Pawning new garden, Novice Gardeners Planting New Trees. This procedure for them may seem very simple at first.

However, they often make significant mistakes, which are then impossible or very difficult to correct.

Spring planting according to the lunar calendar

Landing start

First of all, you need:

• draw up a plan of the entire area,
• determine your place for each landing,
• get an idea about the rules for planting shrubs and trees in the garden,
• choose varieties suitable for the area where the formation of the orchard is planned.

Decide on the choice of planting time (spring or autumn, while for each season it is necessary to clarify the dates that are intended for planting).

They should not be broken. Failure to comply with the deadlines leads to the death of plants.

Suitable for any agricultural practice set time of the year. Beginners don't experienced gardeners waiting for the onset warm weather to start gardening. By this time, the purchased seedlings are already beginning to bud. Spring planting begins with the end of the convergence of snow. Seedlings at this time are at rest.

Push to end boarding spring work fruit, as well as fruit trees, is served by swelling of the buds.

As soon as the dates are determined and the weather makes it possible to go out into the garden, you need to look into sowing calendar. He makes adjustments to the order of work. Each phase of the moon contributes to one or another salt landing event. Planting in the spring according to the lunar calendar makes it possible to correctly determine the most auspicious days. In addition, there is a period in which any agricultural practices are guaranteed to fail.

The start of all major work is usually in March. During this period, on the waning moon, branches are pruned and tree crowns are formed.

With the onset of April, the time comes when the planting of seedlings begins. fruit trees. You just need to choose a favorable day.

Spring landing according to the lunar calendar is done with the growing moon. In the waning phase, a favorable time comes to protect plantings from wintering pests.

Selection of planting material

With the landing date set, it's time to think about seedlings. Of great importance are:

• penetration depth ground water,
• land features,
• quality and soil composition,
• climatic conditions.

For example, planting in the spring in the Moscow region will be successful and contribute to the formation of a well-bearing, healthy garden, if you correctly select zoned species and tree varieties. The most suitable for gardens near Moscow will be those that have excellent frost-resistant qualities. These include:

• apple trees - White filling, Antonovka, Melba, Imrus, Medunitsa, Moscow winter,
• pears - Lada, Marble, Veles, August dew,
• plums - Blue gift, Renklod Leah, Moscow Hungarian, Late Vitebsk,
• cherries - Bulatnikovskaya, Assol, Generous,
• cherries - Revna, Tyutchevka.

Spring work in the Moscow region is carried out in accordance with generally accepted rules. The roots of the acquired seedlings should not dry out during transportation.

Planting Trees: Preparing Planting Holes

The survival rate of seedlings does not necessarily depend only on the dates determined by the lunar calendar. This event requires compliance with certain rules. Landing pits are prepared in advance. Their size depends on the characteristics of the fruit crop.

If the garden has dense clay soil, then the seats should be shallower and wider in diameter. When digging a hole upper layer soils are removed and placed separately, without mixing with others. This layer is fertile. Minerals must be added to it organic fertilizers and placed in seat. For planting one tree, you will need 2 or 3 buckets of humus, 3 buckets of peat, 1 kilogram of superphosphate and wood ash.

If there are no mineral fertilizers, then compost and humus will be enough. It is not necessary to use manure as a nutrient mixture, as it is customary to do in the "old fashioned way". It is quite capable of causing serious damage to the root system.

Seedling placement rules

Spring landing involves advance preparation of landing sites. They have been prepared since autumn. Holes are dug and half filled with rotted compost or manure. In the spring, young trees will be placed in them.

So, a seedling is placed in the prepared holes, from which the broken shoots are previously removed. Damaged roots are cut off and only healthy ones are left. But you should be aware that without special need the roots do not disturb, otherwise both the plant and the crop may suffer. If the roots are very dry during transportation, then they should be immersed in water for half a day or a day.

Before planting, the roots of the seedling are recommended to be immersed in clay talker. The best survival rate is shown by one- and two-year-old trees. When planting in the ground, attention is also paid to the position of the plant relative to the cardinal points. You need to plant in the orientation in which it was grown in the nursery.

The plant in the first years of life adapts to the conditions. Looking at young trees, it will be noticeable that its trunk has a heterogeneous color. The side of the trunk that was facing south will be darker than the side that was oriented north.

