The topic of our article is methods of connecting timber in corners and splicing on straight sections of walls. We will analyze several methods of varying complexity and describe their advantages and disadvantages.

To begin with, you can calculate required quantity timber using a calculator:

Wall length

m

Wall width

m

Wall height

m

Section of timber

150x150 mm. 180x180 mm. 200x200 mm.

Beam length

5 m. 6 m. 7 m. 8 m. 9 m. 10 m. 11 m. 12 m.

Let's start, however, with general requirements to connections.

Connect securely wooden walls in corners is not an easy task.

Requirements

What properties should the compound have?

• Strength. It is clear that the beam is supported by its own weight, the mass of the floors and roof; however, the connections will have to withstand the inevitable fluctuations in the linear dimensions of the timber with changes in atmospheric humidity and temperature.

Please note: a house built from so-called timber natural humidity, is most susceptible to deformation and experiences maximum internal stress.
On the contrary, material dried to 16-20% creates a minimum of problems for builders and the owner.

• Tightness. At a minimum, straight and corner joints of the timber should not be blown through: drafts are unlikely to please the residents of the house. The practical conclusion from this requirement is obvious: the more complex the form of the connection, the less likely it is for drafts to occur.

Corner joints with remainder

The corner connection of the beam with the rest has a couple of important advantages:

1. It is practically not blown through.
2. It is extremely reliable even without additional fixation. In this case, the mass of the upper rims holds the lower ones quite reliably. Displacement of wall elements becomes impossible even with moderate seismic activity.

What types of corner joints of timber with the rest exist?

Single-sided locking groove

Actually, the connection method is exhaustively described by its very name. On one side of the beam, a groove perpendicular to it is cut to exactly half the thickness. The length of the groove is equal to its width: it will have to accommodate half of the next, perpendicular beam.

As a result of this connection, each beam is securely fixed relative to the one lying below in one direction. Taking into account the additional fixation, the angle can be considered quite strong. The connection can be used for both square-section material and profiled timber.

Double-sided locking groove

The corner connection of a profiled beam with grooves on both the top and bottom sides is somewhat more complicated. The width of the grooves is the same; the depth in this case is equal to 1/4 of the thickness.

Why make things more difficult for yourself? Why is this connection better?

Because with double-sided cutting of grooves, each pair of beams is rigidly fixed in two directions. As a result, shifts due to changes in humidity and temperature fluctuations are practically impossible.

Four-sided locking groove

Ambiguous decision. On the one side, four-sided groove It seems like it should fix the corner joint even more reliably and make it completely windproof. On the other hand, in practice there are no great advantages relative to a double-sided groove, and the processing process becomes noticeably more complicated.

Note: the grooves can have a rather complex asymmetrical shape; but in this case, their selection is usually not done manually, but on machines during production.

Corner joints without residue

This type of connection is more economical: the material does not protrude beyond the edge of the wall. The price of saving is slightly less reliability and worse wind protection.

So, what can be the corner connections of profiled timber or square material without leaving a residue?

Butt-butt

The simplest method comes down to laying timber of the required length without any additional processing. The material fits into checkerboard pattern; The builder is insured against displacements with dowels, galvanized plates or steel brackets.

The connection is extremely simple, requires a minimum of time and can be done with your own hands even without any carpentry skills. However, assembling a corner from raw wood in this way is at least unwise: deformation during drying is guaranteed to occur.

In addition, it is almost impossible to provide protection from wind: any seal during the notorious changes in humidity (and, therefore, linear dimensions) will not protect against the appearance of gaps.

On dowels

The butt joint, however, can be modernized, after which it will lose a significant part of its shortcomings. It is enough to select the grooves on the end of one beam and the side surface of the other in which the key will be located.

The key is guaranteed to protect the corner from blowing and from moving the walls in one direction. However, the keyed connection is still capable of moving in the other direction.

To prevent this from happening, a special dovetail shape is used: it is made to expand from the middle to the edges. Of course, both the production of the key itself and the selection of grooves for it in this case are somewhat more complicated.

Half a Tree

How is a half-tree join performed? The end of each beam is cut to half its thickness; the length of the remaining spike is equal to the width.

