Until recently, tiles were the best roofing materials for low-rise buildings. Its disadvantage, however, is that it is heavy and requires reinforced rafters, and it is also very difficult to lay it without sufficient qualifications.

Clay and cement-sand tiles are used for tiled roofing. The slope of the slopes of such a roof is determined, first of all, by the climatic conditions of the zone and the type of tile. So, if the roof is made of grooved and flat tiles, the slope is taken to be at least 50%.

The basis for a roof made of grooved tiles is a sheathing of well-hewn poles or bars with a cross-section of 40×50 or 50×50 mm, nailed to the rafters parallel to the ridge at equal distances from one another. This distance between the upper edges of the bars should be equal to the useful (covering) part of the tile.

The material begins to be laid from the roof overhang towards the ridge, with the upper corners overlapping the lower ones and with the longitudinal joints shifting by half the width of the tiles. It is secured to the sheathing bars with protrusions (spikes) located on the underside of the tiles. Ordinary tiles are joined together in a rebate. To tightly connect the groove tiles and increase the water resistance of the roof, horizontal joints are coated from the attic side with lime mortar mixed with fibrous substances. If the angle of inclination of the slope is more than 35°, separate slabs after 8-10 pieces per checkerboard pattern tied to the sheathing with stove wire, threaded through a special eyelet in the tenon and twisted around a nail nailed to the sheathing bar. The ridge is covered with special ridge tiles, which are laid on a cement-lime mortar so that its edges cover the row tiles adjacent to the ridge by at least 40-60 cm. From the attic side, the ridge tiles are tied alternately with stove wire to nails driven into the rafters or lathing.

On the edges of the roof, row tiles are cut off along the line where the slopes join, and the gap between the rows is coated with cement-lime mortar before laying the ridge tiles. The valleys are covered with roofing steel, laid on a continuous formwork made of boards. It replaces the lathing and forms, as it were, a trough.

Where chimneys pass through the roof, the sheathing is sawed through so that the outer surface of the pipes is separated from the combustible elements of the roof by air layers. The ends of the sheathing are secured with transverse strips. Block strip tiles are laid over a sheathing of bars or poles in two layers, and when installing roofs of sheds and sheds - in one layer. The tile is fastened by hooking its tenon onto the sheathing block, or nailed to the block. The grooves are covered without the use of roofing steel. Tile roofs are fire-resistant, durable, and are inexpensive to operate.

They go well with simple planes of light-colored walls, give the entire house an elegant look, and stand out against the background of vegetation at any time of the year.

The main disadvantage of tiled roofs is their large mass and the complexity of the work associated with the use of such a small element as tiles.

The basis for tiled roofs is a sheathing of bars, laid in accordance with the size and shape of the tiles.

The correctness of laying the sheathing is checked with a special template cut from a board to the size of the tile (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Template (bracket) for checking the correct installation of sheathing under a tiled roof

Each row of tiles overlaps the one below. In this regard, the first bottom (eaves) bar of the sheathing, on which the lower ends of the tiles of the first row rest, should be 20-30 mm thicker than the other bars.

Ridge and rib bars are nailed along the ridges and edges of the roof and grooved ridge tiles are attached to them.

Tiled roofs are made with a slope of 30-60°.

Materials

Based on the type of raw material, tiles are divided into clay (fired), cement-sand and silicate (non-fired). Typically, tiles are produced in two types: ordinary and ridge.

According to the production method, tiles are divided into stamped and strip, and according to shape - into grooved and flat.

Stamped groove tiles (Fig. 2, a) have longitudinal and transverse edges that ensure a tight, water-tight, impermeable mating of the tiles.

The grooved strip tiles (Fig. 2, b) have only longitudinal edges.

Strip flat tiles (Fig. 3, c) do not have covers at all and therefore form the least dense joints. One end of such tiles can be rounded, rectangular or polygonal.

Ridge tiles (Fig. 3, d) of a grooved shape are used to cover the ridges and ribs of the roof.

On the underside, clay tiles have spikes for attaching them to the sheathing.

