The angle of inclination of the roof from sandwich panels. Sandwich panel roof installation technology: stages of work

Roofing sandwich panels are a convenient modern material for covering roofs of any area. They appeared on the construction market relatively recently, but builders are willing to use them in their work because of a number of qualities:

Ease of installation: sandwich panels are mounted without any extra physical effort, and the process takes relatively little time,
Light weight with a large area: this is both an advantage and a disadvantage, because the panels are easy to carry, but the wind easily removes them from their place,
Good heat and sound insulation,
fire resistance,
Appearance: With sandwich panels, home, garage, shop and any other building get a personality and make passers-by pay attention to its organic design.

Why do you need a slope?

Making a roof slope means going to increase costs. The higher the laying, the more material is needed to cover the area. But since you can save money on this, is it worth it at all to make a bias and spend extra money?

Firstly, a roof made of sandwich panels has special installation conditions in the SNiP standards, and ignoring them will be a mistake and bring trouble.

Problems when erecting the wrong slope

Ignoring or ignorance of the rules for laying roofing from sandwich panels will bring trouble to the owners of the building in the form of:

Rapid material wear and quality deterioration,
Stagnant waters that will begin to bloom
waterproofing failures,
Presentable loss.

Right choice

The minimum slope is selected according to the climatic environment of the building and the laying features. For a dry climate with hot air and constant solar exposure, when the roof is made of solid panels without transverse joints and openings, choose the minimum slope allowed by the rules of SNiPs - 5 °. If there are connections or skylights, then a greater slope is required.

All solutions for choosing slopes are indicated in the table. Four positions reflect the minimum figures, but construction decisions fluctuate in different cases. If the laying is not carried out by a professional with a special education, then there is no question of other solutions.

Roof sandwich panels
All solutions for choosing roof slopes from sandwich panels are indicated in the table.

One of the most common questions about the installation of panels is what slope of sandwich panels is acceptable for the roof. The fact is that the updated version of SNiP II-26-76 Code of Rules 17.13330.2011 "Roofs" (Table 1.), which shows the preferred slopes of roofs depending on the materials used, does not give an answer about sandwich panels. The material closest to the sandwich panels that appears in the Code of Practice is a profiled metal sheet. This item (galvanized steel, color coated, stainless steel, copper, zinc-titanium, aluminum sheet) is set to greater than or equal to 12%, that is, greater than or equal to an angle of 7°.

“The lack of a regulatory framework in this case is a significant barrier to providing the facility with roofing panels. The fact is that 90% of projects with a pitched roof use a slope of 10%. In this regard, we recommend making a slope of at least 10% when installing the roof from our sandwich panels,” said Vladimir Rodionov, Head of the Technical Solutions and Service Bureau of Teplant JSC.

The optimal slope value will increase the life of the roof by reducing the load on the sandwich panels.

In Soviet times, a lot of buildings were built in the style of the so-called Stalinist Empire style, where pomp was combined with monumentality and austerity in an amazing way. Architects often used columns, diamond-shaped colossi, and upward-looking shapes in their projects. Such buildings have been preserved throughout the country and are still in operation, despite the solid wear of the structures. In Ufa, a striking example of such a building is the Salavat Yulaev Sports Palace, which for several decades was the home arena of the hockey club of the same name.

On June 28, the annual scientific and practical conference was held at Teplant. This year it is held for the 5th time! In 2017, most of the projects were presented by financial, commercial services and customer service; this year, production workers excelled.

Alexander Rogachev joined the Teplant team in 2010, and in 8 years he has grown from the head of a legal bureau to the director of logistics and procurement. The young top manager told how his department works and what tasks he and his colleagues will solve in the very near future.

What slope is acceptable when installing roof sandwich panels?
What slope is acceptable when installing roof sandwich panels? One of the most common questions about the installation of panels is what slope of sandwich panels is acceptable for the roof. The point is that updated

The best option for BMZ is a roof made of three-layer metal sandwich panels completely ready for installation: it does not need additional insulation, is easy to install, cost-effective, has an aesthetic appeal, and is unpretentious in maintenance.

Reliable roofing is a combination of high-quality roofing sandwich panels at a bargain price, accurate calculations and proper installation!

Roof pitch made of sandwich panels

For guaranteed water drainage when the roof is iced, the slope of the roofing slopes should not be less than:

5% for roofs assembled from solid panels without cross joints and skylights,
8% for roofs assembled from panels connected along the length and in the presence of skylights.

