SUNBATHING SUNBATHING- a therapeutic and hygienic procedure in which the naked human body (or individual parts of the body) is subjected to more or less long-term action direct sun rays. Solar radiation contains visible and invisible (infrared and ultraviolet) rays. The influence of these rays on the human body is very great. Correct Application sunbathing improves blood circulation and blood composition of a person, soothes nervous system, increases metabolism in the body, improves appetite, sleep, has a beneficial effect on the skin, promotes hardening of the body. Sunbaths are dosed in absolute units solar radiation(in calories), the amount of which is determined by a special device - an actinometer. start sunbathing usually from 5 - 6 feces(about 1.5 feces on each surface of the body: back, chest and sides) and adjusted to 30 - 60 feces adding daily 5 feces, rarely more (in temperate climates middle lane Soviet Union in summer time in the morning, the initial dose of solar radiation is 5 feces equals 5 minutes of exposure). Sunbathing is best taken in the morning: from 7 - 8 am to 12 pm (1/2 hour after a light breakfast), when the air is cleaner and less warm (to avoid burns or general overheating, which is especially dangerous for the elderly and children under the age of 5 years, whose body reactions are unstable and imperfect). Before sunbathing, you should consult your doctor. how preparatory procedure it is recommended to take several air baths (cm.). When sunbathing, it is necessary to take into account the humidity of the air and the strength of the wind; in calm weather, overheating can especially easily occur. Sunbathing can be used daily for 25 - 35 days, after which it is good to take a break for 1 - 2 weeks.
Sunbathing with therapeutic purpose you can start with a longer time if you expose only the part of the body that is to be irradiated (legs, arms, rib cage, lower back); the dose is determined by the doctor.
Sunbathing is carried out on a special platform (solarium) or on the beach, where couches (with the foot end facing south) are installed with a raised headboard and a shield or umbrella above it. On the sea or river bank, you can lie on dry sand, spreading a rug or towel. After a sunbath, it is recommended to douche, shower or bathe, before which you need to cool down for 10 - 15 minutes in the shade.
Excessive sunbathing, especially for sunburn(see), harmful, as it can cause sunburn, disorders of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, exacerbation of chronic tuberculosis processes, etc.
Persons weakened, recovering from illnesses, are prescribed moderate sun treatment through a trellised awning. Sunbathing is absolutely contraindicated for patients with decompensated heart defects, with hypertension, active forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, with general arteriosclerosis, with tumors, and persons with a tendency to bleed.

Brief Encyclopedia household. - M.: Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Ed. A. F. Akhabadze, A. L. Grekulova. 1976 .

See what "SUN BATHING" is in other dictionaries:

sunbathing- Dosed irradiation of the skin surface of the body with sunlight as a means of hardening and stimulating the immune system in order to increase the overall resistance of the body to the effects of adverse factors environment, and also to warn ... ... Adaptive physical culture. Concise Encyclopedic Dictionary

Baths- I Baths procedures in which the body is exposed to water, air, sunlight for therapeutic, prophylactic or hygienic purposes. Most often, the term "baths" refers to water procedures; they also emit air (see Aerotherapy) and ... Medical Encyclopedia

solar baths- see Solar irradiation ... Big Medical Dictionary

HELIOTHERAPY- (from the Greek. helios sun and therapeia treatment), treatment with sunlight. The beginning of the use of G. refers to the period many centuries before Christ. e. This method was especially popular among the ancient Greeks and Romans, among whom the necessary part of the term ... ...

PHOTOTHERAPY- (phototherapy, from the Greek phos, photos light and therapeia care, treatment). Modern S. is based on acquaintance with the so-called. chem. the action of light. First of all, the effect of sieve on bacteria was studied. In 1877, Downes and Blunt (Downes, ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

RESORTS- RESORTS. Contents: Classification .................. 144 History .................. 145 Resorts of the USSR .... ..............151 List of resorts of the USSR with a brief description of them .................177 Foreign resorts ........ ......196 Resorts for… … Big Medical Encyclopedia

Phototherapy- Treatment with bright light One of the main treatments for seasonal affective disorder Phototherapy, or light therapy is a type of treatment that consists in the patient being exposed to sunlight, or light with certain ... Wikipedia

