How to choose the best varieties of fruit trees and shrubs for the Moscow region... The Moscow region is divided into three agro-climatic regions in terms of heat, moisture supply, terrain and soil type.

The first agroclimatic region includes the following districts: Taldomsky, Dmitrovsky, Zagorsky, Lotoshinsky, Shakhovskoy, Volokolamsky, Klinsky, Mozhaisky, Ruzsky and the western part of Solnechnogorsky, Istrinsky, Odintsovsky and Naro-Fominsky.

The second agroclimatic region includes the central part of the Moscow region. According to the type of soil cover, this region is subdivided into two subdistricts:

With loamy soils - this includes such administrative districts as Pushkinsky, Mytishchinsky, Shchelkovsky, Balashikhinsky, Krasnogorsky, Khimkinsky, Lyuberetsky, Ramensky, Voskresensky, Leninsky, Podolsky, Chekhovsky, Serpukhovsky, Stupinsky and Eastern Solnechnogorsk, Istra, Odintsovo and Naro-Fominsk:

With sandy and sandy loam soils - this includes the Noginsky, Pavlovo-Posadsky, Orekhovo-Zuevsky, Shatursky administrative districts, most of the Yegoryevsky and insignificant - Voskresensky and Ramensky (left bank of the Moskva River) districts.

The third agroclimatic region is the warmest; it occupies the southeastern part of the Moscow region; there are the following administrative districts: Kashirsky, Lukhovitsky, Kolomensky, Zaraisky, Serebryano-Prudsky and a small southeastern part of Yegoryevsky.

The best varieties of fruit trees and shrubs in three agroclimatic regions of the Moscow region

The state of fruit crops in each of these regions will be different after severe winters. The growth, development and longevity of the same cultivar in each of these areas will also be different. Therefore, when zoning fruit crops, each variety is considered taking into account the requirements of the variety itself and the agro-climatic conditions of the region.

For berry crops, the zoning of varieties within the region is not significant, since they all winter well with a large snow cover.

Square large garden is never equivalent in terms of its relief, i.e. it has low and high areas. Even in the most favorable growing conditions, fruit trees of the same variety growing in different parts of the garden will not be equally damaged after a harsh winter. For example, the varieties Melba and Pepin saffron, in the harsh winter, were very frozen in the lowlands and had no damage in the high areas.

This circumstance must certainly be taken into account when selecting varieties, and when placing fruit trees in the garden.

The garden is not always located in conditions suitable for optimal growth and development of such major crops as apple, cherry, strawberry. And even in difficult conditions of location and bad soil the gardener has the opportunity, by selecting breeds, changing agricultural technology, to grow on his personal plot some berry plants. So, on forest area you can cultivate currants, actinidia, lingonberries, rose hips, lemongrass, blueberries, walnuts, etc. In conditions when apple and pear fruit crops are subject to strong freezing at the level of snow, highly winter-resistant skeletal formers should be used. In this case, apple and pear varieties grafted into their crown give more guaranteed yields than when growing ordinary trees.

Finally, in especially warm and protected places, gardeners can successfully grow grapes and apricots, although they do not get a harvest every year. But for a true gardener, this is not the main thing, especially if it is known that even in the south of the country, apricot does not yield ten crops in ten years.

Currently, there is a large set of crops and varieties of fruit and berry plants, which, with a skillful combination and correct agricultural technology make it possible, from mid-June to the end of October, in the conditions of the Moscow region to have fresh fruits and berries, and winter varieties of apples (with correct mode storage) - from October to May next year.

The census of orchards (1970) in the Moscow region gave very interesting data on the variety set for the main crop - the apple tree. It turned out that in industrial tree gardens summer term ripening is 16.6%, autumn - 36.7%, winter - 36.4% and late winter - 9.9%. Apples can be stored and used fresh for the summer period of consumption 5-30 days, autumn - 60-75, winter - up to 120 and late winter - up to 200 days. About the same set of apple trees in the orchards.

Based on daily allowance consumption of apples, then the number of trees with different ripening periods should be calculated for the backyard garden as follows: out of ten trees, one tree should be of summer ripening, two - autumn, three - winter and four - late winter. And of course, in order to preserve the apples of winter and late winter varieties, appropriate cellars, cellars or other rooms that are not frost-free in winter with the most favorable conditions for the varieties to be preserved should be prepared.

All of the following varieties are widely propagated in nurseries of the Moscow region (Tables 1-4).

Table 1. Apple varieties for the Moscow region

Apple variety	Ripening period
		III in the southeast	II in the center	I in the northwest
Melba	summer	sapling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Breading	summer	sapling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Mantet	summer	sapling	sapling	sapling
Ottawa-272	summer	sapling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Strafling	autumn	sapling	sapling	sapling
Bessemyanka Michurinskaya	autumn	sapling	sapling	sapling
Cinnamon striped	autumn	sapling	sapling	sapling
Dessert Petrova	autumn	sapling	sapling	sapling
Melba red	autumn	sapling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Autumn joy	autumn	sapling	sapling	sapling
Strefling red	autumn	sapling	sapling	sapling
Antonovka ordinary-vennaya	winter	sapling	sapling	sapling
Cinnamon new	winter	sapling	sapling	sapling
Welsey	winter	sapling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Pepin saffron	winter	sapling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Slava Michurinsk	winter	sapling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Knight	winter	sapling	sapling	crown grafting
Lighthouse	late winter	sapling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Lobo	late winter	sapling	sapling	sapling
Star	late winter	sapling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Sunrise	late winter	sapling	sapling	crown grafting
North synap	late winter	sapling	sapling	crown grafting
Saffron	late winter	sapling	sapling	crown grafting

Table 2. Cherry varieties for the Moscow region

Cherry variety	Ripening period	Growing conditions and growing in agroclimatic regions
		III in the southeast	II in the center	I in the northwest
Crimson	early	sapling	seedling *	seedling *
Vladimirskaya	average	sapling	sapling	seedling *
Griot of Moscow	average	sapling	seedling *	seedling *
Change	average	sapling	seedling *	seedling *
Vole	average	sapling	sapling	sapling
Consumer goods black	average	sapling	seedling *	landing is impractical
Lyubskaya	late	sapling	seedling *	landing is impractical
Shubinka	late	sapling	sapling	seedling *

* - Only in favorable places, i.e. protected area, southern or southwestern slope, fertile soils, good water and air drainage, etc.