Clay tiles are subject to requirements regarding the correct shape, smoothness of the surface and evenness of the edges; there should be no cracks or warping.

Deviations are allowed within the following limits: curvature of the surface and ribs - no more than 4 mm, broken or crushed spikes - no more than 1/3 of their height. When lightly struck with a hammer, the tiles should produce a clear, non-rattled sound.

Rice. 2. Clay roofing tiles: a - stamped groove tiles; b - grooved tape; c - flat tape; g - ridge

The smallest permissible groove depth is 5 mm, the smallest tenon height for grooved stamped tiles is 10 mm, and for strip tiles (grooved and flat) - 20 mm.

To be tied to the sheathing, the grooved stamped tiles must have an eyelet with a hole on the back side. For this purpose, a hole is made in the strip tiles in a tenon with a diameter of at least 1.5 mm.

The thickness of clay tiles is 10-12 mm.

IN recent years found in rural construction wide application cement-sand tiles due to the simplicity of their manufacture, which is easily mastered even by unskilled workers. One part cement and two to four parts sand are mixed with a small amount of water. From the resulting material, tiles are molded on machines.

Cement-sand tiles usually have the same dimensions as clay tiles and are most often shaped in the form of a groove tile with one or two side flaps or in the form of smooth slabs.

Silicate tiles are made from lime, sand and water and are shaped into groove tiles with two side flaps and two tongues. Ordinary tiles have dimensions of 395 X 235 mm. Its covering dimensions are 327 mm in length and 204 mm in width. The length of the ridge tiles is 395 mm and the width is 206 mm. Covering length 360 mm.

The quality requirements for cement-sand and silicate tiles are the same as for clay tiles.

Work execution

The tiles are sorted and rejected first. Longitudinal halves are made from rejected tiles, which are laid at the beginning and end of the rows.

For the convenience of delivering tiles to the work site and laying them on the roof, metal frames or wooden pallets are used (Fig. 12). On the roof they are placed on a special portable platform placed on the sheathing.

Rice. 3. Metal frames(a) and wooden pallets (b) for transporting tiles

The following tools, devices and equipment are used for installation of tiled roofs: – a hammer for driving nails; hammer-pick for chipping tiles; trowel for applying mortar and sealing seams; – pliers for breaking off the edges of tiles; – hand saws (fine-toothed) for cutting flashing lines on tiles before breaking; – a rasp for trimming cut edges of tiles, grooves and ridges; – a wooden spatula for sealing seams; – a wooden square and a lath (2 m long) to check the correct laying of the tile rows; – a wooden template for precise laying of the sheathing bars; cord with weight; – a spatula for mixing the solution; bucket with a capacity of 8 l; – a consumable tank for the solution with a capacity of 6-8 liters and a tank for soaking the tiles before chipping; – box for preparing the solution; folding meter; – walking bridges 4-5 m long ladder 5 w long; tile frames; stacker bench; rope 25 m long.

The work of laying tiles on the roof is carried out by a team of two roofers (a layer and a helper). The roofer lays the tiles in 3-4 rows at once. The helper, standing at a platform with frames 1.5-2 m from the stacker, hands him the tiles.

The first two rows of tiles are laid from the attic or scaffolding, and all subsequent rows are laid from a bench moved along the sheathing. Laying is carried out from the bottom up from the gable overhang or the edge of the hip slope to the ridge.

The tiles of the lower (first) row are laid on two sheathing bars and hooked onto the edge of the upper bar. The tiles of the next (second) row should engage with their spikes on the upper edge of the tiles of the first row. The third and all subsequent rows are laid in the same way as the first.

All shingles located along the eaves and gable overhangs, are additionally secured to the sheathing bars with wire or clamps, regardless of the roof slope. It is recommended to fasten the tiles of the remaining rows on the slopes through one row. If the roof slope is more than 45°, then they should be fixed in all rows. You can also do the fastening in a checkerboard pattern, i.e. tie the tiles through one in all rows.

The ridge and ribs of the roof are covered with ridge (grooved) tiles laid on cement mortar. The ridge tiles are laid so that the seam rim of the second tile fits into the groove of the first, etc. All cracks in the tile roof are coated: from the attic side with Clay, lime or cement mortar with the addition of wool, hemp, etc.

