What is the largest number? What are the largest numbers in the world called?

Sooner or later, everyone is tormented by the question, what is the largest number. A child's question can be answered in a million. What's next? Trillion. And even further? In fact, the answer to the question of what are the largest numbers is simple. It is simply worth adding one to the largest number, as it will no longer be the largest. This procedure can be continued indefinitely. Those. it turns out there is no largest number in the world? Is it infinity?

But if you ask yourself: what is the largest number that exists, and what is its own name? Now we all know...

There are two systems for naming numbers - American and English.

The American system is built quite simply. All names of large numbers are built like this: at the beginning there is a Latin ordinal number, and at the end the suffix -million is added to it. The exception is the name "million" which is the name of the number one thousand (lat. mille) and the magnifying suffix -million (see table). So the numbers are obtained - trillion, quadrillion, quintillion, sextillion, septillion, octillion, nonillion and decillion. The American system is used in the USA, Canada, France and Russia. You can find out the number of zeros in a number written in the American system using the simple formula 3 x + 3 (where x is a Latin numeral).

The English naming system is the most common in the world. It is used, for example, in Great Britain and Spain, as well as in most of the former English and Spanish colonies. The names of numbers in this system are built like this: like this: a suffix -million is added to the Latin numeral, the next number (1000 times larger) is built according to the principle - the same Latin numeral, but the suffix is -billion. That is, after a trillion in the English system comes a trillion, and only then a quadrillion, followed by a quadrillion, and so on. Thus, a quadrillion according to the English and American systems are completely different numbers! You can find out the number of zeros in a number written in the English system and ending with the suffix -million using the formula 6 x + 3 (where x is a Latin numeral) and using the formula 6 x + 6 for numbers ending in -billion.

Only the number billion (10 9) passed from the English system into the Russian language, which, nevertheless, would be more correct to call it the way the Americans call it - a billion, since we have adopted the American system. But who in our country does something according to the rules! 😉 By the way, sometimes the word trillion is also used in Russian (you can see for yourself by running a search in Google or Yandex) and it means, apparently, 1000 trillion, i.e. quadrillion.

In addition to numbers written using Latin prefixes in the American or English system, the so-called off-system numbers are also known, i.e. numbers that have their own names without any Latin prefixes. There are several such numbers, but I will talk about them in more detail a little later.

Let's go back to writing using Latin numerals. It would seem that they can write numbers to infinity, but this is not entirely true. Now I will explain why. First, let's see how the numbers from 1 to 10 33 are called:

And so, now the question arises, what next. What is a decillion? In principle, it is possible, of course, by combining prefixes to generate such monsters as: andecillion, duodecillion, tredecillion, quattordecillion, quindecillion, sexdecillion, septemdecillion, octodecillion and novemdecillion, but these will already be compound names, and we were interested in our own names numbers. Therefore, according to this system, in addition to the above, you can still get only three proper names - vigintillion (from lat. viginti- twenty), centillion (from lat. percent- one hundred) and a million (from lat. mille- one thousand). The Romans did not have more than a thousand proper names for numbers (all numbers over a thousand were composite). For example, a million (1,000,000) Romans called centena milia i.e. ten hundred thousand. And now, actually, the table:

Thus, according to a similar system, numbers greater than 10 3003, which would have its own, non-compound name, cannot be obtained! But nevertheless, numbers greater than a million are known - these are the same off-system numbers. Finally, let's talk about them.

The smallest such number is a myriad (it is even in Dahl's dictionary), which means a hundred hundreds, that is, 10,000. True, this word is outdated and practically not used, but it is curious that the word "myriad" is widely used, which does not mean a certain number at all, but an uncountable, uncountable set of something. It is believed that the word myriad (English myriad) came to European languages from ancient Egypt.