Table 3. Pear varieties for the Moscow region

Julienne	Ripening period	Growing conditions and growing in agroclimatic regions
		III in the southeast	II in the center	I in the northwest
Besse-myanka	average	sapling	sapling	landing is impractical
Lyubimy-tsa Yakovlev	average	sapling	crown grafting	landing is impractical
Attire Efimova	average	sapling	crown grafting	landing is impractical
Autumn bergamot	average	sapling	sapling	landing is impractical
Venus	average	sapling	crown grafting	landing is impractical
Severyan	average	sapling	crown grafting	landing is impractical
Thin-branch	early	sapling	sapling	landing is impractical

Table 4. Plum varieties for the Moscow region

Plum variety	Ripening period	Growing conditions and growing in agroclimatic regions
		III in the southeast	II in the center	I in the northwest
Hungarian Moscow	average	sapling	sapling	landing is impractical
Tula black	average	sapling	sapling	landing is impractical
Memory of Timiryazev	average	sapling	landing is impractical	landing is impractical
Early ripening red	average	sapling	sapling	landing is impractical
Early	average	sapling	sapling	landing is impractical
Spark	early-late	sapling	landing is impractical	landing is impractical
Record	late	sapling	landing is impractical	landing is impractical

Early varieties of currants: Memory Michurin, Golubka, Black Lisavenko, Exhibition, Elegant, Altai dessert, Early sweet (white); medium: Leah fertile, Stakhanovka Altai, Bradthorpe, Gollandskaya krasnaya, Chulkovskaya (krasnaya) and late Pobeda variety.

Early gooseberry varieties: Moscow red, Pink; medium: Russian, Smena, Kolkhozny, Krasnaya Zarya; late: Date, Lada, Finnish I.

Raspberry varieties are medium: Novost, Kuzmina, Newburg, Kaliningradskaya, Kostinbrodskaya; mid-late Ottawa and late Latham.

Early strawberry varieties: Krasavitsa Zagorya, Granddaughter, Early Makheraukha, Zarya, Leningradskaya early; medium: Festivalnaya, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Ideas, Purple, Redcoat; late: Talisman, Zenga Zengana.

Choosing a new variety of fruit trees for your garden

Interest in new varieties usually appears after the garden is planted and yields yields, when it is already possible to judge a particular variety by comparing it with the one in the garden. However, this does not mean that new variety will be able to grow well in a particular garden, it is important how he behaves in a given garden. For comparison, of course, first of all, only the most winter-hardy varieties are suitable. If the new variety is equal in winter hardiness to Grushovka Moscow, Streyfling or Antonovka ordinary, then it can be planted in the garden; if it is less winter-hardy than Saffron Pepin, Melba or Welsey (which, for example, grow in the garden), then it is inappropriate to plant a new variety in the garden. It is safer to grow it after grafting into the skeleton of some resistant variety. We advise you to be guided by the same considerations when choosing new varieties of other crops.

Experienced gardeners who long years are engaged in gardening, they themselves develop new varieties. Getting hybrid seeds is quite easy for the experienced grower, but from large mass It is not easy to select the best plants, the most resistant to diseases and pests, the most winter-hardy and the highest-yielding plant.

A serious difficulty lies in the objectivity of the assessment of their offspring. As a rule, the grower does not have the best control varieties, as well as the required number of plants to obtain reliable data. Therefore, the variety he created; that has not passed the proper competitive variety testing, is not read by new specialists and is not recommended for wide distribution. But if a variety passes the study and turns out to be the best according to a set of characteristics, then it receives the rights of citizenship for a certain area.

These features of gardening should not be forgotten if you are going to breed a new variety.

Productivity of fruit trees and shrubs

Since July, the garden is literally littered with fruits and berries. There is nothing you can do about it. Seasonality in horticulture is seasonality. We will be ready for such a pleasant and at the same time laborious annual inevitability.

For harvesting fruits, you can use, firstly, home canning. This method of storing fruits now has more and more fans. It's simple, cheap, convenient, and also fun. In practice, 3-4 times less sugar is required than for jam, less time is spent; the taste and dietary qualities of canned fruits are extremely high, and in winter and spring, such fruits are an irreplaceable third dish on our table. For home canning need a seaming machine, glass jars and lids. Fruits and berries can be processed into juices. A press is used for this purpose, but you can use a juicer, a juicer.

Secondly, storehouses should be prepared for apples with winter consumption.

For this, it would be good to know the ripening dates of the apple trees planted in the garden, and for this, write down or indicate on the site plan all the varieties planted. The variety of an adult apple tree can be identified by formal characteristics, for example, the fruits are "... large, slightly greenish, with stripes, very tasty" - a variety of apples with this characteristic is called Dessertnoe Petrova.

We also recommend that you write down and mark on the site plan at what age the trees are, which and when fertilizers were applied, in what doses, with what poisons, when and at what time pest control was carried out, what yields were brought by trees and shrubs, etc. For example, lime should be applied once every 8-10 years. Has lime been brought under the entire garden at once and where exactly is the border of the uncoated plot? Likewise with ash. Usually it is collected a little, and you have to bring ash to separate areas as it accumulates. And it is better to note on the plan exactly which areas it was applied to and which areas were not fertilized at all.