Rice. 4. Roofing from flat strip tiles

A two-layer (Fig. 4, a) or scaly covering is made from flat strip tiles. The overlying rows should overlap the underlying ones. At the same time, in each row located above, the tiles are laid in a bandage, i.e., all odd rows begin with whole tiles, and even rows begin and end with halves. On the gable side, the outer rows of tiles are secured with a wind board.

To ensure uniform loading of the rafters, it is recommended to lay the tiles simultaneously on both slopes.

After laying the shingles on the main slopes, the hip slopes and ribs are covered.

Flat tiles are hooked with a spike onto a sheathing block and secured to the latter with nails or clamps; nails are driven into the holes in the top of the tiles.

The tiles are fastened in pairs with clamps. The adhesive is placed after the tile is hooked with a spike onto the back edge of the block. The right horizontal bend of the clamp should cover the tiles laid in a row. The adjacent tile is brought under the left bend. From above, both bends are covered with tiles from the row laid above (Fig. 4, c). The bent ends of the clamps are nailed from the attic side to the sheathing bars.

A type of two-layer coating is flake (Fig. 4). With a scaly covering, the tiles are laid in double rows (in two layers).

The procedure for laying stamped and grooved strip tiles is the same as for flat ones. The only difference is in the fastening: it is made with wire, which is passed through a hole in the tile tenon and tied to a nail driven into the sheathing from below.

When laying grooved tiles, you must ensure that the longitudinal and transverse edges in the tiles tightly overlap with adjacent tiles.

The installation of roofs made of cement-sand tiles is almost no different from the installation of roofs made of clay tiles.

The tiles are laid along the sheathing of bars, also from the bottom up (from the eaves to the ridge of the roof). They fasten it by nailing it with two 40-50 mm nails through the holes in the tiles or by tying it with a wire passed through the holes in the upper part of the tiles to a nail driven into the lathing on its lower side.

The tiles are laid closed, with one tile overlapping the other by 50-60 mm. The seams are coated with lime or clay mortar with fibrous filler (tow, tow, crumpled straw, etc.).

Roofs made of cement-sand tiles are fire-resistant, water- and frost-resistant and are easy to install and repair. However, compared to clay, cement-sand tiles are more fragile and require especially careful handling during transportation and installation.

IN winter period Work on covering roofs with tiles can be carried out subject to a number of rules. The base of the roof (lathing or formwork), as well as tiles (all types), must be thoroughly cleared of snow and ice before starting work. The tiles must be soaked in a heated room before cutting.

All types of tiles are laid dry. Coating the seams with mortar (including from the attic side) is done in the spring.

The following requirements apply to tiled roofs.

The tiles must be laid in regular rows, parallel to the overhang or ridge, fit tightly to the sheathing, and have no gaps, edges, cracks or warping.

Ridge and ridge tiles must be well fitted, tightly laid on the mortar and tied with wire. The joints of the ridges and ribs, as well as the junctions of the row covering, must be made especially carefully, with the trimming and fitting of converging tiles.

Gutters and wall gutters must be made of galvanized roofing steel with at least 150 mm of roofing tiles covering the edges.

Horizontal seams should be coated on the attic side with lime-cement mortar mixed with fibrous additives.

- Tiled roofs

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Ceramic tiles in our country are quite rare on residential buildings, because only very wealthy compatriots can afford such a roof, and most ordinary developers uses cheaper metal or soft coverings. In the West the situation is different. Most of the houses there are piece coatings, and cheap sheet ones are found for the most part only on various irresponsible extensions.

Modern technologies and production equipment enable companies to reduce production costs and, accordingly, reduce selling prices. Such trends have a beneficial effect on the market, it is reviving, and interest in ceramic tiles is growing noticeably.

Ceramic tiles are made from clay; mineral dyes can be added to the composition to change the color at the formation stage. In order to increase performance characteristics surfaces can be additionally coated with protective and decorative finishing coatings. This manufacturing technology gives the coating undeniable advantages over other types of roofing materials.

