Public institutions constantly compete with each other and try to stand out. They differ in concept, audience, and public interior design, but they all have the same goal - to gain a good reputation and attract more visitors. But this competition should be healthy and not affect in any way psychological state person and not harm his health and life. In relation to infrastructure facilities, certain rules are put forward, violation of which, when inspected by government organizations, leads to liability.

Public interiors

The interior that is selected for public institutions should inspire not only clients, but also employees. Thanks to interesting creative solutions and the search for design, color and materials, every need of visitors will be taken into account.

Following the joint venture, public buildings and structures that are accessible for use by all groups of the population are premises that must be comfortable, functional and have a unique image. SNiP is an important set of rules that puts forward requirements and recommendations for the arrangement of one or another type of structure. According to the document, real estate belonging to separate category, regardless of its type, must comply with the standards and established order: construction, redevelopment, arrangement, interior and exterior design.

Room design: basic rules

The profit of an enterprise directly depends on the design of public spaces, because whoever manages to attract more customers will be in the black. That is why special attention must be paid interior design premises.

When starting to choose a design for public interiors, you must take into account:

1. Specifics. When setting up a store, it is important to consider the locations for installing display cases and shelving. It is necessary that customers can easily take the goods.
2. Target audience. Each establishment, be it an expensive restaurant or a boutique, has its own target audience.
3. Initial conditions. To select a design, it is important to take into account the size of the room, the microclimate, and what material it is built from.

Basic style decisions

Depending on the purpose of the room, the design of public interiors is selected:

1. Shops. A variety of style solutions are suitable for stores, but the main thing is that the interior is bright and quickly memorable.
2. The premises are distinguished by rigor and intelligence. The interior is designed in a simple style to create a working atmosphere.
3. It’s hard to imagine rooms for children without bright and colorful designs.
4. Canteens, restaurants and cafes should be cozy so that visitors enjoy being in the room.

The interior of a non-residential public space forms a general opinion and reflects the specifics.

catering

Dining room interior design catering should be comfortable and cozy for a large number of visitors. This is a fairly new direction, so it is important to emphasize all the details of the interior and connect them together, but to recreate the interior in such a way that the environment does not put pressure on the person and contributes to a normal meal, held in a relaxed atmosphere. Technological aspects and functional features play an important role.

Since the canteen is a public building, it is necessary to take into account the SP for public buildings and structures, sanitary rules for catering establishments, government organizations, hotels and other infrastructure facilities. This is extremely important.

In a public interior, the main role is played by color schemes; the mood of the visitor depends on the chosen shade. The designer must be competent in these aspects in order to recreate the interior desired by the client and at the same time carry out the work in strict accordance with the rules.

Design Features

The main feature of the design of public interiors is compliance with the requirements of fire and sanitary services. First of all, you need to consider:

• safety;
• selection building materials and materials for finishing the premises;
• location engineering communications.

All work must be carried out perfectly, but do not forget about attractiveness. To achieve such results, the help of architects, engineers and designers will be required. Only they will be able to design the interior design of public buildings in the context required by the customer.

Space optimization

In order for the design of a public interior to look harmonious and interesting, it is necessary to study every corner of the room. The cost of purchasing furniture and other decorative elements depends on the size of the building.

Every room requires individual approach For example, hotel rooms should be different from each other. By using modern technologies specialists will be able to make 3D visualization, and this will allow them to see the room and optimize it as much as possible. Well-thought-out public interior design will change the atmosphere. Will fill the room with comfort and good mood.

Of course, the interior design of public buildings is different, since when creating the interior, they must take into account the specifics of the area of ​​activity of a particular room. The profit and success of a public enterprise depends on this.

Now you understand that if in individual residential construction you can actually do without the help of an architect and designer, then when arranging the public interior of a building, you won’t be able to save on specialists.

A person spends a considerable part of his life time outside the home. This is work, numerous shops, recreational places and other establishments, when visiting which people pay attention to their overall interior. We have completed more than fifty interiors of restaurants, bars, cafes, offices, banks, shops and other spaces.

Interior design of public spaces is a difficult task that only real professionals can do. We implement the most daring projects, taking into account all the wishes of our clients as much as possible.