After placing the seedling in the ground, the pit is filled with a pre-prepared nutrient mixture. The trunk circle is covered from above with soil taken from the bottom landing pit. Planting is completed with abundant watering. It is necessary to ensure that the root neck of the tree after settling earth mixture was located at ground level. The trunk circle should be mulched with peat.

Hill Landing

This method is used in the close passage of groundwater. Landing on a hill is performed in a specific sequence.

1. Choose a place to land.
2. They drive in a stake.
3. The height of the support should be 1.5 m in height and thickness - at least 6-7 cm.
4. Around the stake, the soil is dug up by about 20 centimeters.
5. They have organic fertilizers (8 kg per 1 meter squared).
6. Then the seedling is attached to the support.
7. The roots are straightened.
8. Create a mound of nutrient earth mixture.
9. From above it is covered with turf.
10. In the process of growing a seedling, the near-stem circle must be increased by adding earthen mixture.

Seedling care

Spring planting involves the construction of special watering holes. Fruit tree seedlings require careful care and attention. Drying of the near-stem area should not be allowed. This requires regular watering, loosening the soil cover and removing weeds. It is important to protect against diseases and pests. Based on data Lunar calendar, watering should be done in May with a waning moon. Then pinching young shoots is carried out.

autumn planting

The most successful autumn time to update the southern or garden plot months are counted September and October.

This is the period when the trees are at rest, which means that the likelihood of survival at this time is significantly increased. In addition, in the process of adaptation, they will get sick less often.

According to experts, for autumn planting literally all types and varieties of trees are suitable, with the exception of only those that are overly sensitive due to the peculiarities of the vegetation of their species or variety, according to which winter period poorly tolerated. These species include apricot, cherry, peach, chestnut, walnut, as well as some species and varieties of southern plums.

Trees to plant in autumn

Of the fruit tree species, the most postpone autumn planting:

• Apple tree,
• pear,
• mulberry,
• cherry plum,
• cherry,
• mountain ash, as well as many plum varieties.

Experts note the following pattern: trees planted in autumn give more juicy and large fruits.

Planting seedlings

When planting in windy and clear weather, be sure to protect the plants from overdrying.

For ordinary two-year-old seedlings of apple, pear, cherry, apricot, sweet cherry and other crops grafted on a weakly growing rootstock, the hole diameter should be no more than 1.25 m, depth 0.5 m.

In the case of laying a garden on poor and sandy soil, the depth of the planting holes increases to 1 m.

landing technique

When planting a seedling, its root collar should be 5-6 cm above the soil level, since when the soil is compacted and settled, the seedling runs the risk of going a little deeper. When planting, the roots should also not be allowed to tangle or bend upwards.

Required for backfill top layer fertile soil. We do the backfilling ourselves so that the soil particles tightly surround all even the smallest branches of the root system.

When Not to Fall Planting

Sometimes plant seedlings in autumn time not recommended, in other words, it is better to postpone the landing in the spring.

Fall planting must be canceled if:

• according to forecasts, the winter period promises to be colder than usual, which can freeze young plants,
• in the area where the landing is planned, there is a large population of rodents (for example, field mice),
• garden area in winter time remains without appropriate protection, which does not exclude the possibility of theft of seedlings.

Landing Time

Fruit trees can be planted in spring and autumn. Planting dates depend on the climate of the area.

Most southern areas suggest a preference for autumn planting over spring. This is due to the fact that the southern autumn is very warm and long. Seedlings that have completed their growth in the nursery and are prepared for wintering, being planted in the garden, will take root for autumn period take root. Wounds on their roots, ending with scarring, form callus (sagging). Trees planted in autumn in early spring they will wake up, begin to grow, and thanks to this they will avoid a possible drought or survive it without difficulty.

When trees are planted in spring, plants immediately fall into drought, often fall ill and take root much worse.

In the northern regions and middle lane, as practice shows, top scores shows exactly spring planting. In springtime, there are no droughts here, and therefore the trees take root and “grab” well in the soil. When planted in autumn, trees, especially stone fruits, often freeze slightly or begin to suffer and deteriorate from winter desiccation.

In the Urals and Siberia, in areas where there is sufficient snow cover, fruit trees are planted in autumn, and in areas with insufficient snowfall and the absence of early dry winds in March-May - in spring.

