With the advent of spring, activities in summer cottages resume. This is a great time for gardeners to work hard to move into the waiting phase for the harvest. And so you want to make your work a little easier and enjoy the fruits from your garden a little faster. Therefore, most experienced gardeners prefer to do part of the planting work in the fall. This technique has a lot of advantages - no need to waste time in the spring and the opportunity to get early harvest. Usually garlic is planted under winter, but this article describes planting onions before winter. This stinging crop thrives well in the spring, but work must be done with particular care. In the article materials you will find helpful tips, a description of the organization of autumn planting, the subtleties of cultivation in various regions and the best cultivars.

Onion - description, photo

Allium is the scientific name of the genus. In nature, the plant develops as a perennial, but most cultivated forms are grafted with a biennial life cycle. Wild-growing representatives of the genus are widespread in the Northern Hemisphere - meadows, undergrowth and wide steppe are the favorite habitats of plants of the Amaryllis family, the Onion subfamily.

Informative! Lachrymation when cleaning turnips causes 1-sulfinylpropane. The reaction product of this lachrymator with water from the lacrimal glands is sulfuric acid, which causes merciless burning and lacrimation.

The underground part of the plant is represented by a bulb with a fibrous bundle of roots. The head diameter is up to 15 cm. The onion consists of several layers of scales. The outer ones dry out and turn into a protective shell. The color scheme is yellow, white and red-violet. The inner scales are white, fleshy.

Less common are specimens with a greenish or purple tint. In fact, the scales are reduced leaves that are attached to a shortened stem - the bottom. It serves to accumulate nutrients, has a characteristic odour. The aroma of the plant is caused by the content of essential oils containing sulfur compounds. Allicin causes irritation of the mucous membranes, is used by representatives of the genus Allium as a protection against pests. The sinuses of succulent scales contain growth buds from which daughter bulbs develop. Hollow leaves of a linear shape are collected in a basal rosette. The dark green plate is covered with a layer of bluish wax coating.

By the middle of summer, a powerful peduncle appears from the bottom, reaching a length of 1.5 m. The flower stalk is hollow, thickened, swollen. At the end is a large multi-flowered inflorescence in the form of an umbrella. Before flowering, the umbrella is covered with a film shell.

Flowers with a greenish-white corolla consist of 6 petals with 6-7 pronounced veins. Inside the corolla there are 6 stamens and a pistil attached to a three-celled ovary. Up to 6 small trihedral seeds are formed inside the fruit-box. Rarely, tiny onions form in the umbrella. Black wrinkled seeds remain viable for only 2-3 years, ripen by the end of summer.

Know! The essential oils of the culture easily penetrate into breast milk giving it an unpleasant taste. When breastfeeding, it is better to refrain from consuming raw onions. For the same reason, it is not advisable to graze animals in places where wild relatives of the plant grow.

Surprisingly, a burning vegetable contains up to 6-10% sugars. Approximately the same indicator green apples and watermelon. Onions are rich in inulin, organic acids, enzymes that improve digestion. B vitamins, ascorbic acid, salts of potassium, magnesium, calcium, iodine, carotene, phytoncides - not the whole list useful substances, which are part of the fleshy scales.

The beneficial properties of the plant were also noted by Avicenna, who advised treating angina and cataracts with the product. Ibn Sina noted the disinfecting properties of culture. The doctor recommended washing purulent wounds with juice, purifying polluted water, and escaping epidemics. At the same time, the ability of the vegetable to improve intestinal motility and stimulate appetite was revealed.

Culture has been used by man since ancient times as a seasoning for various dishes. Harvest is consumed fresh, canned, dried, added to salads and soups. The ancient Egyptians used beneficial features for the treatment of obesity, rheumatism, gout. The Romans believed that the daily consumption of bulbs would give strength and courage to the soldiers, so the crop was included in the diet of the soldiers.

It is interesting! The plant is a valuable honey plant, capable of giving pollinators a lot of nectar even in the heat. By the time of ripening, light yellow honey loses its characteristic flavor.

Even modern medicine has recognized the benefits of the product and has released a number of drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, hypertension and colpitis. Asian guest used in folk medicine and cosmetology. It perfectly strengthens hair, treats seborrhea, reduces freckles, prevents skin aging.

Features of planting onions before winter

Gardeners who decide on should know that not every cultivar is suitable for this. This method is especially frightening for residents of frosty regions - Siberia, the Urals. Experienced vegetable growers recommend using cultivars strictly in accordance with their zoning. Of course, they must have a high winter hardiness threshold.

The second nuance of cultivation is the careful sorting of the material. The smaller the bulb, the more likely successful wintering in the ground. For these purposes, only the first category of bulbs and oatmeal are suitable, the diameter of which does not exceed 1 cm.
It is also important to choose the right time for planting, because the appearance of sprouts is unacceptable. If you plant a garden bed early, they will certainly look out and ruin the future crop. If planting is too late, the material will simply lie in the ground and will develop only with the advent of spring (if it does not freeze due to lack of moisture). The organization of shelter from freezing is necessary only in regions with harsh climatic conditions.

Advice! As planting material seeds can be used. During the cold period, they will undergo natural stratification and give good harvest sevka.

What varieties of onions are suitable for planting before winter

Only frost-resistant hybrids zoned for your region are suitable for winter planting. They tolerate frosts more easily, and with the advent of spring they quickly start growing, have excellent germination rates. Give preference to early-ripening cultivars, then the harvest can be harvested at the end of June. Southern varieties are categorically not suitable for winter planting, they simply freeze. In order not to miscalculate for sure, select several cultivars, and after receiving the harvest, mark the most productive ones.

Gardeners preferred the following varieties:

• Ellan;
• Strigunovsky;
• Arzamas;
• Odintsovets;
• Ruby;
• Stuttgarten Riesen;
• Chalcedony;
• Bessonovsky;
• Buran;
• Danilovsky-301;
• Myachkovsky-300.

Advice! The most productive are Ellan, Bessonovsky and Strigunovsky. They combine high productivity, early ripening and good frost resistance.