1. Duration of operation. In terms of this parameter, tiles occupy one of the first places; buildings with ceramic tile coverings have been in use for hundreds of years.

   

2. Safety. This means not only the release of harmful chemical compounds, but also resistance to open fire. The material does not burn and does not emit toxic gases into the air.

   

3. Designer qualities. Such coatings have always been, and will continue to be, considered the most fashionable and prestigious. Ceramic tiles decorate the appearance of all buildings, making it exclusive and noble.

   

   

Now we need to stop at negative aspects, but talk about them as objectively as possible. What are the disadvantages of ceramic tiles?

High cost. Indeed, the price per square meter of ceramic tiles can reach 3,000 rubles/m2, but it starts at 800 rubles/m2. This means that developers have the opportunity to select products for themselves optimal values cost. It is considered much cheaper, but it is not. The price of this material ranges from 500–800 rubles/m2, that is, it is quite comparable to cheap types of ceramic.

But that's not all. It is necessary to take into account not only the price of the roofing, but also all additional materials that need to be used during the work. Metal sheets must be protected from negative influence moisture, reduce noise, etc. Total cost roofing works metal tiles and piece tiles differ by only 20–25%.

Additionally, the duration of operation should be taken into account. Metal roofs have a warranty of no more than 30 years, and ceramic tiles have a warranty of at least 100 years. Is there a difference? will have to be repaired three times more often, and this is a huge additional cost.

Prices for metal tiles

Metal tiles

Heavy weight. Indeed, the mass of a square meter of ceramic tiles can reach 40–50 kg, while metal tiles weigh only 6–7 kg/m2.

It is further stated that for heavy tiles it is necessary to build complex rafter system, a lot of expensive lumber is required, etc. Inexperienced developers believe, because the numbers are very convincing. But what really? In our country, there are standards that require that during calculations of the rafter system, the technical specifications provide for the total load on square meter not less than 250 kg. No one plans a rafter system separately for metal tiles, flexible roofing materials, asbestos cement slate or ceramic tiles.

A tile roof can last up to a hundred years. It is resistant to ultraviolet radiation, frost, heat and moisture. It is quite difficult to install, but the final result will delight even the most meticulous esthete. A roof made of ceramic or cement-sand tiles reflects the prosperity, solidity and style of the owner of the cottage. This roofing material costs a lot, but the installation costs are paid off by a long service life.

What are ceramic tiles

The term “natural tiles” usually combines the piece elements of classic ceramic tiles and its more modern analogue made of baked cement with sand. Both versions of this roof covering have similar characteristics and manufacturing technology. In production, first, blanks of the desired shape are formed from the initial mixture and dried, and then these products are baked at temperatures above 1000 C.

General view of the roof

The ancient Greeks and Romans covered the roofs of their houses with it. In Russia the dawn of this roofing material began only at the end of the 19th century. Then the Germans brought its first samples to show the Tsar and opened domestic Russian production.

Nowadays, building materials stores sell the natural version, both domestic and imported. And there are no special differences in quality different manufacturers she doesn't exist. If this product is made using technology and from high-quality raw materials, then such a roof will last for a very long time.

Types of roofing tiles

Natural piece tiles are divided into several types according to the shape of individual elements, material of manufacture, color and outer covering. According to the size of the main tiles, it can be:

Small format – >20 pieces/sq m;

Medium format – 10–20 pieces/sq m;

Large format –

In addition to classic flakes, there is also a huge range of additional elements for all curves and roof elements. By tile it is now customary to understand a whole system of various parts with a tongue-and-groove end, which together, after installation, form a single roofing deck.

By shape

There are three main varieties natural tiles, differing in the manufacturing method:

Pressed.

Stamped.

Molded (tape).

There isn't much difference between them, it's just different technologies factory production. Everywhere, the output is roof products with similar operational parameters and characteristics. They differ only in profile.

Types by shape

Also, in addition to ordinary ones, there are special parts for the roof for covering ridges, vents, gutters, pipes, ends, gables, etc.

