Choosing glue for wood. Which wood glue is best?

Wood in our life.
Nature has endowed wood with such a unique set of qualities that no other material on earth has: environmental friendliness, wear resistance, richness of textures, etc. It is impossible to list all the areas of its application. Here's just a short list:
construction;
furniture;
paper production;
musical instruments;
toys;
household utensils.
Despite the fact that this material is quite durable, it also tends to break, crack and split into pieces. In order to bring a damaged item back to life, wood gluing is necessary.

Factors influencing the choice of wood glue.
Mankind has invented a considerable number of adhesive compounds for woodworking. To know how to glue wood with best result, you need to have information about the range and characteristics of adhesives.
When deciding which glue to use, you need to take into account a wide variety of factors that may influence your choice. For example:
type of operation (glue a broken stool or connect thin carved fragments);
a set of connectable textures (glue wood to wood or fix it to metal, fabric, leather, etc.);
conditions under which the objects being glued will be used;
expected connection reliability;
time required for gluing;
price.
Expert advice: no matter what composition you use, to achieve strong adhesion you must follow general rules: thoroughly clean in advance, degrease well and dry the areas to be joined. And one more thing: the thinner the adhesive seam, the stronger the joint.

Overview of glue varieties.
BF:
Several formulations are produced under this brand, which are distinguished by digital markings. How higher figure in the marking, the higher the ductility and the lower the strength. BF-2 is suitable for fastening rigid structures that are not subject to bending and vibration. BF-4 is more elastic, but the strength of the adhesive seam is slightly lower than that of BF-2. Which type is best to use depends on your tasks.
Technology: 1 hour is allowed for the first layer to dry. Then apply the second layer, let it dry for 10 - 20 minutes and press both parts tightly against each other. Note that BF glue is functional and resistant to high humidity and to most chemical influences. Disadvantage: contains aldehydes and phenol, therefore it is not approved for use in the production of dishes and children's toys.

Polyvinyl acetate (PVA):
This species has long been widely known; has various modifications. To work with wooden products, you can use PVA-MB (universal) or PVA-M (super glue). The latter is considered the highest quality due to its higher viscosity. Suitable for expensive and critical operations.

The main advantage is fire safety. Allow a day to dry. The surfaces to be bonded should be thoroughly degreased.

"Moment":
"Moment" is known as a universal strong glue. Among its varieties there is a specialized one - “Moment Joiner”. Distinctive Features of this brand are:
quick setting - 10 -15 minutes at room conditions;
heat resistance (you can, for example, fix the veneer to the base with a heated iron);
special strength;
color constancy.
The disadvantages include insufficient water and frost resistance.

Carpentry:
There are two types - bone and flesh. The first is made from animal horns, the second is made from the underside of raw animal skin. Of the two varieties, bone is considered the best. It goes on sale in the form of granules, grains or flakes.
When preparing, the dry fraction is soaked in cold water, then cook in a water bath at a temperature of about 70 degrees, stirring thoroughly until complete dissolution occurs. It is used in the form of a warm liquid mass. It is better to use immediately after dilution.

Epoxy:
It is made on the basis of epoxy resins, and consists of two components - a resin and a hardener. Suitable for any material, fills cavities well and smoothes out unevenness. Therefore, it is especially convenient for restoration work. Is a dielectric. It is not affected by water, grease, oil, or surfactants found in any cleaning products. It hardens very quickly, and it will be impossible to correct anything after hardening.

Casein:
It is resistant to moisture and elevated temperatures. Has natural origin(it is based on milk protein) and does not contain any harmful impurities. Completely sets in 20 hours.
Disadvantages include the ability to change the color of glued wood. Sometimes spots appear that darken over time. Ready solution can be stored for no longer than 2 - 4 hours, and cannot be resuscitated.
Expert tip: The degree of water resistance of the glue is easily determined by the packaging markings. It is indicated by the letter “D” and a number: 2 – low, 3 – good, 4 – very high. However, class D4 is very expensive, and its use must be justified.

Polyurethane:
Very good, but the most expensive choice. Indispensable in cases where it is necessary to provide a critical connection or create a multi-layer structure. The adhesion will be extremely strong, impervious to sea and chlorinated water.
Polyurethane adhesive for gluing wooden objects does not react to aggressive chemical environments and ultraviolet radiation. In short, if you need operation in extreme conditions, including significant mechanical load, are the most best option.

Heat Resistant:
Necessary in cases where the wooden product will be fired; For example, gas burner. The use of adhesive with improved thermal properties guarantees that the surfaces connected with it will not disintegrate even when exposed to very high temperatures.