Also, in addition to design, we carry out redevelopment projects, technology, engineering systems buildings and premises.

For any catering establishment, be it an expensive restaurant or even a canteen, one of the most important factors is interior design. Depending on how correctly, interestingly and beautifully the interior of your cafe or restaurant is decorated, more or less visitors will come to you, come back to you again, celebrate holidays and organize events with you. It is safe to say that the success of a restaurant or cafe directly depends on the comfort and design of the premises. We have completed many design projects for restaurants, cafes, bars, canteens and know both the technological part and architectural and design techniques that maximize and decorate the space.

A very important factor is that designers who do not design engineering almost always carry out catering projects incorrectly. This does not mean that they are bad - just that the designer is not a technological engineer. Meanwhile this prerequisite proper design of a restaurant or cafe. The technology of even catering establishments with an incomplete cycle, additional preparation or simply distribution is the same difficult task, with a lot of technical premises that must be present according to SNiPs, SPs and SanPiNs! Without this, a cafe or restaurant will either not open at all, or will not pass inspection by authorities. Fire safety is checked no less strictly. We have repeatedly reworked other people's design projects, adapting and correcting them to meet the standards. When we ourselves design the interiors of public spaces, we already take all this into account.

Features of interior design of public premises

Any design activity for the design of retail and entertainment premises requires not only a comprehensive approach that takes into account the slightest nuances, but also individual solutions in each specific case. It is necessary to take into account the functional load of the room, the most comfortable stay for visitors in it, as well as the capabilities of the room as a whole, for example, how many visitors it is designed for. You need to take into account every little detail, creating ideal comfort, and then your customers will want to stay longer with you, this is especially true for cafes, restaurants and shops.

Our designers prioritize not only aesthetics, but also the functionality of the room. Everything in it should be in harmony, and at the same time you should be comfortable and comfortable. Achieving such harmony is not easy, and it is unlikely that you will be able to do it on your own. This requires not only natural talent, but also extensive experience in decorating such premises. We have carried out a wide variety of projects for such complex facilities as fitness centers, shops, hotels and even a monetarium. Therefore, do not waste precious time, but immediately seek highly professional help from our employees.

This direction is very specific due to the complexity of forming a single conceptual style. It is necessary to combine maximum functionality for the work of employees and managers, create optimal convenience and comfort, and most importantly, complete the entire symbiosis in a single style solution.

Particularly difficult is the design of the manager’s office. Only a qualified designer can favorably emphasize the prestige and special rank of a manager, as well as emphasize the main direction of the enterprise’s activities with design.

Call us right now! Professional designers of our studio are able to bring to life a project of any complexity. We competently and in tight deadlines We will create the interior of any public space taking into account all your wishes, which will allow you to expand the horizons of your business.
We perform:

• Design of restaurants, bars, cafes, canteens
• Design of offices, administrative centers
• Design of hotels, hotels, guest houses
• Design of fitness centers, sports centers, swimming pools
• Design shopping centers, shops, pavilions
• Bank design
• Design of medical centers and clinics
• Spa design
• Design of clubs and discos
• Design of museums, cigar and wine rooms, storage facilities
• Design of public spaces, halls, stairs, lobbies
• Design of medical centers, clinics, offices
• Engineering projects for all types of public spaces
• Technology projects for all types of premises

For each type of interior, we can send you a selection of completed objects upon request. We have completed a huge number of projects of all categories of premises and we cannot show them all here.

A small part of the public interiors we have designed.

Coursework

"Public Interior Design"

PM 01. MDK 01.01. Design

Completed by a student

groups 14-D-3

Glazunova V.R.

Checked:

Lebedkin L.A.

__________________________

Kaliningrad

2015

Introduction. 3

1. Features of public interior design. 4

1.1. Special requirements to the public interior. 4

1.2. Public interior design styles. 5

1.3. Textiles in public interiors. 9

1.4. Greenery in a public interior. 10

1.5. Furniture in a public interior. 11

1.6. Lighting in public interiors. 14

1.7. Finishing materials.. 15

2. Current trends in public interior design. 19

3. Artistic and design part. 21

Conclusion. 22

List of sources used. 23

Introduction

Goal: Create a public interior.