There are different opinions about the origin of this number. Some believe that it originated in Egypt, while others believe that it was born only in Ancient Greece. Be that as it may, in fact, the myriad gained fame precisely thanks to the Greeks. Myriad was the name for 10,000, and there were no names for numbers over ten thousand. However, in the note "Psammit" (i.e., the calculus of sand), Archimedes showed how one can systematically build and name arbitrarily large numbers. In particular, placing 10,000 (myriad) grains of sand in a poppy seed, he finds that in the Universe (a sphere with a diameter of a myriad of Earth diameters) no more than 1063 grains of sand would fit (in our notation). It is curious that modern calculations of the number of atoms in the visible universe lead to the number 1067 (only a myriad times more). The names of the numbers Archimedes suggested are as follows:
1 myriad = 104.
1 di-myriad = myriad myriad = 108.
1 tri-myriad = di-myriad di-myriad = 1016.
1 tetra-myriad = three-myriad three-myriad = 1032.
etc.

Googol (from the English googol) is the number ten to the hundredth power, that is, one with one hundred zeros. The "googol" was first written about in 1938 in the article "New Names in Mathematics" in the January issue of the journal Scripta Mathematica by the American mathematician Edward Kasner. According to him, his nine-year-old nephew Milton Sirotta suggested calling a large number "googol". This number became well-known thanks to the Google search engine named after him. Note that "Google" is a trademark and googol is a number.

Edward Kasner.

On the Internet, you can often find mention that Google is the largest number in the world, but this is not so ...

In the well-known Buddhist treatise Jaina Sutra, dating back to 100 BC, the number Asankheya (from the Chinese. asentzi- incalculable), equal to 10 140. It is believed that this number is equal to the number of cosmic cycles necessary to gain nirvana.

Googolplex (English) googolplex) - a number also invented by Kasner with his nephew and meaning one with a googol of zeros, that is, 10 10100. Here is how Kasner himself describes this "discovery":

Words of wisdom are spoken by children at least as often as by scientists. The name "googol" was invented by a child (Dr. Kasner"s nine-year-old nephew) who was asked to think up a name for a very big number, namely, 1 with a hundred zeros after it. He was very certain that this number was not infinite, and therefore equally certain that it had to have a name. a googol, but is still finite, as the inventor of the name was quick to point out.

Mathematics and the Imagination(1940) by Kasner and James R. Newman.

Even more than a googolplex number, Skewes' number was proposed by Skewes in 1933 (Skewes. J. London Math. soc. 8, 277-283, 1933.) in proving the Riemann conjecture concerning prime numbers. It means e to the extent e to the extent e to the power of 79, i.e. eee79. Later, Riele (te Riele, H. J. J. "On the Sign of the Difference P(x)-Li(x)." Math. Comput. 48, 323-328, 1987) reduced Skuse's number to ee27/4, which is approximately equal to 8.185 10370. It is clear that since the value of the Skewes number depends on the number e, then it is not an integer, so we will not consider it, otherwise we would have to recall other non-natural numbers - the number pi, the number e, etc.

But it should be noted that there is a second Skewes number, which in mathematics is denoted as Sk2, which is even larger than the first Skewes number (Sk1). The second Skuse number was introduced by J. Skuse in the same article to denote a number for which the Riemann hypothesis is not valid. Sk2 is 101010103, which is 1010101000 .

As you understand, the more degrees there are, the more difficult it is to understand which of the numbers is greater. For example, looking at the Skewes numbers, without special calculations, it is almost impossible to understand which of these two numbers is larger. Thus, for superlarge numbers, it becomes inconvenient to use powers. Moreover, you can come up with such numbers (and they have already been invented) when the degrees of degrees simply do not fit on the page. Yes, what a page! They won't even fit into a book the size of the entire universe! In this case, the question arises how to write them down. The problem, as you understand, is solvable, and mathematicians have developed several principles for writing such numbers. True, every mathematician who asked this problem came up with his own way of writing, which led to the existence of several, unrelated, ways to write numbers - these are the notations of Knuth, Conway, Steinhouse, etc.

Consider the notation of Hugo Stenhaus (H. Steinhaus. Mathematical Snapshots, 3rd edn. 1983), which is quite simple. Steinhouse suggested writing large numbers inside geometric shapes - a triangle, a square and a circle:

Steinhouse came up with two new super-large numbers. He called the number - Mega, and the number - Megiston.

