The law does not prohibit or regulate the cultivation of tobacco for personal use. Unable to refuse bad habit, V recent years many smokers have returned to the forgotten cultivation of tobacco in summer cottages.

Government policy annually leads to an increase in the price of tobacco products. What dictated this? Concern for the health of the nation or an attempt to fill the treasury at the expense of smokers? The harm of smoking to humans has been proven. Much more dangerous than nicotine, the content of which in 1 cigarette does not exceed 1 gram, is only the chemicals in its composition: lead, arsenic, cadmium, phenol, methane, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, etc.

As part of the savings

Nicotine-containing plants are not cultivated for the sake of beauty or to repel house moths. The main driver of gardening activity is money. The harmful attachment to incense sticks has become much more expensive. Seeds of all varieties and varieties of tobacco are very small; it is more profitable to buy them by weight. There are at least 4000 seeds in 1 gram of shag. Noble varieties are even smaller - 10 - 12 thousand grains of seeds.

The ubiquitous shag will cost no more than 150-200 rubles per 10 grams. Packaging in colored bags from large manufacturers varies from 10 to 50 rubles per 0.01 gram, depending on the type of tobacco. The most affordable option is to order seed material online from private traders who do not skimp on portions. In order to sow 1 hectare of land, 1/4 gram of seeds is enough.

From one adult plant, with proper care, you can get up to 200 grams of dry leaf. Different varieties differ significantly in the nicotine content of the final product. The yield from the bush will be up to 20-30 grams of nicotine, which is equivalent to 1.5 - 2 packs of cigarettes. On 1 m you can place 5 - 7 large-leaf tall tobacco. Thus, highlighting on your personal plot 1/2 hectare of land for planting tobacco, you can completely provide yourself with it for the whole year and save a lot on cigarettes.

Village self-sad

Shag (Nicotiana rustica) has firmly established itself as a country tobacco thanks to the increased unpretentiousness of this representative of the nightshade family. Shag is grown not only through seedlings, but also by direct sowing. Habitat from southern latitudes to the Arctic.

In Ukraine and southern Russia, shag is sown from the second half of April to the beginning of May in shallow furrows, sprinkled with humus up to 1 cm. In regions with a more severe climate, sowing is carried out from the third decade of May to the beginning of June.

Samosad has been smoked in Russia since time immemorial and grown in industrial scale. Due to the high nicotine content in the leaves, shag is harvested and dried as a whole bush, and all above-ground parts of the plant are used to prepare smoking powder. When ripe, you can get up to 30 grams of seed material from one bush and provide it with a substantial supply not only for yourself, but also for your neighbors.

In the middle zone, it is recommended to grow tobacco seedlings at home or sow under a film cover. Seed germination begins at a temperature of at least +7-8 °C, and active growth begins at + 20°C. Care consists of thinning the plantings, loosening the soil, removing weeds and topping (removing flowers and buds).

Yellow (numbers 106 and 109)– low-growing (70-80 cm) early-ripening varieties with light green leaves. It takes 80 days from sowing to ripening. With the seedling method, which is preferred, 40 days. The yield is average - up to 40 grams of the final product in dry condition.

Mopacho – annual plant with large fleshy leaves and stem. Height up to 1-1.2 meters. It is distinguished by its vitality and very high, compared to other varieties, nicotine content (15-20 times higher).

Green 317 is a tall, mid-season variety. Resistant to bacterial grouse disease. Unpretentious in cultivation. Needs fertilizing with mineral and organic fertilizers. From landing to technical ripeness 80-85 days.

Pehlets (varieties)– different high yield. Green leaves small or medium-sized up to 12-18 pieces per plant. From planting to harvesting 70-80 days. Disease resistance is high.

The popularity of this culture is so great that almost every region can boast of its own local variety of shag: Yeletskaya, Crimean, Samara, Moscow, etc.

Noble tobacco

Unlike the unpretentious shag, “noble” or ordinary smoking tobacco, which is best grown from seeds by seedlings, is a very heat-loving plant.

Popular varieties

Breeders different countries Many varieties of tobacco have been developed. Not least important are domestic varieties patented in Krasnodar Territory. Which one to choose is a matter of taste.

The most popular varieties:

Samsun 85 – mid-season high-yielding variety, belonging to the “Samsun” variety. A plant up to 1-1.5 meters high with large dark green petiolate leaves. Planting seedlings from mid-March to early April. The first mature leaves are broken off in the second half of July. Under favorable conditions, you can collect up to 50 pieces from a bush. Famous for its delicate, pleasant oriental aroma. Nicotine content in raw materials is up to 2.1%.

