The heating system is divided into two types: single-pipe and double-pipe. Obviously, it is most profitable to install a more efficient one that will not only cope with its functions, but will also serve you for many years. So as not to be left “in the cold” and not make a mistake with the choice of heating system.

You need to thoroughly understand which heating system is best for you and why.

Thus, you will know which system is better from a technical point of view and how to choose it, taking into account your budget.

High water pressure ensures a natural cycle, and antifreeze makes the system more economical.

Disadvantages of a one-pipe system - a very complex thermal and hydraulic calculation of the network, since if you make an error in the calculations of devices, it is very difficult to eliminate it.

Also, this is a very high hydrodynamic resistance and an involuntary number of heating devices on one line.

The coolant flows into everything at once and is not subject to separate adjustment.

In addition, there are very high heat losses.

In order to be able to regulate the operation of individual devices connected to one riser, bypasses (closing sections) are connected to the network - this is a jumper in the form of a piece of pipe connected by the forward and return radiator pipes, with taps and valves.

To be able to regulate the temperature of each separately, the bypass allows you to connect auto-thermostats to the radiator.

In addition, this also makes it possible, in the event of a breakdown, to replace or repair individual devices without turning off the entire heating system.

Single-pipe heating is divided into vertical and horizontal:

• vertical – this is connecting all batteries in series from top to bottom.
• horizontal - This serial connection everyone heating devices on all floors.

Due to the accumulation of air in the batteries and pipes, so-called traffic jams occur, which is a disadvantage of both systems.

Installation of a one-pipe system

The connection is made according to the diagram, using taps to vent the radiators, which close the taps and plugs.

System pressure testing - after which coolant is poured into the battery and the system is directly adjusted.

Two-pipe heating system

The advantage of a two-pipe heating system – this is the installation of automatic thermostats, which gives full control of the temperature in individual rooms.

This also includes the independence of operation of circuit devices, which is ensured by a special collector system.

The difference between a two-pipe system and a one-pipe system is that additional batteries can be connected to the first after connecting the main ones, as well as the possibility of extension in vertical and horizontal directions.

Unlike the single-pipe system, it is also possible to easily correct errors.

Disadvantages of this system are minimal if you have enough material resources and have the opportunity to call a specialist.

Installation of a heating system with lower horizontal piping

This system allows the tank to be positioned open type in a comfortable warm place. Also, it is possible to combine expansion and supply tanks allowing you to use hot water directly from the heating system itself.

On systems with forced circulation To reduce pipe consumption, the outlet and supply risers are located at the level of the first.

Almost all heating systems currently available in any buildings and structures can be classified into one of the two classes mentioned in the title of this article.

The question of whether a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system is better can only be answered by carefully understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each of the options considered.

Characteristics of a single-pipe home heating system

Which heating system is more efficient, one-pipe or two-pipe? It is impossible to answer this question unambiguously.

Single-pipe CO has all the basic elements inherent in any heating system. The main ones are:

• A heating boiler that runs on any type of fuel that is most available at the location of the heated building. It can be a gas, solid fuel or liquid fuel boiler. The type of fuel used by the boiler does not have any effect on the heating circuit;
• Pipes through which the coolant circulates;
• Shut-off equipment for various purposes (valves, gate valves);
• Heating appliances and thermometers;
• Valves for bleeding air. Placed on radiators (Maevsky taps) and at the top point of the CO;
• Drain tap (at the lowest point of CO);
• Expansion tank of open or closed type.

Advantages of using single pipe systems

The difference between a one-pipe heating system and a two-pipe one is that the first is by far the simplest and in an effective way heating buildings up to 150 m2.

Installation circulation pump and the use of modern technical solutions make it possible to guarantee the required temperature parameters in heated rooms. Therefore, answering the question of whether to choose a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system, among the undeniable advantages of the first system it should be noted:

Versatility of installation. Such a system can be installed in a building of any configuration, and a closed loop guarantees the movement of the coolant along the entire perimeter of the heated premises.
Unlike two-pipe, single-pipe CO can be installed in such a way that heating of the premises begins from the coldest side of the building (north), regardless of where the boiler is installed, or from the most important rooms (children's room, bedroom, etc.).

Installation of the system requires a minimum number of pipes and shut-off and control equipment; complete installation of the system is carried out in much less time than a system with two pipes. All this allows you to get serious savings in funds allocated for construction work.

The system allows the installation of pipes directly on the floor or under it, which allows you to implement any design solutions in the premises.

The scheme provides for serial and parallel connection of heating devices, which makes it possible to control and regulate the temperature in them;

If certain installation requirements are met, the system can be made in a non-volatile version. In the event that the pump stops due to a power failure, the coolant supply line is switched to a parallel branch. In this case, CO, from the version with forced circulation (PC), switches to natural circulation (EC).