After which crops is it better to plant onions

Compliance with crop rotation on the site allows you to achieve high yield. If a cultivated plants constantly planting in the same place increases the likelihood of their infection with fungi and pests, soil structure is disturbed, nutrients are depleted. It is important to choose the right predecessors, because most cultures have some diseases. If from year to year the plants “roam” around the site, the risk of catching a disease or being attacked by pests will be significantly reduced.

As predecessors for representatives of the genus Allium, it is preferable to choose corn, tomatoes, cruciferous, green manure, tomatoes, cucumbers, peas, root crops, and beans. Can be planted after any cereal except oats.

The closest relative - garlic is not suitable as a predecessor. It is permissible to plant beds with "relatives" only after 4 years. The risk of nematode damage increases when potatoes, strawberries, celery root, parsley, and alfalfa are planted at the site of growth.

Landing dates

Most gardeners are skeptical about the winter planting of vegetables. But this method is gaining more and more popularity due to the possibility of early harvest of the long-awaited harvest. Indeed, by spring, the cost of vegetables and fruits steadily increases several times. This is due to the end of last season's stocks and a long wait for a new harvest.

Important! The decisive factor in determining the optimal time is the climate of the region of cultivation.

You already know what will happen to the bulbs during early and late planting, so strictly follow the rule for choosing the optimal time for holding autumn work. It comes a month before the expected frost in the region. Such a time period will be enough for the material to root, but it will not be enough for the development of sprouts. Better navigate the landing winter garlic in your region. When the soil cools down, and the thermometer stays at + 5⁰ for several days, it's time to start.

For regions with a cold climate, it is better to do planting work from mid-September to early October. In a temperate climate, it is permissible to extend the period until the end of October, and in the South it is safe to transfer the sowing season to November. But you need to rely on weather conditions in any area.

Processing onions before planting

Pre-planting preparation of sevka should be done 10 days before the planned event. First, sort the material into fractions. There are several categories, each of which is suitable for certain purposes. Oatmeal - tiny onions less than 1 cm in diameter. An average turnip weighing 60-100 g will form from them. In any case, this fraction will either have to be thrown away or used only for winter sowing, since it will simply dry out before spring.

The next category is called sevkom. Its diameter reaches 1.5-3 cm, but it is better to take smaller bulbs. They will grow large and will keep for a long time. Samples larger than 3 cm in diameter are usually planted in spring. For the purpose described, it will fit as a producer of green feathers, because by the summer it will certainly release a peduncle.

Attention! Select only healthy, firm specimens without signs of spoilage. When sorting, you should not cut off the neck, because your goal is to get a turnip, not a feather.

The next stage of preplant preparation is disinfection. Although it is not supposed to soak the bulbs before winter sowing, they should still be pickled. Do this at least a week before planting in the garden. This time is enough for the sevka to dry out. Usually soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 6 hours or use the "grandmother's method". A saline solution is prepared for it at the rate of 1 tablespoon of the component per liter of water. First, hold the heads in a saline solution for 3 hours, and then the same amount of time in potassium permanganate.
Dry the bulbs in the attic for a week. Turn occasionally to dry evenly. Re-examine the material for damage.

In order for an Asian guest to grow well, it is necessary to correctly determine his place in the garden. He loves the sun and warmth, prefers light loose substrates with good drainage. It is important to choose a place on a hill where, with the advent of spring, the snow melts faster, and moisture stagnation is excluded. Otherwise, growth will slow down or the onion will rot. The southern slope of the garden is ideal for creating beds. Make sure that there are natural barriers nearby that will protect the plant from the wind. Asian sandy soils with the addition of humus or light fertile loams are suitable.

The preparatory stage includes digging on a shovel bayonet with the introduction of organic matter. Mature compost or humus is suitable as a fertilizer. It is added 5 kg per square meter beds. You can additionally make a complete mineral complex of 20 g per 1 m2. Immediately before planting, powder the soil with ash.

Attention! The use of fresh manure is unacceptable. It will become a nutrient substrate for the development of diseases, cause a burn.

Planting an onion on a turnip

To facilitate landing work, we recommend that you read the following instructions:

1. On the prepared site, form a bulk bed up to 20 cm high. It is better to do it in advance so that the soil shrinks.
2. The length of the beds is arbitrary, and it is better to make the width no more than a meter.
3. Carefully break up all the lumps with a rake, if weeds have time to appear, be sure to remove them.
4. Form grooves 5 cm wide, in 15 cm increments.
5. At the bottom of the furrow, lay out the prepared planting material (oatmeal or small seedlings). Step between bulbs 5-7 cm.
6. The depth of embedding oatmeal and fine fraction is 3 cm.
7. Fill the furrow with soil, compact.

This completes the planting process, the planted onions will not need additional irrigation. Be sure to follow the recommended level of termination. If you deepen the bulb, it will not have enough strength to germinate. If the level is too close to the ground, the bulbs become susceptible to frost.

Onion care after planting in the fall

If after planting the weather is dry for a long time, you can periodically water the bed. Observe the interval between irrigations of 10 days. With the onset of stable cold weather, lay mulch on top of the beds. Deciduous or coniferous litter will do.

Know! It is undesirable to take peat and straw, as they freeze, and with the advent of spring it will be quite difficult to remove the mulch without damaging the seedlings.

To hold more snow cover, use branches or spruce branches. The use of film and covering material is not recommended. In the spring, under the film, the bulbs run the risk of getting wet from an excess of moisture, and the covering material will seize with an ice shell and impede the flow of oxygen. It is better to periodically rake it into the garden after snow falls. He will provide the best protection from freezing.

How to plant onions before winter in the suburbs

The climatic conditions of the Moscow region are changeable, but not so severe. The principles of winter landing described in the article are quite applicable to this region. The organization of a winter shelter is obligatory, since the temperature background in the Moscow region can fluctuate sharply. In severe frost, your ray will overwinter remarkably under shelter and snow, which, if necessary, must be raked into the garden.