Virginia 202 and Virginia Gold– the sweetest varieties belong to the “Virginia” variety. The sugar content in golden Virginia raw materials reaches 20%. Early ripening, disease resistant. Productivity up to 25 leaves per bush. They are characterized by a low content of nicotine and harmful tars.

Trapezond 92 is an early-ripening, high-yielding representative of the “Trapezond” variety. The height of the bush is up to 1.6-1.8 meters. The leaves are petiolate yellow-green. The first leaf cutting can be done after 70-80 days. Productivity up to 40 pieces per plant.

Havana – used for making cigars and smoking mixtures. A powerful plant up to 1.8 meters in height with very large and long petiolate leaves (up to 80 cm). Sowing seedlings in early March. Planting in the ground or greenhouse at the 5-leaf stage. The taste and strength of Havana tobacco depends on the composition of the soil and the amount of sun. The first breakout is at the end of July.

It is better to plant several species and compare them according to key parameters: ripening time, disease resistance, and the sensations of consuming the final product.

Sowing seedlings

Tobacco seeds long time save good germination, but require special “attention”. It's worth being patient: growing smoking tobacco from seeds at home, at first, will cause a lot of trouble, however, with proper care, it will reward you with a generous harvest.

The soil for sowing seeds should be loose and nutritious. Use a mixture of humus, sand and fertile soil V equal parts. It would be useful to disinfect it by pouring boiling water or “frying” it for several minutes in microwave oven. This will help grow healthy seedlings.

Seeds can be sown dry or soaked. Place in a humid environment (in gauze or a piece of cloth) for several days until sprouts appear. This will shorten the time needed to grow tobacco in an apartment by 12 weeks.

The germinated seeds are distributed over the surface of a moist substrate, covered with a transparent lid, glass or film and placed in a warm and bright place. The soil is periodically moistened with a spray bottle. When the first shoots appear, remove the lid from the planting container, but continue to monitor the temperature and humidity conditions.

Features of care

You need to have some basic skills to understand how to grow smoking tobacco at home and get strong and viable seedlings:

• Plants require a lot of light to grow properly.
• The soil must be kept moist at all times. Water only warm water from the sprayer.
• At the stage of 3–4 true leaves, plants are planted in peat or disposable 200 gram containers.
• Doesn't like tobacco acidic soils. Deoxidize with infusion of ash (1 tablespoon per liter of water) or soda (0.5 teaspoon of soda per liter of water).

Seedlings grow very slowly, so tobacco should be planted in early spring so that the young plants are planted permanent place reached 14 - 15 cm in height.

In the open ground

Plants are planted in a permanent place when the threat of frost has passed and the soil has warmed up to at least + 10 °C. A correctly selected and prepared site for planting will protect the seedlings from most diseases.

Crop rotation should be observed, and tobacco should never be planted after other nightshades: tomatoes, potatoes, etc.

For seedlings, choose a sunny place protected from the wind. Add humus to the holes and mineral fertilizers. Spill a liter of water per hole. Plant in rows, maintaining the required distance. For medium-growing varieties - 30-35 cm and 40-50 cm for tall ones.

The soil between the rows is loosened, removing weeds. Watering seedlings and fertilizing in open ground is carried out no more than 23 times. Large quantity water impairs taste finished product. During intensive growth, the plants are topped and pinched, except for specimens left for seeds.

When ripe, the color of the leaves changes and they are gradually broken off from the plant for subsequent drying and fermentation.

Not only the chosen variety has a huge impact on the taste of tobacco, but also the soil in which it grows, humidity, number of sunny days, proper drying and fermentation of the raw materials.

Video: growing tobacco from A to Z

Have you already experienced the tobacco business?

In our country, cigar or cigarette tobacco can be grown in open soil exclusively in the southern regions. As for the northern and central regions, they will need greenhouse structures for this. But shag has become widespread throughout Russia (with the exception of the Far North, of course).

Once growing tobacco at home for the purpose of its further sale was considered a common activity for many families, and samosada, as it was called, was a common product in the markets. This was largely due to the high cost of tobacco products, but later, when cigarettes became noticeably cheaper, this type of business began to decline. Be that as it may, even today shag has a lot of admirers, so the question of how to grow it on your property is still relevant.

Let's say you are a smoker and live somewhere in the southern part of the country. You have several acres of land on which you would like to grow tobacco. In this case, you should start with simple calculations: one cigarette contains approximately 1 g of tobacco (the lower the quality, the less), which means there is about 20 g in a pack. On average, a smoker needs one pack of cigarettes per day or from 6 to 8 kg of tobacco annually. If conditions are favorable, then one plant can produce up to 30 g of tobacco, while 6-7 specimens can be planted per 1 m². If the variety is large-leaved, then the planting density should be 30x70 cm, and if we are talking about shag or plants with medium leaves, then 20x70 cm. It follows from this that in total it is necessary to plant from 270 to 300 plants, which will require about 40 m² . Moreover, the tobacco itself in this case will be extremely strong, so it will have to be diluted with stems. If this suits you, if you consider everything quite appropriate, or if you plan to sell the products, then proceed according to the step-by-step instructions given in this article.