As we see, even so detailed review all kinds of adhesive compositions is unlikely to give a clear answer to the question: “Which wood glue is best?” Probably the one that will cope with a specific task in a specific case better than others, and at the same time will be affordable for you. If possible, purchase two different types of glue and try each one in turn. This way you can choose the most suitable option for your carpentry work.

Wood glue is used quite often. The tool provides quality connection and has an affordable price. It is used for reliable gluing of wood, wood, as well as chipboard and fiberboard. The main component of the solution is the protein component; the specific properties of the glue, which make it suitable for various cases, depend on the additives. Before use, the adhesive mass must be properly prepared at home; its quality and properties depend on this.

Glue Features

The main advantage of the adhesive material is its good strength. Even if the tree begins to collapse, adhesive layer remains intact. The disadvantages include bad smell, as well as inconvenience in storage. If you keep the product in liquid form, it may become moldy. Use adhesive mass in construction work oh only when heated. Ideal for these purposes water bath. It is not recommended to heat the glue directly, as it may lose its unique features.

When giving preference to dry glue, you need to pay attention to its appearance. It is most often sold in the form of yellow-brown granules. High grain transparency indicates excellent product quality. The consistency of the adhesive may vary. Some types of glue should be diluted with boiled water. It all depends on the type of material.

Cooking method

To work with wood, it is recommended to preheat the adhesive composition (up to 60-70 degrees). Add water to the glue and heat it in a water bath. The mixture is brought to a homogeneous mass similar in consistency to cream. During the cooking process, the composition must be constantly stirred so that the mixture does not have time to burn.

There should be no lumps or other defects, the glue should be uniform in thickness. After cooking, the mass is poured into a plate placed in a water bath. Gradually the composition cools, forming the correct consistency. On a plate, the adhesive mass is cut into separate strips using a knife, which are later used in carpentry (preheated).

Which glue is better to choose?

Each type of wood glue has its own special qualities. When purchasing, it is important to consider light resistance, adhesive bond strength, biological resistance of the composition, etc. Having familiarized yourself with the characteristics of different types of wood glue listed below, it will be easier to make the right choice.

In stock for everyone hardware store You can find this type of wood glue:

If there is a need to restore furniture, then it is better to take this particular adhesive. It is made from the air bladder and fins of fish. Externally, fish glue looks like scales with a transparent and elastic structure. It does not require preheating. Fish wood glue is used at a temperature of 20 degrees.

It is recommended to use it for gluing materials with different hardness. The disadvantages of fish glue include its high price. You should not use it in a humid environment: under such conditions they are lost. unique properties composition.

For working with porous wood and materials containing essential oils, PVA glue is ideal. The seam will be as strong as possible if you apply additional effort during gluing, pressing and fixing the parts with force. There is no need to heat or prepare polyvinyl acetate glue in advance, since it is sold ready-made. The adhesive composition has a long shelf life.

The main advantages of PVA:

seam stability;
resistance to sunlight;
elasticity.

Before use, such adhesive material should be prepared by heating to 50 degrees. It goes on sale in the form of slabs or granules. You can determine the quality of the glue by its color: the lighter the composition, the better. To prepare the glue, the dry material must be filled with water in the proportions indicated on the packaging. The granules should swell within a few hours, and then the mixture should be stirred and heated in a water bath. The whole process will take several hours.

Bone glue must be used hot, but it must remain liquid: it is desirable that it flows from the brush in a continuous stream. If the bone glue is too thick, it must be diluted. hot water.

Has high strength; made of leather. It contains gelatin and oligopeptides. It is the latter component that contributes to increased strength when connecting parts. In the assortment of a hardware store you can find hide glue in the form of powder, flakes and tiles.

Before use, the adhesive is diluted with water, left for several hours (the mixture should have time to swell) and then melted in a water bath. Hide glue has a light shade and is also characterized by increased viscosity. When working with this variety, it is important to take into account the latter fact, since this feature can lead to the destruction of the tree.

Before using the product, it must be prepared (according to the scheme given above), then let it brew for 10 minutes, remove the foam, and only after that should you proceed to use. sold in powder form.

This type of mixture is quite fragile, and its volume may shrink after application. This feature somewhat complicates the gluing process. Casein wood glue must be used carefully if the wood contains tannins. The use of glue in this case may lead to loss of color of the wood.