There is no need to talk about any inherent reliability of the connection: it is provided by the dowels. The corner is also quite easy to blow through: after shrinking, grooves may appear in it; in fact, that’s why after preservation for shrinkage wooden houses usually caulked.

The problem with blowing can be partly alleviated by an additional key; it will also protect the walls from mutual displacement.

Another modification of the method is “claw” docking, in which the ends of the beam are slightly larger complex shape. In this case, we provide greater strength: the mutual displacement of the walls is prevented by the mass of the upper crowns.

Connecting the corners of the beam “half-tree” and “into the claw”.

Warm corner

Connection of timber in warm corner(otherwise - in the root tenon) insures the walls from mutual displacement and provides excellent protection from the wind.

The instructions for preparing the material are not too complicated:

1. The end of one of the beams is cut in such a way as to leave a tenon with a length and width of one third of the section of the beam. The tenon may be rectangular or have an extension from the base to the end.
2. The corresponding groove is selected on the second beam. You should not adjust the size to within a fraction of a millimeter: the groove must accommodate not only the tenon, but also the seal (jute, tow, hemp, felt, etc.)
3. The tenon is placed into the groove from above, after which the crown is fixed with dowels.

Direct connections

If the length straight section walls are longer than the length of the material used, the latter has to be spliced.

The fact that two wall elements are joined on the same line and not at an angle does not change the priorities. Durability and reliable wind protection are still important.

How can they be provided?

• Butt splicing with dowels prevents mutual transverse displacement of the crowns; At the same time, the key blocks the way for drafts. Of course, in this case too it is compacted with natural fiber - jute, felt, etc.

• The root tenon is an excellent replacement for dowels. With direct splicing, it moves from the edge of the beam to its middle.

• An oblique lock is the most labor-intensive and material-intensive method. Two beams overlap by at least two of their own sections; Strict requirements for fitting both halves of the lock do not make life easier either.

How do our sacrifices pay off? First of all, increased strength and the fundamental impossibility of gaps appearing due to any shrinkage.

Nageli

Finally, a few comments regarding the fixation of wall elements.

• The pins should have a length of approximately 4/5 of the total height of the two crowns. However, it is also practiced to fix three beams with one dowel.
• Their optimal diameter- 25 - 30 millimeters.
• The step between two dowels is no more than one and a half meters; At the same time, fixing the corners with them is mandatory.
• Two horizontal rows of dowels are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, offset from row to row.
  
• The traditional material for their manufacture is birch. The fibers must be parallel to the axis; knots and cross-cutting are strictly prohibited.

Conclusion

In the article we touched only on the most popular docking methods. As usual, the video in this article will confirm all of the above. Good luck in construction!

Currently, one of the most promising areas in residential construction is the construction of wooden houses. Despite the huge variety modern materials, practical people who care about their comfort and the health of their loved ones, prefer to build houses from the most natural and environmentally friendly material– wood, namely profiled timber.

Profiled timber has properties for which it is highly valued in construction: it provides an optimal indoor microclimate and retains heat inside the house. The greatest efficiency of heat conservation is observed only when certain systems construction, including cutting corners using technology "warm corner".

What is the technology of cutting into a warm corner?

The “warm corner” system has become widespread in the field of residential construction due to its ease of installation and a huge number of advantages. The technology itself is quite simple and, if you have certain skills, you can lay timber in a very short time. If we talk in simple language, a warm corner is a felling (cut) of a log house with a ledge. During the construction of the structure, the beams are joined together in such a way that one corner element with a “tenon” fits into another corner element with a groove, the size of which ideally matches the parameters of the tenon.

The protrusion is made as close as possible to the edge of the beam, alternating crown joints. This allows for maximum structural stability. Cutting into a warm corner is good because when building a house, the corner elements are connected so firmly that they form a kind of castle without gaps at the joints.

There are several ways to cut timber joints, each of which has individual characteristics and recommendations for connecting the corner elements of the timber:

"To a warm corner"(dovetail) - the protrusion and groove are made in the shape of a trapezoid, due to which such a butt joint is characterized by the most reliable and durable. The outer end of the “tail” is larger than the inner one, due to which the lock cannot be disconnected, but rather closes stronger naturally. We are hammering the joint. This method perfectly protected from moisture entering the joint. This is exactly the option we We offer our clients a free promotion!
"Into the floor of a tree"- a recess half the size of its length is made in the end part of one beam. The design requires additional fastening of the beams. The most commonly used nails or dowels are made of wood. This method is simpler than the previous one, but provides less thermal insulation of the structure.
"Butt cutting"– is considered the most elementary way of laying profiled timber. The timber is laid in a checkerboard pattern, which significantly reduces the time spent on building a residential building. If you have certain skills, build wooden frame You can do it at home in a few hours.