Pay attention! All parts of plants contain nicotine, a powerful cardio- and neurotoxin that leads to short-term euphoria (the most of this substance is in the leaves - from 0.75% to 2.8%).

Step-by-step instructions for growing tobacco

This article will talk about how to grow ordinary tobacco. If you prefer Nicotiana rustica (this is the scientific name of shag), then you will not need most of the tips presented, since this variety is less heat-loving and easier to care for. In the regions middle zone it is sown in May in open soil (under film or any other covering material) so that it has time to develop and produce a good harvest.

Traditionally, work should begin with the choice planting material. There are many tobacco varieties, but you should only choose local ones.

Table. Tobacco varieties zoned in the CIS

Name	Image	Brief description
		The time interval between planting and the last break is on average from 103 to 134 days. There are 27 technically suitable leaves on each plant. Nicotine concentration reaches 2.6%
		The variety is a late-ripening variety, characterized by intensive foliage development. The nicotine content is quite low, and the time that passes between planting and the last withdrawal is approximately 120 days
		It is characterized by increased resistance to a number of irritating factors, including viral diseases. The growing season is short. Leaves are broken 98 days after planting
		Another intensively ripening type of tobacco, which belongs to early-ripening crops (the time between planting and breaking is somewhere from 105 to 110 days). The percentage of technically suitable leaves is quite high - up to 50 pieces. from one plant

Pay attention! There is also Kentucky Burley, which has the advantage of having a low sugar content, as a result of which the leaves do not ferment. Immediately after drying, the leaves are steamed and crushed for consumption.

Stage one. We germinate the seeds

The technologies for breeding tobacco and shag are similar in many ways, but the main difference is the same ripening period. Thus, shag ripens in 75-80 days, and tobacco, therefore, in 105-120 days. You also need to remember that the seeds in in this case are not grown in the garden, i.e. in open soil - this should be done in a greenhouse or, alternatively, at home, using pots or seedling boxes.

Step 1. First, prepare the previously purchased seeds - 2-3 days before sowing, soak them in a solution of tartaric acid (proportions - 3 ml per 1 g of grains) for 24 hours. The air temperature during this time should fluctuate between 25-30°C. This simple procedure will ensure earlier ripening of seedlings (approximately 7 days) and an increase in germination by 20%.

Step 2. After 24 hours, remove the seeds from the solution, dry them a little and place them in a ceramic/enamel bowl in a 3-centimeter layer.

Step 3. Keep the material in this form for several days, moistening and stirring at least 5-6 times daily. As for the air temperature, it should already be 27-28°C.

Stage two. Preparing the greenhouse

Due to the fact that it is more expedient to grow tobacco seedlings in a greenhouse, we will focus on this option. So, take care of a nutrient layer consisting of humus and sand in a ratio of 3:4. Fill the greenhouse with the resulting mixture in a layer 10 cm thick.

Seeds should be sown in last days February or early March, so take extra care to ensure that the greenhouse structure is heated. The area of ​​the structure will be small, so this will not cause any particular difficulties.

Stage three. We sow seeds and grow seedlings

Step 1. Immediately before sowing, moisten the nutrient layer (water consumption when watering should be 1 l/m²). Over time, by the way, the watering rate will have to be increased to approximately 4 l/m².

Step 2. Sow tobacco grains superficially, scattering them evenly over moist soil. The consumption should be 4 g/m² (if you sow shag, then 20 g/m²).

Step 3. After sowing, carefully press the seeds into the soil about 0.3 cm (for shag this figure is 0.7 cm), then water. Water with extreme caution, otherwise the grains may go too deep.

Step 4. Reduce the air temperature in the greenhouse to 20°C.

Further care of seedlings consists of meeting several important requirements.

1. Regularly feed the plants with a solution prepared from potassium salt, superphosphate and ammonium nitrate (20 g, 50 g and 30 g, respectively, for every 10 liters of liquid).
2. Consumption ready solution should be approximately 2 l/m² of soil.
3. You can also use organic fertilizer– chicken manure diluted with water in a ratio of 1:7.
4. 7 days before the expected transplant date, reduce the frequency and abundance of watering. Moreover, the tobacco seedlings do not need to be watered at all for the last three days.
5. Hardened and high-quality plants should have an elastic stem that does not break when bent.
6. A few hours before transplanting, water the plants with plenty of water - this will make it easier to remove them from the soil.