What varieties are suitable for the Moscow region

In the Moscow region, it is advisable to use hybrids that are resistant to harsh climatic conditions. It is also important to make a choice according to your own preferences, because some people like a burning vegetable, while others prefer a milder taste. It is necessary to take into account the productivity of the plant, the ripening time, the keeping quality of the product. It is better if the cultivar is complexly resistant to various diseases.

The best varieties in terms of productivity, endurance

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the best varieties of culture that will delight you with large heads and adequately endure the cold season:

1. Shakespeare. The features of this Dutch hybrid include over early dates maturation. It will be ready for harvest in 75 days. It is not subject to shooting, it comprehensively resists various diseases. The heads are large, weigh 100-250 g, have a rounded shape. Dense pulp has a semi-sharp taste, snow-white color and increased juiciness. Integumentary scales are painted in yellowish-brown tones. The culture is hardy.
2. Siberian annual. Another early maturing cultivar with a semi-sharp taste. Its golden flat-round heads will ripen in 2-2.5 months. The mass of the bulb reaches 150-200 gr, the keeping quality is excellent. The productivity is 4 kg/sq. m. Siberian annual cold-resistant.
3. Radar. Cultivar of Dutch selection with strong integumentary scales of a golden hue. Such a shell reliably protects the head from freezing, which affects the absence of arrows and the duration of storage. Rounded turnips are slightly flattened from above, weighing from 300 to 500 g. A powerful root system makes the culture resistant to pest attack. The combination of high productivity and early maturation has made Radar very popular.
4. Ellan. A novelty on the market, combining high yields, ultra-early ripening, unpretentiousness. Ellan is complex resistant to fungal diseases, forms rounded fruits weighing 100-120 cm. Dense yellow scales reliably protect against freezing. Taste qualities are highly appreciated by experts. Lachrymation during cutting is minimal.
5. Senshui. Early maturing hybrid with high productivity. Its rather large heads weigh up to 200 g, have a sharp taste and are perfectly stored. Among the advantages is the absence of peduncles and immunity to powdery mildew.
6. Centurion. This hybrid is characterized by the formation of heads of medium size, weighing up to 150 g. The crop has a high marketability, is stored for a long time and ripens very early. Centurion does not shoot, stable and productive.
7. Sturon is easy to recognize by the characteristic oblong-oval shape of the fruit with a golden cover. The weight of the head is up to 200 g, the taste is spicy. Ripening occurs in 100-110 days. Sturon is frost-resistant, unpretentious, high-yielding.
8. Arzamas. This early ripening variety has long shown excellent results. It matures in 80-90 days, forms a rounded turnip weighing up to 100 g. A dense, burning flesh is hidden under the yellow cover. Productivity is good, storage is long. Arzamas is hardy, but prone to downy mildew.
9. Stuttgarter Riesen. The popular German hybrid is highly productive. The time spent on growing crops is minimal, care is very simple. The mass of a flattened yellowish head reaches 150-250 g. Delicate sharpness in taste makes the hybrid attractive to cooks. Transportability and keeping quality at a height.
10. Panther F1. The hybrid was bred by Japanese breeders. It has an increased foliage and a developed root lobe. It is not attacked by pests, it is resistant to frost and the appearance of peduncles. Bronze heads reach a weight of 200 g, they are perfectly stored.
11. Chalcedony. The most resistant hybrid successfully tolerates frost, drought and fungal diseases. Heads are large up to 150 g, productivity is high. Under the bronze cover hides a juicy semi-sharp white flesh.
12. Danilovsky. One of the best cultivars for both direct consumption and long-term storage. Its beautiful flat bulbs are red in color and have a sweet and savory taste. Under the cover lies a very juicy white flesh. Productive, frost-resistant, reaches a weight of 150 gr.
13. Myachkovsky-300. Early ripening lettuce with small flat yellow turnips. Fruit weight 50-70 gr. It is consistently productive, has high juiciness and a pleasant semi-sharp taste. It is stored for a short time, suitable for conservation.

Know! When planting oatmeal, frost resistance is not very important.

These tiny bulbs will overwinter well if they do not belong to the heat-loving southern varieties.

Planting onions in 2017 in the Moscow region according to the lunar calendar

The lunar calendar has been a constant companion of gardeners since ancient times. Even then, people noted the influence of a small star on various processes on Earth. Gardeners still prefer to select the optimal days for various work on the site.

During the growth of the lunar disk, the circulation of plant juices is concentrated in the upper part of the crops. The moon seems to be pushing the plant to direct all its forces to growth. When the disk decreases, the juices move down. This period is favorable for root crops. Twice a month there are days when it is better to postpone planting and take time to clean the weeds. It's about the full moon and the new moon.

On a note! Since the Asian guest forms fruits underground, it is advisable to plant it when the lunar disk decreases.

According to the lunar calendar of 2017, in September, 9, 14, 17, 20 are optimal for winter landing. It is worth refraining from work on the 6th and 20th. You should not do them on October 5 and 19. This month, you can select the time of 6-9, 16-17 numbers. If you are a supporter of too late disembarkation, you can do this on November 6, 7, 12-14.

Planting onions before winter in the Urals

The climate in the Urals is unfriendly and harsh, so those who decide to plant a vegetable in the described way should slightly shift the time of work. So that the bulbs have time to sprout roots, but do not freeze, plant them closer to the end of September. Be sure to purchase local planting material, as it has already been acclimatized to the conditions of the growing area. It is not worth thinking about buying southern cultivars even in the Moscow region, and in the Urals it is imperative to take only cold-resistant species. Without shelter, the tiny oatmeal will freeze to death, depriving you of an early harvest.

Planting onions before winter in Siberia

The success of the cultivation of winter onions in Siberia is possible only with strict observance of the deadlines and the favor of the weather. Among the hybrids, give preference to the most resistant to frost and carefully cover the bed. If in the spring you find a part of the bulbs freezing out, it is worth planting a set of large fractions in place of the gaps, and in the fall try another variety.

Onion sets - planting before winter

Using a set of small fractions will allow you to get excellent heads by mid-summer. If you want to use vitamin feathers soon after the snow melts, you should give preference to a sample or a large fraction with a head diameter of more than 2 cm. You need to plant such bulbs in different ways, but you will learn exactly how later.