At the same time, one should not forget about the minimum pitch and width of the roof supports. It is recommended to check the compliance of the support with the preferred characteristics. It will not be superfluous to take into account the data on the maximum permissible loads.

Proper installation starts with proper transport and storage. It is at this stage that the risk of damage to the panels and a decrease in their quality characteristics is high. To avoid mistakes, please read:

The panels must be mounted on thermal rubber bands glued along the entire length of the supporting element and adjacent structures. In the longitudinal joints and in the overlaps of the panels of the transverse joints, sealant must be laid, preferably butyl rubber tape. The use of silicone sealants is not permitted.

When laying panels longer than 12 m, it is permissible to use a transverse beam - a traverse. It is allowed to use a single-tee or channel beam - the panel is suspended every 3-4 m.

The slope of the roof must also be taken into account to avoid damage to the edges of the panels.

Raising panels to the roof

In the process of laying roofing sandwich panels, the best option is to use a crane.

The lifting of individual panels from the package one by one must be carried out using specially designed and widely available tools: a carpenter's clamp with a steel plate and a rubber or felt pad, a vacuum gripper.

Installation of roof panels: fastening to the run, ridge, ebb

First of all, with the exception of ridge roof purlins, with the help of one fastener, the panel is fixed to the purlin under the ridge.

The extreme panels are attached in the upper part of the trapezium to the run with three self-tapping screws, the middle ones - with two. Given the difference in loads in the above areas, the recommendations are conditional. The final number and type of fasteners is determined by the working draft.

Upon completion of the main installation work, it is necessary:

between the ridge runs, mount the inner ridge bar
polyurethane foam to fill the free space in the joints of the panels,
when the foam hardens, install a profiled polyurethane gasket on both sides of the ridge,

In the case of using roof panels with mineral wool insulation, the joint is filled with a mineral wool sealing compound.

Proper organization of the tide is also important. To ensure proper drainage from the roof surface, the panels in the overhang are trimmed with a plank.

A heater is cut under the top skin of the panel, the bar is pushed through and attached to the bottom panel. The gutter hooks are attached to the plank, later the gutter pipes are inserted, preferably made of PVC.

Roof junction to sandwich panels

Mounting units, junctions of roofing panels, fastening of panels and decorative strips are carried out in the strictest accordance with the design documentation, the development of which is carried out by a specialized organization licensed to carry out design.

Standard units for panels of the AluTerm construction series are set out in the "Design Recommendations".

Roofing from sandwich panels: installation technology, minimum slope, junction points
Sandwich panel roof installation technology, diagrams of typical junction points, design recommendations, optimal roof slope angle and other recommendations.

Due to its simplicity, the installation of roofing sandwich panels is very popular. But it is the strength and durability of the material that depend on how correctly the transportation and installation work was carried out, whether the features of the sandwich panel installation technology were fully observed during the creation of the roof.

Material feature

Ideal for roofing, sandwich panels are incredibly easy to install. When arranging a roof with their help, the customer is faced with a huge selection of plates, which differ from each other by many factors.

Thermal insulation boards are:

polyurethane foam,
polystyrene,
polyisocyanurate,
from mineral wool.

Perhaps the main advantage of sandwich panels for roofing is their light weight, but their main purpose is to perform the function of the final coating and insulation material. The best indicators for thermal insulation can be provided by models with basalt wool.

A very thin, but durable sheet material of the case is covered with a polymer coating that performs not only decorative, but also additional protective functions. Strong corrosion protection also provides the opportunity to choose different color variations of the roof.

What does the roof sandwich panel consist of:

galvanized steel with a polymer coating - 0.5-0.7 millimeters,
transparent polyethylene film that performs a protective function,
trapezoidal insert made of expanded polystyrene,
a labyrinth-shaped locking connection designed to drain water from the joints, so that the joints remain hermetically insulated,
two-component adhesive, polyurethane, with extremely high adhesive properties,
lamella, consisting of mineral wool, which is created on the basis of basalt fibers.

Thanks to all the perfectly matched components, a roof made of sandwich panels is an advantageous choice in all respects.

Choosing the right angle of inclination

The minimum slope when creating a roof is used quite often, but all joint venture installers must know the norms of degrees as unshakable dogmas, otherwise they become simple workers from masters.

