Sewage wells are divided into several types: inspection, rotary, differential and storage. Each of them performs separate functions.

At the same time, if the sewage system on the site is simple, then it will be enough to install only a storage well. Otherwise, you will have to familiarize yourself with the installation intricacies of each of the listed options.

Types of sewer wells

Inspection wells and features of their installation

Inspection wells are needed to facilitate the maintenance of sewer pipes - their repair and cleaning. They are installed in a straight line every 30 m. The distance may vary depending on the diameter of the pipes.

Inspection well

Such wells can be bought ready-made, or you can make them yourself, for example, from a plastic corrugated pipe or concrete rings.

Installation in different cases will differ slightly.

It consists of the following stages of work:

Installation of a manhole

• dig a pit at the junction of two sewer pipes. Its depth should be approximately 40 cm greater than the depth of the pipeline lining;
• arrange a cushion of medium-fraction crushed stone. Its height should be approximately 20 cm;
• make the base. You can lay a concrete slab or build formwork with reinforcement, and then fill it with concrete;
• make holes in the concrete ring to connect sewer pipes;
• install a concrete ring, seal its joint with the bottom using cement mortar and bitumen;
• connect the pipeline, also treat the joints with bitumen to increase their tightness;
• perform external waterproofing of the rings using bitumen;
• Make a castle out of rich clay around the perimeter of the well. Its thickness should be approximately 30 cm;
• install the ceiling and hatch.

Mounted inspection well

Typically, inspection wells are located at a shallow depth, but everything will depend on the depth of the pipeline.

If the height of the product is large enough, then its diameter should be about 1 meter.

This will allow a person to go down into the well to service communications.

How to install a rotary well

Rotary well

Essentially, this is the same inspection well, but installed at the point where the pipeline turns.

But here the place of inlet and outlet of pipes is different: the holes are located relative to each other at an angle of more than 45 degrees.

This is what a rotary concrete well looks like

If you decide to install sewer wells of this type, let’s consider it using the example of using a corrugated pipe.

To do this you will need to do the following:

Installation of a rotary well

• dig a pit 40 cm deeper than the depth of the pipes;
• compact the bottom;
• arrange a sand-cement cushion 20 cm high;
• make cement pouring of the base;
• install a wide corrugated pipe with holes made in it for connecting sewer pipes;
• connect the pipeline using special couplings that ensure a tight connection;
• lay a layer of waterproofing and thermal insulation;
• install a cover on the inspection well;
• backfill.

This is how a rotary well is mounted

If the rotary well is made of reinforced concrete rings, products with a diameter of 1 meter should be used so that you can go down and service the pipes.

Installation of a drop well

Here the installation of sewer wells will be slightly different from previous options.

The only difference is that the inlet and outlet pipes will be located at different levels.

This will help reduce driving speed waste water, normalize the operation of the septic tank.

Differential sewer well

IN in this case a drop well suggests the presence of one element that is uncharacteristic of previous types.

We are talking about omission. It will allow wastewater to be directed to the bottom of the well.

Let's consider its installation separately, because all other work will be identical to the previous cases.

Scheme of differential wells

To set the lowering, you need:

Installation of a drop well

• install a drop well in a pit on a cement-sand cushion;
• connect the inlet and outlet pipes;
• connect the lower to the inlet pipe using a special tee. Its horizontal hole must be temporarily closed;
• install the lower in a vertical position, secure it to the wall of the well;
• At the free end of the lowering, install an elbow that will supply drains at an angle of 45 degrees.

Storage wells and their installation

If we are talking about installing a plastic storage well, the work will be done very easily.

It will only take a couple of days to carry it out, and you can do it yourself.

The installation sequence will look like this:

Storage drainage well

• dig a pit 50 cm larger in width and depth than the plastic container itself;
• compact the bottom, lay a sand cushion;
• fill the bottom cement mortar 20 cm high;
• install a plastic container;
• secure it to the bottom using special fasteners;
• fill the septic tank with water;
• perform thermal insulation with foam plastic or other similar material;
• backfill;
• install a hatch;
• cover the container with a layer of sheet thermal insulation;
• cover with soil on top.