Objective: Explore all theoretical material to create a public interior.

In the process of designing a public interior, it is necessary to take into account that the interior public places should be designed for the mass consumer, taking into account general tastes and interests. At the same time, all interior details must be made in such a way as to ensure maximum comfort for visitors to the establishment.

The design of the interior of a public building should begin, first of all, with a functional diagram and the preparation of sketches on which all the main elements of the interior are outlined: from large details to decorative elements.

Features of public interior design

Special requirements for public interiors

Premises in administrative buildings, as a rule, comprise the following main functional groups:

a) management offices;

b) work premises structural divisions institutions and organizations;

c) meeting rooms and (or) conference rooms;

d) premises for information and technical purposes, including: technical libraries, design rooms, archives, premises for information and computer technology, etc., depending on the design assignment;

d) entrance group premises, including: lobby, vestibule, cloakroom, pass office, security room;

f) premises of social services, including: premises of public catering establishments, medical services, sanitary facilities, living quarters for service and operational personnel, sports and fitness facilities, etc.;

g) premises maintenance buildings, including: repair shops, storage rooms for various purposes, etc.;

h) premises for engineering equipment, including: ventilation chambers, electrical panels, etc.

The composition of premises, their area and functional relationship in institutional buildings are determined by the customer in the design assignment and (or) in accordance with the design standards given in the codes of design rules various types buildings. The composition of premises of functional groups a - d and g in institutions is established in the design assignment, and their area is determined by departmental or technological standards, it should be taken into account that per employee in the premises of functional group b there must be at least 6 m 2 without taking into account the area , designed to accommodate office equipment. The composition, equipment, including the number of plumbing fixtures and the area of ​​premises of functional groups, are determined taking into account the standards established in SNiP 2.08.02 and SNiP 2.09.04.

The composition and area of ​​specialized premises of buildings of financial institutions, banks, judicial and other institutions are determined in the design assignment, taking into account departmental standards and (or) codes of rules.

The height of the premises from floor to ceiling must be at least 3 m. In small offices located within residential buildings, and in factory offices located in administrative buildings, the height of the premises may correspond to the height accepted in these buildings.

The height of technical floors should be taken taking into account the equipment being placed, utility networks and their operating conditions; at the same time, in places where service personnel pass, the clear height must be at least 1.8 m.

Rules should be applied when designing buildings fire protection people and buildings contained in SNiP 21-01, as well as additional requirements fire safety, established in SNiP, due to the specifics of administrative buildings.

Public interior design styles

The specifics of the design of public spaces differ significantly from the design of private interiors. The designer is faced with circumstances when it is necessary to competently develop a project and take into account the characteristics of a room where a large number of people can be present simultaneously and constantly. In such a space, everyone, without exception, should feel comfortable, psychologically comfortable, and safe.

First of all, it is necessary to correctly plan the space, taking into account the direction of activity and in accordance with sanitary and fire safety standards, as well as taking into account ergonomic standards and safety requirements. However, in addition to these mandatory standards, for each type of public premises there are a number of factors that allow you to choose the most effective options zoning that meets the customer’s requirements and the purpose of the premises.

Secondly, the style in which the interior of public premises will be designed must have some universality, i.e. the ability to please a wide range of visitors. That is why, when choosing a style, a wide range of parameters are assessed - such as the purpose of the room, architectural features, who will be in this room, for what time and for what purpose, as well as a number of other important factors.

Avant-garde is a bright, daring movement that breaks with tradition and standard thinking. This style became a sign of the revolutionary aspirations of youth at the beginning of the 20th century, and at the same time, the avant-garde also appeared as a kind of cultural and aesthetic challenge, claiming to create a new art. That is why such a designation for the new direction was chosen - “avant-garde”, which meant “going ahead” or “advanced detachment”. Avant-garde operates with pure colors - white, black, red, yellow, green. Several contrasting colors can be used in one room at the same time, which will promote dynamics and expression. Moreover, contrast can arise not only between the walls, floor and ceiling, but also in the color decoration of the walls. To decorate the interior in the Avant-garde style, the latest finishing materials: glass wallpaper, decorative plasters, metallized wallpaper, new paints and varnishes, laminated coatings, etc.