Or, for example, when planting trees, only some of the planting pits were filled with the full norms of organo-mineral fertilizers, and the rest of the pits were filled with peat alone mixed with earth. After two or three years, it becomes possible to supplement peat with manure and mineral salts by means of focal (according to the crown projection) application. And in this case, notes or a plan will come in very handy. We recommend storing all fertilizers and pesticides with a secure label, under lock and key, where there is no access for children.

About picking fruits and berries

In the garden, it is important to successfully select varieties according to the ripening period and plant a reasonable number of plants in order to have time to harvest, take it home, and process it. If a berry or fruit hangs for too long, it will fall off.

For correct organization labor when picking fruits and berries, it makes sense to know how many (roughly) berries or fruits one person can pick in an hour (Table 5). Depending on the yield, the speed of harvesting fruits and berries also changes.

Table 5. How many kg of berries or fruits can one person pick in an hour

For example, two adults in an hour of gardening with an average yield of crops such as apple and pear can harvest 70 kg of fruit, and strawberries up to 10 kg.

In this article I will give a description and photo 8 best fruit trees for your garden... And so in order:

Cherry plum

Number 1 among the best fruit trees for the garden is cherry plum... The advantages of this fruit crop include:

• high yield
• unpretentiousness to soil composition
• rapid maturation
• drought tolerance

Trees grow from 3 to 11 meters in height with a fairly developed root system and a pyramidal crown. They are single or multi-barreled. Cherry plum wood is red-brown in color, quite hard and durable.

On average, cherry plum lives for about 35-50 years and is characterized by excellent yield (20-40 kilograms of fruits after 3 years after planting).

The leaves are oval and wide. Cherry plum flowers pink or white, single, with an approximate size of 20-30 millimeters. Blossom earlier or at the same time as the leaves.

Fruits weighing from 7 to 60 grams, depending on whether it is a wild tree or cultivated (fruit). Depending on the variety of cherry plum, the color of the fruit can be from purple to bright orange. Strongly sweet to sour taste.

Cherry plum grows rapidly up to 10 years, and then slows down. Tops and other overgrown twigs quickly form on the tree. Due to the shallow bedding of the roots, the tree may well coexist with a shallow bedding groundwater(up to 1.6 meters).

Cherry plum is a light-loving fruit tree and does not like shaded places. Recently, many frost-resistant fruit varieties have appeared that can easily tolerate frosts down to -35 degrees.

Cherry plum is widely used in ornamental gardening due to flowering (early odorous and abundant).

Cherry plum is not picky about the choice of soil and can bear fruit where other stone fruit crops refuse to do this. Cherry plum also lends itself little to pests and diseases, which cannot but rejoice.

The best varieties of cherry plum:

• Huck (mid-late ripening)
• Granite (medium late maturation)
• Gold of the Scythians (very early date ripening)
• Columnar (large fruits, universal)
• Cleopatra ( average term maturation, high winter hardiness)
• Kuban comet (medium early variety, large fruits up to 30 grams)
• Avalanche (mid-late ripening, fruits up to 30 grams, the stone is easily separated)
• Found (medium ripening, high regular yield)
• Traveler (early, medium to large fruits, yellow flesh with banana flavor)
• Ruby (with high winter hardiness)
• Sigma (also winter-hardy variety)

Cherry

On the 2nd place among the best fruit trees for the garden is. Cherries are prized for:

• high yield
• good taste
• rapid maturation
• relatively good winter hardiness

The tree begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years of age. If processing is done in a timely manner, then by the 6th year it already brings good harvests. I propagate cherries from ancient times not only by grafting, but also by root shoots.

There are a huge number of cherry varieties and they all differ in the quality of the fruit. Cherry varieties are distinguished by their ripening times.

To the most early varieties relate:

• Gutievka (pictured)
• Vianok
• Orlovskaya early
• Amorel
• Unsettling

TO average ripening period include:

• Brunette
• Bystrinka
• Bulatnikovskaya
• Vladimarskaya
• Volochaevka

TO late ripening period includes such varieties as:

• Apukhtinskaya
• Zhuravka
• Menzelinskaya
• Turgenevka

Cherries are among the best fruit trees for the garden for their exceptional usefulness. It contains vitamin C in effective doses, riboflavin, folic acid. Cherries contain more iron than apples. And the content of vitamin B2 and B9 prevents the development of such a disease as anemia.

Cherries are consumed both fresh and frozen. They can be used to make great juices, amazing compotes, preserves, jams, wines, ciders, pastries and dried fruits.

Pear

3rd place among the best trees for the garden is. The crown of a pear has a round or pyramidal shape, prone to overgrowth and thickening. Therefore, you need to approach with particular care. The height of the fruit tree varies, depending on the variety, from 5 to 20 meters. The trunk diameter can be up to 5 meters wide.

The flowering period of the pear begins at the end of April-May. The flowers are white, 2.5-3 centimeters in size. The fruit of a pear is oblong in shape, narrows towards the beginning of the ovary, but there are varieties of a round shape.

Pear begins to bear fruit 6-7 years after planting. And it bears fruit for 70-100 years. The roots of the pear are low-branched, they go deeper into the soil by 40-80 centimeters. The pear reproduces, as a rule, by grafting (read about popular methods of grafting fruit trees in the article). Compared to the apple tree, the pear is a less winter-hardy culture, but there are varieties that can withstand up to -35 frost.

