Apple tree with dark red fruits. The smallest and sweetest varieties of apples

The apple tree is the most common fruit crop, adapting to various conditions, which is why it attracts gardeners. Popularity is due to the fact that apples on the tables are almost all year round: in summer - summer varieties, after - autumn, and with the onset of cold weather, winter varieties ripen in the cellar.

Cultivation and features of apple trees of summer varieties

The division of apple trees into groups is primarily associated with the timing of consumption. All varieties with a summer ripening period are divided into:

early summer (fruits ripen in the first half of July);
summer (fruits are poured in the period from July 15 to August 10);
late summer (mass ripening of the crop falls on August 10–25).

Summer varieties will delight those who like to enjoy apples until August

Summer varieties of apples are most often consumed fresh. Fruits are not subject to long-term storage, even in the conditions of a vegetable box in the refrigerator, the shelf life of apples is from a week to a month.

When planting, it is necessary to take into account the location of apple trees of various types, since due to overlapping flowering periods, cross-pollination may occur, which can lead to a loss in the qualities of both specimens of apple trees. The method of cross-pollination is used by breeders in the process of breeding new varieties. Thus, summer varieties, as a last resort, are placed near winter ones, but are carefully protected from varieties. autumn term maturation.

A distinctive feature of "summer" apple trees is their increased winter hardiness, which is due to the early ripening of fruits. By harvesting in July - August, by the end of the season, plants have time to prepare for adverse winter conditions, while winter or autumn varieties are much more afraid of frost. But it is worth canceling that summer varieties the percentage of buds damaged by return spring frosts ranges from 42 to 98, since at the time of the temperature drop they were in a more developed state.

Summer varieties of apple trees

apple trees with early term ripening are very popular with gardeners. To enjoy juicy apples, you do not have to wait for autumn.

Papirovka (White filling)

Appeared in the Baltic countries. Especially popular with owners of small gardens. Regions of admission according to the State Register:

Northern;
Northwestern;
Central;
Volga-Vyatka;
Central Black Earth;
North Caucasian;
Middle Volga;
Nizhnevolzhsky;
West Siberian;
East Siberian.

The tree is medium-sized, the maximum growth rate is observed in the first 7–8 years. With proper care, the life expectancy of one tree is 40-45 years. In young plants, the crowns are pyramidal in shape, over the years they are rounded. The leaves resemble "boats" - they are folded along the central vein, and the edges are raised, the underside of the leaf is felt-pubescent.

The flowers are whitish-pink, fragrant, the plant itself is cross-pollinated. The best varieties-pollinators: Scarlet anise, Borovinka, Moscow Grushovka. Papirovki apples are medium-sized, peculiar ribs are visible on the surface of the fruit. The skin of a ripe apple is green with a yellowish tint, smooth, with a slight coating of wax. Juicy pulp has a strong aroma. Papirovka is not subject to long-term storage - apples lose their taste and become wadded.

paping, or White filling, bears abundant fruit every year

Variety features:

early ripe - in last days July the first ripened fruits appear;
precocity - fruiting in the 4–5th year of cultivation;
moisture-loving;
ripe fruits do not fall;
short shelf life and susceptibility to mechanical stress - the fruits cannot stand transportation;
mass ripening complicates the task of preserving the crop, which leads to the loss of part of it;
age-related decline in yield;
susceptibility to scab.

Papyro-amber

Subsidiary variety of Papirovki. Papiroyantarnoe - a variety of late summer ripening, zoned in the Urals and Far East. The plant is resistant to various diseases, and also differs in the increased frost resistance. Gives fruits one-dimensional, every year. The average weight of an apple is about 200 g. The skin of the fruit is yellow, denser than that of the initial Papirovka, which makes the apples more transportable and easy to store. juicy pulp, beige colour, has a pronounced aroma.

A feature of the variety is its susceptibility to diseases in years with rainy and cold springs.

Papiroyantarnoye - a daughter variety of Papirovka, bred for cultivation in the Urals and the Far East region

Papier's daughter

The variety is the result of hybridization of varieties Papirovka and Anis scarlet. Zoned in the Middle Volga and Central regions. Medium-sized apples - up to 90 g, ribbing is noticeable in the calyx area. The surface layer of apples is dense and has a whitish-yellow color, a slight gilding of the barrel can be observed. Juicy, with a sweet and sour taste, the flesh is denser than that of the mother variety.

Variety Daughter of Papirovka was originally released in the Ulyanovsk and Samara regions

Distinctive features: the taste and density of the pulp, as well as the presentation of the fruit, which is preserved during long-term storage.

Papirovka's daughter begins to pour in August, by the end of the month the fruits ripen en masse. The variety is early-growing - the first crop can be harvested 4–5 years after planting. The main disadvantages are: a decrease in the yield of old trees, as well as an inverse relationship between the abundance of fruits and their size.

July Chernenko

An early summer variety, a hybrid of Scarlet Anise and Papirovka, zoned in the Central and Middle Volga regions. The tree is medium in size, but fast growing, the crown is dense, ovoid in shape. The leaves are dark, folded along the central vein, the edges of the leaflets bent upwards are finely serrate. Small white flowers are collected in inflorescences.

Crossing experiments were carried out by S.F. Chernenko, whose surname gave the name to the variety.

Apple-tree July Chernenko - one of the earliest summer varieties

July-beginning of August - the fruit ripening period Iyulskoye Chernenko. Apples are medium in size - their weight is about 110-180 g, rounded, with barely visible ribs. The skin is light, greenish, the integumentary color is bright, rich raspberry in color with darker vertical strokes. The peel is covered with a thin layer of wax coating. The pulp with a barely noticeable pale green tint, crisp and juicy. Storage is allowed for 7-10 days in the refrigerator, with overexposure, the taste deteriorates significantly. The July Chernenko needs additional pollination - it is recommended to plant Grushovka Moscow, White filling nearby.

Features of the apple tree July Chernenko:

relatively early-growing variety - bears fruit from 4–5 years of cultivation;
the variety has a high winter hardiness;
low immunity to diseases;
fruiting is characterized by cyclicity;
maturation uneven;
a large amount of carrion when ripe.