Furniture should also be a kind of experiment. The shape can be strictly geometric, with clear contours without unnecessary details. Avant-garde avoids small decoration and decoration. Excellent for the interior suitable furniture made of metal, wood, glass. Along with clear shapes and structures, absolutely shapeless objects, for example, huge cushion chairs, will look especially impressive.

In the spirit of the avant-garde - unthinkable designs - hanging beds or low beds without legs.

High-tech (from high technology - high technology) is considered to be ultra-modern styles. He was born in the revolutionary 60s of the last century; the designers of that time were inspired to their feats by representatives of the architectural movements of the 20s and 30s, especially the constructivists.

High-tech interiors are a harmonious combination of space and light, the shape of objects and their color, plus ideal proportions. This style has no special preferences in color or material.

The interiors of this style are distinguished by clarity, concreteness, and efficiency. There are no drawings, no decorative elements either. The surfaces of walls, ceilings and floors must be perfectly smooth and clean, and, accordingly, furniture, fabrics, and dishes must also be smooth and shiny.

In such an interior, everything light and with clear geometric shapes will be appropriate. Well-chosen chairs, armchairs or sofas made of chromed metal and leatherette look very stylish, practical and comfortable.

Instead of a cabinet in a high-tech interior, it is better to place shelving modules with closed and open sections. All metal furniture elements and fittings must be silver and shiny.

Fusion - a style, as a result of the influence and interaction of different cultures, traditions and technologies, allows you to mix everything in everything, achieving harmony between heterogeneous objects and elements. Without denying the previous canons and, at the same time, offering its own rules, the uninhibited style, the main principle of which is the free synthesis of color and material, borrows all kinds of elements and develops the logic of collage.

Rich, even provocative colors are considered stylish - crimson, green, turquoise, gold, inky blue, red, orange, black and white. It is important that harmony is maintained.

To make the interior look better, spotlights are used. Table lamps, sconces, floor lamps, candles and lighting in furniture cabinets create non-standard compositions, playing on the nuances of lighting.

Finishing texture is another distinctive feature Fusion Preference is given to textures characteristic of wildlife, such as zebra, leopard skin or their imitation. Products made of precious metals with natural materials, balusters, a fireplace with an adobe chimney, improvisation of expensive furniture and silk draperies. Textiles in the interior are one of the main tools of Fusion, because muslin curtains and heavy drapes, pillows and carpets can quickly transform a room. The key features of the style are a sense of proportion and good taste in the selection of details, as well as boldness in combinations.

Unconventional and emotional, strange and excessive Fusion style is a real masterpiece of decorative art. It is popular among people who are free to express themselves and strive to turn dull everyday life into a daily holiday.

If you are the happy owner of a store, shopping center, office or any other public space, then you should know that a corporate approach to the design of its interior will allow you to increase not only your client base, but also the profitability of your business, as well as improve your status. Therefore, it is very important to pay enough attention to the design project of a public space. It is better to immediately entrust its development to professionals who know what points to pay attention to.

What should the interior of public spaces be like?

The design project of public premises is developed based on the following simple rules:

• internal space should be used as efficiently and functionally as possible;
• the style that prevails in the design should be restrained and consistent with the chosen concept;
• the interior should look aesthetically pleasing and communicate high level establishments, promote the development of business and partnership relations.

An important task is to create an attractive exposition and visualization, especially when it comes to a commercial site. To increase sales, designers often use ready-made toolkits or experiment with new approaches.

Cost of developing design projects for non-residential premises

How much does public space design cost? The price of the service is affordable and is determined on an individual basis. It is influenced by the following factors:

• area of ​​non-residential premises,
• technical and architectural features of the building,
• level of complexity of the developed design project,
• volumes of upcoming work,
• purpose and type of public premises,
• number of interior visualizations,
• additional services.

The cost of work is indicated per 1 sq. meter and includes the development of technical specifications, a detailed building plan, sketches, photographs of the interior, all necessary circuits and documents that builders may need.