Varieties and benefits of planting before winter

The choice of a particular cultivar depends on climate zone cultivation, but there are also universal varieties that can be planted both in the Moscow region or in Ukraine, and in colder climates. For example, Ellan, Stuttgarter Riesen, Danilovsky, Red Baron, Strigunovsky and Arzamasky.
The advantages of the winter type of cultivation include:

• low cost and a large selection of planting material;
• the ability to get excellent heads from small oatmeal;
• lack of arrows when landing oatmeal;
• early ripening of the crop;
• the ability of the turnip to independently protect itself from the onion fly (by the time the larvae appear on the bottom, a dense root lobe will grow, which prevents the passages from being gnawed out);
• extended terms of work, saving time for work;
• the ability to harvest two crops of different crops from one site;
• excellent keeping quality of assembled heads.

Know! This cultivation method is attractive to farmers selling vegetables from their land. The heads will ripen earlier, their cost at this time will be slightly higher.

How to prepare a bed for onion sets

Whatever fraction you choose for planting material, the preparation of onions, soil and beds is carried out in accordance with the recommendations described in the article.

Planting sevka before winter

It is performed in the same way as described in the article, but the depth of embedding, the distance between the instances varies.
The larger the fraction, the deeper it is to immerse the bulb in the ground. The fleshy layers accumulate moisture, which is why they can quickly freeze out. Ovsyuzhka is immersed in the ground by 3 cm, and large sets are deepened to 5-7 cm. At least 10 cm are left in the row between large bulbs.

How to care for such a bow in the spring

With the advent of spring, it is necessary to remove the mulch from the garden. This is done after the snow has melted. Immediately feed the hatched onion so that it gets stronger and is not afraid of frost. The best top dressing becomes wood ash. Put fertilizer on the bed at 10 g per square meter, then gently loosen the ground.

In the spring, there is enough moisture in the soil for the normal development of the vegetable, so the turnips will quickly begin to gain weight. Irrigate the bed periodically, using up to 10 liters of water per square meter of area. In dry weather, it is better to water the onion bed twice a week. A day after irrigation, provide oxygen to the roots by loosening the top layer of the earth.

Advice! By the time of active vegetation of the crop, flower seedlings will grow up.

Use tagetes or calendula seedlings to repel pests. When the outlet grows 4 leaves, you should re-feed. Use chicken or mullein, garden infusion, potassium-phosphorus complex. If too thick, thin out. Extra heads will come in handy for replenishing vitamins. The crop will ripen by mid-summer.

Conclusion

As you can see, planting onions before winter has many nuances. But with their implementation, it is quite possible to achieve an excellent harvest, which will ripen almost a month earlier than usual.

Foreword

Planting onion sets before winter avoids many of the inconveniences of spring planting. In order not to blunder in the fall, let's figure out what steps need to be taken?

Varieties and benefits of planting sevka before winter

Onion is an extremely popular plant that can be found in literally every area. But this root crop is quite capricious. For example, in dry weather, it can throw out arrows, and in damp weather it begins to rot. You can solve these problems if you switch to planting onion sets for the winter. If certain simple rules you can get a generous harvest before anyone else - in the month of July.

The method of autumn planting onion sets has a number of advantages over the traditional spring one. In this case, you will be able to harvest almost a month earlier than usual. Moreover, onions planted before winter are not afraid of a dry spring. After all, the seedlings will be able to feed on melting snow. Before the onset of the summer heat, you do not have to spend time watering the root crop.

Also, onion sets planted before winter are distinguished by increased vitality and a strong, well-developed rhizome. This method provides the gardener with the opportunity to divide planting work into autumn and spring period which greatly simplifies his work. Onion sets, planted before winter, give friendly and uniform shoots. And the harvested root crops are larger, juicy, fragrant.

The presented planting method allows you to protect the plant from such dangerous pest like an onion fly. Indeed, during the emergence of seedlings, the insect is still in hibernation. Onions planted before winter are not prone to arrow formation, fungal infections or rotting. The autumn planting method provides higher yields. And the bulbs grown from the sevka planted in the fall are perfectly preserved until the very spring. And you can store them not only in the cellar, but also at home.

But not every onion is good for planting in the fall, first of all you will need to decide on the varieties. The most suitable for this will be specially designed onion subspecies, which are characterized a high degree cold resistance. The following are considered to be the most famous and unpretentious: Bessonovsky, Arctic, Ellan, Stuttgarter, Uralsky, Danilovsky, Radar, Strigunovskiy and Sibiryak. The heat-loving southern varieties of onions are not suitable for planting under the snow, because as soon as the time comes for the first cold weather, the seedlings in the frozen ground will simply die.

Preparing a bed for onion sets

Of course, you should start by choosing a landing site. The beds must certainly be well lit, as well as blown by the breeze. It is not recommended to plant sevok in the ground where garlic, beets or carrots used to grow. And one more little secret: this plant simply does not tolerate excessive moisture, so choose a place for its location that is not subject to stagnant melt or rainwater.

Now it's time to prepare the soil. To begin with, the site must be thoroughly weeded, clearing it of weeds. And then the soil must be thoroughly dug up and saturated with a mixture of ash and humus. Superphosphate is also perfect for these purposes, organic fertilizers or compost. And the third step preparatory phase will be the pre-planting processing of the bulbs.

If you want to achieve high yields, the seedlings also need to be properly prepared before autumn planting. There are two popular processing methods. In the first case, the tubers are wiped with a solution blue vitriol. The second option: the bulbs should be placed in boiling water for just a few moments. These manipulations will protect the plant from possible fungal diseases, as well as summer shooting.

For more active growth of tubers, immediately before planting in the ground, it is recommended to wrap the bulbs in a cloth, place them in glassware and send for one and a half minutes in the microwave.

When to carry out all these preparatory activities? The ideal onion set is the interval between the 5th and 20th of October. It is very important to do this before the onset of severe frosts, in order to give the onions a chance to properly take root and gain a foothold in the soil. So by October you should already buy planting material, decide on a place and prepare yourself for work.