Quinty

Canadian variety, hybrid of Crimson Beauty and Red Melba varieties. Regions of admission according to the State Register:

Central Black Earth;
North Caucasian;
Nizhnevolzhsky.

A tree with a spreading, rounded crown, in which the lower tier of branches usually droops. The leaves are dark green, broadly oval, with a crenate margin and light felt pubescence on the underside. During flowering, Quinti is strewn with snow-white large flowers.

The Quinti variety can rightly be called ultra-early - the first apples can be tasted as early as mid-July

Mass maturation occurs in early August. The size of apples is medium, but with a small amount they are larger, there are no ribs on the surface. The dense and fragrant peel of ripe fruits is yellow-green with a raspberry or red spot on most of the surface. Dense pulp initially with a greenish tint, turns yellow during long-term storage, very juicy. The taste is rich, sweet and sour. Maximum shelf life - 10 days.

Culture features:

early-growing variety - yields a crop for the 3rd–4th year;
ultra-early variety;
additional pollination is required;
fruits deteriorate during transportation;
very high immunity powdery mildew, but is strongly affected by scab;
high drought resistance and heat resistance;
resistance to winter conditions decreases from south to north;
pronounced periodicity of fruiting.

silver hoof

A hybrid variety ("parents" - Snezhinka and Raduga) was obtained by L.A. Kotov. Zoned in the Volga-Vyatka, Ural, West Siberian regions. The tree is medium in size, with a dense crown, the leaves are large, dark green, finely serrated along the edge and curved upwards.

Apple-tree variety Silver Hoof - a hybrid obtained from crossing varieties Snezhinka and Raduga

By the 20th of August, most of the fruits begin to pour. Apples of the Silver Hoof are one-dimensional, medium-sized, weigh no more than 100 g. Upon reaching ripeness, they are creamy with a yellow tint, with a bright orange or even red barrel. The skin is tender, the flesh is dense, almost without aroma, sweet and sour taste. Silver hoof needs additional pollination, for example, Anis Sverdlovsk.

Variety features:

fructifies from 3-4 years;
needs additional pollination;
gives a harvest every year;
high frost resistance and drought resistance.

Grushovka Moscow

One of the oldest varieties of natural origin. Regions of admission according to the State Register:

Northern;
Northwestern;
Central;
Volga-Vyatka;
Middle Volga;
Ural;
West Siberian;
East Siberian.

The tree is above average, powerful. The crown of Grushovka is dense, wide, rounded. The leaves are broadly oval, green with a yellowish tint. mass flowering, fragrant flowers pale pink in bunches.

Moscow Grushovka is a widespread variety that can withstand sharp drops in temperature.

Harvest ripens in the first 2 weeks of August. Apples are small (60–100 g), rounded. The peel of the fruit is tender, without ribs, yellowish in color with a pink striped barrel. The pulp saturated with juice is loose and soft, also has a yellowish tint. When overripe and stored for a long time, it becomes tasteless - storage is permissible for no more than 30 days in the vegetable drawer of the refrigerator.

Variety features:

yields a crop with proper care already in the 1st year of cultivation;
additional pollinators are required;
cyclic nature of fruiting - once every 2 years;
very high frost resistance;
almost does not tolerate transportation.

Mantet

Canadian variety, bred by natural pollination of Moscow Grushovka. Recommended for cultivation in the Central, North Caucasian, Middle Volga regions. Medium tree. The leaves are in the form of a wide ellipse, dark green with a crenate edge.

Mantet - Canadian variety, obtained from the domestic Grushovka Moscow

Harvest ripening occurs at the end of July-the first week of August. The mass of an apple is from 90 to 180 g. The fruits are elongated, round in shape, some ribbing is observed at the stalk. The peel of the Mantet is tender, yellow with a greenish tint or completely yellow, but with a scarlet ruddy side. Snow-white, saturated with juices, the pulp tastes sweet and sour. The ripe fruits of Mantet do not lie, they are also poorly transported.

Variety features:

at the age of 3, the first crop appears;
poor keeping quality;
fruits ripen quickly, after which they begin to deteriorate;
inverse relationship between the size of apples and their number;
susceptibility to scab increases during rainy seasons;
does not tolerate low negative temperatures.

Late summer varieties of apple trees

Apple trees, which ripen in mid-August, usually allow celebrants Apple Spas taste fresh fruit.

Melba

Canadian variety obtained by cross-pollination of the well-known McIntosh variety. Regions of admission according to the State Register:

Northwestern;
Central;
Volga-Vyatka;
Central Black Earth;
North Caucasian;
Middle Volga;
Nizhnevolzhsky;
West Siberian;
East Siberian.

Trees of medium height, have a wide-rounded medium dense crown. Leaves oval shape, light green in color with a barely noticeable yellow glow. You can often see that on strong shoots the leaves take on a domed shape - they bend upwards. The flowers are larger than those of related varieties.

Variety Melba got its name in honor of the famous Australian opera singer Nelly Melba

Harvesting is carried out after August 15, may continue until mid-September. Apples are round, slightly elongated from the poles, usually medium-sized - about 120–140 g (sometimes 200 g). The skin is quite dense, covered with a whitish coating, has a light green color. When ripe, the peel of apples becomes whitish-yellow with an elegant striped-red side on most of the fruit. The pulp of Melba soaked in juice is sweet and sour in taste, with a rich aroma.

Variety features:

fructifies from 3–5 years of age;
old trees differ in the frequency of fruiting;
average winter hardiness;
low ability to self-pollination;
exceptional keeping quality for summer apples - the fruits can be stored in the refrigerator until the end of autumn, apples plucked slightly unripe often lie until the middle of winter;
are not damaged during transportation.

On the basis of Melba, the Prima variety was bred in the USA - the first variety not susceptible to scab.

Kovalenkovskoe (Red sweet)

The variety was bred in Belarus, having received its name from the name of one of the authors. Kovalenkovskoye is the result of free pollination of the Lavfam variety. Approved for cultivation in the Central and North-West regions. The apple tree is fast-growing, medium in size, the crown is reverse-pyramidal, very dense, prone to thickening. The leaves are elliptical, with a small-crested edge, dark green in color.