Disadvantages inherent in the specified CO option

Two-pipe or one-pipe heating system for a private house? When assessing the pros and cons, it should be taken into account that the main disadvantage of single-pipe CO is the fact that the heating devices are connected in series. And this, during operation, eliminates the possibility of effectively adjusting the temperature in one of them, without it affecting the remaining radiators.

The factor influencing the choice of whether a two-pipe or one-pipe heating system for a private house will be installed at your facility; do not forget about the disadvantage of the latter, such as increased pressure in the system compared to the two-pipe option. This can be achieved by increasing the power of the circulation pump installed in the system, which entails an increase in operating costs and increases the likelihood of leaks, and also requires more frequent addition of coolant to the system.

The system requires vertical filling. And this automatically determines the placement expansion tank attic space and, accordingly, solving the issue of its insulation.

If similar system is installed in a two-story building, then another problem arises. The temperature of the water entering the first floor may differ by almost 50% from that initially supplied to the second floor. To avoid this, it is necessary to install additional jumpers on each floor, and the number of sections of heating devices on the first floor should significantly exceed that installed on the second.

Which heating system is more efficient, one-pipe or two-pipe? We have already considered the first one. Let's look at the second one.

Such a system a priori implies the presence of two pipelines located around the perimeter of the heated room. Radiators are inserted between them, which dampen pressure drops and create hydraulic jumpers. However, the problems created by this can be leveled out due to the correct configuration of the CO.

• Two-pipe systems can be vertical and horizontal, depending on the location of the supply and return (parallel to the ceilings or perpendicular to them). However, it should be understood that mounted in apartment buildings the circuit is essentially a horizontal two-pipe CO.

  A two-pipe vertical one will be obtained in the case when the radiators are installed not in the gaps of the risers (as in the case described above), but between the supply and return.

• Associated and dead-end SOs. The first type includes systems in which hot water, passing through the radiator, moves in the same direction along the return line. If after the heating device the direction of movement of the coolant changes, the system is classified as a dead end.

  The required option is selected taking into account the presence of CO pipes on the line doorways, which are quite difficult to bypass, it is easier to return the water in the direction in which it came.

• With bottom and top filling.
• With natural (EC) and forced (PC) circulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

Schemes of one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems are compared according to their inherent advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the second system are:

1. The supply of coolant to all heating devices at the same temperature, which allows you to set your own required temperature for a specific room;
2. Lower pressure losses in the lines, which allows the use of a lower power pump (saving operating costs);
3. The system allows installation in buildings of any size and number of floors;
4. Availability shut-off valves allows you to perform preventive maintenance and repairs without stopping the entire CO.

All existing heating systems can be divided into two groups:

• single-pipe;
• two-pipe.

To answer the question: which heating system is better, one-pipe or two-pipe, it is necessary to understand on what principle each of them works.

This will clearly indicate the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, and will also help to make the most optimal choice, both technically and in terms of the necessary means, to understand whether a single-pipe or two-pipe heating system is more suitable.

Videos about the types of heating systems can be easily found on the World Wide Web.

Advantages of a single-pipe heating system

• fewer materials and tools;
• hydrodynamic stability;
• less labor intensive design and installation;
• absence special requirements to infrastructure.

But with all these advantages, we can say with complete confidence that a single-pipe system is far from the most best scheme, according to which heating can be realized. Still, the main reason why the single-pipe system has become widespread in our country is the undeniable saving of material.

Single-pipe heating system: operating principle

Such a system has one riser (main pipe). Through it, heated water (or any other coolant) rises to the upper floors of the building (if it is a multi-story building).

All heating devices (units for heat transfer - batteries or radiators) are connected in series to the downward line.

Modernization of single-pipe heating systems

A technical solution has been developed that makes it possible to regulate the operation of each individual heating device.

It consists of connecting special closing sections (bypasses), which make it possible to integrate radiator automatic thermostats into heating systems. What other benefits are possible when installing bypasses? We'll talk about this in more detail later.

The main advantage of this modernization is that in this case it becomes possible to regulate the heating temperature of each battery or radiator. In addition, you can completely shut off the coolant supply to the device.

Thanks to this, such a heating device can be repaired or replaced without shutting down the entire system.

The bypass is a bypass pipe equipped with valves or taps. At correct connection such fittings to the system, it will allow you to redirect the flow of water along the riser, bypassing the heating device being repaired or replaced.

It is not difficult to understand that the task of installing such devices into a system with your own hands is hardly possible to solve, even if there is a detailed instructions. In this case, it is impossible to do without the participation of a specialist.

A heating system with one main riser must be equipped with heating devices that have improved reliability characteristics. Any devices in a one-pipe system must withstand high blood pressure and high temperature.

