The most affordable way to organize autonomous system water supply - to equip an Abyssinian well in a country land plot or in the basement of the house.

The finished hydraulic structure provides water supply from the sandy soil layer, so the natural water source has high organoleptic characteristics.

Design features of the well

Not many people know what an Abyssinian well is and how it works. An Abyssinian well is a well up to 10 meters deep without a casing, in which water is supplied by a pump.

The arrangement of the well is carried out by a percussion-rope installation, which is used in private drilling. In this case, the drilling depth is up to 12–15 meters.

The device of the Abyssinian well is reliable and efficient. Structurally, the building consists of the following elements:

• prefabricated water pipe (separate sections of pipes that are interconnected by couplings, and the joints are closed with rubber seals);
• tip - hardened steel needle;
• top filter;
• inlet valve;
• pump equipment.

The water pipe is equipped with a submersible needle tip, in which small holes are made for water intake. In the upper part of the structure there is a filter for water purification and further supply to the consumer.

Wells have the following parameters of structural elements:

• the diameter of the water pipe is from 2 to 8 cm, the length of the segments is 200 cm each;
• needle tip length - from 25 to 32 cm, diameter - up to 1.5 cm;
• pump - surface or manual.

Advantages of an autonomous Abyssinian well

Having figured out what an Abyssinian well is, you can consider the main advantages of this type of structure.

Abyssinian wells have become quite popular and in demand due to high performance characteristics:

• simple and robust design structures;
• low cost of component materials;
• durability, practicality and safety of the design;
• with a small diameter of a water pipe, a self-made well is not inferior in its technical and operational characteristics to more serious counterparts;
• the well does not take up much space, so it can be equipped even in a small area;
• the structure is equipped with surface pumping equipment, which is more convenient for maintenance or repair work;
• Abyssinian well from plastic pipes can be equipped in areas where the organization of a conventional deep well is impossible for technical or other reasons;
• to make an Abyssinian well on your own, there is no need to use expensive equipment and auxiliary equipment;
• it will take 12 hours to equip the well - from the start of work to the receipt of the first liters of clean water;
• reliable filter provides effective cleaning aquifer and prevents its possible silting;
• a do-it-yourself equipped well-needle provides for a continuous supply of water in a volume sufficient for household and drinking needs. The average debit of this type of hydraulic structure is from 0.6 to 3.1 cubic meters per hour;
• the finished structure is subject to dismantling and re-installation in various operational areas.

A distinctive feature of the well is the immersion of the water pipe to an arbitrary depth. This prevents siltation of the structure and the supply of contaminated water with a high content of foreign impurities. In this case, the water in the Abyssinian structure will be of better quality chemical composition than in classical large-diameter wells

The possible ingress of contaminants from the surface layers of the soil into the aquifer is the only drawback of the Abyssinian well. For this reason, it is recommended to carefully choose a suitable location for the construction of a well, away from landfills, sewers and pits, summer showers and septic tanks.

Available ways to equip the Abyssinian well

If professional construction services are expensive, how to make an Abyssinian well on your own? A question that interests many homeowners who have decided to organize an autonomous drinking source on their site.

There are several available ways well arrangement.

Pre-drilling drilling rig

This method is used to develop a well in mobile, aquifer-saturated soil, which is prone to rapid sedimentation and collapse. In this case, the drilling process is combined with the immersion of the water pipe. For work, professional or homemade drills- U-shaped structures equipped with a cylinder for collecting and bringing the waste soil to the surface. For the convenience of working with a drill, it is recommended to use an electric or mechanical winch on a stand. It contributes to the rapid extraction of soil from the cylinder and rod of the drilling rig.

Barbell driving

For driving with a barbell, special metal hexagonal rods are used, which are lowered into casing pipe. Each rod is equipped with a thread to increase the length. The workflow involves throwing a downhole rod into a rod to equip a well of the required depth.

