planting the pepper in the ground. Hardening begins with a positive temperature of 15 degrees, and very slowly lower it, but not less than + 11 ° C.

Planting pepper is best done in the evening. It is necessary to observe the distance between rows of about 65 cm and between seedlings 40 cm. You can also use the square-nesting method (60x60 cm or 70x70 cm) and plant two or three plants in one hole.

To maintain the plant from breakage, it is necessary when planting set the pegs(during the period of growth, it is better not to install pegs, since you can harm the root system of the plant) for which the bush will be tied up in the future.

Pepper after planting takes root very slowly, in order to contribute to better air circulation in the soil, you need to lightly loosen the soil around the pepper.

Peppers have an average growing season of just over three months, so pepper seeds begin to be prepared from January. The timing of planting a crop mainly depends on how the plant will take root in the open field. In warm areas, pepper seeds are planted until mid-March, and for the middle zone, planting is carried out in February. And planted in the ground at the end of May.

The scheme of planting pepper in the ground

In the third decade of May or early July, pepper seedlings are planted in prepared beds.

The distance between rows should be about 60 cm, and the distance between seedlings 40 cm.

And you can also use the square-nesting method (60x60 cm or 70x70 cm) and plant two or three plants in one hole.

If you are planting several varieties of pepper, then they need to be planted at the maximum distance between them, as the crops are pollinated.

What is cultural concern?

In the fight against different kind diseases and pests (for example: white rot, black leg, Colorado potato beetle, various slugs) folk remedies can help.

Many crops that grow nearby can also take care of their neighboring growing crops as well as protect them from various diseases and pests.

You can also water the plant every fourteen days with various solutions for preventive purposes.

Caring for the culture consists in proper soil moisture, tying the plant, weeding and feeding the plant.

Watering peppers in the open field is very important for the crop. The earth must be constantly moist. If the soil is dry, then the plant may develop poorly. If there are small atmospheric plantings, then watering the crop should be reduced, and if precipitation is constant, then watering should be stopped altogether.

The optimal time of day for watering is morning, if the night was cold, and if the night was warm, then you can water both day and evening. Water is used not cold, but warm.

You will need

• - Seedlings of peppers 30-35 cm tall
• - Air temperature +13-15 degrees
• - Raised bed (or greenhouse)
• - Shovel
• - Watering can and clean water
• - Compost
• - Pegs
• - Twine (bast)
• - Wire arches
• - Film
• - Fertilizer solution (mullein and superphosphate, water)

Instruction

Do not forget to carry out "solar hardening" from time to time - then it will not burn out from direct sunlight after landing on household plot. Best time planted - evening, at a temperature of + 13-15 degrees. Be sure to make a “warm” bed - raise it at least 30 cm from the general soil level.

Dig holes and water them. It is advisable to first add compost to the soil, but in no case fresh manure! It should be deepened to the level of the first leaves. You can plant peppers, leaving about half a meter between rows and about 45 cm between each plant. Some gardeners use "nests": one hole is dug for a couple of plants, a square of about 50 by 50 cm (or a little more) is allocated under it. Pepper is a cross-pollinated crop, so (despite the help of insects), planting seedlings in pairs can greatly increase the yield. Keep in mind that sweet and bitter varieties can also pollinate, which will spoil the taste of the fruit. You need to plant peppers of different varieties separately.

Place a peg next to each plant (more than half a meter high) and carefully tie the stem with a washcloth or twine. Proceed with caution, as the leaves and shoots of this crop are extremely fragile. Make arcs of wire a meter high and stretch a film over them to keep the necessary moisture and heat for seedlings of peppers. When the weather settles, open the film completely or only from the south side; at night, it is recommended to always close the bed with peppers.

Useful advice

It is good to plant pepper on the soil where cultures of the cruciferous family (turnip, cabbage, mustard and others) used to grow. The soil should always be loose and moist. When the pepper seedlings take root, wait two weeks and feed the plants aqueous solution organic and mineral fertilizers. Dilute ten times the mullein and take a tablespoon of superphosphate in a bucket of water. In total, no more than half a bucket of this mixture is needed per square meter of beds.

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Sources:

• Secrets of growing sweet peppers

Pepper is truly a miracle vegetable. The amount of vitamin C is unmatched. It contains a lot of carotene, nicotinic and folic acid. And it is no wonder that you want to grow such a valuable vegetable on your site. And anyone can get a good harvest of pepper. But at the same time, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to plants.