Vertical and horizontal riser diagram

According to the implementation scheme itself, single-stack heating comes in two types:

• vertical;
• horizontal.

If heating appliances are connected from the top floor to the bottom, this is a vertical riser. If the batteries are connected in series to each other throughout all rooms of a floor of a building, this is a horizontal riser.

Disadvantages of a single-pipe heating system

• complexity of thermal and hydraulic calculations of the network;
• difficulty in eliminating errors in the calculations of heating devices;
• interdependence of the operating characteristics of all devices on the network;
• increased hydrodynamic resistance;
• limiting the number of heating devices on one riser;
• inability to regulate batteries and radiators with regulators (pictured below)

Important!
If you connect more than ten heating devices (for example, eleven) to a vertical riser, then on the first radiator in the network the water temperature will be about 105 ° C, and on the last one - 45 ° C.

Single-stack heating in individual construction

If heating with one main riser is installed in a one-story building, then it will be possible to get rid of at least one significant drawback of such a scheme - uneven heating.

If such heating is implemented in multi-storey building, then the upper floors will be heated much more intensively than the lower floors. This will lead to a situation where it is cold on the first floors of the house, and hot on the upper floors.

A private house (mansion, cottage) is rarely more than two or three floors high. Therefore, installing heating, the scheme of which was described above, does not threaten that the temperature on the upper floors will be much higher than on the lower floors.

Two-pipe heating system: advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of a two-pipe manifold system

• It becomes possible to install automatic thermostats for radiators or radiators. In this case, such devices are provided at the system design stage;
• Pipes according to this scheme are routed throughout the premises through a special collector system. If one of the elements in the system fails or begins to operate unstably, this does not in any way affect the operation of the remaining devices in the circuit;
• In other words, with a two-pipe system, the elements of the thermal circuit are connected in parallel, unlike in series - with a single-pipe system.

The main disadvantages of a two-pipe heating system

• heating becomes more complex according to the connection diagram;
• the price of the project requires more funds;
• installation of the circuit is more labor-intensive.

Where are two-pipe heating systems used:

• in individual housing construction;
• in so-called “elite” housing projects;
• high-rise buildings (with overhead wiring)

Important!
When designing buildings with more than 9-10 storeys, it is better to use either a single-pipe system with horizontal floor-to-floor wiring, or a two-pipe system with upper vertical wiring.
This will ensure better circulation.

Advantages of two-pipe collector heating

• reduced hydrodynamic resistance;
• possibility of independent temperature control in each room.

Before starting, the collector heating system requires careful preset. For correct installation, installation and operation of a two-pipe system requires the availability of appropriate infrastructure.

Options for wiring diagrams of a two-pipe system

Upper wiring

A system with top wiring is suitable for natural circulation (without the use of pumps) (). It has lower hydrodynamic resistance. In this case, the upper supply main pipe is partially cooled. Due to this, additional coolant circulation pressure is generated.

Bottom wiring

In a system with bottom wiring, both the supply and discharge pipes are located nearby.

There are such modifications of the lower wiring:

So, is the heating system one-pipe or two-pipe? In each case it is necessary to have preliminary calculations and the project (see), on the basis of which both heating devices and the main pipes themselves will be selected (see). Final decision only for you.

For every private household, the installation of a heating system is considered one of the fundamental issues. Modern technologies construction offer two options: one-pipe or two-pipe system.

Here it is important not to cheapen out by trying to reduce installation costs and purchasing materials. And only after understanding the operating principle of these systems, their advantages and disadvantages, can you make the right choice.

The operation of a single-pipe heating system occurs according to sufficient simple principles. There is only one closed pipeline through which the coolant circulates. Passing through the boiler, the medium heats up, and passing through the radiators imparts this heat to them, after which, cooled, it again enters the boiler.

There is also only one riser in a single-pipe system, and its location depends on the type of building. So, for one-story private houses in the best possible way A horizontal scheme is suitable, while for multi-storey buildings - a vertical one.

Pay attention! To pump coolant through vertical risers, a hydraulic pump may be needed.

To improve the efficiency of a single-pipe system, several improvements can be made. For example, install bypasses - special elements that are pipe sections connecting the forward and return radiator pipes.

This solution makes it possible to connect thermostats to the radiator that can control the temperature of each heating element, or completely disconnect them from the system. Another advantage of bypasses is that they allow you to replace or repair individual heating elements without shutting down the entire system.