According to the material of manufacture

The main difference between the products currently sold is in the material of manufacture. There is a classic ceramic tile. It is made, as originally, from baked clay. And cement-sand tiles, made from a mixture of sand, Portland cement and pigments. They differ in the composition of components, weight and price. But in terms of durability and other characteristics, there are no significant differences between these products.

Ceramic classified as an elite type of roofing. It is heavier and more expensive than its cement-sand counterpart. It has a natural terracotta color with shades ranging from beige to dark brown. Externally, roofs with it become a little duller and darker over time, which only gives them a more noble and natural appearance.

Creaton brand ceramic look

The technology for the production of cement-sand tiles differs from the production of purely clay competitors in that they require less energy for firing. In fact, this is an ordinary reinforced concrete product made of cement, water and sand, which is not fired, but in most cases is simply dried. This variety has natural option wider range of colors. Tiles can be either painted with paint of any shade or made with the addition of pigments to the composition.

Cement-sand brand Braas

To increase durability, sand and ceramic tiles are coated with a protective layer:

Glaze is a glassy mass applied to workpieces before firing;

Engobes are powdered clay with metal oxides that produce different colors when fired.

But most of this material on domestic houses is without any additional coating at all. Natural classics are more beautiful, antique and elegant.

Advantages and disadvantages of natural tiles

Among the advantages ceramic version and cement-based analogues are:

Durability - at least 30 years will pass before the first repair, and a complete replacement of the tiled roof will be required after 70–80 years;

High noise absorption characteristics - only bituminous ondulin and roofing felt have better performance in muffling external noise;

Antistatic and fireproof coating - no other roofing material can boast of such a combination of non-flammability and inability to conduct electric current;

Waterproof and frost-resistant - tile products are able to absorb moisture up to a maximum of 5-6% of their weight, so they are not afraid of precipitation and frost;

Environmental friendliness – in the production of these roofing elements Only environmentally friendly ingredients are used;

UV resistance and aggressive environments– ceramic and sand are not scary sun rays and acid rain, it does not fade and does not lose its original appearance;

Ease of operation - no additional maintenance is required after installation of the roof.

There are few disadvantages to tile roofing, but they do exist:

High material costs;

Labor intensive installation;

Fragility;

Heavy weight.

Ceramic and more modern cement-sand tiles should be transported with caution. It is quite fragile and can simply crack if hit hard. Due to its significant weight (the weight of one square tile roof can reach 50–60 kg), it is necessary to construct a reinforced rafter system for it. Even asbestos-cement sheets will require a less powerful rafter structure.

Use for roofing

Ceramic has a high price - more than 500 rubles per m2. However, these expenses are more than offset by the respectability, practicality and durability of the created roof. Among the variety of roofing materials, it has an undeniable role as an elite and expensive option. By its very appearance it testifies to the wealth of the owner of a private house. At the same time, it can be used to cover both old buildings being restored and new buildings. It fits everywhere and looks great.

Photo of ceramic and cement-sand tiles

It is often used for finishing luxury houses

This roof simply blends in with the red brick walls.

Another neat house

House with dark option

And finally, Hi-Tech, a connection between the past and the future: classic tiles with modern solar panels

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Tiled roofs have been used for decades. Initially, only wealthy people could afford this material, but with the development of production, the roof began to be used by a wide segment of the population. Today, tiles are a reliable and inexpensive material. Houses with such a roof look quite aesthetically pleasing and professional, naturally commanding respect. In these conditions, it is important to know how to repair a tile roof.

Tiled roof installation

Tile roofing can be ceramic (made of clay) or cement-sand (made of concrete). And the tile itself is a mixture of sand and cement with additions of mineral pigments. They give the material its characteristic properties and color.

The market assortment is also presented various modifications tiles:

• Ceramic tile roofing - has several natural shades. Its cost is higher than the cost of cement-sand tiles. Produce this type natural clay material. Thanks to this, the tiles are neat in shape and thin in thickness.
• Cement-sand tiles - also have a wide color scheme. This is possible thanks to the use of certain models of pigments and dyes in the production. These tiles are not fired, but they are quite durable (hardened cement). An important condition is compliance with production technology. As a result, the service life of the material will be long.

