For many owners of suburban real estate topical issue manufacturing technology remains paving slabs with your own hands.

Indeed, if you acquire certain skills in working with paving stones, then the backyard territory can be transformed beyond recognition, make a hard surface in the yard or mount garden paths.

Manufacturing methods

In practice, two main methods are used. To begin with, let's get acquainted with the nuances of obtaining the material in question by vibrocasting. This method is characterized by comparative cheapness and the possibility of obtaining high-quality building materials even by inexperienced workers.

The production technology of the material is as follows. The prepared working solution is poured into molds greased with processing. Then they are installed on a vibropress and compacted until air bubbles come out. Next, the raw material is placed on special racks for drying. After about two days, tiles are knocked out of the molds and reused.

The paving stone made by vibrocompression differs from the analogue in improved resistance to mechanical stress and high strength. Such materials are intended for laying coatings in critical places, for example, in car parks.

Note: with your own hands, you can only make vibrocast paving stones, which can be used for the device garden paths. Homemade Materials cannot be used for a long time as a coating in places of movement or parking of vehicles.

The technology for producing vibropressed tiles is somewhat reminiscent of the production of tiles using the vibrocasting method. Ready solution passes through a special press, so the products have improved strength indicators. At the final stage of the work, the material is dried in special steaming chambers.

Which is better

According to most consumers, approximately 80% of total respondents best performance have materials that were obtained in the factory by vibrocompression.

Such products are slightly more expensive, by about 20%, but they are much more durable.. The concrete mixture has a denser structure, it contains fewer pores, which improves the frost resistance and abrasion resistance of the surface.

It's important to know: pressed paving stones, which is present in construction stores, limited in shapes and shades, cast tiles, on the contrary, have a wide variety of shapes and colors.

The maximum destructive effects occur with the coating in winter time year, when water enters the concrete, it expands and destroys its structure. The surface of materials made by vibrocasting can be protected by introducing special water-repellent substances into the base composition, but such elements will not make it eternal, but will only increase its service life.

Special tools

To obtain the materials in question, the following tool is required:

• Concrete mixer of a certain volume.
• Factory, or do-it-yourself vibrating table.
• Rack for laying forms of paving slabs (used as a dryer). In this place, the drying of raw materials will take place. The initial process takes two or three days, then the paving stones are knocked out of the mold and laid to dry for another month.

Good to know: a similar unit is used to remove air bubbles from concrete mix during compaction.

• Warm water tanks. In them, the products are removed from the formwork;
• Matrices or forms. They can be made from improvised materials or ordered on the pages of online stores.

Form types

One of the most popular forms for paving stones is silicone. These products are used to create complex shapes. Such formwork allows you to get a pattern with a different textured surface.

The disadvantage of the product is limited use (no more than 50 cycles). In the future, the form loses its original geometric dimensions.

The next variety, plastic formwork, is used to obtain simple products. The main advantages of such structures are considered to be high rates of durability and strength. Such products can withstand up to 800 cycles of filling and solidification of the working mixture.

Forms based on polyurethane are somewhat similar to silicone formwork, but they are more expensive and have a long service life (up to 100 cycles).

Many private developers are interested in the question of how to make a form for paving stones on their own. The most popular option is considered to be wooden formwork, made from pieces of plywood or thin boards.

Take note: are taken into account when making the form. inner dimensions, which will correspond to the dimensions of the finished product.

Such forms are made in the form of a square or rectangle, as well as a hexagon. Metal corners are fixed at the joining points of adjacent elements.

Solution preparation

The following components should be present in the basic composition of the mortar for paving stones:

• 21% binder (cement 500);
• 55% of sand purified from large impurities;
• 24% granotsev;
• 0.7% plasticizer (you can take grade C-3);
• 7% pigment dye
• reinforcing fiber 0.05%;
• 5.5% water.

To obtain a high-quality mixture, it is necessary to mix all these raw materials in a concrete mixer. First you need to dissolve the plasticizer with a small amount of warm water and pour it into the mixer. The rotation of the drum of the unit occurs until the plasticizer is completely dissolved in the liquid.

The pigment dye is also mixed with water heated to 80 degrees until completely dissolved, these components of the mixture are taken in a ratio of 1 to 3. After pouring required amount sand and crushed stone are alternately added to the concrete mixer, then the binder (cement). For effective mixing, water is periodically added to the composition of the raw components. The last time this is done at the end of the batch.