There are also other options for cutting joints, but due to the laboriousness of the process and unjustification from the point of view of the final result, they are used extremely rarely.

Advantages and benefits of a warm corner

The construction of houses from profiled timber is very popular not only due to natural properties material, but also the advantages provided by the “warm corner” technology:

• High speed of frame assembly - the timber is manufactured in our production in a form ready for construction and does not require additional processing, which helps reduce the time spent on completing construction;
• Assembling timber using the “warm corner” system in most cases does not require additional fastening. At the same time, the joint itself is strong and reliable, and the finished structure is stable;
• The required level of heat is maintained inside the room and an optimal microclimate is created;
• Thanks to the ideal geometric shape of the corner, the house does not require additional finishing outside and inside.

Usually when made of profiled timber, connecting corners using the “warm corner” system is carried out for an additional fee. But, when ordering construction from our company, specialists will cut out a warm corner completely free of charge, since this service is included in the standard package of the building.

It’s warm in winter, cool in summer, houses made of wood, a material with excellent thermal insulation properties, are becoming increasingly popular not by chance. Wood improves air and fills space useful substances, aromas. But how to protect a building from cold winds, frost and heat, and make it truly warm and comfortable - warm corner technology will help.

What is technology?

High quality warm corner

The construction market is replete with offers wooden houses, whose popularity is growing day by day. People tired of big cities are striving to live in environmentally friendly homes, away from the city and closer to nature. Today, houses made of profiled timber, which meet all the requirements for comfortable housing, are in particular demand. The material creates an ideal indoor microclimate and has an attractive appearance.

However, quality construction timber house possible only with the use of warm corner technology. What is this technology? Simply put, this is joining timber in the corners of the house using protrusions. The wood is sawn in such a way as to ensure a tight fit of the parts without gaps or cracks. The corners of the cuts are joined together by a tongue-and-groove system, that is, one end fits into the other absolutely tightly. The crowns, by their own weight, add strength to the connection, and the entire structure is reliable and stable.

Important! A warm corner is a strong, locking connection of corners, consisting of surfaces perfectly adjacent to each other. Connecting the timber into a warm corner guarantees heat retention in winter without blowing or freezing.

An ideal warm corner involves additional insulation of joints and crowns with jute or other materials. There are different ways cutting joints to form a warm corner has been known since ancient times. Each method has its own differences, techniques for connecting corner elements.

Methods for joining timber

All existing options joints forming a warm corner have the same principle of fastening, the essence of which is that one end of the beam is fixed in the other, but the fastening methods differ.

Advice! When choosing a developer company, give preference to one that does not add a separate cost to the construction of warm corners when building a house. A self-respecting company that guarantees the quality of work will never emphasize individual technological elements in independent stages of work. If builders offer a “butt-to-butt” connection, refuse their services.

What types of connections guarantee the formation of warm corners.

Docking into the wood floor

This is the name for the option of connecting beams, in which half the width of the beam is cut on one wall, and half on the other, the cuts are connected at an angle. This joining option is not as reliable as a claw connection.

Docking in the paw

Docking into the paw can be done both with a remainder (when the end of the beam enters the corner of the wall) and without it. A notch is made in the wood, and the end of another beam is inserted into the paw. When chopping into the paw without any residue, you need it ideally flat timber, when cutting with the remainder, the length of the logs should be half a meter longer. Cutting into the paw has varieties, they are joined into a paw with a cut, a paw with a tooth. The labyrinth and dovetail combination are also types of claw cutting.

Dovetail docking

The method of attaching a dovetail, otherwise called an oblique foot, differs in that the cuts are made trapezoidal. This method is considered the most reliable and stable for the structure of the house. Variety this method– half-joint swallowtail, when the tenon is cut into a cone shape, this connection is used when the beam is shorter than the wall, which it, as it were, catches with a hook.