Landing

All fruit trees bear fruit well on nutritious, deep and well loosened soil and grow actively on it. In accordance with this, the width and depth of the hole for the seedling are determined.

For annual seedlings, we dig a square hole of 55-60 cm in each side. For biennials - 100-120 cm. wide and 65-70 deep. In heavy and dense soil, it is necessary to specified values add 15-20 cm.

The excavated earth is mixed with well-rotted compost, a little sand must be added there. Now, at the bottom of the pit, it is necessary to add the amount of mineral fertilizers necessary for the type and age of the seedling. complex fertilizers, after which and sprinkle it with a layer of earth by 2.5-3 cm.

If a tree is planted with an open root system, then at the bottom of the hole it is necessary to pour a mound, on which the seedling should be installed. Then we straighten the roots and fall asleep.

We dig a small trench around the young tree and also pour mounds along its edges. In the hole, the earth should be slightly crushed and watered well. When the water is absorbed, we mulch the surface with sand, peat, dry earth, and also sawdust.

IMPORTANT! Do not deepen the root neck! It also should not be covered by a layer of mulch either.

The age-old question of gardeners and summer residents: “What and when to plant in the country, in order to subsequently receive good harvest? And this is a very good question, because right time this is the first stage in the rapid establishment of the root system of a tree or shrub.
In a couple, it happens that the plant was planted, and it seemed to be accepted, but now it does not bear fruit or gives a very small crop. The reason for this phenomenon may be precisely the wrong time for planting seedlings.

During the year, two seasons are suitable for updating the garden or planting completely new crops on your site, and many are aware that it is autumn or spring. But few people know what should be planted in the spring, and which plant is more suitable for autumn.

According to agrotechnicians, autumn is the time for planting seedlings of seedless and the bulk of berry bushes. It is only worth noting that the planting of any seedling or shrub requires compliance with a number of rules and, of course, it is necessary to take into account the features of not only the plant itself, but also the area where the planting is planned.

Benefits of planting trees and shrubs in the fall

What ornamental trees to plant in the fall in the country

Ornamental seedlings are more susceptible to soil temperature during planting. The ground warmed by the summer sun is more favorable for planting than the cold ground after winter.

You can plant as conifers, and deciduous, with the exception of oak with birch. Warm soil and regular watering will allow the root system to gain a foothold and take root in the selected area.

• larch;
• juniper;
• Canadian hemlock;
• pine;
• maple;
• fir;
• alder;
• poplar;
• ash;
• Linden;

What fruit trees and shrubs to plant in the fall in the country

Fruit trees, seedlings of which can be planted in a summer cottage:

• most varieties of plums;
• cherry;
• Apple tree;
• cherry plum;
• pear;
• Rowan;
• mulberry.

When planting shrubs, you need to remember that shrubs love sunny secluded places, without drafts and sheltered from the winds.

What shrubs to plant in the fall at their summer cottage:

• gooseberry;
• honeysuckle;
• black currant;
• Red currant.

Remember! The advice of agricultural technicians is not strict and categorical rules that must be followed unquestioningly. When planting seedlings of trees and shrubs, be sure to take into account the climatic conditions of the area.

Landing should be carried out at least a month before the onset of the first frost. Some varieties can be planted as early as September.

Watch the video on how to plant grapes with cuttings in the fall

How to plant trees and shrubs in the fall in the country

Seedlings, whether it be a tree or a shrub, require compliance with certain rules, the observance of which allows you to get a beautiful and fruitful garden that will delight all households.

Prepare the seedling for planting, at this stage it is necessary to cut off all the leaves on the seedling.
When choosing a seedling, pay attention to its standard part, it should be even and without damage. Seedling crown with well-formed main guide branches.

When digging a hole for planting, the earth must be divided into several parts, the top layer should be laid out separately and hard deep layers aside.
Having immersed the seedling in the hole, you need to take into account the fact that at the end the root collar should rise by 5 cm.

Remember that the width of the pit is several times larger than the root system of the seedling.

The top layer of soil must be mixed with humus, with the calculation of 1 bucket - for 1 seedling.
To speed up the process of engraftment of the seedling, you must add to the hole wood ash. Ideally, it is better to add superphosphates.