Pear varieties are divided into:

• summer
• autumn
• winter

To the best summer include pear varieties such as:

• Summer Duchess (pictured)
• Space
• Moscow
• Severyanka
• Elegant Efimova

To the best autumn varieties include:

• Central Russian
• Bessemyanka
• Botanical
• Dessert rossoshanskaya
• Marble
• Chizhovskaya

To the best winter varieties of pears include:

• Alyonushka
• Belarusian late
• Winter decanter
• January

Plum

Number 4 among the best fruit trees for the garden is. Belongs to the stone fruit genus fruit plants... About 30 types of plums are widespread, but 3-5 types are popular in Russia. The most common plum is homemade.

Home plum usually grows in height up to 6-12 meters. Depending on the variety, the life span of a fruit tree can be 20-30 years. Plum begins to bear fruit 2-3 years after planting. Read about planting fruit trees.

The root system is superficial and does not lie deep (30-40 centimeters). Plum buds produce 2-3 flowers. Empty (dormant) buds are practically not formed at the plum.

The plum begins to bloom in mid-May and blooms for 1-2 weeks, which is often combined with a spring cold snap. The flowers are white, with an approximate diameter of 2 centimeters. Plum is a rather moody tree for a number of reasons:

• Insufficient winter hardiness (suffers greatly in regions with a sharp temperature drop)
• Many varieties are cross-pollinated. For good harvest certain varieties of pollinators are needed in the garden.
• Poor drought tolerance
• Susceptible to the attacks of pests and diseases (read how to deal with them)

But with all this, the plum is the most valuable berry, and if it receives proper care and attention from you, then in return you would receive:

• Exceptional usefulness of the culture (vitamin A, C, P)
• Plum is an excellent honey plant (40 kg of honey from 1 hectare of plum garden)
• Serves as an excellent rootstock for almonds, peaches and apricots

The best varieties plums:

• Hungarian Moscow
• Volga beauty
• Memory of Timiryazev
• Record
• Smolinka
• Early
• Tula black
• Egg blue (pictured)

Apple tree

Number 5 among the best fruit trees for the garden is. There are 36 species in the genus. In Russia, the most popular is the domestic or cultivated apple tree. Depending on the variety, the home apple tree is divided:

• undersized (up to 3 meters)
• medium height (up to 6 meters)
• vigorous (up to 14 meters)

For vigorous fruit trees, the annual growth is up to 40 centimeters, and for undersized fruit trees up to 20 centimeters. The shapes of the crowns of apple trees are very diverse: from wide-pyramidal to weeping.

The fruits of the apple tree are just as varied: from globular to cylindrical... It begins to bloom in late April and early May. When a strong flowering begins, then only 10-15% of the flowers of the apple tree are tied, the rest disappear. After flowering, the apple tree is treated for diseases and pests (how to do it correctly)

The apple tree is propagated by grafting. The tree begins to bear fruit 2-7 years after planting. And bears fruit for 20-30 years. The apple tree has a high yield percentage of all fruit trees.

For a person, an apple is a valuable product. It contains 11-13% sugars (fructose, sucrose and glucose), as well as malic and citric acid. A certain amount contains vitamins B, P, C and other biologically active substances.

The best varieties of apple trees:

• Summer varieties (Brusnichnoe, Grushovka Moscow, Summer striped, Mantet, Medunitsa, Melba, Dream, Red earlier, Narodnoe, Papirovka)
• Autumn varieties (Zhigulevskoe, Cinnamon new, Cinnamon striped, Orlovskoe striped, Autumn striped)
• Winter varieties (Anise striped, Antonovka ordinary, Veteran, Zvezdochka, Krasivoe, Lobo, Lighthouse, Orlik, Pepin saffron, Spartan, Welsey)

Cherries

Number 6 among the best fruit trees for the garden is. The tree grows up to 10 meters high. In very rare cases, up to 20 meters. Cherry looks very decorative and gorgeous thanks to a different palette of leaf shades and a powerful crown.

The undoubted advantages of cherries include its non-propensity to disease. And unlike cherries, it does not attract pests. The exception is dry years. And of course, cherries are much tastier and healthier than cherries.

Fruits are sweet, spherical, up to 2 centimeters in diameter. Cherry begins to bloom in early April and bears fruit from the end of May.

When planting a fruit tree, the place must be chosen so as to maximally protect it from the north from the north winds, even if you have a winter-hardy variety. Do not plant cherries in shady places - she loves light very much.

As for the soil, peaty, clayey and sandy soils are not suitable. Optimally medium loamy or sandy loam with a high content of fertile substances. Sweet cherry does not tolerate stagnant water, therefore, it is undesirable to plant in areas with a close occurrence of groundwater.

The best varieties of cherries:

• Golden loshitskaya
• Zhurba
• Zaslonovskaya
• Muscat
• Beauty (pictured)
• North
• Victory
• Festivalnaya
• People's

Apricot

Number 7 among the best fruit trees for the garden is. The tree reaches a height of 3 to 15 meters with a trunk diameter of 25-40 centimeters. The shape of the crown of the apricot is back pyramidal. The apricot begins to bloom in late April, before the leaves open. Flowers with white or pinkish petals are about 3 centimeters in diameter.

Apricot fruits ripen in August. Fleshy juicy, round or egg-shaped fruits with a diameter of about 5 centimeters with a velvety skin.

The apricot grows most intensively in the first 5 years of life. And the growth is 70 centimeters per year. The tree begins fruiting at the age of 4-7 years and lasts up to 35-40 years.

Despite the fact that apricot prefers to grow in southern countries, our breeders have bred many large-fruited and frost-resistant varieties.

Here the best varieties of apricots intended for the central region of the Russian Federation:

• early ripening (end of July: Iceberg, Alyosha, Lel, Tsarsky)
• medium ripening (first half of August: Aquarius and Countess)
• late ripening (second half of August: Monastyrsky, Favorite)

Quince

Number 8 among the best fruit trees for the garden is. Quince - ancient fruit crop... A small shrub-like tree, about 2.5-3 meters high. The diameter of the trunk is 50 cm. The leaves are large, oval, dark green.