The mathematician Leo Moser refined Stenhouse's notation, which was limited by the fact that if it was necessary to write numbers much larger than a megiston, difficulties and inconveniences arose, since many circles had to be drawn one inside the other. Moser suggested drawing not circles after squares, but pentagons, then hexagons, and so on. He also proposed a formal notation for these polygons, so that numbers could be written without drawing complex patterns. Moser notation looks like this:

- n[k+1] = "n in n k-gons" = n[k]n.

Thus, according to Moser's notation, Steinhouse's mega is written as 2, and megiston as 10. In addition, Leo Moser suggested calling a polygon with the number of sides equal to mega - megagon. And he proposed the number "2 in Megagon", that is, 2. This number became known as the Moser's number, or simply as a moser.

But the moser is not the largest number. The largest number ever used in a mathematical proof is the limiting value known as Graham's number, first used in 1977 in the proof of one estimate in Ramsey theory. It is associated with bichromatic hypercubes and cannot be expressed without the special 64-level system of special mathematical symbols introduced by Knuth in 1976.

Unfortunately, the number written in the Knuth notation cannot be translated into the Moser notation. Therefore, this system will also have to be explained. In principle, there is nothing complicated in it either. Donald Knuth (yes, yes, this is the same Knuth who wrote The Art of Programming and created the TeX editor) came up with the concept of superpower, which he proposed to write with arrows pointing up:

In general, it looks like this:

I think that everything is clear, so let's get back to Graham's number. Graham proposed the so-called G-numbers:

The number G63 became known as the Graham number (it is often denoted simply as G). This number is the largest known number in the world and is even listed in the Guinness Book of Records.

So there are numbers bigger than Graham's number? There is, of course, the Graham number + 1 to start with. As for the significant number…well, there are some fiendishly complex areas of mathematics (particularly the field known as combinatorics) and computer science that have numbers even larger than the Graham number. But we have almost reached the limit of what can be rationally and clearly explained.

sources http://ctac.livejournal.com/23807.html
http://www.uznayvse.ru/interesting-facts/samoe-bolshoe-chislo.html
http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/quiz/310/

https://masterok.livejournal.com/4481720.html

Have you ever wondered how many zeros there are in one million? This is a pretty simple question. What about a billion or a trillion? One followed by nine zeros (1000000000) - what is the name of the number?

A short list of numbers and their quantitative designation

Ten (1 zero).
One hundred (2 zeros).
Thousand (3 zeros).
Ten thousand (4 zeros).
One hundred thousand (5 zeros).
Million (6 zeros).
Billion (9 zeros).
Trillion (12 zeros).
Quadrillion (15 zeros).
Quintillion (18 zeros).
Sextillion (21 zeros).
Septillion (24 zeros).
Octalion (27 zeros).
Nonalion (30 zeros).
Decalion (33 zeros).

Grouping zeros

1000000000 - what is the name of the number that has 9 zeros? It's a billion. For convenience, large numbers are grouped into three sets, separated from each other by a space or punctuation marks such as a comma or period.

This is done to make it easier to read and understand the quantitative value. For example, what is the name of the number 1000000000? In this form, it is worth a little naprechis, count. And if you write 1,000,000,000, then immediately the task becomes easier visually, so you need to count not zeros, but triples of zeros.

Numbers with too many zeros

Of the most popular are million and billion (1000000000). What is a number with 100 zeros called? This is the googol number, also called by Milton Sirotta. That's a wildly huge amount. Do you think this is a big number? Then what about a googolplex, a one followed by a googol of zeros? This figure is so large that it is difficult to come up with a meaning for it. In fact, there is no need for such giants, except to count the number of atoms in the infinite Universe.

Is 1 billion a lot?

There are two scales of measurement - short and long. Worldwide in science and finance, 1 billion is 1,000 million. This is on a short scale. According to her, this is a number with 9 zeros.