Planting sevka before winter - simple rules

So, when the time came to the scheduled date, the first preparatory measures were carried out, and the bed was dug up, you can start planting. To get started, work the site of the future onion plantation with a rake to level the topsoil. Form the basis for the beds and carefully loosen the area. According to experienced gardeners, the ideal height onion beds a level of 20 cm is considered, and a width of 100 cm.

At the next stage, you will need to make special grooves about 4 cm deep. At the same time, keep in mind that they should be at a distance of approximately 25–30 cm from each other. Carefully place the pre-treated and dried onion sets in the grooves formed. Please note that the distance between the tubers should not be less than 10 cm.

Further, the planted bulbs must be covered with humus and peat mixture for several centimeters. Finishing the process, carefully level the surface of the landing site with reverse side rake. If harsh, frosty winters are expected, then onion sets should be additionally insulated. To do this, cover the beds with a layer of fallen leaves, and sprinkle with loose snow on top. On this landing can be considered over!

How to care for such a bow in the spring?

Further care for onion sets planted before winter is quite simple. As soon as spring arrives, remove the protective leaf cover from the beds and clear the snow to avoid water accumulation during the thaw. After that, fertilize the earth with urea. Then the place of the onion plantation should be loosened. Do this carefully so as not to injure the sprouts. When all the seedlings sprout, the bed will need to be thinned out. The distance between the bulbs should be about 5-7 cm.

When the process of tuber formation begins, feed the culture with fertilizers that include sodium and phosphorus. Summer residents with experience are advised to use liquid top dressing for this purpose, since it is believed that it is better and faster absorbed. Another recharge option is fermented infusions of medicinal herbs with the addition of ash and humus.

In order to protect young onion sets from all kinds of pests, it is recommended to lay out layers of herbs such as tansy, wormwood or yarrow on the site. Water the bed should be from May to mid-June. Further moisture can cause tubers to rot.

Harvesting, sorting and storage

In order for the onion crop to be well preserved, it is also recommended to follow a few simple rules. It usually ripens by the beginning of July. After the foliage of the plant has died, it will be necessary to pull the tubers out of the ground and dry thoroughly. Experienced gardeners consider the main sign of a perfectly dried onion to be the easy separation of its leaves and roots.

Harvesting is best planned on warm and dry days. Immature bulbs are not subject to long-term storage, so they should be set aside separately and added to food as soon as possible. harvested it is recommended to sort, taking into account the size of the tubers. It is believed that large bulbs are best suited for long-term storage. Medium-sized tubers (approximately 4-5 cm) are ideal for planting in boxes for green onions. Small sets are recommended to be left for subsequent plantings.

It is difficult to surprise anyone with winter garlic, but the autumn planting of onions is still a curiosity for many. And indeed, planting onions before winter is just beginning to gain popularity, more and more confidently winning the hearts of our gardeners every year.

The advantages of growing winter onions are quite obvious:

• You can use the smallest set of oatmeal, which cannot be saved until spring;
• The bulbs take root in the fall, and in the spring, with the first warmth, they begin active growth, making full use of the melted moisture;
• Seedlings gain strength before weeds and before pests become interested in them;
• The feather of such an onion, as a rule, is more juicy than that of a planted in spring, and the bulbs are larger;
• An early harvest makes it possible to obtain commercial benefits, because in the off-season the price is higher.

In fact, everyone will be able to highlight for himself the benefits and possible disadvantages of winter onion planting, for this it is enough to experiment with different varieties.

In the photo, onion sets of the Studgarten Riesen variety of the first category (from 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter)

Onion varieties for winter planting

One of necessary conditions a good crop of onions planted in autumn is the choice of a variety suitable for winter planting. It must be a proven cold hardy variety:

Studgarten Riesen, Radar, Shakespeare, Ellan, Kipp-Vell, Red Baron, Gladstone, Burgos, Strigunovsky, Bessonovsky and others.

Southern varieties are unsuitable for planting before winter, due to the high risk of freezing or shooting.

Winter onion planting is carried out at the same time as garlic, about 2 weeks before the onset of stable cold weather, when the average daily air temperature is set at + 5 ° C. Then the sevok will have time to take root before the onset of cold weather, but will not have time to grow and will winter well.

Onion sets are distinguished by caliber:

• Oatmeal - diameter less than 1 cm;
• The first category - 1 - 1.5 cm;
• The second category - 1.5 - 3 cm;
• Samples - 3 cm or more.

For planting onions on the head, oatmeal sets and the first category of bulbs are well suited, such seed does not form arrows and forms large healthy bulbs.

If, on the contrary, you want to get an early harvest of onions for greens, then you should choose a larger seed, it gives a more powerful feather, but it is almost guaranteed to shoot.

The place for planting onions should be bright, well lit throughout the day, ventilated, without stagnant water.

The soil is loose, fertile, neutral, well fertilized with humus or compost.

Predecessors can be almost all garden crops, except for onions.

It is undesirable to plant onions or garlic in one place for several years in a row. Have a seed shift.

After harvesting the previous crops (potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, etc.), humus is introduced into the soil, mixed with top layer soil with a flat cutter or a chopper (cultivator) and green manure is sown (for example, white mustard). Approximately two weeks before the supposed planting of onions, green manure must be mowed and embedded into the soil to a depth of 5 cm. If you do not have enough time for intermediate cultivation of green manure, you can add humus immediately two weeks before planting onions.

In the prepared soil, we make grooves about 5 cm deep, the distance between rows is 15 - 25 cm.

The distance between the bulbs in a row is 8 - 10 cm (when planting onions on a feather, the planting density increases significantly). Bulbs are planted in rows with roots down, and the grooves are covered with earth.

After the onset of cold winter landings onions, it is recommended to mulch with organic material (straw, leaves, peat, sawdust, etc.) - this will create optimal conditions for wintering. But in the spring, with the onset of heat, the mulch should be carefully moved from the rows to the aisles so that the soil near the bulbs warms up faster. It is not necessary to remove the mulch from the aisles, it will prevent the growth of weeds, retain moisture and gradually decompose, supply root system nutrient elements.