Installation of a storage plastic well

If we talk about what the technology for installing sewer wells made of concrete rings should be, then the sequence of work can be formulated as follows:

Installation of a well made of concrete rings

Completion of installation of a well made of concrete rings

When thinking about how to install sewer wells from reinforced concrete rings, you should know that waterproofing and sealing should be given large number attention.

Under the influence of temperature changes, the tightness of the seams may be compromised.

You can also additionally finish the seams with a special sealing rubber tape.

Video

A sewer well is necessary to access the system and monitor its operation. Monitoring of sewage systems, as well as their cleaning and rinsing, takes place in places where sewer wells are installed.

Types of wells

There are several types of wells:

• inspection rooms, which are divided into rotary (they are installed at the turns of the system), linear (located on straight sections) and node (they are installed on nodes and wiring);
• control (to monitor the full operation of the system).

In addition to inspection wells, drainage wells can also be noted. They, in turn, are divided into water intake, absorption and rotary. They also differ in their shape, as they are round and rectangular.

Concrete and brick, which have always been used for the manufacture and installation of sewer wells, are gradually being replaced artificial materials– polyethylene and fiberglass.

Due to its strength and resistance to various kinds influences, these materials are perfect for constructing not only sewer lines, but also wells.

Pay attention! Because different types Since sewer wells serve different purposes, they are built according to their purpose. When observed big difference At the differences between the underwater and outlet pipes, differential wells are constructed. To collect water, water intake wells are made, which are needed in cases where there is no reservoir or drainage ditches nearby to discharge liquid. Such a drainage well is installed at the lowest point of the area, having dug a pit about two meters deep under it.

Next, concrete rings are installed in the pit, and expanded clay, crushed stone or pebbles and a layer of turf are poured onto the bottom. The deeper the well and the higher the moisture content in the soil, the thicker the backfill layer at the bottom should be.

When water enters the drainage well, all the silt and particles are retained on the backfill, and the already purified liquid is absorbed into the soil or discharged further along.

Rotary wells, which are necessary at the bends of the system, create convenient conditions for cleaning or repairing such areas. At the same time, repairing a sewer well is also simple, thanks to the simple design of the device.

The size of the drainage systems determines the size of the wells - from small inspection wells, with a diameter of 31-100 cm, to two-meter wells - in places where human or special equipment access is required.

Wells made from polymer materials, have proven themselves in long-term and uninterrupted operation. They are not susceptible to corrosion and destructive bacteria and fungi.

Pay attention! Especially useful for installation are corrugated mine pipes, which adapt to changes and deformations of the soil, adjusting to shifts or subsidence of the soil. They do not have this property concrete wells, which can shift along with the soil, and subsequently cause cracks and displacement of reinforced concrete rings.

Well installation

One of the simplest processes is the technology of installing sewer wells. But this work must be done carefully and following all the necessary rules.

1. At the point where the pipes exit and enter, guided by the design, a corrugated pipe equipped with a bottom is installed.
2. A cutter is used to make a hole corresponding to the diameter of the coupling for mounting the inlet pipe. The hole must be located at least half a meter from the bottom of the well for normal observation and control of the water level.
3. Mounted if necessary check valve to the well inlet pipe.
4. A trench is filled in above the lid at a level 25 cm above it, then leveled and thoroughly compacted.

The question often arises, what should be the distance between sewer wells?

This depends on the length of the highway itself, as well as on the presence of interchanges and turns in it. It is advisable to install inspection wells at key points. This will greatly simplify cleaning and repair of the pipeline if it becomes clogged.

As for the drainage well, as noted above, its depth must be at least two meters. this type is necessary for water discharge if there are no sewers, lake or river nearby.

If you have a septic tank on your property, inspection wells are necessary. Their size can be small, and choose the distance between sewer wells based on the distance from the house to the septic tank.

If there are no turns throughout the drainage system, it is enough to install one or two small wells. They are installed along with the installation autonomous system cleaning.

In the case of a properly laid sewer pipe with the required slope for unimpeded flow of water, the well will be used extremely rarely, and only to control the drainage and.