Advice
After preparing casein glue, it must be used immediately. Unlike other types of wood glue (which can last for several days in their finished form), casein glue will lose its properties after a few hours. If during the preparation of the product in a water bath it turns out to be too thick, then diluting it with water is not recommended.

Rules of application

When working with the composition, it is important to adhere to the following recommendations:

It is better to apply the mixture using a bristle or bast brush.
One layer of glue is applied when the part needs to be glued along the wood grain. Two layers are applied to the ends; a second layer should be applied only after the first has dried.
After a few minutes, when the wood glue has dried, the parts must be carefully compressed and aligned. The remaining excess glue is removed, and the parts are secured with a bandage or twine for several hours until completely dry.

Advice
By adding ammonia, borax or phenol to the adhesive composition, you can increase the resistance of the mixture to mold. It will not be difficult to obtain putty paste if you add ash or chalk to the glue.

By giving preference to proven wood glue, you are almost guaranteed to make the most quality furniture or repair it yourself. Carpentry work will progress productively if you adhere to important rules when preparing and using the adhesive mass.

It is quite easy to buy wood glue in our store. This section presents products that have all the necessary certificates and are deservedly popular among those who, due to professional activity deals with wood processing and production from it various kinds products.

If you want to do reliable connection, resistant to moisture and low temperatures, you just need to study the characteristics indicated in the product cards, choose what suits you best, and, using the intuitive interface of the site, buy wood glue!

Purpose of adhesives from the site

Depending on the specific product, our products can be used for:

increasing the reliability of docking connections (tenon and tongue and groove);
applying veneer to surfaces made of natural wood and its derivatives;
laminate installation and plastic panels;
gluing wood of various species (hard and soft), foam plastics, ceramics, concrete;
for the installation of objects or the manufacture of products that will be used outdoors, moisture-resistant, frost-resistant wood glue is used;
manufacturing windows, doors, stairs, as well as products that may come into contact with food;
furniture and carpentry production, as well as installation various products in the bathrooms.

Our catalog contains the best adhesive samples!

DUDIVIL VR 11, PUR 501;
TITEBOND ORIGINAL WOOD GLUE (3.785 l and 473 ml);
TITEBOND II PREMIUM WOOD GLUE (3.785 l and 473 ml);
TITEBOND ULTIMATE III WOOD GLUE-3 (3.785 l).

By choosing any wood glue in our catalog (moisture-resistant and frost-resistant!), you can be sure that you will achieve your goal with it in no time. minimum time and as efficiently as possible.

Safety first!

Premises where they are held glue works, should be well ventilated or ventilated during the process.
If adhesives come into contact with mucous membranes or human skin, the contact area must be rinsed. running water. In some cases, it is recommended to contact medical care. Perhaps the doctor will need to know the brand of wood glue, the price of which is the most reasonable on the market, in order to find out which component caused the poisoning.
Feeling unwell while working? Feeling dizzy? Stop activity immediately, leave the premises, and call a doctor. There are no unnecessary precautions in such situations.
Children and pets should not have access to adhesives.

Why should you buy adhesives from us?

The company has been operating since 2013, which means that its products have been in demand for more than 3 years. During this time, the company site has established itself as a responsible partner with an impeccable reputation.
The company was founded by an enthusiast with more than 20 years of experience in the field of manufacturing various wood products. It is this impressive work experience that allows the company’s management to offer clients only the best samples of adhesives, personally tested in practice.
Our sales managers are craftsmen who performed the work with their own hands. various works, including adhesive ones. That is, these people perfectly understand your needs and therefore recommend exactly what you need.

We are waiting for your applications!

One of the most controversial materials, about which even experts do not have a clear opinion, iswood glue: which one is better, more reliable and easier to use? The question is very interesting, requiring knowledge of the features and properties different types glue.

What is it for?

Wood glue is used everywhere and constantly. Everyone at least once in their life has glued some wooden parts together or repaired broken things or pieces of furniture.Wood gluingproduced by slightly different methods than joining, for example, rubber or plastic products . There is no need to perform standard operations: applying the composition, drying for about 10-15 minutes and pressing the parts firmly against each other.

Wood requires a different approach, which is determined by the structure of the material and the individual properties of each species. It requires a different adhesive composition that can be absorbed into the material and create a durable film. Currently, many compounds have been created, from ancient traditional wood glues to the most modern synthetic compounds. Question,how to glue wood, not at all simple.

Varieties

Wood gluing materials have different composition and purpose.

Some of them are universal, connection wooden parts for them, just one of many use cases.