BABY- BABY. general characteristics characteristics of infancy. Breast age in modern pediatrics plays a particularly important role. Powerful development of knowledge about baby led even some authors to talk about the allocation ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

SOLARIUM- (from lat. sol sun), a place for sunbathing; the aerosolarium is more correct, since any sunbathing is one. time and air. In a sunbath, in addition to direct sunlight, scattered solar radiation is also used. ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

Preschool age- the period of development of the child from 3 to 6 7 years. During these years, further physical development and improvement of the child's intellectual abilities take place. Height and body weight. Growth of children in D. century. increases unevenly at first up to 4 6 cm per year, and ... ... Medical Encyclopedia

It is well known that hardening by the sun increases the body's resistance to adverse environmental factors.

With moderate exposure to sunbathing, metabolic processes in the body are accelerated, the level of hemoglobin rises, and the work of the circulatory system normalizes.

Solar energy improves hearing and vision. Effectively affects the sun and the treatment various diseases skin and nasopharynx.

What can we say about the beautiful that the skin acquires under the influence of sunbathing ...

And the Pantry of Beauty will tell you about how to take sunbaths correctly and about their benefits.

Vitamin D and sunbathing

It has long been proven that the lack of sunlight, in particular vitamin D contained in the sun's rays, affects the activity of all human organs.

Bones suffer from a lack of vitamin D, the ability to regenerate cells worsens, it gives immunity, depressive states develop.

Therefore, exposure to the sun becomes an obligatory component of our life.

The amount of ultraviolet rays during the day and throughout the year is not constant.

It is clear that in summer there are much more of them than in autumn or spring, and in winter there are practically none at all. There are more UV rays during the day than at sunrise or sunset.

Draw conclusions - spending a few hours on the street on a sunny winter day can be more useful than 15-20 minutes in the sun on a summer afternoon.

The intensity of the sunbath also depends on the terrain, and on the humidity of the air, and on the presence of industrial facilities or reservoirs in the area. For example, there are more ultraviolet rays on the banks of a river or sea than in an industrial area. Smoke and air pollution reduces the activity of ultraviolet rays by 10-15%.

How to sunbathe

With the indisputable benefits of sunbathing, do not forget - the sun is useful only in reasonable quantities!

Abuse of sunbathing is capable not only of the body, but also seriously harm your health.

With excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, elastin and collagen, the substances responsible for its firmness and elasticity, begin to break down on the skin.

To prevent the effect of photoaging of the skin (reduction of its elasticity), sunbathing should be taken correctly.

The optimal time for sunbathing in summer is morning (from 7:00 to 10:00-10:30) and evening (after 16:00, on especially hot days - after 17:00).

In spring and autumn, you can pamper yourself with sunshine at noon (from 12:00 to 16:00).

In the course of scientific research, it was found that the morning rays rising sun have a tonic and invigorating effect.

While the sun's rays at sunset have a calming effect and relieve tension.

Accordingly, taking sunbaths at dawn, you are charged with positive energy. And those who like to soak up the rays of the setting sun, at this time relax and calm the nervous system.

You need to gradually increase the duration of sunbathing.

Remember, only proper sunbathing improves emotional and physical well-being, increases efficiency, improves perception and concentration.

Did you know that tanning is a protective function of the skin? That is why before a trip to the sea, doctors strongly recommend visiting several sessions of a solarium - in order to prepare dry skin of the face for exposure to ultraviolet radiation. After all, the activity of the southern sun is very high. In the next article, we will tell you why it is good to sunbathe and how to take sun and air baths properly.

How to take air baths

Air baths very useful, they harden the body, improve metabolism, have a beneficial effect on the nervous system, and calm the psyche. Good mood, cheerfulness, deep sleep and excellent appetite - this will be the result of a properly performed tan and air therapy. It would seem, what could be easier than taking air baths? Undress, walk or lie down!

In order not to harm your body, you should observe simple rules sunbathing and air bathing.

- The greatest effect of air treatment is achieved in the summer between 8-11 and 17-19 hours.

- Air baths are taken once a day under awnings, on verandas protected from direct sunlight, in the shade of trees.

- The time of the first procedures is 10-15 minutes, then it can be increased to one or two hours.