Important! During the creation of roof drawings and the planning of work, it is necessary to take into account the future slope of the roof in order to correctly calculate the amount of material required.

According to the norms established by SNiP, the roof from the joint venture should have a minimum slope of 5 o.

This rule is valid only under the following conditions:

the installation of the roof was carried out without joints and in length with solid panels,
no skylights,
there are no additional structures or decorative, functional elements that can affect the perfect integrity of the final layer.

Otherwise, the installation will be carried out in violation of the technology, and this will lead to the fact that the roof will not last for a long time or will leak.

If one of the points is violated, the minimum angle of the roof, mounted from sandwich panels, must be at least 7 o.

When planning the roof structure, at what angle the slope will be erected, first of all, the climatic features characteristic of the region in which the building is located are taken into account.

in areas with frequent rains, the slope of the roof under the joint venture should be at least 40 °,
dry and hot regions allow a minimum slope - from 5-7 to 25 o.

If in an area with high humidity to make the roof a minimum slope, excess water will accumulate on it, which will negatively affect the entire roof as a whole. These residues become ice in frosty time, and this can damage the protective coating and destroy the shell.

A slope exceeding an angle of 15 ° requires the installation of additional supports, otherwise the joint venture may move down.

Mounting Features

In the process of creating the smallest angle of inclination of the roof from the joint venture, no additional elements are used to fasten the base material to a wooden, reinforced concrete or metal structure. In the case of laying panels on a frame with a degree of inclination above the minimum, additional connecting fasteners are required for installation.

Despite the fact that the joint ventures are laid according to the technology from the lower corner to the upper, the method of forming the roof should not be laid horizontally, but vertically along. Otherwise, the integrity of the roof is at risk. In addition, it is easier to plan the progress of work in this way, and less material is used.

Important! The heater in the joint venture is mineral wool, which requires the obligatory use of a respirator by the master involved in the installation.

It is also worth noting that during the lifting of the JV onto the roof, it is not recommended to put the plates on the lock, otherwise it may deform, which will render the entire element unusable.

For roofing work, you should contact only experienced specialists who are competent in the installation of sandwich panels, since this material needs an individual laying technology.

The minimum slope of the roof of sandwich panels
Minimum slope of roofing sandwich panels Due to its simplicity, the installation of roofing sandwich panels is very popular. But it is the strength and durability of the material that depend

Ease of installation: sandwich panels are mounted without unnecessary physical effort, and the process takes relatively little time;
Light weight with a large area: this is both an advantage and a disadvantage, because the panels are easy to carry, but the wind easily removes them from their place;
Good heat and noise insulation;
fire resistance;
Appearance: With sandwich panels, home, garage, shop and any other building get a personality and make passers-by pay attention to its organic design.

Why do you need a slope?

Firstly, a roof made of sandwich panels has special installation conditions in the SNiP standards, and ignoring them will be a mistake and bring trouble.

Problems when erecting the wrong slope

Ignoring or ignorance of the rules for laying roofing from sandwich panels will bring trouble to the owners of the building in the form of:

Rapid wear of the material and deterioration in quality;
Stagnant waters that will begin to bloom;
Waterproofing violations;
Presentable loss.

Right choice

The minimum slope is selected according to the climatic environment of the building and the laying characteristics. For a dry climate with hot air and constant solar exposure, when the roof is made of solid panels without transverse joints and openings, choose the minimum slope allowed by the rules of SNiPs - 5 °. If there are connections or skylights, then a greater slope is required.

Guarantees

If the choice is made correctly, then the roof of the sandwich panels will serve the building for 25 years or more. During this period, there will be no unpleasant incidents in the form of leaks or freezing of the seams, if the installation was carried out with intelligence and arrangement. The external qualities of the panel lose for a long time, and a presentable appearance is maintained until the end of the service and the dismantling of the coating.

Sandwich panels are a relatively cheap roofing material, and for the price paid, they perform and exceed the plan of work and honest service to the building. The main thing is to carry out the laying work correctly and choose the minimum slope so that the coating can show its qualities in all its glory and represent the appearance of the building only from the best side.