If necessary, the drainage well can be used as a filter for the final purification of water that has passed through the septic tank. The water drained into the well will be filtered, passing through a layer of sand and gravel at the bottom, thus purifying itself. The finally purified water will be absorbed into the soil without polluting environment and without causing any inconvenience to anyone.

The times of cesspools have practically sunk into oblivion. Today, private homes are equipped with autonomous biological treatment systems. But the wastewater must still flow from the cottage to the septic tank. In addition to pipes, it is often necessary to install sewer wells, which, according to their functionality, are divided into several types and have certain nuances in their design. However, in order to install them correctly yourself, it is enough to follow some simple rules.

Drainage networks consist of various elements, each of which has its own functions. Pipelines transport wastewater, shut-off valves regulates this process, and wells of various types allow you to monitor the state of the system and serve as its end point.

There are several types of sewer wells for various purposes

To carry out control, three types of well structures are installed:

1. Observations.
2. Drops.
3. Rotary.
4. Nodal.

The first ones are installed on long sections of sewer pipeline to inspect it and clean it as necessary. The latter are installed in areas with a large slope and allow you to reduce the flow power. Still others are installed at pipe turning points so that in case of blockages they can be cleared. And the fourth ones are installed when it is necessary to combine several water pipelines.

Sewerage pipelines end with a well of one of two types:

1. Storage – used for storing wastewater.
2. Filtration – designed for clarification and purification of wastewater.

In a private house, the installation of sewer wells of all these types is regulated by the rules set out in SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures" (SP 32.13330.2012) and SNiP 31-02-2001 "Single-apartment residential houses" (SP 55.13330.2011),

Advice! When installing, do not neglect the requirements of sanitary and building codes in the issue of placing sewerage elements on the site in relation to residential buildings and water sources, otherwise you can “play out” before an outbreak of infection.

Reinforced concrete well diagram

According to sanitary standards Septic tanks and sewer wells must be removed at a minimum:

• 3 meters from trees personal plot;
• 5 meters from the foundation and underground gas pipelines;
• 10 meters from the garden beds;
• 30 meters from the sources drinking water.

Often it takes quite a while to install a sewer well. long distance from a private house. You cannot do without long pipelines; you will have to install additional inspection units.

What are sewer wells made of?

Underground chambers of the external sewer system can be equipped with:

• concrete (reinforced concrete rings);
• bricks;
• factory-made plastic products.

Factory-made concrete rings are available for any size

The cheapest and most reliable option is made of concrete rings. Brickwork comparable in price, but due to high labor costs it is rarely used. A plastic tank is quite expensive, but it is the easiest to install yourself. Plastic is lightweight, and you will not need to order lifting equipment for installation.

Internal structure of a typical sewer well

Functionally, well structures differ, but they all have:

• lid or neck on top;
• a shaft and a working chamber in the middle;
• bottom-support at the very bottom.

Items may be different shapes and sizes. Everything in this matter depends on the purpose of the well. In the filtration filter, the bottom is made “leaky” - with a drainage cushion, and the remaining types are made in a sealed design with a durable bottom. The mines also have a wide variety of designs and different numbers of pipe entries.

Sewage system sooner or later it gets clogged. It is with the help of wells that cleaning is carried out. Previously, a plumber went inside for this, but in the last decade, suction pumps and installations have increasingly begun to be used high pressure. As a result, well shafts no longer need to be made large, to fit the dimensions of a person descending. There are enough narrow chambers into which you can squeeze a hose from a sewage disposal equipment.

Now we mainly install sewer wells small size made of plastic. It's cheaper, more practical and faster. Similar plastic products are produced at the factory. Model range is wide and allows you to choose an option for installation in a sewerage system of any capacity and purpose.

How to properly install a drain well

Before installing a sewer well near a private house, it is necessary to develop a project with the exact location of each element of the system. A simple plan on a piece of paper is not enough. The design must be carried out by a qualified specialist who will immediately take into account all the nuances and rules.