There is also a long scale, which is used in some European countries, including France, and was formerly used in the UK (until 1971), where a billion was 1 million million, that is, one and 12 zeros. This gradation is also called the long-term scale. The short scale is now predominant in financial and scientific matters.

Some European languages such as Swedish, Danish, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, German use a billion (or a billion) characters in this system. In Russian, a number with 9 zeros is also described for a short scale of a thousand million, and a trillion is a million million. This avoids unnecessary confusion.

Conversational options

In Russian colloquial speech after the events of 1917 - the Great October Revolution - and the period of hyperinflation in the early 1920s. 1 billion rubles was called "limard". And in the dashing 1990s, a new slang expression “watermelon” appeared for a billion, a million was called a “lemon”.

The word "billion" is now used internationally. This is a natural number, which is displayed in the decimal system as 10 9 (one and 9 zeros). There is also another name - a billion, which is not used in Russia and the CIS countries.

Billion = billion?

Such a word as a billion is used to denote a billion only in those states in which the "short scale" is taken as the basis. These countries are the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the USA, Canada, Greece and Turkey. In other countries, the concept of a billion means the number 10 12, that is, one and 12 zeros. In countries with a "short scale", including Russia, this figure corresponds to 1 trillion.

Such confusion appeared in France at a time when the formation of such a science as algebra was taking place. The billion originally had 12 zeros. However, everything changed after the appearance of the main manual on arithmetic (author Tranchan) in 1558), where a billion is already a number with 9 zeros (a thousand million).

For several subsequent centuries, these two concepts were used on a par with each other. In the middle of the 20th century, namely in 1948, France switched to a long scale system of numerical names. In this regard, the short scale, once borrowed from the French, is still different from the one they use today.

Historically, the United Kingdom has used the long-term billion, but since 1974 official UK statistics have used the short-term scale. Since the 1950s, the short-term scale has been increasingly used in the fields of technical writing and journalism, even though the long-term scale was still maintained.

The world of science is simply amazing with its knowledge. However, even the most brilliant person in the world will not be able to comprehend them all. But you need to strive for it. That is why in this article I want to figure out what it is, the largest number.

About systems

First of all, it must be said that there are two systems for naming numbers in the world: American and English. Depending on this, the same number can be called differently, although they have the same meaning. And at the very beginning it is necessary to deal with these nuances in order to avoid uncertainty and confusion.

American system

It will be interesting that this system is used not only in America and Canada, but also in Russia. In addition, it has its own scientific name: the system of naming numbers with a short scale. How are large numbers called in this system? Well, the secret is pretty simple. At the very beginning, there will be a Latin ordinal number, after which the well-known suffix “-million” will simply be added. The following fact will be interesting: in translation from Latin, the number "million" can be translated as "thousands". The following numbers belong to the American system: a trillion is 10 12, a quintillion is 10 18, an octillion is 10 27, etc. It will also be easy to figure out how many zeros are written in the number. To do this, you need to know a simple formula: 3 * x + 3 (where "x" in the formula is a Latin numeral).

English system

However, despite the simplicity of the American system, the English system is still more common in the world, which is a system for naming numbers with a long scale. Since 1948, it has been used in countries such as France, Great Britain, Spain, as well as in countries - former colonies of England and Spain. The construction of numbers here is also quite simple: the suffix “-million” is added to the Latin designation. Further, if the number is 1000 times larger, the suffix "-billion" is already added. How can you find out the number of zeros hidden in a number?

If the number ends in "-million", you will need the formula 6 * x + 3 ("x" is a Latin numeral).
If the number ends in "-billion", you will need the formula 6 * x + 6 (where "x", again, is a Latin numeral).

Examples

At this stage, for example, we can consider how the same numbers will be called, but on a different scale.

You can easily see that the same name in different systems means different numbers. Like a trillion. Therefore, considering the number, you still need to first find out according to which system it is written.

Off-system numbers

It is worth mentioning that, in addition to system numbers, there are also off-system numbers. Maybe among them the largest number was lost? It's worth looking into this.