Quince flowers are also large white or color pink... Flowering begins at the end of May. Begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years of age. Fruit pear-shaped dark yellow in color have a pleasant aroma. Ripen at the end of September.

Quince is a thermophilic and light-loving fruit tree, therefore, for middle lane Russia is not very suitable. It takes root mainly in the southern regions with frosts down to -15. But some varieties of quince are able to withstand up to -35. Requires good watering(read how to water the trees in), then it bears fruit well and the fruits do not shrink. The disadvantages also include low resistance to diseases and pests. Read how to deal with them.

Quinces are propagated by cuttings, shoots, layering and by grafting. The best varieties of quince are:

• Collective
• Krasnoslobodskaya
• Teplovskaya
• Anzherskaya

Planting a new garden is an extremely demanding business. Here it is necessary to take into account many factors, ranging from preferred varieties of fruit trees to comfortable placement on the site. Some garden trees and shrubs create bad company for each other, so this must also be taken into account when choosing suitable options. Basic tips and advice experienced gardeners are given in our article.

Planning a plot for planting fruit trees and berry bushes in the garden

The first thing you need to pay attention to is the available area for the formation of the garden. Each tree and berry shrub needs a certain free space... If the cultivation of vegetables and other crops is also planned on the site, it is advisable to first delimit the location of future beds or greenhouses.

Read how to plant trees.

Trees are best planted after shrubs, for which a falling shadow will not pose a lot of problems. The minimum distance between trees is 4.5 - 5 meters. For shrubs, this value will be in the region of 1.5 - 2 meters. It is also necessary to maintain at least 3 - 4 meters from nearby buildings and structures in order to root system did not damage the foundation.

Find out how to spray in the spring.

This also applies to building fire codes. Shrubs can be located one and a half meters from buildings. This also applies to other fixed structures: swimming pools, verandas and garden compositions.

Separate criteria for columnar plants that require much less space. Planting such varieties will not allow you to get record harvests, but in a confined space will be the best solution.

When and how to prune will help you understand.

It is advisable to protect the place of the future garden from strong winds, fertilize the soil and make sure that there are no closely located groundwaters that will make it difficult to grow.

For a landscape arrangement, the most natural arrangement of crops is more suitable, while it is also necessary to pay due attention and ornamental plants and structures. If the site is small, but you want to arrange as many suitable crops as possible, it is better to give preference to a strict geometric planting plan. This way you can plant more diverse crops, but here general form will meet a practical, not a decorative purpose.

You can familiarize yourself with the description of the Iput cherry variety.

Illumination

Particular attention should be paid to the location of plantings according to the degree of illumination of the territory. Some trees and shrubs require a lot sunlight, but for others, partial shade will be more comfortable.

The best varieties of tomatoes for open ground listed.

Photophilous garden trees and shrubs:

1. Pear.
2. Apricot.
3. Peach.
4. Cherries.
5. Plum.
6. Rowan.
7. Sea buckthorn.
8. Quince.

The rest of the shrubs and trees can grow with more or less equal success in the shade and in the sun.

Most shrubs thrive even with some shade, so you can alternate them with taller trees. An excellent option would be to land along the fence or along the perimeter of the building. In any case, it is necessary to maintain a comfortable distance between the plants.

Among shade-tolerant crops, the following species are noted:

1. Apple tree.
2. Barberry.
3. Kalina.
4. Dogwood.
5. Hazel.
6. Elderberry is black.
7. Raspberries.
8. Blackberry.
9. Honeysuckle.
10. Gooseberry.
11. Currant.
12. Rose hip.

You should also not experiment with thermophilic crops (for example,) in the middle zone or Siberia. The harvest on such plants simply does not have time to ripen and therefore such cultivation will not bring a positive result. In cooler climates, you must choose early varieties(), as well as specially adapted local varieties.

What plants and garden shrubs can be planted nearby

Plant compatibility is an important factor on which possible breeding failures depend. There is a kind of classification according to which some types of trees cannot get along in close proximity to each other. The most unwanted neighbor turned out to be a walnut, which does not fit any tree or shrub as a companion.

Its dense crown blocks out sunlight, and its powerful root system prevents it from obtaining the necessary substances. In addition, the leaves contain a large number of tannins, therefore, make the soil around it unsuitable for growing other plants. But if the neighborhood is inevitable, then before you know, you need to understand that the minimum distance from it for other plantings is 18 meters, so you should think twice before planting it on your site. Several similar examples are given below.

Find out how to properly grow determinant varieties of tomatoes for open ground.

What crops are undesirable to plant next to:

1. Apricot does not get along well with cherries, peaches and cherries.
2. You cannot plant pears, apples and cherries next to cherry plum.
3. Cherry does not like close proximity to pear and apricot,
4. If you decide to plant a hawthorn, don't place it next to a cherry.
5. Pear reacts very capriciously to cherry plum, barberry, cherry, raspberry, plum and sweet cherry.
6. The peach tree should not be planned near cherry, pear, apple and sweet cherry.
7. Plum also does not like proximity to cherries, pears and sweet cherries.
8. The apple tree does not react too well to the close location of apricots, barberries, cherries, etc.
9. Raspberries, in turn, also cannot stand the pear and apple trees nearby.

At the same time, to ensure a comfortable growth of garden crops nearby, you can use another classification, which determines the plants that are most suitable for each other.

What crops can be grown side by side:

1. Cherries willingly grow next to the apple tree.
2. Barberry and plum are great neighbors.
3. A pear and an apple tree get along well together.
4. The plum will also be "delighted" by the close proximity to the apple tree.
5. The following crops will have an ideal union with an apple tree: quince, pears, plums and most conifers.