Instruction

For sowing, it is necessary to prepare a nutrient mixture from garden humus with the addition of sand and wood ash. Pour this mixture with water and carefully steam over a fire. Seeds are sown in hot, at 40-45 degrees, nutritious soil. Seeds are placed in grooves to a depth of 1.5 cm. The distance between them should be 2 cm.

During the growth of seedlings, it is necessary to limit watering to once. Abundant watering at this stage usually causes blackleg disease. The water temperature should be 25-28 degrees. It is advisable to use distilled water.

As soon as the seedlings have two leaves, which will take about 30-35 days, you can start diving them. Water the seedlings a few hours before picking, as when dry, the soil will crumble from the roots. Plants can be transplanted into pots or 10x10 cm in size.

During the growth of seedlings, it is necessary to limit watering to once. Abundant watering at this stage usually causes the black leg disease of the plant. Water temperature for irrigation should be 25-28 degrees. It is advisable to use distilled water.

Within a week after planting, gently loosen the soil - this will improve air access to the root system. You can only feed with a special preparation for growth.

Until the flowering period, it is enough to water the pepper once a week. But in hot weather, you can increase the amount of watering. Remember that plants should never be watered. cold water otherwise they will stop growing and bearing fruit.

Loosen the soil occasionally. In total, during the summer it is necessary to carry out 3-4 loosening with hilling.

It is also important to feed the plant with various fertilizers. During flowering, you can use slurry at a rate of 1:10 or urea. The next top dressing must be carried out during the fruiting period. Use bird droppings or nitrophoska solution.

In order for the pepper bushes not to grow too much, you need to remove the upper flowers and stepchildren. Also, when the stem of the pepper reaches about 25 cm in height, remove the top of the stem. This procedure will allow the side shoots to develop well.

Pepper is a crop that is best grown from seedlings, as it has a long ripening period. In the southern regions, it is grown by planting seedlings in the ground open type, and in all the rest - in greenhouses.

You will need

• - pepper seeds;
• - seedlings of pepper;
• - greenhouse or open ground.

Instruction

Most the best vegetables grow from seeds, which are designated "F1". This means first-generation hybrids that have taken all varietal characteristics from their high-grade "parents".

Pepper "Viking". An early ripe variety that is grown in open ground and indoors. The plant is medium. Has fruit cylindrical shape, glossy, with smooth surface. Fruit weight - from 100 to 150 g. Mature fruits have a bright red color, excellent taste and mild aroma. Sowing seeds is done with the onset of March. Seedlings are planted in greenhouses or soil after seventy days. The principle of planting is in rows. The distance between rows is 50 cm, between seedlings is 35 cm. Viking pepper needs a trellis for growing, as it forms two stems. It is not necessary to tie plants to it. Pepper is not stored for a long time, it is used fresh and for canning.

Pepper "Hercules". It is one of the varieties most suitable for growing in. "Hercules" refers to mid-season and large-fruited. The fruits ripen ninety days after transplanting. The fruits are cube-shaped, ribbed, elongated. The weight of one fruit is from 200 to 300 g. The pulp of the fruit is dense, juicy and very fragrant. This variety contains a lot of vitamin C. Ripe fruits are dark red. Variety "Hercules" is universal. It is not susceptible to viruses, in particular - tobacco mosaic. Likes to grow in well-lit, warm places. Most big harvest obtained in protected ground. Seedlings are planted in greenhouses fifty days after sowing seeds. Planting seedlings - in rows. Distance between rows - 70 cm, between bushes - 25 cm. Pepper "Hercules" has a high keeping quality and can be stored for up to two months.

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To get a good harvest, gardeners need to take into account all the subtleties of growing different cultures. For example, planting pepper seedlings in open ground requires special preparation. Aftercare is also important.

Place to land

The first thing to take care of is the soil. It is important to plant seedlings in a suitable place. It should be sheltered from the wind and sufficiently sunny. The site is not suitable if sweet peppers, potatoes, eggplants or tomatoes were grown on it last year. It is worth giving preference to those corners where herbs, pumpkin, cabbage, cucumbers grew.

It is better to determine where pepper will grow in the future. It is recommended to enrich the soil a year before planting. organic fertilizers, and in autumn period- potash and phosphorus for digging. In the spring it is desirable to add to upper layer soil ammonium nitrate. And a week before planting, the land must be disinfected. To do this, make a solution: a large spoon blue vitriol to a bucket of water.

When and how to plant seedlings?