Installation of input into a plastic well

A simplified well installation process looks like this:

1. Preparation of a pit according to the dimensions of the selected structure with a depth below the soil freezing level.
2. Forming a gravel cushion 20–30 cm thick at the bottom for a sealed tank and 40–50 cm for a septic tank drainage chamber.
3. Laying on gravel concrete slab grounds.
4. Installation of concrete rings or plastic construction.
5. Pipe connection.
6. Closing the well with a lid with a hatch and a ventilation pipe.
7. Backfilling of pits and pipeline trenches.

When using bricks or reinforced concrete rings special attention During installation, attention should be paid to sealing the well from the inside. All joints and seams must be coated with cement mortar and bitumen. Chambers with drainage do not need tightness at all. The more holes there are at the bottom and sides, the faster the drainage into the ground will occur.

Important! Well structures made of plastic need a heavy “anchor”, otherwise they can be squeezed out of the soil during floods. Most often, this clamp is made in the form of a concrete slab, which has a special hook for attaching a plastic well.

Sewage well connection diagram

It is imperative to install a water trap in the filtration and differential well, which will dampen the energy of the water flow and will not allow it to destroy the body or drainage cushion.

The ventilation pipe should rise 0.6–0.7 meters above the ground. This is the only way it will function correctly and prevent the accumulation inside of explosive gases formed during the decomposition of organic matter.

To avoid freezing, the well must be covered with a layer of soil at least half a meter thick at the end of installation. If pouring such a cover from the ground is problematic, then you will have to insulate the structure with polystyrene foam.

Everything is quite simple, the work can be done even alone. But if the sewerage system is long and the septic tank is far from the house, then it is better to use an excavator to speed up the excavation.

Video: correct installation of wells for a two-chamber septic tank

When installing sewer wells, it is necessary to comply with many rules of both construction and sanitary nature. Following these standards will avoid biological contamination of the soil and sources of drinking water near a private home. You can do the installation yourself; difficulties are possible only with heavy reinforced concrete rings. But in matters of design, it is better to consult with a professional plumber or simply order finished project sewer system.

A sewer well is a necessary component external sewerage in the system country house. Its design must fully comply with all the requirements of SNiP and GOST, even with self-installation equipment without the involvement of professionals. For the quality functioning of the entire system, the installation of sewer wells is carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.04.03-85, which is called “Sewerage. External networks and structures."

Requirements for the sewerage device

In accordance with the design documentation, all system components are installed in precisely designated locations on the site in front of country house. The rules of SNiP and GOST impose certain requirements not only on the stages of work, but also on the materials used. The sewer system includes not only a drain tank. Work planning is carried out according to norms and rules, violation of which is monitored by special regulatory authorities.

To create external sewerage use various systems, in accordance with which installation is carried out:

Layout of a sewer well according to SNiP requirements

• General alloy. Here all drains are combined into one network. This includes the collector.
• Semi-separate alloy, when wastewater from the farm and sediments are drained separately, but accumulate in one well.
• Separate. In this case, the natural base and household waste collected in different collectors.

The design of each system requires taking into account the soil characteristics on the site and the installation of the pipeline is carried out according to all the rules with precise calculation slope The requirements are listed in SNiP 2.04.03-85.

The slightest change in the angle of inclination of the pipes during the installation of the pipeline can lead to its clogging and the need to dismantle or replace individual components of the sewer system.

Slope Design

The slope angle is calculated at the project development stage. The design of the sewerage system requires strict adherence to the parameters specified in the documentation. Too much slope to provide high speed flow of liquid that will not allow the removal of solid components. A slight slope is the reason for rapid clogging of the system due to stagnation of sewage.

In accordance with GOST, the optimal speed of fluid movement through the pipeline should be from 0.7 to 1 meter per second. According to State standard and SNiP established standards according to which the system is installed, the installation of sewer wells is installed and the slope angle is established:

• for pipes with a diameter of 11 cm - 2 cm/p. m.;
• with a pipe diameter of 16 cm - 0.8 cm/p. m.

Education cannot be allowed reverse slope when executing installation work. Not only the pipes themselves, but also all components used in assembling the system must comply with sanitary standards.