Driving with a driving woman

Often, a driving woman is used to equip the well - a rod, to which a cone-shaped tip is fixed with a washer. This design allows you to quickly equip the casing string for the well. In the process of driving, the column is moistened with water, which contributes to the softening of the soil and the easy passage of the device into the depth. After preparing the column of the desired depth, installation is carried out pumping equipment.

Independent development of the Abyssinian well

You can make an Abyssinian well with your own hands using a simple homemade installation. To perform the work, it is necessary to prepare the following tools and materials:

• electric drill;
• grinder;
• welding installation;
• sledgehammer and hammer;
• set of gas keys;
• a water pipe in sections of 150 cm each;
• cast-iron couplings - for driving pipes, steel - for connection;
• steel wire 0.3 mm thick and mesh (galoon weaving) for the filter;
• sealant for joints;
• check valve;
• pump equipment.

Filter design

A tip with a filter is made from a small piece of pipe (length up to 85 cm), to which a cone-shaped tip is welded. Small holes are made on the surface of the tip for water supply. A wire and a stainless steel mesh are wound onto the pipe with additional fixation on metal clamps in increments of 9 cm.

Well construction technology

The process of driving a pipe into sandy soil is quite simple, but requires a little skill. Experts recommend performing work on the arrangement of a well of this type in the following order:

1. A garden drill drills a shaft of the required depth and diameter. The optimal depth of the structure is determined by the sound method - the passage of clay soils does not create noise, in sandy soils a strong rattle is felt in the coarse fraction, in the sandy soils of the fine fraction - a slight rustle.
2. A water intake pipe is being installed with a phased connection of the segments with metal couplings. Work is carried out until a wet sandy layer appears. Next, a depth check is performed - a small volume of liquid is fed into the casing. If the liquid seeps quickly - the depth is suitable, if with delays - it is necessary to deepen the pipe by 50 cm.
3. Filter installation. A pipe section with a homemade filter is mounted using threaded couplings. The finished structure is immersed to the bottom to the sand layer, and a cast-iron coupling is screwed in the upper part.
4. Next is the installation check valve and pumping equipment. All elements must form a single hermetic structure, otherwise ready system water supply will not function effectively. To seal the joints and increase the strength of the connecting elements, you can additionally use linseed hemp or oil-based paint.
5. At the end of the work, the pumping of the hydraulic structure is carried out until a clean drinking water. First, an air plug passes, then a cloudy liquid, after which purified water appears.
6. To protect the water intake point from the penetration of pollution and runoff into the mine, it is recommended to concrete small playground around the building. It should rise above the top level of the soil by 5–8 cm.

Video about the technology of arranging a homemade well-needle.

The main advantage of wells is the reliability of structures and the safety of the arrangement. In addition, they are durable, practical and easy to use.

A do-it-yourself equipped Abyssinian well can be located on suburban area, in the garage or cellar. The construction of such a hydraulic structure does not require expensive equipment, and all work can be done independently without the involvement of contractors.

Water determines comfort, so every person needs it. To connect the central water supply, it is enough to agree with the water supply organization. But what if she isn't? We will be helped various devices allowing water to be pumped out of the ground. One of them is the Abyssinian well. This is an inexpensive and easy-to-manufacture mechanism for extracting water from a depth of 8-10 m.

The design of the device was in northern Africa, where dry and loose sands interfered with the construction of conventional wells. Their walls quickly crumbled, and the water became polluted.

Abyssinian well brilliant in its simplicity. With the depth of a conventional well shaft, its cross section is very narrow. Essentially, this is a well hand pump for pumping water.

small size allow you to install it anywhere, whether in the basement of the house or in the yard. If it is placed in a heated room, the water will not freeze even in winter.

Like any source of water supply, the Abyssinian well is built taking into account sanitary norms.

Let's get rid of the sources of pollution first:

• cesspools,
• trashcans,
• ditches.

Equipment set

The basis of the well will be steel pipes with an inch section. They are attached to each other threaded connection with a small step.