Step-by-step description of the process at home

First you need to properly prepare the forms. For this they inner surface smeared with mining or other type of lubricant.

At the stage of formation, it is necessary to pour the prepared solution into molds. If there is a need to produce a material with a colored surface, then 75% of the formwork is poured with ordinary gray concrete, the remaining 25% is colored. In this case, the decorative part of the product should be at the bottom.

Forms filled to the top with a solution are gently shaken and placed on a vibrating table for about 5 minutes. Products are taken from the table after the appearance of a white film on the surface. Whiteness usually indicates the release of air bubbles from the concrete. In the manufacture of two-color paving stones, each layer is compacted separately.

Expert advice: with abundant application of oil, small depressions may form on the surface of the tile, but if there is not enough lubrication, then it will be problematic to pull the paving stones out of the mold.

The next stage of work, drying, involves laying products on racks for a period up to three days. The drying room should be equipped exhaust ventilation. In addition to the storage warehouse finished products must not penetrate Sun rays. To reduce the intensity of evaporation of moisture from the surface of the material, the form with concrete is covered with a transparent polyethylene film.

The final stage is the removal of the tile from the mold. This process is carried out in a special container with water heated to 60 degrees. Under the influence of heat, the mold expands, as a result of which the tile is removed without any problems. The product is knocked out on a soft bedding and placed to dry for another month (for final hardening).

Manufacturing cost calculation

A price calculation is necessary if this material is to be used for resale, and also to determine the savings between handmade paving stones and factory products.

The main money will have to be paid for the raw components of the concrete mix and formwork. Here are some examples:

• 50 kg bag of Portland cement brand 500 - 400 rubles;
• Crushed stone of fine fraction - 1750 rubles per m3;
• Sand cleaned of harmful impurities - 600 rubles per m3;
• Pigment dye - about 5000 rubles per 25 kilogram bag;
• Plasticizer grade C-3 up to 80 rubles per liter;
• Lubrication within 100 rubles. per liter;
• The cost of forms depends on the dimensions and material of manufacture, ranging from 30 to 1500 rubles.

The price of an ordinary tile with a smooth surface starts at 200 rubles / m2, textured tiles are even more expensive - about 450 rubles / m2. If you carefully calculate all the costs, then home-made paving stones will cost 10-30% cheaper than factory products. .

How to make colored paving slabs

There are several ways to make colored paving stones at home. Let's describe the most popular of them:

1. Addition of pigment dye to the base composition of the mixture. After mixing the raw materials, concrete of the desired color can be obtained.
2. The second option for coloring tiles is to apply color to the inner surface of the mold. The acquisition of the selected color by the material occurs after direct contact of the concrete mixture with the pigment dye.
3. Coloring of finished materials is carried out using an airbrush.

Keep in mind: when mixing several colors, a more interesting texture of the products is obtained.

As we can see, the process of making paving slabs at home is quite simple. If you get acquainted with the production technology and have at least a little desire, you can make a hard surface in the courtyard of a private house and even make money selling paving stones.

For detailed instructions for making paving slabs with your own hands, see the following video:

Lubricant for paving slab molds ArmMix Gruntform

Concentrated mold release agent

Product description

ArmMix Gruntform - lubricant concentrate (1 to 9 - 1 to 19) for polyurethane, rubber and polypropylene forms, anti-adhesive, on water based, is used in the production of paving and facing tiles, curbstones and other vibrocast and vibropressed products.

Product packaging

Canisters 1, 10 liters
Barrels 200 liters

Payment Methods

Prepayment
Cashless payments

Delivery methods

Pickup
Moscow and region
All around Russia

*The retail price is inclusive of VAT and packaging. Discounts are valid for the purchase of 100 liters of products and for regular customers.

Concentrated lubricant formulation for polyurethane and rubber molds, is used in the production of paving and facing tiles, curbstones and other vibrocast and vibropressed products. One-component composition, diluted with water in a ratio of 1:9 - 1:19. Solvent free, no irritating odor. Does not render harmful effects on the human body and the environment.