Features of the system in private households

In accordance with SNiP and GOST, the installation of sewer wells in the area adjacent to a private house is impossible without the construction of inspection collectors. Such a structure is necessary to control the movement of sewage through the pipeline system and clean the pipes if necessary. This procedure, in accordance with the requirements of SNiP sewer wells, is carried out quarterly.

It is mandatory to install inspection manifolds, the distance between which depends on the length of the pipeline and the diameter of the installed pipes:

• With a pipe diameter of 15 cm, each subsequent collector should be located at a distance of 30 to 40 meters from the previous one.
• If the system is installed using pipes with a diameter of 20 cm, then the distance to the collector will be at least 50 m.

According to the requirements of SNiP and GOST, the installation of inspection wells must be carried out at pipeline turns, at pipe junctions and where branches from the main pipe are created.

Construction of sewer wells in accordance with SNiP and GOST is possible by selecting the appropriate components. Since collections can be made not only of stone, but also of plastic, it is necessary to be very careful when choosing and purchasing components.

Calculation features

In accordance with existing standards and requirements of SNiP and GOST, the constituent elements without which it is impossible high-quality installation sewer wells can be reinforced concrete and polymer. The choice depends on the characteristics of the collector itself, and the basic requirements are described in the accompanying instructions.

The installation of sewer wells will take place as quickly and efficiently as possible, in strict accordance with GOST and SNiP, if the installation specialists pay attention to the permitted options for combining structural elements and are able to comply with all the dimensions specified in the documentation.

The volume that the viewing room will have and sewer well, can be calculated knowing its depth and diameter, and these parameters must strictly comply with SNiP:

• 15 cm with a pipe diameter of 0.7 cm;
• 1 m – 60 cm;
• 1.5 m – 150 cm;
• more than 1.5 m with a pipe diameter and well depth of more than 3 m.

The installation of sewer wells begins with earthworks. They include site preparation, marking, and digging a pit.

Preparatory work

Before you begin marking and creating a pit for sewer collectors, you need to choose the right location and prepare the site for the work. First of all, they get rid of excess vegetation in the area where the system will be installed. Trees are uprooted and large shrub, remove the fertile layer of soil. You may have to get rid of some outbuildings, freeing up the area for the future foundation pit.

The next stage of the work is marking the site, which is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST and SNiP:

• accurately measure the distance between inspection manifolds;
• determine the natural slope of the soil;
• pipes and other components are laid out on the surface.

When starting to dig a pit, they prepare a site for collecting the excavated soil and prepare equipment for its removal or distribution throughout the site. According to the design documentation, the depth of the future pit is determined, and after it has been dug, the bottom of the pit is cleaned and the design data is once again checked with the result of the work performed.

The construction of the collector requires waterproofing at the bottom of the finished pit if the well is built of stone. As waterproofing materials use roofing material. Now you can start digging trenches for the pipeline.

The depth of the trench depends on the freezing point of the soil. In accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.04.03-85, to create this design, products made of metals or polymer materials that can resist corrosion are used.

Initial stage

Before installation of the structure begins, metal pipes are treated protective compounds to extend their service life. Corrugated pipes made of polyethylene have a smooth inner surface, due to their design features, they are able to withstand significant soil pressure, and therefore are in high demand and extremely popular.

After preparing the bottom of the pit, a decision is made on the concreting method. The quality of the base depends on the characteristics of the tank itself and the material:

• The construction of a drainage well requires concreting around the perimeter of the tank.
• The bottom of the storage collector is concreted according to the principle of creating a monolithic foundation.
• Preparatory work includes filling the base of the well with gravel and crushed stone to a height of at least 1 m.

The same applies to the tightness of the collector. Storage tanks are coated on the outside with a thick layer of bitumen or clay, and drainage installations require the use of perforated rings.

Performing installation

Installation of a sewer collector begins with the installation of a concrete pad. For this purpose you will need cement grade M500, sand and crushed stone of the middle fraction. Concrete is poured depending on the type of well being constructed. The features that distinguish the installation are described above.