Ripening is unfriendly, the first fruits are observed around August 19, in cooler regions, harvesting can stretch until the second half of September.

Kovalenkovskoe - a variety of Belarusian selection, obtained by G.K. Kovalenko and M.I. Sukhotsky

The weight of one apple ranges from 150 to 210 g. The fruits are slightly elongated, the peel is light green with a blurred scarlet blush. Snow-white fine-grained pulp medium density. The aroma is weak. There is no sourness even in unripe apples. The maximum taste qualities appear in a period of about 2 weeks after removal. It is not recommended to store fruits for more than 50-60 days.

Variety features:

regularly and stably bears fruit from 2–4 years of cultivation;
high resistance to low negative temperatures, medium - to drought;
low resistance to scab during the years of its mass distribution;
strong shoot-forming ability;
the fruits do not fall;
ripening is uneven - the last apples are harvested in the fall.

cinnamon striped

Legendary vintage variety, selection unknown. Regions of admission according to the State Register:

Northern;
Northwestern;
Central;
Volga-Vyatka;
Central Black Earth;
Middle Volga.

The tree is fast growing, powerful, in adulthood the crown is rounded, often spreading. In adult trees, the lower tier of skeletal branches is almost devoid of foliage. The fruits are tied mainly at the tips of the shoots. Flowering is plentiful, massive - the flowers have a light pinkish tint.

The first ripe fruits appear after August 15, mass ripening - in early September. Apples lie no more than 70 days. Cinnamon Striped has round, medium-sized fruits with a firm skin. Apples have a greenish color, when ripe, the color changes to yellow, tinted with stripes of various shades of pink and scarlet. The flesh is beige or slightly pinkish, notable for its sweet taste with barely noticeable sourness and bright notes of cinnamon.

Cinnamon striped - an old variety, mentioned even in the works of famous writers

The variety needs additional pollination, for example, Papirovka and Moscow pear are suitable.

Variety features:

enters fruiting at the 7–8th year, a bountiful harvest is observed only at the age of 10–15 years;
self-infertility;
frost resistance;
high adaptability to any growing conditions;
cyclical fruiting;
yields are modest.

Beauty of the garden

The variety is the result of crossing varieties Suislepskoye and Borovinka. Zoned in the Central region. The trees are powerful, the leaves are broadly ovate, the leaf blade is concave, finely wrinkled.

Mass pouring of apples takes place on the 20th of August. The fruits are medium in size, rounded with barely visible ribs. The peel of apples is porcelain-white, as they ripen, pinkish stripes appear, and the skin acquires a beige-yellow hue. The flesh is light, sour-sweet in taste. The keeping quality of fruits does not exceed 14 days, apples do not tolerate any mechanical influences, including transportation.

Variety features:

abundant crops of a periodic nature;
good winter hardiness;
average immunity to diseases;
the size of apples inversely depends on their number;
for a long time the fruits are stored on the branches.

Lungwort

Variety of authorship S.I. Isaeva, a hybrid of Cinnamon striped and Welsey, not included in the State Register, but having a very wide distribution area. The tree grows quickly, powerful, with a wide rounded crown. The ripening of the first fruits is recorded from August 15. The fruits are small, weighing about 100 g. Ripe apples are greenish-yellow with a blurry pinkish-striped blush. The peel of the fruit is very strong, but not hard. Sweet and juicy lemon-yellow flesh with a distinctive honey-spicy aroma. The fruits are stored for up to 50-60 days, and in cool conditions a little longer - during storage they do not become wadded and tasteless.

Lungwort is considered the best summer variety for its taste.

Lungwort Features:

relatively early-growing variety;
maturation uneven;
fruiting is cyclic;
distinctive immunity to scab;
resistance to adverse winter conditions;
does not tolerate close occurrence of groundwater.

New varieties

Many time-tested varieties of apple trees are losing popularity with gardeners due to the imperfection of their cultivation: periodic yield reduction, susceptibility to scab and other diseases. In addition, often old varieties do well in temperate climates and do not take root in other regions.

Gaia

The variety was included in the State Register in 2016 and recommended for the North Caucasus region. Gaia is positioned as high yielding variety. The leaves are dark green, broadly oval. The tree is tall, fast growing, with a wide crown. Fruit ripening occurs in the last days of July, apples ripen en masse in August. The fruits are large, slightly flattened from the poles, the peel is dense. Ripe apples are yellow-green, shaded by a rich scarlet blush covering 80% of the surface, the striping is barely visible. Juicy and sweet pulp is tender, fine-grained, has a creamy hue. Gaia fruits have a very intense aroma.

Variety features:

high immunity to various diseases;
fruiting annual;
winter and heat resistance, drought resistance.

Summer Red

The variety was included in the State Register in 2016, zoned in the North Caucasus region. Characterized as a variety of late summer ripening, universal. The tree is powerful, fast-growing, with a medium dense crown. The leaves are medium-sized, ellipsoid, with a pointed tip. The surface of the leaves is slightly wrinkled. Fruits Summer Red are very large and reach a weight of 210 g, usually one-dimensional throughout the harvest, ovoid. There is a noticeable slight ribbing. The peel is greenish-yellow in color with a scarlet blush that covers almost the entire apple. The pulp is dense, juicy, fragrant. The taste of Summer Red apples is sweet and sour.

Variety features:

precocious;
winter-hardy, drought-resistant and heat-resistant;
good immunity to diseases and pests.

Summer Red fruits reach 210 g

Minusinsk summer

An early summer variety recommended for cultivation in the East Siberian and West Siberian regions. A large, fast-growing tree with a broad, pyramidal crown. The leaves are medium in size, ellipsoid. The apples are small (55 g), slightly compressed at the poles and have almost imperceptible ribbing. The peel of the fruit is greenish with a yellow tint and raspberry stripes. The taste of apples is sweet, there is a slight sourness.

Variety features:

early-growing variety;
winter hardiness is high, but low resistance to drought;
scab immune variety.