Application and properties

As an anti-adhesive coating for polyurethane and polypropylene molds for vibrocasting and vibrocompression of paving slabs and others decorative items. It is effective both for molding products without heating, and with the use of heat and moisture treatment (HMW), electrical heating, convective (hot air) and other types of heat treatment of concrete up to +90°С

Advantages and qualities

1. It is supplied in concentrated form - from 1 liter of concentrate, from 10 to 20 liters of finished lubricant is obtained.
2. Does not leave marks, does not change the color and texture of the surface.
3. Excludes mechanical and chemical cleaning of forms, increases their durability and quality of products.
4. The operation of washing forms with hydrochloric acid is completely excluded.
5. Easy to use - the anti-adhesive properties of the surface of the molds are provided with a wet or already dried layer of lubricant.
6. Does not cause corrosion.

Before the first application of the composition, clean the surface with White Spirit composition. Mix (shake) the ArmMix Gruntform lubricant concentrate in the original packaging before use. Dilute with water in a ratio of 1 to 10 to 1 to 19. Using a brush, roller, spray or watering, apply a thin layer of lubricant to the surface of a cold (from + 5C) or hot mold (up to + 90C) in one pass without gaps.

Safety requirements:

The grease is fireproof. The composition has a slightly alkaline reaction - pH=8-9. Work in overalls, goggles and rubber gloves. If the lubricant gets on the skin, eyes or mucous membranes, rinse them with plenty of warm water.

Approximate consumption of finished lubricant

Additional product information

Package

polyethylene canisters 1 l, 10 l, barrels 200 l.

Transportation and storage

The packaged lubricant concentrate is transported by road, rail and other modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the transportation and securing of goods in force for this type of transport. The packaged grease is stored indoors at a temperature not lower than +5°C under conditions that ensure the safety of the packaging. Manufacturer's warranties: Guaranteed shelf life of the grease is 12 months from the date of manufacture. Do not freeze. Contains suspension, sediment is allowed.

Lubrication cost

Any garden or garden needs beauty and care. by the most the best choice, at the same time, there will be laying tiles on the tracks. It will help to ennoble the look of the cottage, creating an atmosphere of prosperity and accuracy. Tiles can be purchased at the store or created independently. All that is needed to complete the last point is a little skill, the presence necessary materials and the right lubricant. Lubrication is necessary to create the shape of paving slabs. It can be self-made or specialized. The choice of how to lubricate, often depends on the level of production, as well as the structure of the formwork.

Varieties of forms of paving slabs

Tiles are small pieces of concrete that have different shape and placed on the track.

There are several types of structures:

1. In the shape of a rectangle.
2. Arbitrary.
3. Universal.
4. In the form of a model.
5. Castle.
6. Ecological.

Among other things, tiles are cast and made under pressure. The second option assumes special devices as well as skills and abilities. Doing it yourself is a rather difficult and time-consuming process. Much easier to make cast tiles. It only takes a little patience, application of strength and skill.

Pouring materials: plastic, concrete

There are types of tiles according to the content of materials in them:

1. From cement and sand.
2. From baked clay.
3. From rubber.
4. From plastic.
5. From granite.

Cement tile has a number of positive properties: it is durable, does not fade even after a long service life, and does not allow moisture to pass through.

Clay paving stones are distinguished by a variety of shades, as well as anti-slip properties.

The rubber pieces are made from polyurethane, a material widely used in shoe soles. This tile is characterized by softness and slight surface roughness.

Lubricant for paving slab forms does not play last role in the production of tiles. Of course, concrete mortar, dyes, plasticizers and right technology directly determine the quality of future tiled products. Good lubrication promotes easy removal of products from molds and preservation (or even improvement) of their appearance. Moreover, it prevents the appearance of pores on front side paving slabs and paving stones.

For quality styling tiles, it is necessary to carefully prepare the molds for its manufacture.

Before pouring concrete into molds, they must be thoroughly cleaned and lubricated. By the way, they are made from various materials and there are metal, plastic, polyurethane, wooden (formwork).

High-quality lubricant does not affect the shape, does not change the color of the cast tile and does not act on it in a destructive way.

Its choice is quite diverse: all kinds of emulsions, powder and soap solutions, concentrates mineral oils and etc.

Variety of mold release agents

For small volume production tile coverings you can contact the nearest service station and for a symbolic price or purchase lubricant for free. For large volumes of tiles and pavers, special domestic and foreign lubricants are used. We list the most popular and frequently used in the manufacture of paving slabs and paving stones:

At home, you can make a lubricant based on engine oil.