Last revision: 26.10.2016

A modern roof structure cannot be perfectly flat, since precipitation in the form of snow or rain must be removed from its surface in any case. That is why, when installing flat roofs, it is imperative to follow the rule of the so-called ramping, which provides for a slight slope of the flooring to one side. The presence of such a slope allows you to drain rainwater from the surface of the coating and collect it at the roof fence, where special drain holes are prepared in advance for these purposes. The minimum slope of the roof, as a rule, is selected taking into account the following parameters of the roofing to be installed (at the same time, its performance is also taken into account):

used roofing material;
type of roof (classical or inversion);
number of waterproofing layers;
average annual precipitation (snow load);
wind loads on the structure.

SNiP requirements

The dependence of the angle of inclination on various factors is regulated by special building codes and regulations (SNiP). Among the requirements for the slope of a flat roof SNiP II-26-2010 “Roofs”, the following provisions regarding its dependence on the coating material are especially important:

depending on the type of waterproofing used, the angle of inclination of the roof can vary from 1.5 to 10º;
angles of inclination of a larger value (up to 2º) are chosen very rarely, which is explained by the difficulty of selecting a soft coating that would not slip to the base of the roof at high air temperatures;
the minimum slope of the so-called flat roof should be at least 1–1.5º.

Note! There is a certain relationship between the slope of the roof structure and the number of layers of waterproofing coating laid on it. The more significant this value, the faster precipitation will be removed from it, and, therefore, the number of waterproofing layers may be less.

The roofing materials used for covering the roof differ in their structure, according to which they have a more or less smooth surface. With an insufficiently smooth (rough) structure of the coating, the probability of retaining both water and snow on it increases markedly.

This is what determines the dependence of the minimum slope angle on the roofing material used. Next, we will consider the specific values of this indicator for various types of coatings.

The smallest angle of inclination of the slope when arranging a tile roof is usually chosen at least 15º (for some material models, this value may be 14º). If it is necessary to reduce this figure, some manufacturers advise treating the joints of metal tile sheets with a special waterproof sealant that retains its properties at low temperatures.

Note! If the slope is too gentle, precipitation will linger in certain places on the roof and seep into the joints during heavy rains. And this will lead to an additional load on the roof in those areas where they are delayed.

It is possible to partially get rid of this disadvantage by using tile samples with a higher wave height.

When using this type of roofing, the indicator we are considering should have a slightly lower value (as a rule, it is 12º).

In the case of making roofs from profiled sheets with a smaller slope, when laying them, it is necessary to observe the so-called two-wave overlap, and at angles of the order of 15º and above, an overlap of 20 cm will be sufficient.

At the minimum angle of the roof (i.e. when it is almost flat), a continuous batten should be used to increase the load capacity of the supporting structure.

There are several types of soft roofs, differing in the material from which they are made:

Flexible tiles. In the case of using the so-called soft roof as a coating (flexible tiles - in particular), the crate under it should be made in the form of a solid base made of plywood sheets (OSB). The minimum slope slope for this type of roofing is at least 11º.
bituminous coatings. For soft coatings of this category, the minimum roof slope has the lowest value (its value, as a rule, does not exceed 2º). But at the same time, as noted earlier, you will need to increase the number of layers to be laid. In the event that for technical reasons it is not possible to lay more than 1-2 layers of bituminous material, you will have to increase this figure to 15º. The minimum angle of inclination of a coating made on the basis of ondulin, as a rule, does not exceed 6º. This roofing material is the most preferred for low pitched roofs, but you will need a continuous batten to install it.
Clay tile (slate). When laying hard clay tiles or classic slate sheets, which have an uneven surface that holds snow well, the slope of the slopes must be at least 22º. At the same time, it is necessary to pay very close attention to the calculation of the rafter system, which, due to the large weight of the material, will experience significant loads. In addition, one should not forget about the additional loads on the rafters, which are possible with the accumulation of large amounts of snow on the roof, as well as with powerful gusts of wind in bad weather.

Taking into account all these factors, the requirements for the load capacity of the roofing system increase significantly.

Note! When making a roof made of tile or slate with a slope of less than 22º, you will have to recalculate the entire rafter system, since the loads on it in this case increase many times over.

According to the requirements of SNiP, the minimum slope of sandwich panel decking should be approximately 5º (provided that the coating is made continuous and has no joints along the entire length). Let us make a reservation right away that this indicator is valid only for cases where the roof does not provide for built-in windows or other elements that violate the integrity of the continuous coating.

In the presence of all these violations of the integrity of the flooring, the minimum slope of such a roof must be at least 7º.