Table: cultivation of summer varieties of apple trees in the regions

Variety name

Paping

Papyro-amber

Papier's daughter

Melba

Mantet

Kovalenkovskoe

Quinty

cinnamon striped

Grushovka Moscow

Beauty of the garden

July Chernenko

Lungwort

silver hoof

Gaia

Summer Red

Minusinsk summer

Region

Northern

Northwestern

Central

Volga-Vyatka

Central Black Earth

North Caucasian

Middle Volga

Nizhnevolzhsky

West Siberian

East Siberian

Ural

Ukraine

Belarus

Video: summer varieties of apple trees

There are different types and varieties of apple trees that require a certain approach to the technology of their cultivation. We will consider the main types of crown formation, in which it is required to observe a certain distance when planting seedlings. You will also be offered the best varieties modern apple trees, which are accompanied short descriptions and photo.

Apple trees are the most popular of all fruit trees - attractive in bloom and rewarding with a harvest. There are, of course, standard or classic apple trees, and this is discussed below, but they are not for the average site. It is much better to grow bushy trees if there is enough space. Where space is limited, a dwarf bushy, cordon row, or compact columnar is a much better choice. There are other types - trellis, fan, spindle-shaped, low horizontal cordons, etc.

With all of these growth patterns, your apple tree variety is very likely to need a pollination partner that blooms around the same time. The standard advice is to plant a pollinator variety in your garden, but in urban areas you will usually find one nearby. You can also grow a self-fertile variety, for example: "Queen Cox", "James Grieve" and "Arthur Turner", photos that can be found below.

The final stage is the collection of fruits. Apples are ready for harvest when they are easily removed with the stalk by lifting and turning slightly. Healthy fruits should be stored wrapped in newspaper and laid out in wooden trays in a cool, dry place.

Terms found in catalogs:

Varieties with periodic fruiting;
Varieties with a good harvest every two years;
Varieties with fruiting on fruit twigs;
Varieties that bear most of the fruit at the ends of annual shoots;
Varieties with fruiting on ringlets;
Varieties that bear all or most of the fruit on very short branches.

At what distance when planting to plant apple trees

At what distance to plant apple trees - largely depends on the variety and spreading of the crown of an adult tree. When planting apple trees, the distance is measured from the laying of the stem culture.

Lime the soil if it is very acidic, and provide a windbreak if the area is open. Plant the plant at the same depth at which it grew (according to the old soil mark); the vaccination site should be at a height of 10cm above the ground.

The distance between apple trees when planting semi-stem crops should be 5 m from each other. The interval for other types of growth is shorter: bushy- 4 m, dwarf bushy- 3m, dwarf bushy on rootstock M27- 2 m, cordons- 1 m, and 60 cm between compact columnar. Now you have information about what distance between apple trees should be when laying a garden.

apple fruit type

Depending on what type of apple fruit was chosen for cultivation, a varied harvest can be obtained.

Term fruiting	Time collection	Period storage
Summer	July - early September	Not stored. Consume within 7 days
autumn	September October	Limited period - 2-3 weeks2 years
Winter	October November	Long - 1-6 months depending on the variety

Types of apple trees and their photos

Bushy types of apple trees are the most popular type, having an open center and a short trunk: bushy 60-75 cm, dwarf bushy - 45-60 cm. They quickly bear fruit and are easy to care for. The size of an adult plant is 2 m on M27 and up to 5.5 m on MM106.

Look at the standard types of apple trees in the photo and evaluate their attractiveness for your site.

big trees, grown on semi-dwarf or vigorous rootstocks, they are suitable only where there is a lot of space and high yields are required. In the standard stem, the height of the stem is 1.8-2 m, in the half-stem, it is 1.2-1.4 m.

Cordon is a single stem tree planted at a 45° angle and tied to a permanent support system. A dwarf rootstock is usually used, and vigorous ones are generally avoided. Constant hard pruning required.

Compact columnar- it has one main trunk with almost no lateral branches, which means that no pruning is required. The height after 5 years is about 2 m, and the special form of growth makes it suitable for lawns, containers and.

Growing apple rootstock

Growing an apple rootstock in many respects depends on its technology on the type of crop growth. The main principles are described below. Bushy and standard apple trees need to be pruned while dormant - the method shown below is the easiest way to prune mature trees. Tapestry, fan forms and cordons are cut in mid-July (southern regions) or early August (other regions).

Remove dry, diseased and damaged branches. Cut out intersecting branches and shoots growing into the center of the crown.

Then, in the inner part of the crown, one shoot is left to continue the leader. Cut out each side shoot that grows inside the crown and above the shoot of the continuation of the leader branch.

In the outer part of the crown, both leaders and side shoots are left.

Harvest from a large number small fruits can be a problem. If this happens, thin out some of the fruiting twigs and cut out some of the side growths.

In a variety with fruiting on fruit twigs, remove dry, diseased and damaged branches.

Then cut out some of the leading shoots and leave all the side shoots with flower buds at their tops.

What are the new best varieties of apple trees: photo and description

We bring to your attention new varieties of apple trees for cultivation on household plots. Below, all varieties of apple trees are accompanied by descriptions and photos, which show individual vegetative parts and the tree as a whole. You can choose for yourself the best varieties of apple trees that allow you to get high yields. So, let's get down to learning what are the best varieties of apple trees that exist in the arsenal of a modern gardener.

ARTHUR TURNER

Autumn variety for culinary processing. The fruits are green with an orange blush. Pros include outstanding flower ornamentality, high yields, and reliability in northern areas. Does not require a pollinator variety.

ASHMEAD'S KERNEL

Winter dessert variety. The fruits are greenish-yellow with reddish-brown. Excellent taste is its only advantage - the apples are small and the yields are low. The traditional season of use is December-February.

BLENHEIM ORANGE

Autumn variety for culinary processing or dessert. The fruits are orange with a red blush and stripes. Best dual purpose apple. Excellent taste and high yields. Two-year fruiting frequency; a tendency to scab.

BRAEBURN

Winter dessert variety. The fruits are reddish green. An apple that is in demand in the UK, but has only recently appeared in orchards. Self fertile variety. The fruits are crispy, juicy, stored for 4 months.