In addition, two trees of the same type different varieties go well with each other, which is why mono gardens are so popular. For sea buckthorn, it is advisable to plant several pollinating plants at once, as for some other crops: currants, raspberries and dogwoods.

Video

This video will tell you about the rules for planning a garden plot.

To create the perfect garden, you do not need to call landscape designer... Observing simple rules for the comfortable location of garden crops, and focusing on the preferences of plants in terms of illumination, you can easily plan the site yourself. For clarity, it is advisable to use a paper seating plan, on which you must first mark all buildings and general nuances terrain. Simple techniques and basic information about the possible location of popular cultures are given in our article. List the best varieties repaired raspberries are presented.

Save yourself so as not to lose!

In the garden where these varieties are planted, there is always less work. Because for a family you need not have 5-6 trees and shrubs of each species, but only 1-2.

Apple trees

Jonathan (up to 490 kg), Orlovskoe striped (270-430 kg), Welsey (up to 275 kg), Anise striped (gray) (250-300 kg), Ural'skoe liquid (250 kg), Kazachka Kuban (250-300 kg) , Anis scarlet (200-300 kg), Winter MOSVIR (200-300 kg), Golden Kursk Renet (200 kg), Yandykovskoe (200 kg), Borovinka (150-200 kg), Luch (160-190 kg), Dagestanskoe winter (up to 180 kg), Baganenok (156 kg), Oryol pioneer (up to 150 kg), Bagaevsky Malta (160 kg), Autumn joy (up to 150 kg), Nymph (130 kg), Pervenets Rtischeva (130 kg), Ground (130 kg), Prikubanskoe (130 kg), Renet Kubanskoe (130 kg), Sovkhoznoe (130 kg), Idared (95-130 kg), Renet Simirenko (80-130 kg), Bratchud (120 kg), Orlik (up to 120 kg), Bryanskoe (110 kg), March (110 kg).

For comparison: the popular Antonovka ordinary gives about 70–90 kg per tree, and many other varieties even less - 30–50 kg.

Pears

Most pears yield an average of 30-50 kg per tree. But there are real "Stakhanovites" from whom you can get a harvest of 3 or even 10 times more!

Kieffer (up to 300 kg), Rosy Berkut (up to 250 kg), Thin-line (250 kg), Russian Bere (up to 200 kg), Space (up to 150 kg), Dessert Rossoshanskaya (up to 140 kg), Augustinka (130 kg), Marble (up to 130 kg), Talitsa (125 kg), Nalchik Kostyka (120-130 kg), Lyubina (120 kg), Oktyabrskaya (120 kg), Nart (100-170 kg), Astrakhan early (100-150 kg) , Early (100-130 kg), Early (100-120 kg), Yuryevskaya (110 kg), Bere Dil (100 kg), Malyaevskaya late (100 kg), Recordist (100 kg), Morning freshness (100 kg), Chernomyaska gully (100 kg).

INTERESTING FACT

The variety Gimrinskaya average yield 110 kg. But individual trees at good care capable of giving from 800 to 3,500 kg! Just imagine, a whole dump truck of pears from one tree!

Plums

Volgograd (150 kg), Dream (70 kg), Nika (up to 70 kg), Zhiguli (up to 70 kg), Krasnodar (65 kg), Prikubanskaya (60-70 kg), Viola (up to 60 kg), Soviet Renklod ( up to 60 kg), Eurasia 21 (50-100 kg), Bogatyrskaya (50-70 kg), Andreevskaya (50-55 kg).

For most other varieties, the yield does not exceed 15–20 kg.

Apricots

Southern varieties of apricots give enviable yields - 70–80, and some even 100 kg per tree. Northern, frost-resistant ones cannot boast of such records - on average, you can get about 20 kg of fruits from them. And yet there are varieties that, although they do not reach the southern counterparts, are at least 2 times superior to the northern middle peasants.

Northern Triumph (up to 64 kg), Kuibyshev Jubilee (40-50 kg), Samara (40-50), Northern Lights (up to 47 kg), Zhiguli Pearl (up to 46 kg), Gritikaz (up to 45 kg), Petr Komarov ( up to 45 kg), Sayansky (up to 45 kg), Gorny Abakan (up to 41 kg).

Cherries

The average yield for most cherries is 10 kg per tree. If you manage to collect 16–20 kg - this is just some kind of happiness! But there are varieties that give fruits 3 or even 7 times higher than usual!

Toy (up to 72 kg), Griot Ostheimsky (60-90 kg), Garland (up to 60 kg), Lada (up to 60 kg), Nadezhda (up to 60 kg), Lyubskaya (up to 50 kg), Kent (up to 40 kg) , Zhukovskaya (up to 30 kg), Griot Melitopol (up to 30 kg).

Sweet cherries

Southern varieties of cherries produce an average of 100 kg of fruit per tree. Cold-resistant ones are much more modest - 20, at most 30 kg, mature on them. But there are northern cherries that are significantly superior to their middle peasants. A individual varieties will give odds even to the south!

Daibera black (up to 170 kg), Bryanochka (up to 150 kg), Tyutchevka (up to 138 kg), Drogana yellow (up to 110 kg), Odrinka (up to 110 kg), Julia (up to 110 kg), Gronkavaya (100 kg), Ostuzhenka (up to 100 kg), Rechitsa (up to 73 kg), Iput (up to 70 kg), Early pink (up to 70 kg), Pink pearls (up to 70 kg), Kid (up to 63 kg), April (60 kg), Lena (up to 60 kg).