On top of the added fertilizer, then pour the earth mixed with humus. At this point, the hole should be 2/3 full. Set a peg in the hole and tie a seedling to it. Set the seedling as evenly as possible and only now fill it with the remaining soil. Gently tread the soil around the trunk.

When is it better to move the autumn planting to spring?

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In the case of a forecast of an extremely cold winter or severe frosts that deviate from the norm.
The presence of rodents. If the area is characterized by a population of certain rodents, such as field mice, then autumn landing is not recommended.
It is not worth planting seedlings in the fall if the site is left unattended for the winter and there are unscrupulous neighbors in the district.

What if you missed the landing period and frost on the doorstep?
Unfortunately, it happens as a couple that what you are looking for falls into the hands of the wrong people. right time, for example, a long-awaited seedling, found or purchased after all the allowable planting dates.

• Dropping.

Wrap with a damp cloth.

• Snowing.

Preservation in a cool place (basement or cellar with a temperature not higher than +10 °C).

Watch the video planting raspberry seedlings in the fall

Expert advice on autumn planting trees and shrubs

• When buying a seedling, pay attention to grafting, whether it exists at all in principle. Unfortunately, wanting to make a profit, some unscrupulous sellers offer a wild game, and not a grafted seedling.
• It is very easy to determine whether a seedling has been grafted, just look at the transition from the root system to the main trunk, if there is a zigzag shape, the seedling is grafted, if everything is absolutely even, then no grafting has been performed.
• Do not violate the rules of planting depth. Excessive deepening will result in very poor and rather late fruiting. A planted tree may begin to bear fruit in a few years, and not in the next season.
• Don't forget to compact the ground.
• When planting in the autumn, in no case make an irrigation hole around the seedling. Excessive moisture will not benefit the root neck.

Successful planting and abundant fruiting in your garden!

Alina Sokolova, especially for

With full copying or partial use of the material, an active link to www.!

The time is approaching for the autumn planting of seedlings of fruit trees and berry bushes. Recall some important rules selection and planting of seedlings. When choosing seedlings, pay attention to the quality of the graft: the scion and stock must match in diameter, one of them should not be allowed to be thicker and the other thinner. There may be a scar at the grafting site - a shovchik, but not an influx, a seedling with an influx can take root normally, but after a year or two it rots and breaks at the grafting site.

Planting seedlings in autumn begins with the selection of seedlings. It is very important to choose a seedling with a well-preserved root system. Highest value have small fibrous roots, they feed the plant. Thick tap roots will grow if the fibrous roots begin to work in a small plant immediately after planting.

Do not try to buy perennial seedlings. Often, one-two-year-olds take root better than three-year-olds and then outstrip them in development.

Carefully examine how many living buds are preserved on the grafted shoot, there should be at least four. Leaves, if they are on the seedling, must be removed immediately. A competent gardener should remove the leaves before digging up the seedling. They evaporate moisture from the cells of the plant and weaken it, reduce survival.

You should pay attention to the health of the plant. There should be no growths and thickening cones on the roots, the bark of the seedling should be even, smooth, without protruding scales and colored spots. Especially carefully inspect raspberry layers, often in recent times even nurseries sell planting material raspberries with purple spots on the stems.

Choosing a place to land

Choose a place for planting seedlings in the fall seriously - this is for several decades. Not a single fruit tree and not a single berry bush will develop well in the shade. Estimate how your trees will grow over time, whether they will create shading of the entire area. If your garden is in a lowland, where groundwater rises high enough in spring, it is better not to dig planting holes, but to plant plants on mounds without deepening the roots. If it turns out that the roots of the plant are flooded for some time, it may not die, but it will not bear fruit, because it will spend all its strength on the annual growth of the roots that died during the flooding.

Preparing landing pits

It is unacceptable to lay manure in the landing pits. They are filled with well-rotted compost, humus. On the acidic soils humus is mixed with lime. It is good to add double superphosphate to the hole. But in no case should urea, ammonium nitrate or other nitrogen fertilizers be placed in the planting hole in the fall. May be mixed with soil liter jar ash.