Installation features

To heating system for many years gave warmth to the owners of the house, during the installation process it is worth adhering to the following sequence of actions:

• According to the developed project, the boiler is installed.
• The pipeline is being installed. In places where the project provides for the installation of radiators and bypasses, tees are installed.
• If the system operates on the principle of natural circulation, it is necessary to ensure a slope of 3-5 cm per meter of length. For a forced circulation circuit, a slope of 1 cm per meter of length will be sufficient.
• For systems with forced circulation, a circulation pump is installed. It is worth considering that the device is not designed for operation at high temperatures, so it would be better to install it near the entrance of the return pipe to the boiler. In addition, the pump must be connected to the electrical network.
• Installation of expansion tank. An open type tank should be located at the highest point of the system, a closed type - at any convenient location(most often it is installed near the boiler).
• Installation heating radiators. They weigh a lot (especially when filled with water), so they are secured using special brackets, which are usually included in the kit. Installation is most often carried out under window openings.
• Additional devices are being installed - Mayevsky taps, plugs, shut-off devices.
• The final stage - testing finished system, for which water or air is supplied into it under pressure. If the tests do not reveal problem areas, the system is ready for operation.

When designing a heating system, the question arises: “What kind of heating system will we make? Single-pipe or double-pipe?” In this article we will figure out what these systems are and what is their difference. To make everything clear, let's start with definitions.

Definitions of one-pipe and two-pipe systems.

• Single-pipe - (abbreviated OCO) is a system in which all heating devices (radiators, convectors, and so on, abbreviated as software) are connected to the boiler in series using one pipe.
• Two-pipe - (abbreviated DSO) is a system in which two pipes are supplied to each PO. According to one of them, the coolant is supplied from the boiler to the boiler (it is called supply), and according to the other, the cooled coolant is discharged back to the boiler (it is called “return”).

To complete the description, we add two more definitions. According to these definitions, there is a division based on the principle of laying the supply line:

• With top wiring - the hot coolant is first supplied from the boiler to the highest point of the system, and from there the coolant is supplied to the software.
• With bottom wiring - the hot coolant is first removed horizontally from the boiler, and then rises up the risers to the software.

Single pipe heating system.

As described above, in OSO all heating devices are connected in series. Passing through them, the coolant will cool, so the “closer” the radiator is to the boiler, the hotter it will be. This fact must be taken into account when calculating the number of heating radiator sections. The “farther” the radiator is from the boiler, the lower the coolant temperature in it will be and the more sections will be needed for heating. Bottom distribution is possible only for houses with one floor and forced circulation in the system. With two or more floors, an upper pipe distribution is already required.

There are two types of OSO:

1. OSO, in which heating devices are installed on a “bypass” (bypass jumper).
2. Flow-through OSO - all devices are connected in series without jumpers.

The second type is unpopular due to the difficulty of regulating the temperature in radiators, which is caused by the fact that it is impossible to use special fittings (thermostatic valves). Since when closing or reducing the flow through one radiator, the flow through the entire riser decreases. The main advantage of OCO is the lower cost of components and easier installation. The most popular version of the single-pipe system is the Leningradka.

What is "Leningradka"?

According to legend, this system got its name from the city where it was first used. But of course this cannot be reliably confirmed, and I don’t really want to. So, “Leningradka” is a single-pipe heating system in which the software is installed on the “bypass”. This allows you to regulate the temperature of individual radiators or convectors or turn them off altogether, if necessary. All the advantages and disadvantages of a single-pipe system are inherent in the Leningrad system, so for distant radiators it is necessary to increase the number of sections. Possible various options pipe routing:

• Horizontal - the pipe lies in a horizontal plane and radiators are already installed on it.
• Vertical - the pipe runs vertically through the floors and radiators are connected to it.

OSO type “Leningradka” is best used for small private houses where the number of floors does not exceed two. For large cottages with extended heating systems, such a “Leningrad” is not suitable.

An example of the implementation of "Leningradka"

Two-pipe heating system.

The main advantage of DSO is that the coolant arrives to all software equally hot. This allows you to avoid increasing the number of sections on “distant” radiators. That is, what happens most efficient use heating devices. The presence of two separate pipes for supply and return makes the installation of such a system more expensive. For this type of system, both upper and lower pipe routing and horizontal or vertical piping are possible.

In addition, DSO may differ in the direction of coolant flow:

• Dead-end systems - water in the supply and return pipes flows in different directions.
• Flow-through systems - water in the supply and return pipes flows in one direction.

Drawing from the book “Heating and water supply” country house» Smirnova L.N.
The two-pipe system can be used for houses of any size, but it is most suitable for large cottages. Its use will allow you to change the flow rate of individual radiators without affecting all others. That is, it will be possible to use various room thermostats, which will allow you to create comfortable conditions for all residents.

Summary of the article.

The question of choosing the type of heating system depends on several factors:

• Your budget
• The area of ​​your home.
• Features of the internal structure of the house. For example, number of floors
• Number of heating devices.

Most often, for small country houses(no more than 2 floors) a single-pipe system is better suited, and for large cottages (with 2 or more floors and a long length of pipelines) a two-pipe heating system will be more effective. It is better to discuss specific features of the implementation of a particular system with a professional designer.