Sea buckthorn

It just so happened historically that all varieties of sea buckthorn can be divided into 3 groups. With low yields, you can collect 5-6 kg per bush. Fortunately, there are not many of them. Mediums (most of them) give 10-12 kg. And on the most productive, more than 15 kg of berries ripen!

Among them: Moskvichka (21 kg), Botanicheskaya (up to 20 kg), Moscow pineapple (18.8 kg), Panteleevskaya (up to 17.6 kg), Minusa (17.4 kg), Chechek (16.8), Inya (16.2 kg), Nivelena (16.1 kg), Sayana (up to 16 kg), Ruet (15.8 kg), Tenga (15.6 kg), Perchik's hybrid (15.2 kg), Moscow beauty ( 15 kg), Pleasing (15 kg), Botanical amateur (up to 15 kg).

Black currant

The average yield for most blackcurrant varieties is 1.5–2 kg per bush. But there are champions who give 2-3 or even 7 times more berries!

Ksyusha (up to 13.8 kg), Nyura (up to 7 kg), Ilyina's Gift (up to 6.6 kg), Imandra 2 (6 kg), Harmony (up to 6 kg), Kupalinka (up to 6 kg), Lama (up to 5.9 kg), Sudarushka (up to 5.9 kg), Pygmy (up to 5.7 kg), Hera (up to 5.5 kg), Natasha (up to 5.2 kg), Venus (up to 5.1 kg) , Reform (up to 5.1 kg), Amgun (4-4.5 kg), Leningrad giant (up to 4.5 kg), Nika (up to 4.5 kg), In memory of Shukshin (up to 4.5 kg), Rita (up to 4.5 kg), Dashkovskaya (up to 4.1 kg), The little Prince(up to 4.1 kg), In memory of Potapenko (up to 4.1 kg), Daughter (4 kg), Moscow (4 kg), Argazinskaya (up to 4 kg), Volodinka (up to 4 kg), Odzhebin (up to 4 kg) , Gift to Kuzior (up to 4 kg), Gift for October (up to 4 kg), Sweet-fruited (up to 4 kg), Overture (up to 4 kg).

Gooseberry

On average, one gooseberry bush yields 2–4 kg of berries. But you can collect many times more if you plant:

Hinnonmaen punainen (up to 13 kg), Beryl (up to 10 kg), Ural pink (up to 9.6 kg), Bright (up to 7.8 kg), Shershnevsky (up to 7.6 kg), Vladil (up to 7.5 kg ), Spring (up to 7.5 kg), Chelyabinsk green (up to 7.1 kg), Eridan (up to 7.1 kg), Ural grapes (up to 7 kg), Cooperator (up to 6.9 kg), Red large ( up to 6.5 kg), White nights (up to 6.2 kg), Candy (up to 6.2 kg), Harlequin (up to 6 kg), Senator (up to 6 kg).

Raspberries

For most varieties of raspberries, the average yield ranges from 50 kg per one hundred square meters. For example, the popular News Kuzmina gives 50-70 kg. And if you want more, plant these varieties:

Nizhny Novgorod (183 kg), Ruby necklace (158 kg), Orange miracle (155 kg), Elegant (140 kg), Eurasia (134 kg), Bryansk miracle (131 kg), Firebird (131 kg), Illusion (130 kg), Vera (up to 129 kg), Golden Autumn (126 kg), Bell (up to 120 kg), Ruby (up to 120 kg), Apricot (100-120 kg), Augustina (117 kg), Indian Summer 2 (115 kg).

When arranging your garden, it is not easy to plant those plants that you like, but also take into account the fact that not all types of trees can become good neighbors for each other, as well as how the best way arrange trees on the site.

There are a number of important factors to consider when organizing your garden area. Each tree requires a certain area for its development. If you plan to arrange beds with vegetables in addition to trees, then it is better to first find a place for them.

You should not plant trees near the beds, but this is a great place for a variety of shrubs that will not interfere with the growth of vegetables.

How to start decorating your garden

Fruit and berry trees are better placed further from the beds and closer to the bushes, because for the latter, the shadows falling on them will not create much inconvenience. Between the trees distance should not be less than five meters, and between the bushes - not less than one and a half meters.

The distance from the nearby building to the tree should also be less than four meters, because otherwise the roots can destroy the foundation of the house, which will hinder their development. If we talk about shrubs, then they should be located two meters from the buildings.

In the event that your site is small, you can plant trees related to colonial... The distance between them can be much less, but it should be borne in mind that it will not be possible to get a large amount of harvest from them.

To begin with, you should carefully consider which tree and where will be located. Desirable fertilize soil, fence off the area with a fence that will contain wind gusts and check the site for the presence of groundwater that will interfere with the development of your plants.

When planting trees, you should pay attention to the degree illumination the chosen place, because each of them needs different amount sun rays.

For example, shrubs and trees that not desirable placed in the shade include pear, quince, apricot, sea buckthorn, peach, mountain ash, plum and cherry. Other species can develop without any problems in places where the amount of sunlight is limited.

An area in the shade of tall trees is a great place for shrubs, as many of them prefer shaded areas. They will also feel great near a fence or near buildings. But do not place them too close to each other, as this will become a problem for their growth.

Plants that comfortable feel even out of reach of sunlight, the following trees and shrubs are:

It is also necessary to consider climatic the conditions of the territory, because many fruit and berry trees and shrubs will not be able to develop and bring a high-quality and large harvest in weather conditions that do not correspond to their preferences.

What can be planted nearby, and what is strictly prohibited?

Often people neglect such an important factor as incompatibility some plants. Some trees and shrubs simply cannot get along in the immediate vicinity and will not bring anything but extra hassle.

A prime example is Walnut, incompatible with any other plant, because it has a very dense crown, which practically does not pass a single sunbeam, and a powerful root system that sucks out all the beneficial trace elements from the soil. You will need to donate as much as eighteen meters for planting this plant.