Google. This number is ten to the hundredth power, that is, one followed by one hundred zeros (10,100). This number was first mentioned back in 1938 by scientist Edward Kasner. A very interesting fact: the global search engine "Google" is named after a rather large number at that time - Google. And the name came up with Kasner's young nephew.
Asankhiya. This is a very interesting name, which is translated from Sanskrit as "innumerable." Its numerical value is one with 140 zeros - 10140. The following fact will be interesting: this was known to people as early as 100 BC. e., as evidenced by the entry in the Jaina Sutra, a famous Buddhist treatise. This number was considered special, because it was believed that the same number of cosmic cycles are needed to reach nirvana. Also at that time, this number was considered the largest.
Googolplex. This number was invented by the same Edward Kasner and his aforementioned nephew. Its numerical designation is ten to the tenth power, which, in turn, consists of the hundredth power (that is, ten to the googolplex power). The scientist also said that in this way you can get as large a number as you want: googoltetraplex, googolhexaplex, googoloctaplex, googoldekaplex, etc.
Graham's number is G. This is the largest number recognized as such in the recent 1980 by the Guinness Book of Records. It is significantly larger than the googolplex and its derivatives. And scientists did say that the whole Universe is not able to contain the entire decimal notation of Graham's number.
Moser number, Skewes number. These numbers are also considered one of the largest and they are most often used in solving various hypotheses and theorems. And since these numbers cannot be written down by generally accepted laws, each scientist does it in his own way.

Latest developments

However, it is still worth saying that there is no limit to perfection. And many scientists believed and still believe that the largest number has not yet been found. And, of course, the honor to do this will fall to them. An American scientist from Missouri worked on this project for a long time, his work was crowned with success. On January 25, 2012, he found the new largest number in the world, which consists of seventeen million digits (which is the 49th Mersenne number). Note: until that time, the largest number was the one found by the computer in 2008, it had 12 thousand digits and looked like this: 2 43112609 - 1.

Not the first time

It is worth saying that this has been confirmed by scientific researchers. This number went through three levels of verification by three scientists on different computers, which took a whopping 39 days. However, these are not the first achievements in such a search for an American scientist. Previously, he had already opened the largest numbers. This happened in 2005 and 2006. In 2008, the computer interrupted Curtis Cooper's streak of victories, but in 2012 he regained the palm and the well-deserved title of discoverer.

About the system

How does it all happen, how do scientists find the biggest numbers? So, today most of the work for them is done by a computer. In this case, Cooper used distributed computing. What does it mean? These calculations are carried out by programs installed on the computers of Internet users who have voluntarily decided to take part in the study. As part of this project, 14 Mersenne numbers were identified, named after the French mathematician (these are prime numbers that are divisible only by themselves and by one). In the form of a formula, it looks like this: M n = 2 n - 1 ("n" in this formula is a natural number).

About bonuses

A logical question may arise: what makes scientists work in this direction? So, this, of course, is the excitement and desire to be a pioneer. However, even here there are bonuses: Curtis Cooper received a cash prize of $3,000 for his brainchild. But that's not all. The Electronic Frontier Special Fund (abbreviation: EFF) encourages such searches and promises to immediately award cash prizes of $150,000 and $250,000 to those who submit 100 million and a billion prime numbers for consideration. So there is no doubt that a huge number of scientists around the world are working in this direction today.

Simple Conclusions

So what is the biggest number today? At the moment, it was found by an American scientist from the University of Missouri, Curtis Cooper, which can be written as follows: 2 57885161 - 1. Moreover, it is also the 48th number of the French mathematician Mersenne. But it is worth saying that there can be no end to these searches. And it is not surprising if, after a certain time, scientists will provide us with the next newly found largest number in the world for consideration. There is no doubt that this will happen in the very near future.

Countless different numbers surround us every day. Surely many people at least once wondered what number is considered the largest. You can simply tell a child that this is a million, but adults are well aware that other numbers follow a million. For example, one has only to add one to the number every time, and it will become more and more - this happens ad infinitum. But if you disassemble the numbers that have names, you can find out what the largest number in the world is called.