In our studio, the price for developing design projects for non-residential buildings is competitive and pleasantly surprises every customer. If you need more detailed information about designing the interiors of public spaces, then take advantage of our offer and contact a specialist by phone who will answer all your questions.

The purpose of the interior of public buildings (theater, library, etc.) dictates the choice of unique architectural, artistic, constructive and decorative means of constructing the interior space.

After all, the design of a building intended for sports, for example, is significantly different from a building where theatrical performances take place or trade transactions take place. Uniqueness creates difficulty in design and construction and obliges the designer to look for an expressive image of each such structure. On the other hand, the construction of public buildings according to standard projects makes you diversify interior decoration, use individual details inherent in regional characteristics and national traditions. In this case, it is possible to create a memorable public building provided creative approach, search for original means of expression.

Knowing the requirements for the interior of public buildings, let's try to understand the general principles of their design. The dimensions of the building, its tectonic variant, and figurative structure will determine the parameters of the halls, rooms, lobbies and the main volume for which a specific structure is being created. The ratio of all internal spaces will be maximally subordinated to the purpose of the building. For example, a theater must have a box office, a vestibule, a wardrobe, a foyer, auditorium and a complex of artistic, auxiliary premises, rehearsal halls, stage box.

Options for compositional solutions inside buildings can be different: this is the construction of a room in depth, along the axis (theaters), it can be turned frontally (stations), sometimes rooms are located on both sides of the corridor (hotels). In addition, the plan is sometimes dictated by the characteristics of the area where construction is taking place.

There are several methods for grouping rooms: halls of the same type are placed on one floor, halls that differ in size from the previous ones are placed on the next level, small rooms are located around the main volume, and finally, a separate building, for example a school gym, is built next to the main complex.

Often, internal spaces are separated by partitions, screens, furniture, and flights of stairs. All these structural elements provide functional purpose premises and at the same time artistically decorate the interiors.

The named techniques and principles of organizing space are applicable to all buildings, including standard structures. In specific types of premises, it is possible to use other ways of organizing space.

Original planning ideas are not an end in themselves. They are the result of architectural searches aimed at improving standard solutions, or the latest technological capabilities that have emerged: construction and finishing materials can improve old projects. It is important to take a creative approach to using existing experience.

We will trace the specific features of the structures using examples.

A group of theaters, cinemas, and concert halls are united by an entertainment function, but all these buildings have a specific purpose, which dictates the principles of organizing the internal environment. The halls also differ in capacity: some are designed for dozens of people, others can accommodate thousands of spectators.

Foyer of the Sunstar cinema in Rosario, Argentina

Universal cinema and concert halls combine the capabilities of showing films, theatrical performances, and holding ceremonial meetings. Visibility from the seats, acoustics, general and special lighting are carefully calculated. Film exhibition puts forward additional requirements: conditions are needed to demonstrate regular, wide-screen and wide-format films. At exhibition complexes there is a need to demonstrate several films at once, up to all-round viewing. The introduction of stereo display, the use of laser technology, and holography complicates the equipment, and this poses difficult tasks for architects, artists, and designers when developing projects for buildings and their interiors.

In addition to planning laws, it is advisable to take into account age characteristics. For each age group, it is advisable to determine the sizes of furniture, information and exhibition stands. Interiors should be saturated with light, sun, bright colors, greenery, flowers, music.

Libraries are widespread cultural and educational facilities. This is not a dead warehouse of manuscripts and books, but a constantly moving center of deep ideas and knowledge. Therefore, the system for storing existing units of information is intended to be the most in the best possible way provide functional processes, prompt search for materials the reader needs.

The optimal mode is ensured by a rational volumetric-spatial and technical solution. Increasing attention is being paid to automating the delivery and retrieval of books and the use of more compact media, such as microfilm. High hygienic requirements include noise reduction and air exchange. Interior decoration reading rooms meets not only their functional purpose, but is distinguished by rigor and beauty.

The functional purpose of enterprises determines their design. Restaurants and cafes provide for the placement of dance floors, stages, jukeboxes, and tape recorders. When planning, the service system is taken into account - by waiters or by the visitors themselves. There are many examples of successful artistic solutions. IN lately Halls are often set up in reconstructed buildings. More and more attention is being paid to thematic design: in some cases, works are used folk art, utensils, furniture made from tree trunks - everything that creates comfort, uniqueness of the atmosphere, and increases the aesthetic value of the interior.