Tile roofing protects the roof from leaks and related problems. This roof decorates country house and gives it a noble appearance.

Installing a tiled roof

Laying shingles is not that easy. All the work takes a lot of time and effort. Therefore, instead of doing all the installation work yourself, it would be more rational to entrust them to specialists. Note that each roof requires individual approach. This is due to the fact that buildings and roofing are different from each other. Using tiles, you can cover a roof of any complexity. Let us remind you that today you can find roofs with one, two or many slopes.

Installation of tiles, detailed video:

Stages of installation of a tiled roof:

• Construction of flooring;
• Installation work with lathing and ventilation ducts;
• on the roof;
• Fastening the bottom row of tiles using self-tapping screws or galvanized nails;
• Fastening shingles near passages and folds. If there is a large angle of inclination, the tiles are attached over the entire surface. At the smallest angle of inclination, the remaining tiles are laid according to the standard;
• Fastening roof elements: thermal insulation layers, ventilation, snow barriers, ridge tiles, etc.

Many companies install shingles and repair roofs. It is recommended to give preference only to high quality roofing materials.

Tiled roofs appeared earlier than other materials and were widely used in ancient times. It is made from natural materials, as well as from raw materials with lower cost. As an example, we can highlight metal roofing(metal tiles and composite tiles) and soft tiles.

Advantages of tile roofing

The peculiarity of tile roofing is its versatility. In other words, it can be used for any type of building: wooden, brick or even stone. Tiles are used in the construction of new buildings and in the reconstruction of dilapidated houses. Tile roofing allows you to maneuver architectural ideas. The material has found application, at the same time, for traditional gable roofs and for roofs complex shapes and structures (most often soft tiles are used).

The technology for making ceramic clay tiles has been known for hundreds of years. It, of course, has changed and improved, but the principle itself remains the same: shards molded from clay are fired in a kiln to give greater strength.

Today, clay tiles are available not only in their natural color - red-brown. There are two technologies for coloring it, which give it different looks and properties:

• Glazed ceramic tiles. A tinted glassy coating is applied to the annealed plate, which is also fired in a kiln. As a result, the surface becomes shiny and very smooth. The shades of this type of tile are very bright and rich. With each rain, the roof is literally cleaned to a mirror shine: all dust is washed away from the slippery surface.
• Engobing. Tiles painted using this method have more muted matte shades. After all, engobe is powdered clay mixed with a mineral pigment, diluted with a little water. After annealing in an oven, the applied painted layer has a slightly porous structure, the shades are muted, restrained in tone.

For the conditions of central Russia and the North, engobed tiles are more suitable. After all, its color is the same as ceramics. Therefore, its temperature expansion is the same and its appearance remains stable for many decades. The glassy glaze on the tiles has a different thermal expansion, which causes them to crack and their appearance to be less than ideal.

In addition to different colors, clay tiles have different shapes and profiles. They are in form:

For flat and wavy ones, grooves are often made, with the help of which they are joined to each other and also secured. They are easier and faster to install, and quick installation does not make the coating less reliable.

There are several types of tiles based on their purpose:

• Private. The whole roof is covered with it.
• Skate. Stacked on the skate pitched roof after the installation is completed private.
• Wind or edge (right and left). Placed on the edge. It differs from the ordinary one in the presence of a wind strip, which protects the edge of the rafters from the effects of rain and wind.

The variety of ceramic tiles is great. It’s not for nothing that this is the most favorite material for roofs among designers.

Advantages and disadvantages

The first and undoubted advantage of this type of roofing material is its naturalness and environmental friendliness. After all, this is clay with some additives, fired in a kiln at very high temperatures. high temperature. That's all the technology and composition. But there are other advantages:

It was not for nothing that ancestors laid tiles on the roof. She has a lot of excellent qualities. But there are also disadvantages, and you need to know them:

• Heavy weight. This leads to the fact that the rafter system must be made of more powerful timber, and supports must be installed more often. In addition, the significant mass makes transportation more difficult. The mass of the tiles must also be taken into account when designing the foundation.
• Laying is possible only by hand, without the possibility of using machinery. Although new tile models have made the installation itself much easier.
• The slope should be steeper so that the water drains quickly.
• For painted tiles (by any method), the natural color is visible in places where they are chipped.