The appearance of the names of numbers: what methods are used?

To date, there are 2 systems according to which names are given to numbers - American and English. The first is quite simple, and the second is the most common around the world. The American one allows you to give names to large numbers like this: first, the ordinal number in Latin is indicated, and then the suffix “million” is added (the exception here is a million, meaning a thousand). This system is used by Americans, French, Canadians, and it is also used in our country.

English is widely used in England and Spain. According to it, the numbers are named like this: the numeral in Latin is “plus” with the suffix “million”, and the next (a thousand times greater) number is “plus” “billion”. For example, a trillion comes first, followed by a trillion, a quadrillion follows a quadrillion, and so on.

So, the same number in different systems can mean different things, for example, an American billion in the English system is called a billion.

Off-system numbers

In addition to numbers that are written according to known systems (given above), there are also off-system ones. They have their own names, which do not include Latin prefixes.

You can start their consideration with a number called a myriad. It is defined as one hundred hundreds (10000). But for its intended purpose, this word is not used, but is used as an indication of an innumerable multitude. Even Dahl's dictionary will kindly provide a definition of such a number.

Next after the myriad is the googol, denoting 10 to the power of 100. For the first time this name was used in 1938 by an American mathematician E. Kasner, who noted that his nephew came up with this name.

Google (search engine) got its name in honor of Google. Then 1 with a googol of zeros (1010100) is a googolplex - Kasner also came up with such a name.

Even larger than the googolplex is the Skewes number (e to the power of e to the power of e79), proposed by Skuse when proving the Riemann conjecture on prime numbers (1933). There is another Skewes number, but it is used when the Rimmann hypothesis is unfair. It is rather difficult to say which of them is greater, especially when it comes to large degrees. However, this number, despite its "enormity", cannot be considered the most-most of all those that have their own names.

And the leader among the largest numbers in the world is the Graham number (G64). It was he who was used for the first time to conduct proofs in the field of mathematical science (1977).

When it comes to such a number, you need to know that you cannot do without a special 64-level system created by Knuth - the reason for this is the connection of the number G with bichromatic hypercubes. Knuth invented the superdegree, and in order to make it convenient to record it, he suggested using the up arrows. So we learned what the largest number in the world is called. It is worth noting that this number G got into the pages of the famous Book of Records.

June 17th, 2015

“I see clumps of vague numbers lurking out there in the dark, behind the little spot of light that the mind candle gives. They whisper to each other; talking about who knows what. Perhaps they do not like us very much for capturing their little brothers with our minds. Or maybe they just lead an unambiguous numerical way of life, out there, beyond our understanding.''
Douglas Ray

We continue ours. Today we have numbers...

But if you ask yourself: what is the largest number that exists, and what is its own name?

Now we all know...

There are two systems for naming numbers - American and English.

Only the number billion (10 9 ) passed from the English system into the Russian language, which, nevertheless, would be more correct to call it the way the Americans call it - a billion, since we have adopted the American system. But who in our country does something according to the rules! ;-) By the way, sometimes the word trillion is also used in Russian (you can see for yourself by running a search in Google or Yandex) and it means, apparently, 1000 trillion, i.e. quadrillion.

Let's go back to writing using Latin numerals. It would seem that they can write numbers to infinity, but this is not entirely true. Now I will explain why. Let's first see how the numbers from 1 to 10 33 are called:

And so, now the question arises, what next. What is a decillion? In principle, it is possible, of course, by combining prefixes to generate such monsters as: andecillion, duodecillion, tredecillion, quattordecillion, quindecillion, sexdecillion, septemdecillion, octodecillion and novemdecillion, but these will already be compound names, and we were interested in our own names numbers. Therefore, according to this system, in addition to those indicated above, you can still get only three - vigintillion (from lat.viginti- twenty), centillion (from lat.percent- one hundred) and a million (from lat.mille- one thousand). The Romans did not have more than a thousand proper names for numbers (all numbers over a thousand were composite). For example, a million (1,000,000) Romans calledcentena miliai.e. ten hundred thousand. And now, actually, the table:

Thus, according to a similar system, numbers are greater than 10 3003 , which would have its own, non-compound name, it is impossible to get! But nevertheless, numbers greater than a million are known - these are the very non-systemic numbers. Finally, let's talk about them.