BRAMLEY'S SEEDLING

Autumn variety for culinary processing. The fruits are green. A very popular apple for processing, but this variety is too vigorous for small orchards. Two-year fruiting frequency; partially bears fruit on fruit twigs.

COX'S ORANGE PIPPIN

Autumn dessert variety. The fruits are orange with an orange-red blush with reddish-brown patches. Variety for buying apples in the store, but not for the garden. Capricious, sensitive to frost.

DISCOVERY

Summer dessert. The fruits are bright red. Better than its parent 'Worcester Pearmain' but moderate yields. A good choice for a small garden. It bears fruit both on kolchatka and on fruit twigs.

EGREMONT RUSSET

Summer dessert. The fruits are dull brown with reddish brown areas. The fruits are rather small, but of good taste - piquant and sweet.

GREENSLEEVES

Autumn dessert variety. The fruits are green, turning into pale yellow. This is the one to grow if you are a fan of ‘Golden Delicious’. A high-yielding variety, but the taste deteriorates during storage. It bears fruit both on kolchatka and on fruit twigs.

GRENADIER

Summer variety for culinary processing. The fruits are yellowish green. Common early variety for apple dishes. This is a good garden apple variety - hardy, compact, with excellent taste, but does not keep well.

Winter grade dessert/for culinary processing. The fruits are yellow with a red blush. Outstanding keeping quality during storage - can be stored until April. They can be consumed freshly picked and also used for cooking, but the taste is nothing special.

JAMES GRIEVE

Summer dessert. The fruits are yellow with orange spots and stripes. A reliable and hardy variety that bears abundantly and regularly. The fruits are juicy with a bright taste, but it is stored rather poorly.

Lord Lambourne

Autumn dessert variety. The fruits are greenish-yellow with a red blush and stripes. You can rely on it, as it regularly brings a bountiful harvest in almost any place. It bears fruit both on kolchatka and on fruit twigs.

NEWTON WONDER

Winter grade for culinary processing. The fruits are yellow with a red blush and stripes. Vigorous variety, not suitable for small gardens. Yields are high and the fruit keeps well, but has a two-year fruiting cycle.

ORLEANS REINETTE

Winter dessert variety. The fruits are yellow with a red blush and reddish-brown spots. An 18th century variety that does have problems. Yields are low, and has a two-year fruiting cycle.

Since ancient times, they have been revered among people as prolonging life, rejuvenating.

The skin of green apples contains chlorophyll, which determines their color. It is he who affects the stimulation of immunity, increasing the production of red blood cells in human blood. Nutrients green apples quickly saturate the body, eliminating the feeling of hunger. And for diabetics, it is these varieties of fruit that are useful, since they have less sugar than others.

How good it is to freshen up in the August heat juicy apple. Summer varieties give us such an opportunity:

Among the most famous varieties is Papirovka, which is distinguished high yield, winter hardiness. The fruits of the variety have a greenish tone with a hint of yellowishness. Like all early varieties, the skin of an apple is thin, juicy pulp is hidden under it, which has tenderness. Fruit ripening on the apple tree occurs from July to August. Collect them immediately, otherwise, falling to the ground, they will be badly damaged. To taste Papirovka is slightly sour with a lot of pectins. Fruits are used for marshmallows, jams, compotes. AT fresh they are also good.
Similar to Papirovka variety White pouring, but the color of its fruits has a greenish-yellow tone. This type of popular apple was bred in the Baltic gardens, but won the hearts of many gardeners in other areas. Fruit pulp is pleasant: tender, loose, coarse-grained. Apples give off a faint aroma. Overripe fruits lead to a lack of juiciness, they become tasteless. The fruits are useful for making juices, jams, jams. But they are not suitable for compotes.
The super-early variety is considered to be the Earley Geneva variety with fruits of a green-yellow tone. Already in the first year after planting, the tree bears fruits that cannot be stored for a long time, but have a wonderful sweet and sour taste. The tree gets along well with other varieties, being a good pollinator.

Summer varieties of green apples are rare, they prefer later ripening.

The most popular autumn varieties of green apples:

The undisputed leader of autumn varieties is Antonovka. In September, these fragrant greenish fruits with a thick short stalk are plucked. After a month of storage, they begin to turn yellow and become suitable for human consumption. The taste of the fruit is sweet and sour.
In early autumn, fruits with greenish pulp of the Dachnoye variety are harvested. Apples reach a weight of one hundred to two hundred grams each. Gardeners are attracted by the versatility of using the variety. Fruits can be stored no more than two months.
In mid-September - early October, Anis Sverdlovsk ripens. Small apples are green color with a blush on one side. The pulp of fruits differs in juiciness, white tone. They are sweet in taste with an anise flavor. This species has good winter hardiness.
Greenish apples with a speckled blush are characteristic of Cinnamon New. The apple tree begins to bear fruit in the seventh year of life, but even then it yields crops irregularly. Apples are stored until January. The positive quality of this species is the tenderness of the pulp, a pleasant sweet-sour taste, and a good presentation of the fruit.

Green varieties of apples ripen better at a later date.

Late-ripening varieties of green apples are best known:

The Granny Smith variety is characterized by light green fruits weighing up to three hundred grams. The dense, sour pulp of apples is juicy and low in sugar. The homeland of the variety is Australia, where breeders crossed home view with a wild Frenchman. Granny Smith prefers a temperate climate with mild winters. The juiciness of the fruit depends on the dryness of the summer. They are suitable for making healthy juice. Apples are advised to use to cleanse the body during fasting days.
The variety Moskovskoe later is universal, which begins to bear fruit in the fifth year of life with the formation of large green fruits. You can store them until spring, and even then they delight with juiciness, a pleasant sweet and sour taste.
Sinap Orlovsky winter-hardy, resistant to scab. The yield from one tree averages twenty to forty kilograms, which directly depends on weather conditions. Slightly oblong fruits of a green-yellowish color, when ripe, are covered with a faint blush. Juicy green-cream pulp has a sweet and sour taste. Until May, you can save fruits with high taste properties.
All winter they feast on Kutuzovets apples, which are harvested at the end of September. The fruits of the variety are characterized by a rounded shape, a large mass of 160 grams. They are with a sweet and sour taste of juicy white pulp. grows fruit tree in temperate latitudes, adapted to severe frosts. From one tree you can collect up to 30 kilograms of delicious apples.
Green leaves are attracted by the correct shape of green fruits, their moderate acidity with a low sugar content. The yellow pulp is juicy, dense. Fruits can be stored and transported for a long time. Compotes, jam, marshmallows are produced from them.
Linda's large green fruits have a slight blush. It is distinguished by greenish flesh with a slight sourness and sweetness, since the fruits contain a lot of vitamin C and ten percent sugar. Fruits are stored fresh until March.
The oldest variety from Poland - Koshtelya, which enters the time of fruiting only in the tenth year of life, is liked by many for its pleasant juiciness. But then the tree bears fruit abundantly every second year. It is resistant to scab, quite winter-hardy. Fruits of medium weight are characterized by sweet dense pulp. Fruits keep the taste of freshness until March, they are perfectly suitable for transportation.

Green apples retain their qualities better during the winter, so winter varieties more of this kind.

The main property of dwarf apple trees is their resistance to frost:

The low-growing variety Bratchud was bred by breeders of the Southern Urals. Fruiting begins in the third year after planting. Apples are characterized by a greenish skin, sweet and sour white flesh, little juicy. The fruit crop is stored for three months, but when the air is dry, their taste qualities decrease. The variety is suitable for making compotes, jam.
The white Sun is characterized by rounded fruits of a yellow-green tone. The yield depends on the quality of care for apple trees. The fruits are good both fresh and canned.
Bush crumbs tend to be resistant to cold. The species belongs to the middle years. Round fruits have juicy white pulp, weighing one hundred to two hundred grams. Sweet and sour fruits are used for processing, preparation of canned food.
Sour apples with a small amount of sugar are harvested in the fifth year of the tree's growth. Slightly flattened fruits with green flesh ripen in late summer. Their keeping quality is low, it is better to process apples into compotes, jams.

A fruit tree from planting to picking green apples from it must live for several years in conditions created specifically for it:

Loamy soils with plenty of air are best for apple trees. If you have clay on the site, then you need to add a little peat, coarse river sand to it. For sandy soil - peat, clay, humus.
Trees are afraid of groundwater, located close to the surface of the garden plot.
The optimal time for planting apple trees is the period from September 20 to October 15, and in the spring from April 20.
Drainage is laid out at the bottom of the planting pit in the form of shards of dishes, cans, then - humus, mineral and - a glass of superphosphate, potassium sulfate, a liter jar and three buckets of rotted manure. Then the pit filled to the top with humus is ready for planting a seedling.
A young tree during planting is tied with twine to a peg. The earth around is carefully tamped and watered, sparing no water. It is good to cover the root circle with mulch from peat or earth.

Caring for an apple tree consists in proper watering with loosening the soil in a dry summer. At the end of April, several buckets of manure or five hundred grams of urea are brought under the tree.

At the beginning of flowering, another top dressing is carried out from a kilogram of superphosphates added to slurry (two buckets) or a solution (ten liters), eight hundred grams of potassium sulfate. The third time they feed after the apple trees have faded. A kilogram of nitrophoska, twenty grams of dry sodium humate are added to a two-hundred-liter barrel of water. Fertilizers are applied for the last time after harvesting before preparing the plant for winter.

In rainy summers, fertilizers can be applied dry, scattering them in the area of the root circle.

Bushes are carried out in order to destroy diseased and damaged shoots. When carrying out the operation, it is necessary to ensure that the central main branch is higher than the skeletal shoots, which should be located away from each other. Proper care will allow the apple tree to delight you with high yields of healthy green fruits.

More information can be found in the video:

The birthplace of apples is rightfully considered Central Asia. The fruits of this fruit tree can be different in color, size and taste. In gardens, you can often find yellow, green, red, as well as multi-colored fruits, which can reach a weight of 70 to 350 grams each. The most useful and delicious are red apples, which are rich in vitamins and macronutrients.

Distinctive features

The apple tree is one of the most common fruit trees in Russia. A red apple can be called a decoration of the garden. The foliage of this tree has an oblong shape and a green color. The tree blooms with beautiful white flowers. Apples of these varieties can be colored in different shades red and have white, cream and red flesh, depending on the variety.

This fruit is unusually rich in vitamins B, C, A, E, K. In addition, the composition is characterized by a high content of iron, unlike green and yellow apples, as well as magnesium, potassium and phosphorus, organic acids and protein. The use of red apples is an opportunity not only to add strength to the body and strengthen the immune system, but also to improve vision, the functioning of the stomach, intestines, heart, and liver. Red apples are rich in easily digestible iron, which is useful for saturating the blood.

The appearance of these healthy fruits is quite attractive, so red apples are often grown for trade. By following the simple rules for caring for a tree, every summer resident or gardener will be able to grow a plant that will provide him with an unusually useful product.

apple classification

Like any other crop grown in our country, red apples can differ from each other in terms of ripening, color, size, taste, shape, resistance to diseases and low temperatures, therefore, before planting, it is worth carefully studying all the characteristics of the plant.

By maturity

Early

Early varieties of this fruit are also called summer. Often they are used for fresh consumption.

But for processing, canning and sales, the early red apple is used quite often. The most popular of these varieties can be called the following.

Vista Bella. The tree of this variety is quite tall, characterized by a dense crown. The fruits are round, slightly flattened, weighing from 150 to 200 grams. The peel has a significant density, it is colored red and covered with yellow-green spots. White flesh is pleasant to the taste, sweet with a sour taste. The tree is characterized by low resistance to low temperatures.
"Red Early" gives fragrant crops already in late July - early August. The tree of this variety has a small size and crown. The fruits are not large, very tasty and attractive in appearance. The plant is self-pollinating and begins to bear fruit by the fourth year of life. "Red early" refers to drought-resistant varieties. Of the minuses of the variety, one can single out the shedding of ripe fruits, a decrease in the size of the fruit over time

Mid-season

Red apples with mid-season fruiting can be stored for one to three months. The harvest time is at the end of summer - the beginning of the first autumn month. These fruits are great for seaming and freezing, but adults and children prefer to eat them fresh. The following mid-ripening varieties of red apple are interesting.