Others are intended only for gluing wood and have no other uses.

Choosing how to glue wood to wood, you should decide on the type of composition and its properties, which should be discussed separately:

PVA

One of the most common compositions, familiar to everyone since school days. Polyvinyl acetate dispersion, as this composition is correctly called, can be used for gluing paper, wood and other materials. The main condition is the ability of the bonded material to absorb moisture. It has the appearance of a milky-white thick liquid. When dry it becomes transparent. Mostly, PVA glue is used for gluing wood , because it is very convenient for this. Its features:

Available in ready-to-eat form;
dries quite quickly;
does not stain the gluing, the glue squeezed out when squeezing the parts can be removed without consequences;
diluted with water; any glue that gets onto a clean surface can be easily washed off or wiped off with a damp cloth.

There are different brands of PVA glue intended for construction work, universal or carpentry compounds. Setting time is about 20 minutes (depending on the brand), complete drying is 24 hours.

Attention!If PVA glue was stored in an unheated room and froze, then after thawing it cannot be used.

Epoxy

This is a two-component composition consisting of epoxy resin and hardener. When mixed in the right proportion, the material hardens into a strong solid mass.

The curing process of the composition is purely chemical in nature, so the presence of air is not required for this.

It is noteworthy that epoxy glue not intended exclusively for wood , it can glue a variety of materials that do not have chemical conflicts with the adhesive components.

For him, the correct dosage of the components when mixing is important: if there is too much hardener, the mixture “boils”, bubbles and quickly turns into a solid foam mass. If there is a lack of hardener, the mass does not gain the required strength. Freezing time different brands can vary from several minutes to one day, most often - several hours.

Epoxy glue prices

epoxy glue

BF

BF glue appeared in wide use in the late 70s and early 80s of the last century. It was believed that this was the most universal and reliable composition, capable of tightly connecting anything. In fact, this is not the case; the material has a lot of restrictions or conditions for use.Designed for gluing metals to non-metals, plastics and other materials.Wood is not exactly absent from this list, but it is far from being in first place. However, if neededwood glue, waterproof and frost-resistant, then the BF-2 or BF-4 brands fully correspond to this definition. The gluing technology is quite inconvenient: it requires applying an adhesive layer, drying it “tack-free” and compressing the parts for a while to gain strength of the adhesive layer.

Heat-resistant compounds

Wood in its own way technical properties not subject to heat treatment. Therefore, specialized adhesive thermal compositions for gluing wooden products simply doesn't exist, but some types of heat-resistant compounds can be used for these purposes.

There are various types such compositions. These can be synthetic mixtures, various modified varieties of epoxy glue.

This group can include a special material produced in the form of rods, which is applied using an adhesive gun. Melted to liquid state the material is applied to the surface to be glued and pressed tightly against the second part. This method is simple and convenient, but requires the constant purchase of adhesive rods and connection to the power supply.

Carpentry

Carpentry (gluten) glues are one of the oldest groups, used back in ancient times. Nowadayswood glueused primarily for restoration antique furniture or repair of acoustic musical instruments. The reason for this limited use is the difficulty of working with wood glues, which are sold dry and require preparation for use.

There are several types of wood glues:

bone;
fleshy;
sturgeon.

The first two are made from horn plates or animal skins, the latter is made from the skin of sturgeon fish. It is believed that the bone composition is better than the flesh one, but sturgeon is very difficult to find; it is used mainly by violin or guitar makers.

Important!The main feature of wood glue is its reversibility. The adhesive may be soaked in hot water, taken apart for repair and reconnected without causing damage to the material of the part.

Prices for wood glue

wood glue

Syndeticone

Syndeticoneglue for gluing wood to wood- modification of wood glue, invented in 1878.

Since then, this composition has been widely used for a long time, but today its use is almost complete.

It is noteworthy that the name of the glue does not indicate any original composition, it is only a reference to the original name of the glue - “Syndeticon”, as the inventor called it.

The composition includes the following components:

wood glue;
sugar;
slaked lime.

Its production takes about a day, which was also the reason for refusing to use it.

Polyurethane

Polyurethane wood gluecharacterized by high performance and high cost. The composition is suitable for gluing damp wood and can be used for both interior and exterior work. The glue foams when it dries, filling possible cavities and stopping moisture or cold from reaching them. The adhesive joint can be used at temperatures from -30° to + 100°, in addition, polyurethane is the bestwaterproof wood glue.

Casein

Another very old natural composition. Its main component is casein, a milk protein obtained from low-fat cottage cheese. Available in the form of granules from brown to white- the higher the quality, the lighter the granules.