There aren't many downsides, but there are some. How significant they are, everyone decides for themselves. Watch the video to learn how to choose high-quality tiles.

Tiled roof installation

Tile behaves best on fairly steep slopes. Optimal slope from 22° to 50°. If the slope is less steep, additional waterproofing is required; for larger slopes, additional fasteners are required. Then each tile is “set” on a self-tapping screw, roofing nail or clamp.

Selection of bars and installation step for the rafter system

The basis of the structure is the rafter system. This roofing material is heavy - the average weight of one square meter of clay tiles is 40-60 kg. Considerable mass. To this it is necessary to add the thickness of the snow cover that falls in the region. So the rafter system needs a powerful one.

But when constructing a rafter system, it is unprofitable to use very thick bars. It will be much cheaper if you install medium-sized rafters more often. The load-bearing capacity will not be affected, and you will pay less for building materials. So in middle lane Russia acceptable option a beam of 75*150 mm is considered (maybe more or less depending on the amount of snow and slope). Installation step 60-90 cm.

Having finished installing the rafters, they are treated with antiseptic and fire-retardant impregnations. A wind barrier film is secured to the rafter system, and then installation of the sheathing begins.

Sheathing device

The distance between the horizontal slats is determined by the size of the selected tile and the angle of the roof. Most often, the installation step is specified by the manufacturer (found in the installation instructions). But you can decide for yourself.

The rafter system and lathing are two key points when laying a ceramic roof with your own hands

The length of the tiles varies, but the most common are 40-42 cm. When calculating the pitch of the sheathing, you need to take into account the useful or effective length. After all, the rows overlap each other. The more one tile overlaps another, the shorter the useful length. And the amount of overlap depends on the angle of inclination of the roof: the smaller it is, the more the rows overlap (so that water does not flow in):

• slope angle 11-25° - overlap 100 mm;
• slope 25-35° - approach 75 mm;
• steeper than 35° - approach 45 mm.

When calculating the pitch, take into account that it is possible to make a larger approach, but less - only to the detriment of the quality of the roof, since water can flow in. Excessively increasing the overlap of one row with another is unprofitable for material reasons (more tiles are required), so you shouldn’t get carried away with this either.

For the sheathing, timber 50*50 mm or 60*40 mm is used. It also needs to be treated with impregnations before installation. The number of crossbars is one less than the number of rows that will be laid on the roof (one is added running along the overhang).

Heat and vapor barrier

The heat insulator is installed from the side of the under-roof space. Usually these are obscenities mineral wool, they are rigid enough to be installed between joists.

The heat insulator should fit very tightly and without gaps: the slightest gap is a bridge through which heat will escape. This is an unacceptable luxury for baths. That’s why we insulate it especially carefully. Then a sheathing is laid on top of the insulation, which will hold the insulation, and a vapor barrier membrane is fixed on top. It is secured with a counter-lattice, to which the interior decoration can be attached if the room is inhabited.

Calculation of the number of tiles

When determining the number of tiles, useful dimensions are used. How to determine the useful length is described above, and the useful width is indicated by the manufacturer. By multiplying them, you determine usable area one element. Total area roofs are divided by the found value. Get the number of pieces. But a reserve is needed for fighting and pruning. Approximately 10-15%.

Calculation example. We break tiles, the useful dimensions of which are 345 * 300 mm. Square gable roof baths 24m2.

1. We determine the usable area of ​​the tiles: 0.345 x 0.3 = 0.1035 m2.
2. We count the number of pieces for the entire roof. 24 / 0.1035 = 232 pcs.
3. There will be 255 pcs in stock.

Now a little about the cost. The amount required is considerable: the price of one tile is from 1.6 € per piece (beaver tail) to 4.2 € / piece. It turns out that for this roof you will only need for ordinary tiles from 408 € to 1071 €.