Late

Late varieties of red apple are also commonly called winter. They are usually grown for sale. Fruits are characterized by excellent commercial qualities and transportability. Popular winter varieties.

"Gloucester York" considered a dessert variety of apples, its homeland is Germany. Fruit ripening occurs by the end of September. Fruits have a red skin, they are large, they can weigh about 200 grams. The fruit with a conical shape pleases the consumer with a sweet taste, in which a subtle sourness appears. The plant begins to bear fruit in the fifth year of life, yielding a crop of about 70 kilograms. The disadvantages of the variety include its low resistance to diseases and the need for the presence of a pollinator. Gloucester York is a hardy variety.
"Jonathan" characterized by small fruits, which in weight reach 130 grams. The fruits have a conical shape, rounded at the top. The main color is red, but sometimes you can see the presence of orange stripes. The pulp is crispy, with a pleasant bright aroma. The tree is small, but its crown is thick and wide. The fruits keep well until May. Depending on climatic conditions and care, the yield of the variety ranges from 18 to 85 kilograms per tree.
"Liberty". This variety of red apples was the result of the work of American breeders. The fruit is medium in size and can reach 150 grams in weight. The shape of the apples is round, they have a thin dark cherry skin. Juicy and dense pulp is pleasant in taste, characterized by sweetness with a slight sourness.

By yield

When choosing a red apple variety for planting, each owner wants to end up with abundant harvests of fragrant fruits. But not only the characteristics of the plant play a role in the volume of the crop, watering, feeding and pruning the tree are also important. Of the highest yielding varieties, the following can be distinguished.

"Melba". Apples of the variety are small in size, round in shape, tender flesh with a juicy texture and wine sweet taste. The first harvest of fruit can be carried out in the third year of the life of the apple tree in July or early August. "Melba" bears fruit regularly, the yield is about 150 kilograms of apples from one tree.
"Stark-Erlist" - It is an early summer variety of red apple. The fruits are rounded, orange-red with stripes. The pulp is characterized by roughness, medium juiciness. The plucked fruit is stored very little. "Stark-Erlist" gives regular abundant harvests of apples, which are about 140 kilograms per plant.
"Saffron summer"- A high yielding fruit variety. The fruits of the apple tree are characterized by a flat-round shape and excellent taste. Fruits do not last long. This variety is resistant to drought, scab.

To size

The main indicators of an apple variety are the weight and size of its fruits. Taking into account these characteristics, the following varieties of red apples are distinguished depending on the size of the fruit.

Small-fruited. The fruits of these varieties weigh from 10 to 50 grams. These include the following types: “Long”, “Chinese Saninskaya”, “Purple Ranetka”.
Medium sized varieties characterized by fruits from 50 to 100 grams in weight. These include Loiko, Melba, Macintosh.
large fruit trees give fruits weighing over 100 grams - this is the variety "Persian", "Idared", "Antey".

By winter hardiness

Each region has its own climatic features, which should be considered when choosing a red apple variety for planting. In a harsh and cold climate, frost-resistant varieties should be preferred.

"Altai Crimson". This is an autumn apple variety, the fruits of which are stored for about two months. The yield of the plant is from 20 to 40 kilograms per season. The fruit has a sweet and sour taste and weighs about 30 grams.
"Bayan", which ripens by the beginning of September. Fruits are characterized by keeping quality up to four months. The first harvest can be harvested for 3-4 years of tree life. The variety is high-yielding, but this indicator is periodic. Apples have a dense structure, good juiciness, pleasant aroma, while they weigh from 80 to 140 grams.
"Treasured". This variety belongs to winter and fast-growing. The fruits of the apple tree are small, but can be stored for about five months. The fruit is juicy, sweet and sour in taste, has strawberry notes.
"Spartan". The plant produces a crop by September, which can be stored until spring. Fruiting is characterized by generosity, but unevenness. The pulp has great juiciness, it is crispy with a pronounced wine aroma.

For resistance to pests

"In memory of Tikhomirov". The variety is resistant to infections, as well as low temperatures. At the end of summer, it gives its owners a bountiful harvest of sweet, juicy fruits with creamy flesh.
"Lungwort"- high-yielding variety of red apple. The fruits are tasty and have a characteristic honey smell. The immunity of this variety to pests, as well as scab and rot, is quite high.

By zoning region

For the Moscow region and central Russia, where the climate is unstable, there is not enough light and short summer period, These types of apples are best suited.

For the Urals and Siberia, it is worth choosing those varieties of apples that have good frost resistance, drought resistance, are rarely attacked by pests and diseases, and have early fruit ripening. It is recommended to plant "Aksenu", "Vem-souvenir", "Anis Sverdlovsky" in this territory.

You will learn more about frost-resistant varieties of apples that can be grown in Siberia in the following video.

The apple tree is considered an ancient fruit tree with a wide variety of varieties, which is why it is often difficult for a gardener to make a choice in favor of one plant or another. It's no secret that everyone would like to get abundant regular apple harvests without spending a lot of effort.

First of all, it is worth deciding on the use of fruits. If they will be consumed only fresh or processed immediately after harvest, then the choice should be stopped on early varieties. If apples are grown for sale and there is a desire to store them all winter, then this is the best fit for this. late variety plants.

It is also worth taking into account the climatic features of the territory, temperature changes, the severity of winters and the dryness of summers. If the climate of the territory does not suit the culture, then all the efforts of the gardener will be in vain, as a result, you may not get a crop at all.

If you decide to supplement your garden with an apple tree that produces red fruits, then study the characteristics of the variety in detail. Only the right choice will allow you to get a healthy and tasty harvest every year.

A dacha resident, visiting the market of farmers or producers of seedlings, will be amazed by the variety of varieties of apple trees, and all of them have delicious fruits in their own way.