- If the air temperature is below 15 ° C, then the adoption of air baths should be postponed until more auspicious days. « Goose-flesh"warns of hypothermia of the body, get dressed as soon as possible.

How to sunbathe and sunbathe (heliotherapy)

Fashion for skin tone has changed in different times. The ancient Greeks White color skin was considered a sign of ill health, and the "father of medicine" Hippocrates called the sun a cure for all. In the 19th century, beauties hid from the sun's rays under wide-brimmed hats so that their skin remained the color of aspirin.

The fashion for tanning was established at the beginning of the 20th century by the “legendary milliner” Coco Chanel. Everyone went to the beach, the cut of swimsuits changed every year, more and more revealing new parts of the body. Finally, the most "advanced" vacationers began to sunbathe without clothes at all. So there were nudists.

The sun's rays are undeniably beneficial. Under their action, the pigment melanin is produced in the skin - the same tan, as well as vitamin D, which prevents rickets. However, it should be remembered that sunbathing should not be taken by people suffering from tuberculosis, vascular sclerosis, hypertension, diseases of the central nervous system, migraines.

Sunbathing is best taken in the summer in the morning from 8 to 11 and after the heat of the day subsides, from 16 to 18 hours. In the first days of rest, you should not stay in the open sun and sunbathe for more than five minutes, otherwise you can get serious burns. Every day you can increase the time spent in the sun by two to four minutes.

You should know that each person's susceptibility to the sun's rays is different: blondes react to radiation more strongly than brunettes, whose skin quickly tans and acquires chocolate shade. Children are about a third more sensitive than adults.

Long exposure to the sun in non-hardened people can cause exhaustion of the body, along with a bronze tan, they get irritability, headache, sleep disturbance and weight loss. Sunbathing is better after taking air baths, but before swimming in the sea.

How to sunbathe? Not recommended! - Wash with soap before sunbathing. Soap degreases the skin, and it does not tan, but easily burns. - Before going to the beach, use special cosmetics for sunburn and burns. - Sunbathe on an empty stomach or immediately after a meal. - Sunbathe and generally be in the sun with your head uncovered. - Long lie in the sun in the hope of getting an even tan. A strong tan dries the skin, which can cause wrinkles, weakens the nervous system, and has a bad effect on sleep.

Thanks to the sun's rays, the life of all creatures on the planet, including humans, is possible. As special studies show, with the correct dosage of the life-giving energy contained in them, we can strengthen our body, harden it and even cure some diseases. People who neglect the sun's rays look pale and unhealthy. However, we are designed in such a way that it is quite natural for us to be covered with a slight tan, the skin is adapted for exposure to the sun and should be a little dark. The reason for many diseases lies precisely in the fact that a person does not get enough exposure to the sun.

How to sunbathe

It must be remembered that sunbathing is useful only in reasonable quantities. Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause not only burns to the face and body, but also seriously harm your health. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation on human skin causes the breakdown of elastin and collagen - substances that are responsible for its firmness and elasticity. To prevent the effect of photoaging of the skin, it is necessary to properly sunbathe.

Summer best time sunbathing is considered morning from 7:00 to 10:00-10:30 and evening after 16:00, and on especially hot days after 17:00. In spring and autumn you can indulge yourself in the sun and at noon from 12:00 to 16:00. as show Scientific research, the morning rays of the rising sun have a tonic and invigorating effect, while the rays of the sunset at sunset have a calming effect on the body and relieve tension. Accordingly, to recharge with positive energy, take sunbaths at dawn, and to relax and calm the nervous system, soak up the rays of the setting sun.

The duration of sunbathing should be increased gradually. The first tanning sessions should not exceed 20-30 minutes, especially for people with fair skin. Every day it is recommended to increase the "solar load" by 10-15 minutes, bringing the time spent in the sun to 3-4 hours a day. While sunbathing, it is very pleasant to take a dip in the cool water. But it is important to remember that ultraviolet rays penetrate the water to a depth of 2-3 m, so being in the water will not prevent negative impact ultraviolet. After bathing, it is advisable to remove drops of water from the body, so you can protect yourself from burns. It is also necessary to remember about protective equipment. Fair-skinned people are best suited with a high SPF (30-40), while dark-skinned people will benefit from a lower SPF (10-20). However, in the first days of exposure to the sun, it is advisable to use products with a high protection factor. Be sure to protect your eyes with sunglasses, and your head with an umbrella or panama made of breathable material. It is also necessary to remember that you can not sunbathe immediately after eating. The best time to eat is 1-2 hours before sun exposure.