The material is truly universal - in addition to gluing wood, it is used in manufacturing, painting, and printing.

Traditionally used as environmentally friendly furniture glue high class. At the same time, the surfaces to be glued must be protected from the glue getting on the front parts of the parts, since it is quickly and deeply absorbed, leaving dark spots. In addition, the material is hygroscopic and can deteriorate: become moldy, and there is a possibility of insects appearing. It must be stored in a tightly closed container.

Prices for casein glue

casein glue

Pasty

Paste-like adhesives are used to join poorly formed parts. Thick material fills small voids like putty, sealing the seam and stopping the access of moisture, cold or other unwanted influences. Typically, wood gluing is not one of the main specializations of such compounds, but for uneven surfaces this choice is completely justified.

Basic properties

Good glue for wood it must have a number of specific qualities:

strength;
resistance to water;
good adhesion to any type of wood;
non-toxic composition;
versatility of use;
high drying speed;
the composition must be sold ready-to-use;

Many people have these properties modern compositions, For example,wood glue "Joiner". Most traditional adhesive compositions, for all their advantages, require too long and labor-intensive preparation, which makes work inconvenient and reduces productivity.

When choosing wood glue, you should pay attention to some points:

If the gluing is permanent, then it is best to use some kind of synthetic irreversible composition. To connect parts that can later be disassembled, for example, musical instruments, it is better to choose traditional types- bone, casein and the like.
When gluing light wood, you should not use casein glue. The seams will darken and the work will look sloppy. The best choice is Joiner glue, which dries to approximately the same color as the wood.
When buying PVA glue, pay attention to its consistency. If there is a separation of the material into more liquid and dense fractions, it means that the glue was frozen during storage or transportation. Such material cannot be used, it has lost its qualities.

Homemade recipes for preparing the composition

Some traditional types glue can be prepared independently, at home:

Casein glue is made from low-fat cottage cheese, which is soaked in a soda solution and washed under running water. Then the mass is dried to a dry powder, which is diluted with water immediately before use.
Sometimes an ordinary paste helps to get out of the situation. It is brewed from flour (6 tablespoons per 1 liter of water) by adding to boiling water aqueous solution flour. The mixture is brought to a boil, cooled and used for its intended purpose.
Wood glue is made in a water bath: in a bowl placed in a container of hot water, heated on a tile. Ready-made wood glue has a liquid and flowing consistency and is used asfurniture wood glue.

Important!Wood glue has a strong, stale smell, sometimes even too strong. Before preparing it, you should consider whether to use a ready-made composition.

General gluing rules

Each type of glue has its own specific methods of use. General rules include the need to clean and dry the surfaces to be glued, and first do a dry assembly without glue to check the accuracy of the fit. If the parts cannot be pressed together with a little manual effort, then you need to put off the gluing and fit them better. The connected parts are pressed and fixed with clamps until the glue dries completely (usually it is recommended to keep them for 24 hours).

Using glue to join wood pieces is an oldie, but a good one. efficient technology. Modern synthetic compounds can greatly enhance the strength and stability of the joint, ensuring high-quality service of the glued parts.

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Types of wood adhesives for wood

It is difficult to choose wood glue given the many brands that have appeared in lately on the market. There is polyvinyl acetate (PVA, which comes in yellow and white) and polyurethane and epoxy and even traditional bone or flesh glue.

All of them are designed for gluing wood to wood, as well as fabric, paper and leather.

To find the best option, study the tables and descriptions below to help you make the right decision.

If your product will not be exposed to moisture, use the top table, and if it will be exposed to moisture, use the bottom table, even if the project is intended for indoors. Then check the open time of the glue and other characteristics.

Quick tip! It is likely that the bottle with moisture-resistant or waterproof glue PVA will be sufficient for most of your indoor/outdoor projects.