The construction of a sewer well requires high-quality treatment of the ends of the pipeline with bitumen, but in some cases concrete is successfully used for these purposes. The next stage is the installation of rings made of concrete:

Complete diagram of the construction of a sewer well made of concrete rings

• It's important to keep track of the right choice products, checking the diameter of each of the installed rings.
• Installation is carried out using special equipment to achieve maximum accuracy, high-quality and reliable fixation.
• The joints between the rings should be treated with concrete or bitumen mastic to create a sealed structure.

Now it's time to lay the pipeline and check the quality of connections at various nodes. After making sure that the fixation is secure, you can begin checking the tank itself, backfilling its walls, and installing the lid. All these actions are necessary if the sewer is constructed of stone or brick, but modern manufacturers offer consumers high-quality, reliable and durable plastic wells.

Plastic products fully comply with all established standards and requirements of SNiP and sanitary standards. They are much easier to install, do not require as much excavation work, and even those who are doing this for the first time can connect a pipeline to such a well. In addition, pipes made of any material can be connected. According to most experts, plastic wells are the optimal solution for arranging sewerage in a suburban area.

Video: Sewerage for a private house

A sewer well is a structure necessary to monitor the operation of the wastewater disposal system and provide access to it for cleaning and flushing. The design of these sewer devices is quite simple and allows them to be erected on our own, minimally involving outside labor and equipment.

There are several types of sewer wells:

• Observations. They come in three types - rotary, installed in places where pipelines turn, linear - on straight sections, nodal, which are mounted on distributions and nodes.
• Drop wells are installed in places where there is a large difference in the position of the pipes.
• The purpose of filtration or drainage wells is to purify wastewater in layers of sand, crushed stone or pebbles; they can be used for post-treatment of wastewater after a septic tank.
• The storage well is used to collect wastewater.

Installation of sewer wells: basic rules

The sewer well consists of working chamber, neck and hatch.

The installation of wells can be carried out with the expectation that one structure will perform several functions at once.

When installing these devices, the following rules must be observed:

• the first inspection well should be located at a distance not exceeding 12 m from the sewer outlet;
• the inspection well is located at a distance from the house building exceeding 3 m;
• the distance between sewer wells is 15 m from each other.

Drop wells are installed in cases where the terrain does not make it possible to place pipes with the required slope. If the height difference is not very significant, you can do without a drop well, which differs in design from similar devices another type.

You can make the lowering yourself, for which you will need a cross, an elbow and a pipe.

When connecting plastic pipes the elbow can be bent at an angle of 45 0, cast iron - 135 0.

The lowering is connected to the wall of the well with clamps. The crosspiece is a mandatory element, since otherwise it will be difficult to clean the sewer well if it is clogged.

Installation of rotary type sewer wells is carried out in areas where the pipeline turns. These structures simultaneously perform two roles - an inspection well and a device for flushing and cleaning sewers. Rotary trays have a special shape.

Features of the construction of storage sewer wells

The storage well is designed for collection and primary treatment of wastewater. It has a number of features.

Location drain well selected according to existing sanitary and environmental standards. According to these rules, the well must be located at a distance of at least 5 meters from the building.

There should be the maximum possible distance between the wastewater well and the water intake point. On clay soils this distance is 20 m, on clayey ones - 50 m.

To install a drain well, select a site that is located below the level of housing construction, at a sufficient distance from the house and the well or borehole. Wells are round or square containers with a concrete bottom. Design storage devices must be as tight as possible to prevent untreated waste from entering the environment.

Storage wells are cleaned of thick and solid waste using suction pumps.

Sewage well installation technology

To reduce the time required for excavation work, it is advisable to hire an excavator.

After making the pit, a foundation is erected, which is different for storage and drainage wells:

• to construct a storage well, the bottom of the pit is covered with pebbles and then filled with cement mortar,
• The bottom of the drainage well is arranged differently - it is covered with pebbles or gravel to a depth of 500-1000 mm, concreting is carried out along the perimeter of the pit.

After making the bottom of the pit, the body of the main chamber is erected. To make a well, brick, stone, and standard reinforced concrete rings are used.

An important characteristic of the storage well chamber is tightness, so it is coated with bitumen from the inside, or the joints of reinforced concrete rings are coated with cement mortar.