People with malignant and benign neoplasms, as well as those with cardiovascular diseases, should never be exposed to the sun. Also, prolonged sunbathing is contraindicated in diseases of the thyroid gland, liver disease, anemia, leukemia, skin diseases. In addition, prolonged procedures can lead to overheating, skin burns and heat stroke.

The benefits and harms of sunbathing

By itself, the sun's rays destroy most pathogens. The more our skin absorbs sunlight, the more protective forces accumulate in the body, and the more it stores energy that resists diseases. In addition, the sun's rays kill microbes and neutralize their poisons, as well as increase the body's defenses. Thanks to the subcutaneous pigment, the golden brown color of the skin appears, this is a special biological product that should protect the body.

So the sun's rays are a must human body. The sun has a beneficial effect on the nervous system and metabolic processes, which improves work internal organs, muscles and increases immunity. The work of the gastrointestinal tract also improves, food is processed much better, fats break down faster, and protein is easier to digest. Exciting effect solar energy and on the brain. Even after a short exposure to the sun, memory improves, efficiency increases and creative activity increases. To improve visual acuity, it is very useful to look at the sun, this is an excellent exercise for the eyes. As you know, the sun contributes to the production of vitamin D in the body, which is the main building material for teeth and bones. Experts say that with a lack of sunlight, children can develop rickets. A lack of this vitamin can also cause osteoporosis, which is the main cause of brittle nails in old age. The sun also stabilizes the blood circulation in our body and dilates the blood vessels, resulting in increased blood flow to the skin, it looks much better, and the muscles become more elastic.

Under the influence of sunlight, the hormone melanin is produced in our body. It intercepts free radicals that cause tremendous harm to the entire body, contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, make blood vessels more fragile, and also destroy genetic information in the nuclei of cells.

But, as you know, any pleasures should be in moderation, otherwise they can harm our entire body. Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause not only burns, but also other health problems. Fans of sunbathing quite often get sunstroke, which manifests itself in the form of an increase in body temperature up to 41 degrees, the presence of a headache and weakness, up to loss of consciousness. It is worth noting that with frequent sunburn, the development of melanoma, which is a malignant tumor of the skin, is possible. And like any cancer, it can be fatal.

It is also very harmful to sunbathe for a long time without sunglasses, this can lead to retinal burns, after which it will be quite difficult to restore vision. Especially dangerous are the sun's rays when they are reflected from the water surface. It must be remembered that the stay of people with certain heart diseases on vacation must necessarily take place under the supervision of a doctor, since the influence of the sun can turn into serious complications for them. People with such diseases should not stay in the open sun for a long time, especially during the hottest time of the day - from 11:00 to 16:00.

It should be remembered that only proper sunbathing improves emotional and physical well-being, increases efficiency, and also improves perception and concentration. Tanning is very fashionable nowadays, and you can get it even in winter in a solarium, but you must follow the rules of precaution.

Sunbathing is the effect of sunlight on the skin during relaxation. Usually sunbathing is carried out on the beach, lying on a sunbed or sand. Sunbathing in another way can be called a gentle and soft tan. Sunbathing is good for the body, if you do not overdo it. Under the influence of ultraviolet rays, the composition of the blood improves (hemoglobin increases), the body's defenses strengthen, the work of the nervous and endocrine systems, as well as metabolism, normalize.

In reasonable doses, the sun's rays have a beneficial effect on the skin, while blood vessels expand. Exposure to sunlight increases the amount of vitamin D in the body, which plays an important role in maintaining bone health.

Sunbathing activates the activity of the sebaceous and sweat glands. Thus, sunbathing is useful for people with dry skin, which becomes more elastic.

Sunbathing, however, must be used in moderation or else will result in backfire(burns, sunstroke, headache).

Rules to follow

In order for sunbathing to benefit the body, some rules must be followed. You must remember that the most useful rays of the sun are useful to receive in the evening. It is advisable to avoid exposure to the sun between 12:00 and 16:00. In addition, it is important to observe the principle of gradualness. Always start small, i.e. from 10 - 15 minutes, then gradually extend the time to 1 - 2 hours. Longer exposure to the sun is not desirable.