JOINERY GLUE FOR INTERIOR WORK
Open time	less than 5 minutes		10-15 minutes		20-25 minutes	60 minutes
Irreversible gluing	Cyanoacrylate (“second” glue), thixotropic PVA (no – drip), polyurethane hot melt adhesive, 5 minute epoxy adhesive		Standard PVA, moisture-resistant PVA, dark moisture-resistant PVA, polyurethane glue		Slow-set PVA, moisture-resistant Slow-set PVA, water-resistant PVA	Standard epoxy glue
Reversible gluing*	Traditional carpentry (bone or flesh) glue				Modified wood glue
“Steam treatment allows the connection to be disassembled if necessary.
MOISTURE-PROOF AND WATERPROOF TYPES OF WOOD GLUE
Open time	less than 5 minutes	10-15 minutes		20-25 minutes		60 minutes
Occasional hydration	Polyurethane Adhesive - Hot Melt, 5 Minute Epoxy Adhesive	Moisture-resistant PVA, dark moisture-resistant PVA, polyurethane glue		Moisture-resistant slow-set PVA, water-resistant PVA		Standard epoxy glue
Frequent humidification	Polyurethane Hot Melt Adhesive, 5 Minute Epoxy Adhesive	Polyurethane glue		Waterproof PVA		Standard epoxy glue
Immersion in water		Types of adhesives for wood and carpentry POLYVINYL ACETATE (PVA) This glue general purpose Suitable for all interior wooden products not exposed to dampness. Apart from being widely available, it can also be considered the most economical option among others. Strengthening: 24 hours EXTENDED-TIME PVA Has the same properties as regular PVA glue, but has an extended open time, making it easier to assemble and adhere to large or complex projects. Strengthening: 24 hours THIXOTROPIC PVA (NO-DRIPPVA) Designed for use on vertical surfaces, for example, when decorating premises. The thick consistency and high initial adhesion allow you to fix the parts by hand for several minutes without the formation of streaks or drops. MOISTURE-RESISTANT PVA (WEATHERPROOF PVA) The best adhesive for outdoor items that are exposed to snow and rain, but not constantly wet. Suitable for any home projects, especially those that may come into contact with water or food products, For example, wooden utensils or cutting boards. Fixation with clamps: 30 minutes Strengthening: 24 hours MOISTURE-RESISTANT PVA WITH SLOW SETTING (EXTENDED-TIME WEATHERPROOF PVA) Has the same properties as standard waterproof PVA glue, but has longer time open exposure, which simplifies the assembly and fixation of complex projects. Fixation with clamps: 45 minutes Strengthening: 24 hours DARK WEATHERPROOF PVA This is just a version of moisture-resistant glue with the addition of dye. Dark color makes glue lines less noticeable on dark wood, such as mahogany or walnut. Fixation with clamps: Strengthening: 24 hours WATERPROOF PVA This glue matches the most high requirements water resistance, including even short immersion in water, but at the same time it costs less than polyurethane or epoxy. It requires no mixing and is less hassle than other waterproof glue types. It's also great for projects that don't require water resistance. Fixation with clamps: 30 minutes Strengthening: 24 hours POLYURETHANE ADHESIVE This adhesive sets and hardens when exposed to moisture and is therefore suitable for use with raw materials, for example, antiseptic wood. If the parts are dry, wet one of the surfaces before assembling the joint. The glue is squeezed out into foam and hardens. Wear rubber gloves when working with it, as contact with skin turns the glue black and stains are difficult to remove. Strengthening: 24 hours POLYURETHANE ADHESIVE – MELT Choose this adhesive for jobs that require quick setting, such as gluing parts that are difficult to secure with clamps. A special thermoelectric gun is required for application. Two varieties are available with setting times of 30 and 60 seconds. Fixation with clamps: 1-2 minutes Strengthening: 24 hours TRADITIONAL JOINERY GLUE This glue, known since ancient times, is indispensable for repairing antique furniture and musical instruments. Prepare a portion of the required volume by dissolving the dry powder or granules in hot water. When it cools, the glue thickens, so a special container is required to retain heat. Dried glue can be softened warm water or ferry. Fixation with clamps: 10 minutes Strengthening: 24 hours MODIFIED JOINERY GLUE A ready-to-use liquid version of traditional wood glue. It is also softened by steam or hot water, and the connections can be disassembled. It does not need to be mixed or heated, so it is more convenient to work with. Fixation with clamps: 60 minutes Strengthening: 24 hours STANDARD EPOXY GLUE Before use, you need to mix two components - resin and hardener. Filling gaps and cracks well, it is ideal for joints subject to heavy loads and also completely immersed in water (it is used in shipbuilding). But this is one of the more expensive types of glue. FIVE MINUTES EPOXY GLUE Fast setting makes it good choice for assembling parts that are difficult to fix with clamps. Bonds oily woods such as teak, suitable for end gluing or gap filling, but is less strong than standard epoxy glue. It is slightly cheaper than cyanoacrylate glue, so for small projects choose the option with a double syringe dispenser. Fixation with clamps: 5-20 minutes Strengthening: 24 hours