In addition, a coupling of a slightly larger section than the pipe is put on the threaded sections.

An important element the drill string is a needle. It is used both for breaking through the soil and as a filter, purifying water from contaminants.

Independent production of a needle and drilling of a well

AT steel pipe with a cross section, like that of a drill column, holes up to 5 mm in diameter are drilled. To preserve the integrity of the hull, they are made in checkerboard pattern.

Along the pipe are support rods made of steel wire. This is done to create an opening between the pipe and the outer winding.

We twist the V-shaped wire on top of the rods. This node creates external filter. The whole structure - wrapped wire, support rods and pipe body - is fixed by welding.

The needle tip is installed to the end of the pipe. In order for the filter not to collapse while moving through the ground, it is necessary to make its outer diameter slightly larger than the filter section.

percussive drilling

Well arrangement

When completed, it looks like a pipe coming out of the ground. To transform it into a full-fledged source of water supply, the following must be done.

An alternative would be to use submersible pump but it will cost more. This is a highly specialized device used in the extraction of water from great depths.

Arrangement of the Abyssinian well for year-round work

For permanent residence at the cottage or country house it is worth thinking about the work of the well all year round. To prevent water from freezing in winter, the pump should be placed in a room with a temperature above zero or in a caisson. The caisson can be deepened below the freezing level or as a finished structure made of plastic or iron. Reminds me of a barrel buried in the ground.

The caisson can be compacted with an additional layer of materials that are impervious to soil. The pipeline is insulated both with a passive layer and with the help of active heating such as a heating cable.

) from ancient times conquered people with ease of installation and ease of use. Its popularity continues to this day. But many are interested in whether the Abyssinian well will freeze in winter?

If it is drilled in a heated room, and the simplicity and compactness of the needle allows this option, then there will be no problems with operation, regardless of the season. Those who made a well on the street are concerned about the question: is it possible to use the Abyssinian well in winter? Can. But there are some nuances here. It is clear that it would be best to simply mothball the well until spring, because this is exactly what most summer residents do.

For this you need:

• remove the pump, regardless of whether it is mechanical or electric;
• drain the water from the pipes so that they do not burst during frost (if mistakes were made during installation, it may be necessary to additionally blow out the pipes to get rid of residual water);
• close the head tightly with dense polyethylene or plastic.

If the needle is located in a region with a fairly warm climate, then the pump can not be removed, but insulated. But even in this case, the water must be drained.

This is what an Abyssinian well looks like in winter

It happens that the Abyssinian well has to be used in winter. If this is a one-time case, then just connect the pump, pump up required amount water, and then mothball the well back. Please note that when using electric pump water must first be pumped into the pipes so as not to spoil the pump.

Arrangement of the Abyssinian well for winter use

It is worth arranging if the water supply is used regularly in winter.

There are two options here:

1. Transfer to a heated room (suitable only for sufficiently powerful electrical units), and run a pipe or hose to the head. In this case, it will be necessary to insulate the pipe and the head of the well. In warm regions, a few coats are sufficient. mineral wool and polyethylene for sealing. In cold regions, this may not be enough, in which case a heating cable is required. Or the supply pipe is buried below the freezing level.
2. Construction of a caisson. It is rarely used for this type of wells due to the high cost of its arrangement or proximity. ground water.

It should also be taken into account that initially the idea Abyssinian well came to us from hot Ethiopia, and is not designed for operation in cold weather. Often, its insulation is an order of magnitude more complicated and more expensive than the cost of arrangement and installation.

More information in this video.

Read also:

How to make an Abyssinian well with your own hands? Features of working with a drill for an Abyssinian well The maximum depth of the Abyssinian well for drilling

When is the best time to make an Abyssinian well? The level of groundwater depends on the time of year. In the spring, groundwater rises as much as possible, and in the summer drought they fall down.