In organizing the environment of public catering establishments, special attention is paid to artificial light. At the same time, the decorative effect is carefully thought out, which can be achieved using a variety of shapes, manufacturing methods decoration lampshades. It is important to take into account the mutual influence of light and color. Frequent use of light in combination with shades of blue, cyan, green and white emphasizes the cleanliness of the premises, but at the same time visually changes the color of the food, which may make it seem unedible.

Hotels, although they belong to the category of guest houses (dwellings), perform the functions of public buildings, they provide lobbies, consumer service points, retail premises, restaurants and cafes.

Modern guest complexes are a decoration of the city, and the decoration of their interiors is given particular importance. This is understandable: based on the housing, a visitor forms an opinion about the owner. That’s why you can often see works of folk art here, the works of the best masters.

Holiday houses and creative houses have a similar function. There are areas for creative communication, which is important for the life of a professional. This purpose dictated the construction of the Houses of architects, journalists, theater and film workers.

We all go to stores, make purchases, look at goods. That's why there are bookstores, manufactured goods, household goods, and food retail outlets. Their purpose is dictated by the set of equipment, the nature of the layout, and the service system. So that the buyer can choose products with minimum cost time, shops have counters and display cases on which trade items are laid out.

The organizers of the interior space of shopping centers are largely responsible for universal service. The designer strives to attract the attention of buyers to counters and display cases. The remaining elements of the space are done modestly, with the exception of panels, decorative furniture, and lighting. Thoughtful placement of modern equipment, display cases, workplaces, and service personnel contributes to the cultural organization of trade.

Now let's go to the station. He, a hard worker, lives intensely, without respite. A traveler is in a hurry to get to his flight, a porter is driving his cart as usual, and an electric postal car is buzzing busily. They announce landing. It is necessary to sell tickets without fuss, feed hundreds of departing passengers, give a comprehensive answer to a passenger who does not understand something, take it for safekeeping and return things in time... But can you really list everything?

King's Cross station in London

Vehicles: air, sea and river liners, intercity and local buses, trains - form powerful channels for the movement of human masses, stopping at transit stations and terminal points. The complex interweaving of technical capabilities in station equipment and passenger requests - all this is taken into account when organizing the internal space. The interiors must accurately target passengers, since many of them are visiting the station for the first time. To this end, the spaces are freed as much as possible from anything that could be directed along a different route, laid at a different level, installed in an adjacent main span, or even moved outside the building. This applies to utilities, premises, human and transport flows.

For this purpose, they are used artistic media- clarity of space-planning composition, visual connection with neighboring volumes, open levels and mezzanines, on which what is happening around is clearly visible. Visual communications, color coded, highlight the most important directions and help passengers navigate.

As for the type of transport, this aspect of design is not so significant when deciding on the interiors of stations. Multi-axis deep composition is found at large railway stations. One-way orientation is often done for small transit stations. Island or two-way orientation is typical for bus stations. The clarity of the construction of the main hall or waiting rooms - mandatory rule for all objects without exception.

Marine terminals may differ in layout and location relative to the shore, but the general principles are similar for all. The capacity varies: it depends on the tension of the lines. Since buildings are an important part of the face of the city, architects strive to emphasize the significance of the complex and expand the number of its functions. For this purpose, the building includes excursion bureaus, cafes, restaurants of urban significance, and a network of viewing platforms and walking terraces is being developed.

River terminals of large ports, as a rule, are designed for large number passengers. Most often, these buildings are located so that passengers have the opportunity to see expanse of water, surrounding port landscape: cranes, boats, ships. Marine painters decorate the walls decorative panels, genre paintings. The interest of even the most demanding viewer will be attracted by the magnificent panels of the Kyiv river station.

Expositions and exhibition complexes are arranged both in large-span special buildings and in any premises adapted for these purposes. Here it is appropriate to recall some pages of the history of EXPO - as international exhibitions are called: over the years, sufficient architectural experience has been accumulated, the essence of which is manifested not in the external effect of the exhibition, but in its internal persuasiveness, emotionally and expressively revealing the achievements of peoples.