Even at the design stage of a future roofing system (and, in particular, when choosing a roof construction option with a certain angle of inclination), it is imperative to take into account the climatic features of your area. In the event that precipitation in your area falls quite often, the minimum slope of the slope for the sandwich panel should be at least 40º, since only with such a slope of the roof will rain moisture not linger in the joints. Well, in areas with a small indicator of average annual precipitation, a slope of about 7–22º is considered optimal.

Note! Before arranging roofs with large slopes, it is necessary to take into account the fact that in this case you need more building material.

On the other hand, with an underestimated value of this indicator, water will accumulate on the roof, which over time can destroy the waterproofing seals of the panel joints. And in the off-season (during the onset of thaws and frosts), ice growths form from the accumulated moisture, which can damage the protective layer of the sandwich panels, as well as their metal shell.

With a small roof slope (less than 7º), there is no need for additional fastening of panels on a frame base made of reinforced concrete, wood or metal. On roof structures with a large angle of inclination, additional fasteners are required.

You may also be interested in these materials of our site:

What is an inverted operated roof

Video

From this video you will learn how to make a roof slope.

The popularity of roofing sandwich panels is due to the simplicity of their installation. In order for the resulting structure to serve for a long time and reliably, it is necessary to carefully follow the recommendations for the transportation and laying of the material.

Determination of the minimum angle of the roof slope

There are the following SNiP recommendations: the roof slope of sandwich panels should not be less than 5 degrees. At the same time, only solid panels should be used for laying: such a surface does not contain joints, windows and other elements that violate its solidity. All other situations provide for a minimum roof slope of sandwich panels of 7 degrees.

When selecting the optimal roof structure and the degree of its inclination, the climate in the given region is taken into account. In areas with frequent and heavy rainfall for a roof made of sandwich panels, a pitched roof slope of at least 40 degrees is recommended. This will allow rainwater to freely descend, without stagnation at the joints. If the region has a dry and hot climate, the minimum slope for sandwich panels can be reduced to 7-25 degrees. At the same time, it must be remembered that the construction of steeper roofs will require a greater consumption of building material.

A flat roof made of sandwich panels will provoke moisture stagnation. In this case, negative consequences for the tightness of the butt sections cannot be avoided. When the thaw gives way to frost, this causes the accumulated water to freeze. Such processes damage the outer protective layer of the panel, and subsequently destroy the metal shell. If a supporting metal, reinforced concrete or wooden structure acts as a base under the roof, additional fasteners will not be needed when arranging a small roof slope from sandwich panels. If the minimum slope of the roofing sandwich panels exceeds the mark of 7 degrees, additional connecting fasteners are used.

Required equipment for installation

During the construction of the roof from sandwich panels, there is a constant need to cut the material to size. It will also need to be fixed and waterproofed seams. To cut the panels, you can use electric shears, a fine-toothed saw, or a stationary machine with a circular saw. It is better not to use a grinder or hot cutting devices, as the panels begin to bend due to heating of the cut line. This leads to a violation of the protective coating, due to which corrosion begins to appear.

When carrying sandwich panels, mechanical or vacuum grippers are usually used, which avoids surface damage. In those areas where the grips are installed on the panel, a special film is pre-glued. Long stainless self-tapping screws are used as fastening material for installing roofing sandwich panels. It is also necessary to have washers and special sealing gaskets. When choosing the optimal length of the screws, they are guided by the thickness of the panel and the frame on which it is fixed. It is more convenient to tighten screws with a screwdriver.

When calculating the required amount of fasteners, the following factors are taken into account:

wind load on the building. This is influenced by its height, location and angle of inclination of the roof of sandwich panels.
Features of the building (open or closed).
Where in the roof structure is the element to be fixed. The outermost panels receive the greatest wind load.
load bearing capacity of each fastener.

Accurate calculations must be performed by a qualified specialist, taking into account the SNiP minimum roof slope from sandwich panels. Joints between panels require special attention: there should be no gaps between them. On roofs with any angle of roofing from sandwich panels, a special tape of the Abris Lb 10x2 type is used for sealing. You can also use silicone sealant. All vertical connections are equipped in the same way.

Characteristics of sandwich panels

On sale are several varieties of material with different sizes, filler and strength index. Depending on their characteristics, the purpose of each type is determined. The inner insulation layer usually consists of expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, polyisocyanurate or mineral wool.