Straight tenon connection

A straight tenon connection is used when the length of the wall and beam are the same, suitable for small buildings. A groove is sawn in one beam, a tenon in another, the connection can be perfectly matched, which is what the warm corner technology requires. A variation of this connection is the corner tenon. In this case, the spike is made of a triangular shape. The connection is also tight and reliable.

Important! To build a residential building using the warm corner technology, you should buy profiled timber with a thickness of 140-200mm; another thickness is not possible for this.

So, a reliable and effective warm corner connection used in low-rise construction should be as tight as possible. The mating beams are cut from a third or a quarter of the thickness of the timber; to completely seal the joint, jute or felt insulation of plant origin is used.

To give greater strength to the connection, they can be used wooden dowels with a round cross-section, through or blind type. Dowels help ensure tighter connections; shrinkage of the house will occur faster and more correctly. The joints alternate in a checkerboard pattern, even with a tenon, odd with a groove.

Pros of technology

Correct application of technology contributes to the tightness of the structure, but not only that. Pros:

• reduction in fastening costs;
• improving the quality of house construction;
• significant reduction in heat loss;
• increased operating efficiency;
• aesthetic significance of the building;
• saving building material.

When dry, profiled timber with natural moisture changes its geometry and can warp or bend. After installation, the wood shrinks in a fixed position, which prevents the timber from deforming. Since cutting out the tongue-and-groove elements is done in advance, at the preparation stage, the assembly of the house itself does not require large quantity time and labor costs. Anyone can assemble a house with their own hands, saving money.

Advice! At the preliminary stage, you should not refuse consultations with experienced craftsmen, first you should learn how to make blanks, understand the intricacies technological process and only then, implement self-assembly home or bathhouse.

The disadvantages of the technology include the complexity of its implementation. To cut connecting elements correctly with a perfect fit requires practical knowledge and skills. An incorrectly cut tenon during shrinkage can lead to cracking of the timber.

When building a house and bathhouse from timber, two main types of corner connections are used. This is cutting the corners of the walls "half a tree" And "to a warm corner" or another way "tongue and groove" These are the types of connections we will talk about:

Connection type “Warm corner”

Connection in "Warm Corner" - this type of corner connection is reliable, effective and has long been used in low-rise construction timber houses, bathhouses and other wooden buildings.

The essence of the method is as follows: in one of the mating bars inside A tenon of a certain size is cut out at each corner, and a groove with the same dimensions is cut out in the other beam mating with the first beam.

Most projects require cutting a mortise and tenon that is ¼ or even 1/3 the thickness of the timber. Then, when constructing the walls, both mating beams are connected. It is very important that the connection between the tongue and groove is as tight as possible; the smaller the gap between these two elements, the warmer the angle will be.

For better connection tenon and groove in modern construction inter-crown insulation is used, which can be vegetable felt. This ensures even better sealing of the corner. In addition, to ensure a more rigid binding, the different layers of beams alternate with tongues and grooves.

Corner connection unit “Warm corner”

Technology "Warm Corner" or otherwise in "Tongue and groove" ensures structural strength, due to the absence of gaps between the beams, the external attractiveness of the building and, most importantly, excellent thermal insulation.

Half-tree connection type

The next cutting option that we will consider is cutting "half a tree"- this is a method whose name was fixed due to the removal of the upper or lower half of the thickness of its mass at the corners of the beams. Assembly begins with drilling holes for the dowel in the corners of the beams in such a way that one dowel can connect several beams at once.

After laying the first crown, connected by dowels at the corners, a seal is placed on it and the bars of the next crown are placed. Having completed the corner connections of the second crown, they begin to connect the crowns together. To do this, holes are drilled in the second crown every 100-150 cm and dowels are driven in. The dowel hammered into the second crown must enter the body of the first crown by at least half its thickness. If the dowels are long - at least 2.5 times the thickness of the crown, and the tool allows you to drill holes to such a depth, then a third crown is laid and three crowns are joined together at once.

Half-tree corner connection unit

This connection is used as the main method when installing the harness timber houses and when increasing the length of the beam by connecting several beams. In addition, it can be used in the construction of walls with mandatory subsequent cladding decorative material. It is used as the main one by many construction organizations.