The fluctuation of the water level between spring and hot summer is different everywhere. In one place it will be 2 meters, in another 1 meter, and for example in the village of Klisheva, Ramensky district of the Moscow region, the level does not change at all. In the spring it is 4 meters from the surface, and even in the drought in the summer of 2010 it was the same - 4 meters!

You can clog an Abyssinian well (igloo well) at any time of the year, even in winter!

We clog these wells all year round - even in winter. There are no claims to the wells clogged in the spring.

Some idle people claim that it is necessary to score only in August - allegedly because the groundwater level is minimal and if you find water in August, then it will always be there. Hence the question arises - what should the drillers do for the remaining 11 months?

The main thing is that the water column in the well should be at least 1.5-2 meters. Then, in the event of a possible seasonal drop in the groundwater level, the aquifer (and the filter in it) will still be below the water level. The author of the site has a well in the basement of the house with a depth of 9 meters, the column of water in it is 5 meters.

Of course, clogging a well in winter is a separate difficulty associated with frost. Frost binds the earth - and it is difficult to drill it. But it is necessary to go only 1-1.5 meters, and then again there will be unfrozen ground. There is no doubt - in winter they drill only in case of emergency. Such a need was, for example, in the winter of 2010. in January-February. As you remember, there were severe frosts, there was not a single thaw. As a result, many water pipes froze - and they decided to drill a well in the basement of the house.

In winter, it is better to drill in the basement of the house. In this case, it is better to warm the house well.

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How to mothball a well for the winter - this issue must be resolved before the onset of cold weather and in the dry season. Well conservation is applied if you decide not to use it in winter.

This means that you will no longer be able to use water either in the house or on the street. The well will be tightly closed, access to it will be terminated. The water supply leading from her to the house will be blocked. If you decide on this option, we will consider in more detail what methods of well conservation exist.

Features of using a well in winter

If we proceed from the fact that the water mirror is 8 meters, and the freezing depth of the ground cover is 2 meters, then there is nothing to freeze in the well closed for the winter. The weak point in terms of freezing in any water supply system using any type of well is the pipeline through which water enters the dwelling. If water remains in it, it will begin to freeze already at zero temperature, which leads to damage to the pipe, and sometimes to failure of the entire system.

The installation of the pipeline system must be carried out below the freezing zone of the soil - 1.5-2 meters. Often, in order to save money, they equip the well with their own hands, do not take into account these installation requirements. The results can be the most deplorable.

If in your area the connection is made at a shallower depth, then it is additionally recommended to lay a heating cable. Its installation does not require much knowledge and skills. Of the simplest methods, it is recommended to lay foam polystyrene plates with a thickness of at least 10 cm on top, cover them with a film or fiberglass. Sprinkle more snow on top.

Therefore, removing water from the system is the main stage in the conservation of the well and water supply for the winter. Already when designing a plumbing system on suburban area you need to decide whether you will live here permanently or only in summer season. If there are doubtful places in the pipeline, then it is imperative to provide for the drainage of water. At the same time, it must be understood that not all liquid will go away after simply opening the taps.

Therefore, it is better to plan and implement the installation of drain pipes in bends and other problem areas, which will allow you to completely remove water from the entire water supply. It is also recommended to install a tee in the line, through which air could remove the remaining moisture from the system.

The sequence of stages of well conservation for the winter

Preserving a well for the winter is quite simple, you can do it yourself, on your own. Preparation for winter conservation of the system, if you are not going to operate it in winter, begins in the warm and dry season, no later than September. The stages of well conservation for the winter include the following mandatory actions:

1. turn off the water supply;
2. we drain the water through pipes or taps located at the lowest points of each pipeline junction. A compressor can be used to purge the system;
3. remove residual water from plumbing fixtures;
4. if there is a boiler, then it is necessary to free it from water through the built-in drain pipe, and at the same time disconnect the water supply hoses;
5. we disconnect the pumping station from the water supply and, after draining, we blow it with air;
6. we dismantle watering pipes laid above the ground, since modern designs often allow this to be done without any special complications;
7. we disconnect the submersible pump from electricity and leave it in the well, nothing will happen to it: it is below the freezing point;
8. open the check valve, thus drain the water into the well.