First world exhibition took place in Hyde Park, London in 1851. Its motto was the call: “Let all nations work together on the great cause of human perfection.” In the future, a short formula for reviews becomes the rule. A special feature of the exhibition, its architectural triumph, was the Crystal Palace, built according to the design not of a specialist, but of gardener Joseph Paxton. The building was constructed of glass and metal, measuring 564X125 m, like a greenhouse.

Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace from an 1851 photograph

Everything here was new, specially made for the show: cars, handicrafts, French tapestries, Tunisian carpets, Russian malachite dishes. There was no shortage of entertainment, which attracted large numbers of people to London.

For the exposition, a well-thought-out route and skillful disclosure of the climax points are important. Theatrical effects are acceptable: lighting, color, music. These are the tools that recognized master designers use.

Exhibition halls require a change of products on display. But also general view the interior plays a significant role. The shields have a strict shape; the nature of the material used, as a rule, does not pretend to have an external effect. Everything is aimed at viewing works of art.

One should approach the formation of museums very responsibly. The Hermitage, the Russian Museum, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Catherine Palace in Pushkin, the Louvre in Paris, and the Leonardo da Vinci Museum in Milan are world famous. Their interiors themselves represent amazing creations of architects. Masterpieces of art are shown here, archaeological finds, utensils, samples of equipment.

Sometimes in museums the main thing is the design of small forms. For example, display cases are designed in such a way as to best display all kinds of relics: jewelry, dishes, knightly armor, coins. The atmosphere of the era is recreated in the halls. For example, magnificent interiors appeared before the eyes of visitors to the Menshikov Palace in St. Petersburg after its unique restoration.

Detail of the main hall of the Menshikov Palace on Universitetskaya embankment in St. Petersburg

The State Hermitage Museum is a monumental exhibit of the beautiful architecture of the palace. Outstanding architects - Rastrelli, Delamot, Felten, Quarenghi, Rossi, Montferrand, Stasov, Bryullov, Stackenschneider, Efimov and Klenze devoted their talent to creating a majestic monument. After the hurricane fire of 1837, the main interiors were recreated in almost a year by titanic labor of Russian craftsmen. In incredibly difficult conditions, V.P. Stasov led the work. The architect not only organized restoration work, but also improved the creations of his predecessors. Innovative designs, previously unknown in the world, were developed for floors. Main staircase, small and large antechambers, Armorial Hall. Portrait gallery 1812, St. George's and Field Marshal's Halls, Pompeii Gallery - this is not a complete list of the brilliant spaces created by the famous architect.

The Neva and Large enfilades are filled with creative decor arrangements with magnificent parquet flooring, wall molding, gilding, painted lampshades, gold-embroidered coats of arms, damask wallpaper, and mirrors. The Pompeii Gallery, entirely created by the great V.P. Stasov, is admirable.

The military gallery of 1812 also appeared in a new splendor. Created by Rossi and recreated by Stasov, it was a masterpiece of art. The vault was painted by painters Yakov and Vasily Dodonov, sculptors Alexander Terebenev and Nikolai Ustinov made stucco decoration. Numerous decorations were made by sculptors led by Timofey Dylev. The gallery, designed under the influence of Russia's victory in the Patriotic War of 1812, told about the heroism of the people. The post-war years were characterized by a brilliant flowering of architecture and art. The triumphal arch of Russia on Palace Square, the Alexander Column, together with the museum hall, captured the feat of the Russian army.

At all times, the role of museums has been given great value. Back in the 18th century, J. L. David said: “Make no mistake, citizens, the museum is by no means a useless collection of luxury and entertainment items that can only satisfy curiosity. It must become a serious school. Teachers will send their young pupils there; a father will take his son there At the sight of brilliant creations, the young man will feel how those abilities for science or art that nature breathed into him will kindle in him.”

Visiting museums is always a holiday. Their exhibits reveal a moral layer of feelings, preserve the memory of the dear past of their native land, its culture. Therefore, the interior design of museums is a subject of special concern for architects and designers.