The cost of side and ridge elements will also be added to the costs. Fasteners will also be needed. All this will require about 150-250 €. Not a cheap pleasure. But if you consider that the service life is calculated in decades, then it is not so expensive.

Installation of ceramic tiles

Installation begins from the bottom row. First, nail the cornice strip. It can be metal (purchased along with the tiles) or wood. In the first and last rows, we fasten each element with self-tapping screws. All side elements are also secured.

All others are fixed with a specially shaped wire, which is supplied with the tiles. It is passed under the sheathing strip and hooked onto special grooves on both sides. Since there are protrusions on the back side with which the tiles rest against the strip, the fastening is flexible and at the same time reliable. Such a roof, when shrinking, will easily adapt to all movements, while maintaining tightness. You just need to make the rafter system correctly: it must also be movable (floating).

For more information on installing clay tiles, watch the video. The first half discusses the advantages and disadvantages of natural tiles, and the second demonstrates the installation of elements in the bottom row, as well as elements of subsequent rows.

Cement-sand tiles

Cement-sand tiles are also a natural roofing material

Natural tiles are another type of roofing material: cement-sand tiles. It is also called concrete, cement or CPU tiles. As the name implies, it consists of cement and quartz sand, to which a coloring pigment is added. That is, these are products from lightweight concrete. The peculiarity of the technology makes it possible to achieve high density and strength: the service life of a roof with cement-sand tiles is 100 years.

Its technical characteristics and consumer properties are very close to those of ceramic. Even the weight is almost the same: a square meter of cement-sand tiles weighs 42-45 kg.

But there are also differences. Since the pigment is added directly to the solution, there is no difference when chips form: all of it, both outside and inside, is the same color.

There's one that's not so good good point: the edges of the concrete tiles seem to be chopped off. This somewhat worsens the appearance of the roof from above, but when viewed from the side you will not see much of a difference.

The attractiveness of this material is its lower price. For example, products of the German-Russian enterprise Braas start from 36 rubles per tile. Compared to ceramic prices, the difference is noticeable.

The construction of a roof with concrete tiles is no different from ceramic tiles. Everything comes together down to the smallest detail. So there's no news here.

Polymer sand tiles

This roofing material can be classified as natural with a very big stretch. However, it is on the market. The material has both pros and cons. The advantages include:

Disadvantages require attention - you need to make a decision taking them into account:

• Frost resistance of the material is 200 defrost-freeze cycles. This is five times less than ceramics and cement-sand tiles.
• Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, a slow process of erosion occurs - the tiles gradually become thinner. It will serve its term, but you shouldn’t hope for a significant excess.
• When temperature changes, the tile deforms and changes shape. This may cause the roof to leak.

As you can see, polymer-sand tiles have serious disadvantages. But the price is attractive: a square meter of coverage costs from 340 rubles. When choosing, it is worth remembering that if the production technology is violated, problems begin: after a few years it begins to crumble, literally by hand. Therefore, the choice of manufacturer is very important.

If you decide to cover your bathhouse with polymer tiles, you need to know that there are some installation features: each tile is secured with two nails or self-tapping screws. In this case, it is necessary to leave some play: it must be able to move. It is advisable to use stainless steel fasteners: galvanized nails.

Plastic tiles

This type of material is definitely not natural, but it is just as certain that it is much cheaper. The advantages of this type of roofing material are the same as those of polymer-sand material. Appearance slightly different from the usual, but not radically.

Available in two formats: in the form of single tiles or sheets of two or three elements. Working with plastic tiles is much easier: they are two times lighter and absolutely not brittle. Each has locks, with the help of which a single roofing sheet is assembled. Attached to the sheathing with nails.

The installation order differs: they start laying from the ridge, placing the bottom row under the one on top. The material is new, so there is little operating experience. But the price is low and installation is simple, which makes you think and hesitate when choosing.

Conclusions

A tiled roof can be made from four outwardly very similar materials: ceramic, cement-sand and polymer-sand, as well as plastic tiles. Despite their external similarity, they have differences in price, and some in characteristics.