Planting pits are prepared in 3-4 days, the soil is well compressed so that it settles. If this is not done, after planting the plant, the earth in the hole will settle, when watering and raining, additional soil will be washed into the recess and the tree will be re-buried. This is also common cause poor growth seedlings in the first years and a long absence of fruiting. Raspberries, like fruit trees, do not like deepening. But gooseberries or currants can be planted deeper, the covered part of the stem will grow roots, the plant will only benefit from this.

Planting and caring for seedlings

After planting any seedling, whether it be raspberries or currants, apple trees or cherries, it must be watered very abundantly, but not with cold, but with settled water at a temperature environment. Watering is required not only to obtain moisture, but for better sedimentation of soil particles and their adhesion to the roots, where air remains, the roots will not grow and will not begin to nourish the plant.

If your garden is on heavy clay soils, you definitely need to arrange a hole with a drainage layer: put broken bricks, shards, cuttings of boards, pebbles, wood chips at the bottom of it.

When planting in the autumn, it is better not to prune, pinch, or shorten the seedling. You will do this in early spring, when it becomes clear how the wintering went, whether some of the kidneys died. Sometimes it is recommended to leave three buds on the main trunk. But if you do this in the fall, not everyone can survive until spring, and initially the plant will have to be formed incorrectly.

If you bought seedlings of apple, cherry or other fruit trees with a closed root system, that is, in a plastic container, there are some features when planting.

Firstly, such seedlings can be transplanted to permanent place at any time (of course, it is better to exclude hot July days). In addition, transplantation can be carried out at any age, starting from 6 months. Such young plants will develop very quickly and begin to bear fruit 1-2 years earlier than those planted with injured roots. The leaves on these seedlings are not cut off during transplantation. On the day of transplanting, watering the containers is not recommended, as when high humidity when removing the container from the roots, the soil lump can be disturbed. Watering is done the day before planting. For planting, a landing hole is prepared no later than a week in advance, filled with humus or compost, and bulk soil is strongly compacted (it can be watered two or three times). For planting a seedling, a hole is made with a depth slightly greater than the height of the container, well watered. The container is carefully unfolded or cut, trying not to shower or dislodge the ground of the root ball. A clod of earth with a seedling is carefully placed in a watered hole, covered with soil and watered again. After the water has been absorbed, mulch the trunk circle with sawdust, peat chips or simply mowed grass.

Many experienced gardeners plant fruit trees with equal success in autumn and spring. True, it is believed that the autumn planting of fruit trees is suitable mainly for the southern regions, for Siberia and the Urals (there, freshly planted plants are protected from severe winter frosts by a solid snow cover). For the northern and central regions, spring planting is more suitable - in extreme cases, the boles of seedlings are strengthened, hilling them for the upcoming winter.

When to plant?

The main rule of landing is that it should be carried out during the rest period. In the spring - this is the time from thawing the soil to the start of active sap flow, in the fall - after leaf fall, in preparation for winter sleep. The second dormant period lasts longer, and this is already a point in favor of the autumn planting.

In the spring - this is the time from thawing the soil to the start of active sap flow, in the fall - after leaf fall, in preparation for winter sleep

But usually the choice of gardeners is influenced by the fact that in autumn the range of seedlings offered by nurseries is much richer than in spring, and prices are usually more attractive. And it makes little sense to buy seedlings in the fall and leave them in a prikope until spring - the climate in last years unpredictable, and abnormally warm, and abnormally Cold winter could be fatal for such a winter.

toliam1 FORUMHOUSE Consultant

Both I and my clients plant everything only in the fall. Before winter is far away, the seedlings have time to get used to the ground, in warm winter Root growth is also possible. And in the spring immediately "to battle." When planting in the spring, one season is lost.

What to plant?

Planting trees in autumn has its own characteristics. For her, it is better to choose 1-2 year old seedlings with mature shoots - then the likelihood increases that the plant will endure the winter better. The shoots of the seedling along the entire length should be lignified, with fully formed buds.

Three-year-old seedlings are sold less often, but it’s for the better: at this age, the apple tree already has pretty decent roots, and when the plant is dug up for sale, they have to be severely cut. That is, serious wounds are inflicted on the tree, and it takes root much worse.

lulu FORUMHOUSE user

The older the apple tree, the longer and thicker its roots, the more wounds are inflicted during digging.