In general, caring for winter onions is no different from planted in spring. This is timely weeding and loosening of the soil, and during the period of active growth - moderate watering a couple of times a week.

Advice:

We recommend trying the combined planting of onions and carrots. These two cultures not only do not create obstacles for each other's growth, but also perfectly complement each other, protecting against pests: onions protect carrots from carrot flies, and carrots, in turn, drive away onion flies. You can sow carrots in onion aisles, to save space on the site, or in neighboring beds.

With the onset of autumn, not only harvesting is carried out, but also the planting of certain types of vegetables. One of these vegetables is onions. If you start planting a plant before winter, then in June you can get a crop.

This has several advantages:

1. You don't have to store onion sets all winter. If stored for a long time, it may dry out.
2. If planted in the fall, the drought in the spring will no longer be terrible for him.
3. Onions planted in October take root well in the soil, subsequently do not form leaves.
4. The plant tolerates winter well and by the summer you can harvest a quality crop.
5. The ascended onion does not allow itself to be attacked by weeds and diseases.
6. Spring is free for sowing the garden with other crops.

Choosing the best variety for planting before winter

The main rule is to take into account the thermophilicity of the variety.

Heat-loving varieties can die when cold weather sets in, so a number of proven varieties for planting before winter have long been known:

1. Ellan.
2. Strigunovsky.
3. Bessonovsky.
4. Arctic.
5. Kip Well.
6. Radar.
7. Sunshine.
8. Shakespeare.

The most popular are two varieties: Strigunovsky and Bessonovsky. These varieties are early maturing and will yield the fastest crop. It is better to experiment and plant several varieties in the garden at once. This will help you decide on a variety that is more suitable for you.

When choosing a suitable variety, the following criteria should be considered:

1. Frost resistance.
2. Ease of maintenance.
3. Germination.
4. Ripening time.
5. Bulb size.
6. Taste qualities.

Choosing a place, time and landing conditions before winter

Usually, the best time for landing is in October-early November, a month before the permanent cold. Main condition - temperature regime. It is necessary to track that during the day the temperature is not lower than 0 degrees and not higher than +5 degrees, and at night it does not fall below -5 degrees.

If you do not follow these rules and land in warm weather, the onion may “get lost” with the weather and begin to grow out of time. You should track the weather in your region, someone in November already has frost and snow, and someone else is warm.

Several Yet mandatory conditions for landing:

1. Do not plant in a place where moisture accumulates.
2. The place should be bright, without a shadow, so that the sun's rays fall.
3. It is better to choose a place for planting where carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers were previously harvested.
4. Do not re-plant in a place where onions, cabbage, potatoes, celery grew.
5. The landing site should be well ventilated.
6. The soil must be loose.

Processing before planting - watering and fertilizing

The soil should be fertilized before planting. You can buy a special substrate in the store or apply the following types of top dressing:

1. Peat or sawdust. A bed is sprinkled before frost to insulate the plant.
2. Dolomite flour or chalk. It is used to remove excess soil acidity. You need to take 1 cup of powder and mix with 1 sq. m. of earth, loosen the soil 20 cm deep.
3. Humus. Mix with soil 3 kg of humus per sq. m.
4. Bird droppings. A good option soil fertilizer.
5. Mineral fertilizers: superphosphate, potassium salt, ecofoska. 20 grams per 1 sq. m.
6. Ash. Another great fertilizer option. 1 sq. m. of land mixed with 1 kg of ash.

The earth should be loosened in advance and fertilized. When choosing a set, it is better to focus on a small size.

Depending on the size of the onion sets can be divided into:

1. Less than 1 cm in diameter - oatmeal.
2. 1 cm dia.
3. 1-2 cm diameter.
4. Closer to 3 cm diameter.

Surprisingly, but best harvest most often obtained from bulbs less than 1 cm, the bulbs should be sorted out, rotten and with defects should be removed.

It is important to know: the main rule for a successful harvest is high-quality planting material.

Summer residents have not come to a consensus whether it is necessary to soak the onion sets. After the material is selected, some gardeners soak the seeds in water with potassium permanganate.

This procedure is called disinfection. It is believed that after soaking the plant germinates faster. But soaking onions can't guarantee that frost won't hit tomorrow.

Then the sevok will suffer greatly from frostbite. The ideal planting depth is 3 cm, if a small onion is planted deep, it may not break through the thickness of the earth. If the sevok is large, it should be planted 5-6 cm deep.

How to plant onions before winter - instructions

1. Onions should be planted at a distance of 7-10 cm from each other. With a dense planting, you can plant at a distance of 5-7 cm. Places between plantings should be fertilized with humus or other substrate. Fertilized places need to be loosened and mixed with top dressing. Peat is best suited, as it retains heat well in winter time.
2. Landing is carried out in rows, between them should be left at least 15 cm.
3. You do not need to cut the neck of the onion first. It should be deepened into the soil by 2-2.5 cm.
4. Grooves or holes should be made under the beds, the seedlings should be carefully placed there and slightly covered with soil.Important to remember: In terms of frost resistance, garlic tolerates winter better, so planting onions too superficially can lead to freezing.
5. An important step is mulching. So that the onion does not freeze out, the seedling should be covered: with straw, dry leaves and other similar materials. To prevent the insulation from being blown away by the winds, heavier branches should be placed on top. When the snow falls, you can sketch a layer of snow on top for insulation. Important to remember: you can not insulate the bow with a film or plastic bags.
6. It should be checked that there is no abundant moisture and stagnant water in the garden.
7. In April, you can assess the state of the landing. If the onion does not sprout by spring, then you can save the situation by planting the garden with a plant again.

Frequently asked Questions

What variety is considered the best for planting before winter?