However, this will only be a small selection of varieties from more than 7500 varieties grown all over the world. And sometimes it is very difficult to determine by appearance what kind of apple tree is in front of you.

Often it is simply impossible to tell by the appearance of an apple what kind of variety is in front of you - there will be too many options that are similar to each other.

But often the task is to make sure before buying a seedling that they are selling you exactly the variety for which the seller gives it out. This task is already easier to solve. You will need to find and print out in advance a description and a photo of the variety you need (from a reliable source), and already when buying, carefully check with the appearance of the proposed seedling.

Often, already by the color of the bark, the shape of the leaves, the angle of inclination of the branches from the central trunk and other signs, one can see that the seedling does not somehow correspond to the description from the register of varieties, and then you should refrain from buying. These features will be discussed in this article.

How to determine by a tree what kind of apple tree is in your hands? Varieties are determined by the following features:

bark color;
by skin color, fruit size;
apple size;
aroma and hardness of apples;
the shape of the root and leaf blade and many other parameters.

So how do you know what's in front of the buyer?

Of the variety of apple trees, there are those that are easiest to recognize . They have pronounced distinctive features, which allows them to be quickly identified.

For example, it is impossible not to know apple tree Antonovka ordinary, because apples of such a fragrant bouquet are peculiar only to this variety. But what if the mother tree is far away, and in front of the buyer there is only a plate with "advertising" fruits, and bunches of seedlings. It's more difficult here.

After all, the identification of varietal characteristics in a seedling requires the study of all the main morphological characters of each variety. And there are many of them, and this is a real problem for a simple gardener.

And first you need to find out young bark color and leaf shape that the proposed variety has, and then fruit ripening period until their ripeness. And at the very end look at color, shape and other characteristics of the fetus itself.

IMPORTANT! Find out in advance all the varietal characteristics of the apple tree using pomology, and only then look for its seedlings in order to check the compliance of the seedling with the description before buying!

Along the crown of the tree

Already in a young seedling it is noticeable what branch specificity and like a tree in the future. So, for example, sharp corners between a branch and a trunk, and the branching itself, similar to to the pyramid- This is a serious sign in determining the grade. So, for the variety type "Ural bulk" are characterized by almost drooping branches.

Ural bulk apple.

According to the external signs of a seedling?

The crown of the seedling in shape happens:

reverse pyramidal;
pyramidal;
spherical;
round-ovoid;
sprawling.

Crown shape.

Varieties also differ in the formation of branches of the next order and the type of branching itself (strong, weak). Branches and twigs are thin and thick.

CAREFULLY! When choosing seedlings, carefully inspect them so as not to bring them to the site. dangerous pests or illness.

By ripening time

According to the period of fruit formation apple varieties are divided into:

summer;
autumn;
winter.

And according to them keeping quality: there are small and long-lived ones, and if for “summer apples” the maximum shelf life is 21 days, then soft “winter apples” can be stored for almost 9 months!

By seeds

Seeds in an apple are:

densely closed with seed cupules;
half open;
fully open.

The apple seeds themselves are divided into small, medium and large. And their colors vary light and dark shades of brown or grayish chestnut. In form they are:

flat and plump;
long and short ones.

By bark color

Also a sign of the variety is young bark color, which happens on the branches of last year's growth. She happens:

grayish grassy;
brownish mouse;
dark gray;
light coffee;
yellow chocolate;
reddish chestnut;
brown.

For example, an old variety of apple trees from the EU " Ebony» named for the black-brown color of the bark of most twigs and branches.

By the leaves

The most important indicator of each variety type is its leaves. They may differ in size, configuration, color and curvature along the central leaf vein.

To size leaves are:

large;
medium size;
small.

By configuration:

oblong;
ellipsoid;
ovoid;
obovate;
almost round.

Along the edge of the sheet

Another important feature for determining a variety is the edge of the leaf blade, which happens:

crenate (slices of the indented edge are large or small, but always rounded);
serrated (slices are sharp).

But occasionally there are serrated and double-crested.

NOTE! White filling has leaves with a serrated edge, while Papirovka has a crenate leaf edge.

By flower (during flowering)

By the flowers themselves (their shade and shape of the petals), only a professional can determine the variety. But by flowering time apple trees it is already easier to determine what kind of variety type.

Only a professional can determine the variety by the shape of the flower.

Because the apple trees are blooming from 8 days to two weeks, and these terms are constant for each particular variety. Only with a sharp cold snap or dank weather, flowering stretches for two decades.

Attention! Sometimes the color of the petals can change due to top dressing with micronutrients, so this is not a reliable indicator of grading!

Fruit shape

Also appearance of the apple itself is used as a sign of determining the variety. On our website, this is one of the most popular questions - "Help identify the variety from the photo of an apple."

How to find out the variety of an apple tree by an apple? For research, we take typical fruits from the studied tree (those that are most often found on the studied apple tree) and which are well lit by the sun.

In order to determine the variety of apple trees by fruits, they are first classified by size. They are divided into:

very large;
large;
large;
medium;
below average;
small;
tiny (berry forms of apple trees).

According to the shape of the fruit apples are divided into:

planar;
semicircular;
flat-round or oval;
correctly wide-conical;
back conical;
conical;
ellipsoid;
rounded with edges;
elongated oval;
round-cylindrical;
cylinder-like.

Apple fruit shapes.

According to the chemical composition of the apple

How to determine the apple variety by apple from the point of view of science? It is possible to determine the grade by the chemical composition of an apple. But for summer residents and small gardeners it will be very difficult. But according to the state of the apple pulp itself, the definition is quite possible. So pulp happens:

cast;
loose;
tender;
tough.

Useful videos

In this video you will see a description of the main winter varieties of apple trees:

The video below describes the main early summer varieties of apple trees:

Description of the autumn varieties of apple trees, see the video below:

Conclusion

Having learned the features of the structure of the apple tree, the departure of skeletal branches, the configuration of the leaves, the type of leaf edge, you can make sure even before fruiting whether the purchased seedling is the variety indicated by the seller.

The above in the article tips are easy, and if you stick to them, then when buying apple seedlings, the owner will be better protected from changing the variety.

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