AT middle lane planting in open ground is usually carried out towards the end of May, when the risk of frost is minimal. The air temperature should be at least 15 degrees. If you plant bell peppers too early, then the likelihood of disease damage will increase. Planting dates for the greenhouse are usually May 1-15, for open ground - May 15-31. Care must be right after that.

Plants should be planted correctly, maintaining a distance. For low varieties, 30-40 cm is enough between the holes, for tall ones it should be more - 60 cm. The beds should be 60 cm apart. There is one trick though: different varieties not recommended to sit next to. They tend to pollinate, sweet pepper loses its qualities next to bitter.

It is not difficult to determine the planting depth: it should be a little more than the container in which the seedlings grew. It is best to plant them in the evening so that they have time to gain strength overnight. On cloudy days, this can be done earlier.

Procedure

In order for the harvest to really please, it makes sense to plant pepper, adhering to all the recommendations.

• Some time before the start of the transplant, the seedlings must be thoroughly watered. Withered plants take root worse in a new place. You can also treat with a pesticide, such care will help protect the peppers. You need to carefully remove the sprouts from the containers so as not to damage the earthen ball.
• Before planting, the hole must be thoroughly filled with water, best of all - heated in the sun. When it is absorbed, you should lower the plant into the hole and, holding it with your hand, water it again. It is recommended to pour water on the walls of the hole: this will not damage the roots. Planting a seedling should not be deep planted, this can lead to the appearance of a "black leg".
• Then you need to fill up the hole, compact the earth a little and mulch with peat.
• When the seedling grows up, it may be necessary. It makes sense to pre-install a low peg for this purpose.
• When planting is completed, it is advisable to cover the plants with foil. It can be removed after they get stronger, and the weather is stable and warm.

Watering and loosening

Even after the planting of bell pepper seedlings is completed, the plant will need care. The timing of the appearance and quality of the fruit depend on this. One of the most important tasks is timely watering. On cool days, it is produced every 2-3 days, in hot and dry weather - daily. Each seedling should take about a liter of water. After a week, the pepper should be checked, the sprouts that did not take root should be removed and replaced with spare ones. After that, watering is done in small portions.

Excessive watering will not benefit the plant. It is worth focusing on his condition: when it gets dark, he does not have enough water. Leaves should not be allowed to wilt. The exception is that they may seem lethargic on the hottest days.

In order for pollination to be successful, it is worth taking care of attracting insects. To do this, you can dissolve in a liter hot water 100 g of sugar and 2 g of boric acid and spray the plants with the resulting mixture.

It is also worth remembering that bell pepper loves loose earth. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the soil crust does not form, care should include loosening. But in the first days after transplantation, it is not worth it. At this time, the root system is strengthened, the pepper grows at a slow pace. It is impossible to allow injury to a plant that takes root in a new place.

The timing of the first loosening is 10-14 days after the transplant has been made. It should be shallow, because the roots of bell pepper are located close to the surface. Then the procedure must be repeated after each rain or watering, when the earth dries out a little.

Fertilizing, pruning, pest control

Top dressing helps to improve the yield. The first time it is done two weeks after the planting was made. For this, bird droppings are also used along with. When fruits begin to actively form, the need for nutrients rises. The plant must be fed again, whether it be bell pepper or another variety. The next time, top dressing is needed at the beginning of fruiting.

Care includes pinching, that is, pruning side shoots. Be sure to remove on hot, humid days. But if the weather is hot and dry, then the procedure is not worth it - a large number of The leaves will help retain moisture in the soil.

During the growing season, care must be taken to shorten too long shoots and remove all shoots growing below the main fork. It is desirable to carry out pruning at least once every 10 days. It is also worth removing the flower, which is located on the first fork. It contributes better harvest. All care, which includes loosening, top dressing and pruning, should be done simultaneously.

Tall ones make sense to tie up. Do this after hilling and mulching with rotted straw.

Care also provides protection from pests. An hour before you start planting seedlings, the hole must be filled with water. After planting, the plants are sprayed from the sprayer. During the summer, it is recommended to pollinate the pepper with wood ash three times. This procedure is carried out by dew. If an aphid appears, it is necessary to mix 1.5 liters of serum in a bucket of water and treat the sprouts with the resulting solution.

Growing sweet and not so difficult task as it may seem. But it is important to correctly follow the basic recommendations, transplant seedlings on time, as this plant requires some attention.

Even if the landing in open ground was successful, care should continue. Regular watering and top dressing will make it possible to get a really good harvest.