Sandwich panels weigh quite a bit, and can combine topcoat and insulation. The warmest are products with basalt wool. The body made of thin sheet metal is covered with a decorative polymer protection - thanks to this, the plates are given the necessary color design and corrosion protection.

In order not to cause damage to the protective layer during the laying of the material, the following recommendations must be followed:

The use of hot and abrasive cutting is completely excluded.
The protective film on the underside of the panel must remain until it is installed. The top film is removed at the end of the work.
If metal chips appear when cutting the material, they must be brushed off immediately, otherwise they may subsequently scratch the polymer layer.
When carrying out installation work, it is allowed to use shoes with soft soles only.
If sandwich panels are stored outdoors during construction work, it is necessary to consider reliable protection against climatic influences for them. For laying the material, it is recommended to use a flat, dry area.

Features of the installation

SNIP roofing of sandwich panels requires the following conditions:

It is advisable to choose a calm day for installation, since the area of the panels is large, and the weight is small. Weak gusts of wind up to 9m/s are allowed.
Do not operate in rainy, snowy or foggy weather.
In case of poor lighting, the installation process should be stopped.
In order to qualitatively carry out longitudinal compaction, the air temperature must be at least +4 degrees.

Starting to lay the roofing material, you must do the following:

Carefully inspect the roof structure for compliance with its design documentation. If defects and installation defects are found, they must be eliminated.
Check that all girders, crossbars and other structural elements comply with the project. To do this, you must use the building level.
Prepare all fixtures and tools.

Laying order

Installation of sandwich panels is carried out in the transverse direction to the girders, which are parallel to the eaves. To increase the bearing capacity of the roof, the purlin installation step can be reduced. This technique is usually used on roofs with a small slope in areas with heavy snowfalls. In any case, this parameter should not be more than 200 cm.

First, slabs up to 10 m long are laid, since they are much easier to lift onto the roof. In addition, in this case, the risk of deformations due to temperature fluctuations during the operation of the coating is reduced by an order of magnitude. Before the installation of sandwich panels, insulation (mineral wool) and waterproofing are laid. You should also check the horizontalness of the runs and the condition of wooden, metal and reinforced concrete supports. All detected rust, mold and other deposits must be removed.

If there are cracks in the wooden elements, they must be repaired. The same applies to cavities in concrete mortar. Sealing of all joints of frame elements is carried out. For the treatment of wooden surfaces, fire protection is used, for metal surfaces - anti-corrosion agents. It is very important that the pitch of the bearing elements matches the dimensions of the slabs. When choosing the width of the spans, they try to ensure that the material is fastened at a distance of 50 mm from the edge. The joining panels must also be well supported.

If mineral wool is used as thermal insulation inside the sandwich panels, it is necessary to protect breathing with a respirator. When lifting the panels onto the roof, it is forbidden to put them on the lock in order to avoid its curvature. It is best to start laying sandwich panels on the roof from any of the lower corners, adhering to the strict vertical installation.

Sandwich panel roofing is a new word in the arrangement of pitched and flat roofs of various configurations and sizes. The design features of the material allow you to create a sealed coating with ideal qualities. Sandwich technology provides for the installation of ready-made roofing components. It will take up to 50% less time to build roofs using the roofing "pie" technology than for laying other materials. On the technical parameters of the building material, the features of its installation and operation further in the review.

What is a sandwich panel

The sandwich panel is a building material with a three-layer structure. The components of the roofing panel are tightly bonded to each other with a two-component adhesive based on polyurethane. The upper and lower layers of the three-level system are made of thin-sheet galvanized steel with a polymer coating. The thickness of the metal elements of the "pie" is 0.5 or 0.7 mm. Steel sheets are profiled with stiffeners. The middle layer is represented by a heater, which is a basalt mineral wool, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam plate.

Advantages of roofing material:

presentable appearance;
durability;
increased fire resistance;
strength;
resistance to deformation;
light weight;
ease of installation work;
resistance to aggressive environments and other negative external influences.

Characteristics and dimensions

The roof made of sandwich panels is characterized by good sound insulation, excellent thermal insulation properties and water resistance. Sandwich type roofing does not allow cold air to pass through from the outside and retains warm air inside the premises.

The linear parameters of a standard plate are:

width - 1000 mm;
length - from 2500 to 16000 mm;
product thickness - from 50 to 250 mm.

The main characteristics of the roofing material are thermal conductivity, load-bearing capacity, fire resistance, sound insulation and weight. The key influence on the technical parameters of the product is provided by the type of insulation and the thickness of the panel.