Before sunbathing must be applied to the skin sunscreen with the appropriate protective factor. If the sun is inactive, then the cream is not necessary.

During sunbathing, there is a simultaneous intake of air baths (), which also bring no small health benefits. Air and sun baths effectively harden the body, have a beneficial effect on the skin. Air baths can be taken at home according to the Katsuzo Nishi method ().

Sunbathing benefits almost all people, they increase the absorption of calcium, iron, increase hemoglobin, immunity, promote the production of vitamin D3 in the skin. However, for fair-skinned people or people who live in temperate climates with little sun exposure per year, active sunbathing can be harmful. Such people are more vulnerable to the effects of sunlight. In addition, today more and more people talk about excessive amounts of solar radiation. Thus, while sunbathing, it is necessary Special attention give individual characteristics(skin color, pigmentation).

Experts recommend moving more while relaxing on the beach so that the rays of the sun envelop the body from all sides, and the tan lies more evenly. It is not recommended to lie under the scorching rays of the sun. People with sensitive skin should start sunbathing from 2 to 5 minutes, then extend the time to 1 hour.

Do not allow redness of the skin, burns. Even a slight reddening indicates that the dose of sunlight has been exceeded. It is contraindicated to sunbathe between 12:00 and 14:00, because. there is a high probability of getting sunburn and a high dose of radiation.

While in the sun, it is important not to forget to drink (non-alcoholic non-carbonated drinks) to avoid dehydration (). It is also useful to take breaks during sunbathing, i.e. some time to be in the shade, or water.

To reduce skin sensitivity to ultraviolet rays(hot countries), use creams with a high SPF factor. In addition, it is always necessary to protect your head from the sun with a hat.

Sunbathing is contraindicated for athletes before competitions, people with cardiovascular diseases, malignant and benign neoplasms.

Know the measure of sun tanning

The gentle rays of the sun promote health as well as well-being. However, prolonged exposure to the sun can cause negative changes in the skin: accelerated aging processes, allergic reactions, etc.

The negative effects of sunlight are cumulative. Human skin's defense mechanisms and its ability to repair damage caused by UV rays decline over the course of several years. The sun causes irreversible changes in our skin, which leads to its photoaging. In addition, the structural proteins of the skin (collagen, elastin) are destroyed, the lipid barrier, which protects the skin from drying out, decreases.

As a result of such changes, the skin becomes dry, rough, wrinkled, pigmented (). Studies confirm that intensive tanning accelerates skin aging by 6 months.

How to choose the right sunscreen?

Sunbathing should be gradual, in addition, you need to choose the right sunscreen for yourself. The first days of exposure to the sun, the body produces defense mechanisms that protect the skin. Therefore, you should always start sunbathing from 5 to 15 minutes (the first day).

Before going to the beach, you should put on a sunscreen that suits your skin type. There is a total of IV phototype from which you should choose yours.

Phototype I- very high risk sunburn - red hair, light skin, freckles, blue, green eyes. SPF 40 should be used in the first days, then 30.

Phototype II- high risk of sunburn - bright blond, dark blond with fair skin, blue or green eyes. The first days it is recommended to use SPF 25, then 16.

Phototype III- average risk of sunburn - hair from dark blond to brown shades, eyes gray, brown. In the first days while sunbathing, it is recommended to use SPF 16, then 6.

Phototype IV- slight risk of burns - light brown, brown, olive skin, black hair, brown eyes. In the first days, it is recommended to use sunscreen SPF 10, then 3.

Sunscreen is recommended to be applied 20 minutes before sunbathing. Its effect, as a rule, depends on the amount of cream applied to the skin. Approximately 30 ml of cream, spread over the entire surface of the skin, will provide adequate protection. Remember that after water procedures(swimming in the sea) the protective activity of the cream is reduced by 50%. After swimming, sunscreen should be reapplied.

If you still get sunburn, then you should use folk ways pain relief. For example, vinegar + water, kefir, skim milk - prevent pain, treat sunburn. You can also use preparations with aloe extract, which soothe pain and do not contain any toxic substances that can cause an allergic reaction in addition.