Kip-Vell grade translates as - well stored. This variety is well resistant to disease attacks, and the bulb is large, weighing over 300 grams. The proven varieties are Strigunovsky and Bessonovsky. They are perfect for winter planting. The Radar variety is also suitable for winter. Moreover, the bulb itself is juicy and stored for a long time. Also a good recently bred variety is Ellan.

Is it possible to sow "chernushka" seeds before winter?

You should not take risks and choose winter time for the "chernushka". It is better to leave the seeds for the spring.

What crops are best planted with in order to save him from the misfortunes of diseases, especially the onion fly?

The onion fly is most afraid of carrots. After the harvest of carrots, the soil should be loosened and leveled with a rake. Then, in due time, plant sevok.

Which seedling is better: with a diameter of 1 cm or 2 cm or more?

As practice shows, a seedling with a diameter of 1 cm gives a good harvest. Moreover, if you leave a small set until spring, more than half of it dries up. From a large set to spring, an onion feather grows. As soon as the peduncles go, the plant can be pulled out.

How to care for onions planted before winter in spring?

When the shoots of the plant begin in the spring, you can add saltpeter or urea to the water when watering. The main care is to water until the summer. So that the feather does not turn yellow and is not attacked by diseases and larvae, you can water the onion with water mixed with salt by the summer (one hundred grams of salt per ten liters of water). Such watering can be carried out no more than three times a season.

After harvesting, how to store the bulbs?

After harvesting, cut off the roots and feathers. If the onion is intended for consumption and not for sale, you can arrange it in boxes and store it in the house. True, not all varieties are well stored in a warm room. Therefore, it is best to put the boxes in a cellar or other cool place.

Onions do not require particularly complex care and are considered neither a capricious culture. If you follow all the recommendations, you can grow large, juicy, tasty onions. Good harvest!

In early spring, you really want to enjoy fresh onion greens, and it takes a long time to wait for onions planted in spring to grow. Yes, and the harvest from winter onions can be obtained early and plentiful, and in the remaining time, take the garden with another crop. Also, growing winter onions can make good money if you approach this business wisely.

Somehow it so happened historically that we mainly plant onions in the spring, trying to select larger and juicier sets. If anyone has grown sevok on their own, they know how hard it is to keep the small bulbs of the sevka in winter. During storage before spring planting, they have time to dry completely and turn into "nothing". Such an unjustified waste of labor invested. But small sevok can be planted in the fall and not worry about its safety, and in the spring you can enjoy green feathers and in July get a chic crop of onion turnips.

I will share my experience, why I plant onions in the fall and what secrets there are in this technology. Moreover, this method is gaining inevitable popularity for its simplicity, and small-sized winter onion sets are sold more expensive than large ones in the autumn planting season.

How to get winter onion sets

For those who like to do everything themselves, I’ll tell you how to grow sevok on your own. In the earliest possible time, as soon as the snow melts and the soil warms up at least slightly, we sow nigella (onion seeds). Sowing is thickened, we make a wide strip of about 5 - 6 cm. We make such a distance between the strips that it is easy to weed. We cover with earth with a layer of 1 - 2 cm, lightly roll it up, like carrot crops, and mulch with compost or humus.
We water the crops, and after the emergence of shoots in hot and dry weather, we repeat the watering.

As the onion sets grow from seeds, we weed the bed, loosen the soil after each watering or rain. Sevok does not need feeding.

An indicator that it is time to dig onion sets is that the leaves turn yellow and fall down. Then we dig everything at once and leave it to dry in the garden. When it dries, the leaves quickly and easily peel off directly with your hands.

The crucial moment comes: to select and sort the seed bulbs. First of all, we wind our crop in the wind and sort it: we leave large bulbs (more than 1 cm in diameter) for spring sowing, and small ones (less than 1 cm in diameter) - we will plant in the fall.

Why onion sets for planting in the fall should be small:

• Small onions do not shoot, so you can, without fear of frost and spring frosts, get a chic harvest of high quality onion. This happens due to the fact that the supply of nutrients in them is very small, it is not enough to form an arrow with seeds.
• During the winter and early spring, the bulbs gain enough nutrients to please in the spring with excellent greens, feathers, and in late June - early August provide turnips.
• The area after an early onion can be used for other vegetables.
• It turns out very economically, since the small sevok still will not “live” to spring plantings and so it gives a good harvest.

Winter onion varieties: description

• Senshiyu yellow,
• Radar,
• Kip Well,
• Ellan,
• Mstersky,
• Danilovsky,
• Stuttgarten Riesen,
• Strigunovsky local,
• Odintsovets,
• Myachkovsky 300,
• golden,
• Carmen MS,
• Sturon.

Not every onion variety is able to survive frosts, but breeders have bred varieties and hybrids that can be dormant in the soil under snow, and grow in conditions of not too long daylight hours.

For example, bulbs of the variety Shakespeare able to withstand frost down to -18 degrees, so it is most often used for planting in the fall. It is unpretentious and does not require special care. The bulb itself is round with white flesh and brown integumentary scales.

Varieties Radar and Ellan characterized by good germination, excellent taste, early ripening. So Ellan can be consumed already in June, when spring onions and garlic are still growing, and last year's harvest is over. turnips medium size, weighing 100-150 grams, and the Radar, with good care, can please even large ones - up to 300 grams.

Such winter varieties are deservedly popular. Sturon, Baron, Centurion. It takes 2-2.5 months from the beginning of the regrowth of the sevka to full maturation. Sturon is perfectly stored for at least 8 months, and Centurion is distinguished by a high content of vitamin C and a spicy taste.

Somewhat flat, golden-brown fruits with a sharp taste of the variety Studgarten Riesen ripen in 2 months and grow up to 150-200 grams.

Variety name Keep Well speaks for itself: they prefer to grow it for long-term storage. It has the same elongated bulb shape as the variety Bamberger but a few larger size. Winter onions of these varieties have proven themselves to be unpretentious in care and convenient for planting in the fall.

Mstersky onions are cultivated in Mstera Ivanovo industrial region. Forms a not very large bulb of a flat shape. The color of dry scales is yellow with a pink tint or light brown. Fleshy scales are white. Only sevka and small samples are used for planting in culture on a turnip. Larger samples go for pen culture. Mstera onion is quite resistant to downy mildew. The soil is relatively unpretentious. Works well in the northern regions.