Pay attention to the choice of location for the valve. It should not be installed where access to it is difficult, and it cannot be replaced or repaired. The best place for the non-return valve - immediately after the pump. Such models borehole pumps, like Grundfos, Pedrollo, Lowara, have a built-in check valve.

How to freeze an Abyssinian well for the winter

The water in the Abyssinian is below the freezing point, so nothing will happen to the well itself. The main task is to drain the water from the pipes and cover the mouth properly.
Actions during the conservation of the Abyssinian well:

1. remove the pump, drain the hose and put it in a warm, dry and securely closed place;
2. we drain the water from the pipes, if necessary, blow it with air;
3. fasten on a pre-made thread head. It will protect the neck from rain, wind, snow, dust, leaves, and other external influences;
4. the head is hermetically sealed with a film or plastic cap.

It is recommended to chlorinate the well. We dissolve dry bleach (30-40 g) in a bucket of water and fill it at the rate of one bucket per meter of well. Chlorine, flowing into the well, disinfects the water, destroying bacteria and various debris. Leave it like this until spring. In the spring we open, pump out and operate.

Well conservation with an installed adapter

The downhole adapter is a device for tight connection water pipe with a well below the freezing level of the soil. A well with an adapter can also be used in winter period. In this case, the pipeline leading to the house is laid in a trench with a depth of at least 1.6 meters. At the same time, a hydraulic tank and automation are installed in the house.

The procedure is as follows:

1. Turn off the power to the pump.
2. Open any faucet in the house.

The well is equipped with an automatic relief valve. When the water pressure in the system drops to 0.5 bar, the valve will open, water from the pipeline will merge into the well.

Do I need to pump a well in winter

Prolonged inactivity adversely affects the condition of the well. It begins to silt, the quality of water deteriorates. For example, filter sand wells are very dependent on the intensity of operation (silt up and fail quickly if they are not used in winter). It is recommended to pump them at least once a month for 20-30 minutes.

After the end of the winter period, it is important to competently restore the work of the water intake, that is, to swing the well. The task is to lift the layers of silt and sand from the bottom and squeeze them out of the pipe.

• We use the vibration method. We lower vibration pump into the well and alternately, either lowering or raising the device, loosen the deposits at the bottom. The procedure is repeated until a clear liquid is received. The pump is periodically cleaned of dirt. Make sure it doesn't sink to the bottom.
• Another variant of the buildup is produced by the method of punching and ejection to the surface of small particles of silt and sand, caked on the bottom. We use the method used in brine wells, operating on the principle of "squeezing brine". We lower a pipe of a smaller diameter into the well until it stops at the bottom. From above, we connect a hose to it, and let water through it with great pressure. The water jet squeezes out deposits and sand particles come to the surface. When gravel particles appear, we stop the process, remove the narrow pipe. We lower the pump and pump the water intake in the usual way. The disadvantage of this method is that the strainer may not withstand the pressure and break.

Periodic pumping of your own well prolongs the life of the water intake structure.

Construction of the caisson

If you want and have the opportunity to install a water supply system according to all the canons, then you need to build a caisson. It will deepen the well to the freezing point.

Manufactured in different forms. For the construction of a well, round ones are suitable. Caissons are made of concrete, metal or polypropylene.
The polypropylene unit is the easiest to install, you can mount it yourself, with your own hands.
By price plastic caissons cheaper than metal, but the most durable of them can cost tens of thousands of rubles. The cheapest ones are made of concrete rings.
Installation includes the preparation of the pit, the installation of the tank, the installation of the appropriate equipment in it, and its adjustment. A hatch is installed on top.
The caisson also serves to protect the well from the penetration of groundwater and rainwater.

Conservation of the well for the winter will make it possible for it to remain clean for winter time and ready to go by the start of the spring season.

Video

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