You should carefully study the list below so as not to make mistakes, the correction of which will take a lot of time:

1. Cherries are especially moody. Do not place apricot, pear, plum, peach tree and hawthorn next to it.
2. Do not plant raspberries in the shade of an apple or pear tree.
3. The apple tree, in turn, will not be able to get along with cherries, raspberries, cherry plums, peach trees, barberries and apricots.
4. The pear does not develop very well near cherry plum, sweet cherry, raspberry, barberry, cherry and plum.

The question arises: which cultures will be able to wonderful get along with each other?

Fruit trees and shrubs

Sometimes you want to decorate your garden with new and more unusual trees and shrubs, in comparison with apple and currant. But planting non-traditional plants for our country requires the study of many things in order to obtain a high-quality result.

The article provides a description exotic trees and shrubs that are proper care will not only become wonderful decorations for your garden and a reason for pride, but will also bear many fruits.

Only a few summer residents and gardeners manage to grow this tree on their site, because it was born under the hot rays of the sun in the south, and therefore, its development requires certain climatic conditions. Only a small part of the varieties this tree can adapt to our frosts and give ripe and tasty fruits in the weather conditions of our country. Their names are shown in the following list:

• Countess;
• Aquarius;
• Alyosha;
• Northern;
• Lel;
• Triumph.

Therefore, when planting an apricot, you must pay maximum attention to the place where it will grow. The perfect solution there will be an area on the south or southwest side of your site, which will be carefully protected from gusts of wind. To keep the tree strong and strong, you should protect it from cold, damp and drafts.

It is also advisable to prepare the soil before planting it. For this, sand, clay and peat are mixed, dolomite flour and compost. The preferred time for planting apricots is the end of April. A planting hole is dug, the size of which is seventy by seventy centimeters.

It is important to know that groundwater, as mentioned earlier, creates many problems for the cultivation of many plants, and apricot is no exception.

If you would like to plant it, despite the presence of groundwater, then you should adhere to some rules. The seedling is placed in a mound, the height of which will be about a meter, and a radius of about four to six meters. The advantage of such a landing is that it gives protection from excessive moisture during snow melting.

The fruits of this tree are sensational Goji berries, which, if they do not help to cope with excess weight, in any case will benefit your body.

The undoubted advantage of this plant is its frost resistance... Dereza tolerates temperatures down to minus fifteen degrees. However, if the winters in your area are colder, then in order to preserve the shrub, it is recommended to keep it in containers that will be removed during the cold season, for example, in the basement.

If the climatic conditions are warm, then you can safely plant Chinese wolfberry already in the fall. The tree is not picky and the soil characteristics do not play a big role, however, it is preferable to choose a location on the south or southwest side of your site.

A planting pit for a Chinese tree should be forty by fifty centimeters in size. The seedlings should be placed at a distance of two meters from each other. When choosing fertilizers, you should give preference to humus, peat, superphosphate and wood ash... If you are planting a wolfberry in containers, it is important to know that it will need much more watering than if it were growing in soil.

No pollinators are needed for dereza, but it is worth considering that when planting not one, but several shrubs at once, yield will increase markedly. Chinese Dereza will not only bear useful fruits, but also become an ornament for your garden, because it blooms almost throughout the season.

Multi-flowered moss (gumi)

The shrub itself is very beautiful during flowering, and its fruits have a peculiar but very pleasant taste.

The selection of a place for this variety is made similarly with apricot. Landing is carried out at the end of April. It is not necessary to have several shrubs nearby at once, because its flowers are bisexual, but to achieve best result it is still recommended to plant about three plants of this variety.

Fruits appear on old shoots. therefore, the shrub requires shelter during the cold season. It is important to get rid of frozen and damaged shoots. The undoubted advantage of gumi is its help in enriching the soil with nitrogen and attracting bees.

Duke

This variety with interesting name was obtained by crosses cherries and cherries. Its fruits are not as sweet as those of cherries, but have a slight sourness. Duke does not tolerate frost particularly well, but there are a number of varieties that are preferably planted in the middle lane.

• Wonder cherry;
• Beautiful Venyaminova;
• Night-1;
• Night-2;
• Spartan woman;
• Ivanovna;
• Beauty of the North.

It is imperative to be located next to the sweet cherry duke, which will serve pollinator for him. These are such varieties as Tyutchevka, Krasnaya dense, Iput.

The place for the duke must be very warm and sunny, with no groundwater. There are no subtleties in the planting of this variety, it is planted in the same way with its progenitors: cherries and cherries. When deciding to decorate your garden with a duke, you should take into account that you will not be able to get a harvest if the winter is especially cold.

This variety got its name for the fruits that look very much like strawberries. It is imperative to limit the rhizome when planting this shrub, since it grows especially quickly. To do this, you can simply dig in slate along the length and width of the pit. If this is not done, then in a few years the garden will overgrow in strawberry raspberries.

Please note that harvesting without any difficulties will not work, because there is a huge amount of thorns... That is why most gardeners plant this variety as hedge, That is a great solution due to the long and beautiful flowering of raspberries.

The flowering dogwood is an incredibly beautiful sight. Its bright little flowers appear faster than leaves, and you can enjoy them for about three weeks. It is not necessary to plant the dogwood in a bright area, because the shadow will not create problems for its development. The advantage is that only young dogwood should be sheltered for the cold season.

Cornelian cherries are planted either in April or in autumn, from September to October. The size landing pit is eighty by eighty centimeters. Despite the fact that the growth of the tree is slow, it is absolutely not whimsical and has a number of advantages though not as popular.

Studying all the above rules and subtleties will help you create your own unique and ideal garden with fruit trees and shrubs that will delight the eye and bring a good harvest!