Myachkovsky onions are cultivated in Myachkovo, Moscow region, from where it spread beyond last years and to other areas. Forms a very large bulb of a flat and rounded flat shape. The variety is very productive and relatively undemanding to the soil, but in winter storage it has a reduced keeping quality. With regard to downy mildew disease, it shows fairly good resistance. It has no export value, it is of interest for cultivation at the latitude of Moscow and somewhat to the north for the purpose of marketing in domestic markets.

Planting onions in autumn

When to plant onions before winter

The timing of planting onions is quite certain - planting should be completed 3 - 4 weeks (25 - 35 days) before the soil freezes, that is, before the onset of stable frosts. These times may vary from region to region. For middle lane In Russia, for example, for the Moscow region, a favorable landing time is the period from October to early November. Our weather is unpredictable, sometimes it's cold, then suddenly later "Indian summer" will clear up. So keep an eye on the weather forecast. Orient yourself like this, if the temperature has dropped to + 5 ° C and holds, it's time to plant.

Also, when determining the time of planting a sevka in the fall, many look at the lunar calendar. He will tell you the most auspicious days planting onions for the winter. Definitely should not be planted on a full moon if the weather allows the plant to be rescheduled to a more suitable time. You can also find out from the lunar calendar when it is better to start fertilizing, which is done in advance, not on the same day as planting.

Where to plant

On the same bed, onions can be grown for a maximum of 2 years in a row, then the place should be changed and returned to the old one after 4 to 5 years. Soils should be light: humus loams or humus-sandy soils. The most luxurious onions can be grown on silt deposits in river valleys, but only warm ones.

Potatoes can be precursors of onions, White cabbage, corn and others.

Important! It is impossible to bring fresh manure under the onion sets, since as a result the plants will form a large leaf mass and loose bulbs that are unsuitable for storage. If you want to fertilize the beds, then use humus or compost. And it is better to bring it under the predecessor.

The area allotted for the autumn planting of onions should be dry, ventilated, stagnant water will cause the onion to simply rot. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure unhindered removal of melt and rainwater to the side, and even better if the site is on a hill, so that high ground water couldn't interfere.

How to plant onions before winter

We cut the grooves at a distance of 10 - 15 cm from each other. We plant sets in increments of 3 to 10 cm to a depth of 3-4 cm. The distance between plants in a row depends on the variety. The larger the bulbs that the variety forms, the greater the distance should be. So the food area will be sufficient.

The planting depth of 3-4 cm is due to the fact that at a shallower depth, the bulbs begin to bulge out of the ground in the spring, exposing themselves. We do not cut the necks of the bulbs.

We fill the furrows with soil and mulch, but do not water. By the way, mulch autumn plantings necessary just before the onset of cold weather. To do this, you can use dry leaves, dry humus, spruce branches, tops of other plants, flower stems, sawdust, pine needles and other material.

In winter, it would be nice to hold snow in the garden so that the onion does not freeze out during severe frosts, more than -20 ° C.

Spring onion care

As soon as the snow melts, we immediately remove the mulching material so that the soil warms up faster. The soil is loosened and in the future it must be loosened after heavy rains and heavy watering. Then you can feed the plantings: add diluted chicken droppings.

The second top dressing can be done no earlier than the leaves appear. And here you can use those drugs that you like to use: antistress agents, immunomodulators and growth stimulants, for example, Plantafol.

How to protect onions from pests

To protect plantings from onion flies, marigolds and calendula can be sown around the garden or even inside it. If you use chemicals in the fight against the enemy, then remember that you can collect onions for feathers only 7-10 days after such treatment. You can also sprinkle tobacco dust in the aisles (alone or mixed with lime), this also repels the onion fly. Since there are 2 generations of flies, there should be 2 treatments with an interval of 8 to 10 days.

Important! The first generation of onion fly larvae harms in June, and the second - in July (middle).

As the onion grows on the feather, it is better to take those that have more developed leaf mass, giving the opportunity to grow and develop neighboring, less developed ones. When weeding, you should be very careful not to damage the bulbs with a sharp tool. Wounds on the bulbs contribute to the occurrence various diseases, such an onion is not stored even for a month.

When to Harvest

The signal that the bulbs are fully formed is that the leaves lie down, and the integumentary scales have acquired a characteristic color for the variety, for example, blue or orange, red.
Sometimes the leaves are laid on purpose to speed up the ripening, but we are not in a hurry, are we? So we wait as long as it takes.

We dig out the bulbs very carefully, leave to dry in a ventilated place. Bookmark for storage should be done only after the onion dries well, its leaves and roots become dry.

Important! Immature bulbs or those that have a thick juicy neck are eaten first, they will not be stored.

On the vacant bed, you can plant other vegetables, for example: sow carrots, radishes, turnips, daikon, beets, greens.

The remaining time is enough for them to ripen. Moreover, carrots and beets, for example, are not afraid of light frosts and develop well in cool autumn weather.

In conclusion, I want to note that if in the fall you plant not onion sets, but simply small turnip bulbs, then in the spring you will be unpleasantly surprised, since it will all shoot arrows.

By the way, multi-tiered onions are also planted before winter. This is the name of varieties that are perennial frost-resistant branching plants that reproduce only vegetatively - aerial and basal onion bulbs. best moment for planting a multi-tiered bow - September, the very first days. He then has time to take root, germinate, and also accumulate a supply of the nutrients he needs.

Landing technology is similar to the previous one.

Leek, batun, shallots and other species are also planted before winter. Moreover, onions are planted before winter even in such harsh regions as the Urals and Siberia. True, gardeners there additionally cover the beds with plantings of onions and garlic with spruce branches so that they do not freeze out in a fierce winter.

Ways to plant onions before winter, video

It is very clearly explained which onion is best planted on a turnip in the fall. The secrets of seed planting technology are revealed. The preparation of planting material is explained and optimal timing landing. Thanks to the author, look!