1. KSF-1. It is produced in the form of a homogeneous paste, is characterized by low consumption, ease of application, provides a smooth, smooth surface and does not leave stains on it. The lubricant is non-toxic, dissolves well in cold and warm water. It is used in the form of emulsol - 9-10% aqueous solution. You can lubricate the forms with any improvised means. Used for plastic metal molds and formwork.
2. Kristal, based on light mineral oils, is an environmentally friendly product, has excellent anti-corrosion properties, is used for metal and wooden forms. Apply with a brush or sprayer.
3. Nometal also protects metal molds from corrosion, cracks and pores.
4. Agate, used for all forms, a very economical lubricant that allows 1 liter to process 35 square meters. m. surface, has many positive reviews.
5. Tiprom 90 silicone-based anti-adhesion concentrate with water-repellent properties is usually used for the production of large plates in metal and polymer forms. Doesn't respond to temperature.
6. Emulsol, made on a mineral basis, is often used in construction to lubricate formwork. Consists of biodegradable substances. It is applied by sponge or spray, is quite affordable and is very suitable for the manufacture of paving slabs, without requiring subsequent grouting or finishing.

Many lubricants are available as concentrates. Concentrates differ in that more of the finished product can be obtained from them. To do this, they are added to water and stirred for 5 minutes.

How lubricant is applied and is it possible to save on it

For easy extraction of paving stones, the form must be lubricated.

Lubricant applied thin layer into each mold with a brush or spray, depending on the selected lubricant. Before applying, as already mentioned, you need to carefully clean the molds from debris and dirt. Lubricate them immediately before pouring concrete. No special clothing is required to apply the lubricant. It is enough to wear gloves that protect your hands from contamination. If the spray method is chosen, it is best to wear a respirator.

When applying with a brush, care must be taken to ensure that all corners are processed and the bristles do not remain in shape. Any little thing can spoil the appearance of the tile.

It should be noted that lubrication not only improves the process of extracting tiles, but also significantly extends the life of the forms, reducing the load on them.

And now we give a recipe for a simple and cheap do-it-yourself lubricant. We take 50 g of engine oil and dilute it in 1.5 liters of water. We shake. It takes a long time to do this. We test on the product. You can experiment with proportions. An oily lubricant can create sinks in the tile or oil stains on the surface, and a weak lubricant will impair the extraction process.

Some tilers use to rinse molds brine. Hydrochloric acid is diluted with water, and forms are lowered into a 7-10% solution. Then they don't smudge.

Some people use soapy water. It is prepared from ordinary soap or dishwashing liquid. Naturally, the savings are obvious, and slipping tiles out of the molds will also please, but they remain very dirty after it.

Summing up, we once again designate the three main functions of a release agent:

• facilitating the removal of products:
• reduction of labor costs for cleaning molds and formwork;
• preservation of the quality of products, their appearance due to the fact that the concrete does not stick to the form and the tiles do not have to be “teared off”.

By saving on lubrication, you can lose much more on culling. Even when producing tiles for their own use, everyone wants them to be beautiful, strong and durable.

Before the concrete mortar is poured into the mold for the manufacture of paving slabs, it must be properly lubricated. When wondering how you can lubricate the form for paving slabs, it should be noted that there are plenty of options:

• concentrates based on petroleum oils;
• emulsions;
• powder and soap solutions;
• other lubricants.

The main condition is that the lubricant should not affect the final product in any way: neither on the shape, nor on the color, and even more so not on specifications products. It is also very important that the lubricant allows the paving slab to be easily removed from the mold.

Types of lubricants for molds for paving slabs

One of the most common lubricants in the production of tiles is KSF-1. Its main advantages are low consumption, ease of use and low cost. For metal forms, it is better to use the Nometal fairy tale, which can protect the metal from corrosive processes and from cracking.

An anti-adhesive concentrate can also act as a lubricant for paving slabs. Its use is justified for metal and polymer blanks. This substance has water-repellent properties and does not react to temperature.

The concentrate is good because it can be diluted with water at any time. You do not need special skills and abilities for this, just mix the solution for 5 minutes. When applying the lubricant, no special clothing is required.

If you want to not only freely remove the tiles from the molds, but omit the washing procedure, then you should use a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid. There is a method that completely eliminates the use of lubricants by taking a simple antistatic agent. However, he is not that good.