The guideline for choosing the thickness of the panel is the thermal insulation index. The greater the thickness of the slab, the more thermal air will be retained in the middle of the building.

Indicators of sandwich panels with mineral wool insulation:

sound insulation - from 30 to 43 dB;
thermal conductivity - 0.05 W / Mk;
fire resistance limit - EI 30 to EI 180;
combustibility group - NG;
density - from 120 to 140 kg / m 3;
specific gravity - from 17.5 to 43.5 kg / m 2.

Characteristics of roofing slabs with polystyrene insulation:

sound insulation - from 25 to 39 dB;
thermal conductivity - 0.042 W / Mk;
fire resistance limit - EI 15;
combustibility group - G1;
density - 25 kg / m 3;
specific gravity - from 12.2 to 17.2 kg / m 2.

Characteristics of sandwich panels with polyurethane foam insulation:

sound insulation - from 30 to 35 dB;
thermal conductivity - 0.022 W / Mk;
fire resistance limit - EI 15;
combustibility group - G4;
density - 41 kg / m 3;
specific gravity - from 9.2 to 15.5 kg / m 2.

Three-level roofing systems have the ability to withstand heavy loads without compromising the quality of the material. The maximum wind load reaches 48 kgf / m 2, the coating can withstand up to 150 kg of snow per 1 m 2. The service life of sandwich panels reaches 30 years.

Preparing for installation

High-quality installation of sandwich panels on the roof is impossible without preliminary preparation of the process. The first step is to familiarize yourself with the design and installation documentation. The project defines the size and type of sandwich panels, the number of plates, the technological map of layout and fastening methods nodes, quantity of waterproofing materials.

Before starting installation work, you should check the position of the crossbars, rafters and girders, eliminate possible drops, check the angle of inclination of the ramp. At the preparatory stage, the necessary tools and related materials are prepared.

Necessary tools and materials

For trimming plates, fastening materials and sealing butt joints during installation work, the following material and technical equipment will be required:

electric scissors;
stationary circular saw;
fine-toothed file;
screwdriver or electric drill;
building level;
long carbon steel or stainless steel roofing screws complete with sealing washers;
short self-tapping screws for fixing additional elements.

The length of the screws for fixing the sheets is selected based on the material of the supporting structure and the thickness of the panel itself. For fastening the flooring from sandwich panels, as a rule, self-tapping screws 12.5 mm long are used.

In addition to the three-layer slabs themselves, the roof device will require additional elements and forming parts:

eaves plank;
end strips and plugs;
ridge bar.
valleys.

Lathing for sandwich panels

For the construction of a frame for a sandwich panel, various materials can be used:

wood;
metal;
reinforced concrete.

The advantages of a wooden support system are affordable price, environmental friendliness of the material, low thermal conductivity and ease of assembly. The disadvantages of a wooden base include the need for additional processing of the material from ignition and damage by fungus and insects.

Reinforced concrete supporting structures are characterized by long service life, high strength, rust resistance and low thermal conductivity. A significant disadvantage of reinforced concrete battens is their heavy weight.

The metal crate is a quickly erected, durable and reliable structure that is resistant to deformation. The negative qualities of a metal support are high thermal conductivity, the need for anti-corrosion treatment, and a considerable cost.

The frame design is designed taking into account the geometric parameters of the sandwich panels. The distance between the girders of the crate should ensure that the plates are fixed 5 cm from the edge, the supports should coincide with the place where the panels are joined.

Mounting technology

The lifting of sandwich panels to the roof is carried out using special equipment. To avoid damage to the material, the lifting mechanism must be equipped with lifting devices in the form of vacuum suction cups or soft grippers.

Before starting work, the protective film is removed from the bottom surface of the plates. Roof blocks are mounted in rows in the direction from the roof overhang to the ridge. The panels are fixed to the frame with roofing screws. The fasteners are screwed in strictly perpendicular to the sheet, screwed in without excessive force so as not to damage the gasket.

The installation of a roof made of sandwich panels starts from the corner of the bottom row, which in turn forms a cornice overhang. The subsequent elements are mounted with an overlap, fixing them to the already laid blocks and to the crate.

The end parts of the sandwich panel are equipped with Z-Lock type locks. Sheets are fixed in the longitudinal direction by means of interlocks. It is important to ensure that the crests of the locks fit snugly into the depressions of subsequent slabs. For reliable sealing of joints, butyl rubber or silicone sealant is applied to the lock grooves.