There are different opinions about the origin of this number. Some believe that it originated in Egypt, while others believe that it was born only in Ancient Greece. Be that as it may, in fact, the myriad gained fame precisely thanks to the Greeks. Myriad was the name for 10,000, and there were no names for numbers over ten thousand. However, in the note "Psammit" (i.e., the calculus of sand), Archimedes showed how one can systematically build and name arbitrarily large numbers. In particular, placing 10,000 (myriad) grains of sand in a poppy seed, he finds that in the Universe (a ball with a diameter of a myriad of Earth diameters) would fit (in our notation) no more than 10 63 grains of sand. It is curious that modern calculations of the number of atoms in the visible universe lead to the number 10 67 (only a myriad of times more). The names of the numbers Archimedes suggested are as follows:
1 myriad = 10 4 .
1 di-myriad = myriad myriad = 10 8 .
1 tri-myriad = di-myriad di-myriad = 10 16 .
1 tetra-myriad = three-myriad three-myriad = 10 32 .
etc.

Googol (from the English googol) is the number ten to the hundredth power, that is, one with one hundred zeros. The "googol" was first written about in 1938 in the article "New Names in Mathematics" in the January issue of the journal Scripta Mathematica by the American mathematician Edward Kasner. According to him, his nine-year-old nephew Milton Sirotta suggested calling a large number "googol". This number became well-known thanks to the search engine named after him. Google. Note that "Google" is a trademark and googol is a number.

Edward Kasner.

On the Internet, you can often find mention that - but this is not so ...

Googolplex (English) googolplex) - a number also invented by Kasner with his nephew and meaning one with a googol of zeros, that is, 10 10100 . Here is how Kasner himself describes this "discovery":

Words of wisdom are spoken by children at least as often as by scientists. The name "googol" was invented by a child (Dr. Kasner"s nine-year-old nephew) who was asked to think up a name for a very big number, namely, 1 with a hundred zeros after it. He was very certain that this number was not infinite, and therefore equally certain that it had to have a name. a googol, but is still finite, as the inventor of the name was quick to point out.
Mathematics and the Imagination(1940) by Kasner and James R. Newman.

Even larger than the googolplex number, Skewes' number was proposed by Skewes in 1933 (Skewes. J. London Math. soc. 8, 277-283, 1933.) in proving the Riemann conjecture concerning prime numbers. It means e to the extent e to the extent e to the power of 79, i.e. ee e 79 . Later, Riele (te Riele, H. J. J. "On the Sign of the Difference P(x)-Li(x)." Math. Comput. 48, 323-328, 1987) reduced Skuse's number to ee 27/4 , which is approximately equal to 8.185 10 370 . It is clear that since the value of the Skewes number depends on the number e, then it is not an integer, so we will not consider it, otherwise we would have to recall other non-natural numbers - the number pi, the number e, etc.

But it should be noted that there is a second Skewes number, which in mathematics is denoted as Sk2 , which is even larger than the first Skewes number (Sk1 ). Skuse's second number, was introduced by J. Skuse in the same article to denote a number for which the Riemann hypothesis is not valid. Sk2 is 1010 10103 , i.e. 1010 101000 .

Steinhouse came up with two new super-large numbers. He called the number - Mega, and the number - Megiston.

In general, it looks like this:

I think that everything is clear, so let's get back to Graham's number. Graham proposed the so-called G-numbers:

G1 = 3..3, where the number of superdegree arrows is 33.

G2 = ..3, where the number of superdegree arrows is equal to G1 .

G3 = ..3, where the number of superdegree arrows is equal to G2 .

G63 = ..3, where the number of superpower arrows is G62 .

The number G63 became known as the Graham number (it is often denoted simply as G). This number is the largest known number in the world and is even listed in the Guinness Book of Records. And here