Zoned and winter-hardy varieties of fruit trees are suitable for autumn planting, for example, Siberian and Ural selection.

How well a plant will take root depends on the condition of the root system. Unfortunately, many have encountered the fact that plum or cherry seedlings freeze even during transportation to the country house, because their absorbent roots do not tolerate temperatures as low as +3 - +4 degrees. Unlike seedlings with ACS, seedlings with a closed root system practically do not suffer during planting (in fact, this is the same transshipment, and often plants hardly even notice it). But seedlings with ZKS must be of high quality: root system tightly held in a coma of earth, but did not braid it around, the seedling is not removed from the container easily and freely. It happens, unfortunately, and so, the seller does not grow a seedling in a container, but places it there before planting.

Tatuniki FORUMHOUSE user

When buying a seedling with ZKS, you should check if it grew in a pot, or if it was stuffed there before selling.

If you are not sure about the quality of such a seedling, it is better to buy good seedling with OKS.

The optimal time for the autumn planting of a fruit tree is two, or better, three weeks before frost. Depending on the region, this may be either the end of September or the end of October. During the “rest period”, the aerial part of the tree stops growing, but the roots grow until the soil temperature is higher than +4 degrees. It turns out that if you guess with the planting date, then before the onset of frost, new trees in your garden will have time to grow absorbent roots. And this means that in the spring they will begin to grow earlier than those planted in the spring, and the traditional spring vagaries of the weather will be met already strengthened.

If the roots of the seedling have dried up, it will be necessary to hold them in water for a day before planting.

How to plant?

FORUMHOUSE user Tamara Nikolaev plants fruit according to all the rules of horticultural science: with an assistant, in well-prepared pits measuring 1.5x1.3. And on average, the dimensions of the landing pits are usually as follows:

For trees on vigorous rootstocks:
120x80 cm (apple and pear),
100x60 cm (plums and cherries).
For semi-dwarf and dwarf:
80x50 cm.
The pit for the seedling with the ZKS should be twice as large as the container.

To protect against spring waterlogging, Tamara pours 30-40 cm of expanded clay at the bottom of the pit and prepares the soil in advance:

-3 buckets of rotted manure;
- 1 bucket of "native" soil;
- 2 buckets of good vegetable soil.

Any trees can be planted in such soil, and in the first year there will be no need to feed them. When preparing the soil, we must forget the phrase "nitrogen fertilizers" - and we remember that they include chicken and other bird droppings. In general, fertilizers must be applied very carefully when planting, as they can burn the roots. You can separate them from the roots with a layer of neutral soil, or you can not make them at all - wait until the trees "come to life" and bring them into the punctures. Sometimes it is recommended to apply peat - FORUMHOUSE experts say that it acidifies the soil, therefore, before applying, it will definitely need to be deoxidized.

Landing Tamara does this: expanded clay is poured into the bottom of the pit, leveling it; on top of a third of the pit, he adds the prepared soil, compacts it, spills it with water, pours the dry soil into a mound, gently spreads the roots over it.

The root neck of the planted seedling should be located exactly at the level of the soil, not deeper and not higher. .

A board is placed on top of the pit and the level of the root neck is checked - it should be located EXACTLY at the level of the board. That is, the root collar of the planted seedling should be located exactly at the level of the soil, not deeper and not higher. .

lulu FORUMHOUSE user

Look at the place where the trunk ends and the roots begin directly. This point of transition of the trunk to the roots should be at ground level. Strictly.

If the root neck is located high, the roots will be exposed, and over time the apple tree will dry out. If you deepen it, then it will constantly get wet and rot. Such a tree will turn green and even bloom, but you will not wait for the fruits from it.

After checking the level of the root collar, the assistant fills the hole with prepared soil and compacts it, then, regardless of the weather (let the soil settle quickly), the tree is well watered, decorated trunk circles and mulch them with peat.

Let's go back to the root neck again. Beginning gardeners often confuse it with grafting. There is such a gardening trick: take a damp cloth and rub it on the seedling where the root goes into the trunk. You will see a place where the brown root turns into a greenish trunk. This is exactly what this place is about.

When planting seedlings, it is important how the groundwater level is located on your site, and what is the composition of the soil. If the GWL is close, the roots of your young trees may be in the water. In principle, this can be avoided.