After laying the roofing slabs, proceed to the installation of the roof ridge. Sequencing:

Installation of the inner bar of the skate.
Filling the gaps between the plates with mounting foam.
Installation of a profile polyurethane gasket.
Filling joints with mineral wool or other insulation.
Fixation on the crest of the ridge bar.
Installation of a polyurethane gasket with a self-adhesive base on the top of the ridge.
Mounting the ridge rail with short self-tapping screws.

Minimum roof pitch

In the presence of transverse joints, window hatches and other details that violate the solidity of the coating, the minimum slope of the roof from sandwich panels is at least 7 0 . In cases where a single sheet fills the entire span along the length, the slope may be reduced to 5 0.

At the design stage of the roof, the slope of the slope is selected based on the climatic characteristics of the region. For dry and hot areas, the roof slope can be from 5 to 25 0. In areas that are characterized by frequent rains, the roofing sheet is laid at an angle of at least 40 0.

When laying the roofing sheet on slopes with a slope of more than 15 0, it is mandatory to mount additional supports that prevent the sandwich panels from sliding down.

Installation with transverse joints

The technology for arranging transverse joints includes the following steps - at the panel of the next row, a part of the lower skin and insulation are cut off, equal to the amount of overlap. The amount of overlap is determined based on the slope of the slope, for roofs with a slope of 5 to 10 0 - 30 cm, with a slope of 10 to 20 0 - 20 cm. Sealant is applied to the lower plane of the obtained protruding part of the outer skin, the panel is attached to the frame and fastened with stacked sheet of the bottom row. The junction of the plates of the lower and upper rows should fall on the run of the frame. The gap between the sandwich panels must be completely filled with sealants, in order to avoid leakage.

Installation errors and their consequences

The main mistakes in the installation of sandwich roofing:

inaccuracies in project documentation;
uneven frame;
cutting panels with a grinder;
wrong choice of screws;
overtightening or under-twisting of fasteners;
neglect of seals;
improper connection and seam connections.

As a result of mistakes made at the stage of installation work, leaks of the roofing are formed. Violation of technology is fraught with a decrease in the wind resistance of the flooring and other technical parameters of the material declared by the manufacturer.

Rules of operation and repair

The operation of a flat roof made of sandwich panels does not require much effort. Operational measures are reduced to the timely roof from debris. Once every six months, it is necessary to inspect the technical condition of the coating. If defects are detected, repair and restoration work should be carried out as soon as possible.

The most common defect is damage to the polymer shell on the outer skin. Special enamels are used for the repair of roofs made of sandwich panels. The paint and varnish material for restoration work is selected taking into account the type of protective coating, the color and shade of the roofing slabs.

Depressurization of butt joints is a defect that can not only lead to leaks, but also the destruction of the insulation. Opened seams must be sealed with sealant.

Overview of modern manufacturers

There is a wide range of sandwich panel manufacturers on the roofing materials market. Leading positions in the indicated segment are occupied by:

Promkpanel company specializes in the production of sandwich panels for roofs based on mineral wool and expanded polystyrene, as well as shaped elements. The advantages of a domestic manufacturer are high quality products and an affordable price per m 2 of roofing;
Petropanel supplies the domestic market with sandwich panels with mineral wool insulation. The production of three-component roofing slabs is carried out on the equipment of the English company "ISOWALL";
Kraft SPAN produces high-quality roofing panels with high fire resistance, tightness and strength. Basalt mineral wool is used as an insulating layer. The production base of the company is equipped with equipment from the Australian company "Hilleng";
Isobud company - the company's products have been on the building materials market since 1998 and are widely known both in Russia and abroad. Roofing materials undergo strict control for compliance with international standards and sanitary and hygienic standards. The manufacturer supplies the market with sandwich panels for roofing with mineral wool and polyisocyanurate foam insulation;
company "Vesta Park" - the company has repeatedly been nominated at various competitions in the field of building materials. The advantages of products from Vesta Park are high quality that meets international standards, a wide selection of colors for sandwich panels, and a loyal pricing policy.

Sandwich panels are widely used in the arrangement of roofs of industrial and agricultural buildings, shopping facilities, and sports facilities. Properly designed and properly installed decking from three-layer systems will serve as a reliable shelter for many years.