After 40-45 days, when the height of the stems reaches 15 cm, thickness - 0.5 cm, and each plant already has several true leaves, transplant the seedlings into open soil.

Stage four. Transplanting seedlings

During transplantation, the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm should rise to about 10°C (the specific indicator depends on the climate zone).

Step 1. Make shallow holes first. The distance between them should be from 25 cm to 30 cm, and the row spacing should be at least 70 cm.

Step 2. Pour 0.5-1 liters of water into each well.

Step 3. Remove the plants one at a time and replant them in the holes. In essence, the technology is almost the same as when planting tomatoes. However, remember that any transplant is a shock to the seedlings, so try to preserve the soil in which the plants grew on the root system.

Step 4. Before planting, dip each plant in a special mixture consisting of clay and cow dung.

Step 5. Fill the holes with soil and compact it carefully.

Stage five. Further care

In the future, regularly weed and loosen the rows, and also apply fertilizing. During the entire growing season, tobacco should be watered no more than 2-3 times (water consumption should be 8 liters per bush). Also periodically perform pinching (removing side shoots) and topping (breaking off inflorescences).

Possible diseases

There are two most common problems with tobacco. Let's look at how to deal with them.

1. Aphid. To fight it, use Rogor-S.
2. Downy mildew. It can be defeated with a 4% suspension of zineb, added in a proportion of 5 l/10 acres, or with a 0.3% solution of polycarbacin.

Features of harvesting

Step 1. As soon as the leaves turn yellow, you can remove them mandatory starting from the lower tiers. It is important that each leaf is undamaged and dry.

Step 2. Transfer all these leaves to the shade for 12 hours, carefully laying them in a 30-centimeter layer. During this time they will become quite accustomed.

Step 3. Next, put the leaves on cords and hang them to dry. If you will dry it in the open air, then choose a suitable place for this, protected from precipitation and wind. If the weather is sunny, the leaves will dry faster, and the process will take no more than 2 weeks in total.

Step 4. Take 5-6 cords with foliage, folded four times, and hang them on a special hook. A similar design is also known as a gavanka.

Step 5. Move one or more havankas indoors for subsequent drying, hanging them on the crossbars.

Step 6. When fall arrives, remove the leaves, smooth them out carefully, and stack them. That's it, the tobacco is ready for use!

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in growing tobacco; the main thing is desire, as well as compliance with all the tips given in the article.

Video - How to remove and dry tobacco

Video - Film about growing tobacco from A to Z

Video - Features of growing tobacco

Avid gardeners grow whatever they grow in gardens and summer cottages. An unexpected option is smoking tobacco. Why not? For a gardener-smoker, this is a good way to stock up on your own.

Features of the growing process

The main feature of tobacco is the wide variety of varieties. They differ greatly in the methods of planting, care and harvesting. For example, shag is the most unpretentious option. If you grow ordinary tobacco in your garden, you will have to put in a little more effort. He loves warmth more, less water.

IMPORTANT! To grow tobacco in the garden, it is better to find out in advance which variety is suitable for a particular area.

In general, tobacco is planted, processed and fed like many other plants. For example, the process of transplanting smoking tobacco seedlings into the ground is extremely similar to planting tomatoes. It follows that anyone can grow tobacco in a garden.

Planting by seeds

In order to get tobacco seedlings, you need to sow the seeds. Tobacco is quite capricious and heat-loving, so it requires proper care and knowledge of the process. At the first stage of interaction with it, it is recommended to plant a small number of units of the plant in order to understand the principle of its cultivation.

Tobacco seeds have some features:

• size. They are so small that they look more like dust. Hence the peculiarities of planting tobacco seeds for smoking: they can simply be “scattered” over the surface of the ground and only slightly pressed;
• germination. Tobacco seeds retain their ability to germinate for a long time. This means that fairly old seeds can be sown;
• quantity. To obtain a result equal to a smoker’s annual supply, a quarter of a gram of tobacco seeds is enough. Such a small amount of material produces a decent amount of harvest.

Due to these features, a specific landing is required. Tobacco seeds are not planted deep. The maximum depth for planting them is up to 1 cm. To do this, simply scatter them on the surface of the soil and only slightly press them into it. After this, carefully pour a thin stream of water. If the pressure is too strong, the seeds will easily be washed out and spread over the surface, going beyond the allotted limits.

ATTENTION! Tobacco seeds can be planted slightly germinated, this will speed up the process of seedling germination. To germinate seeds, you need to soak them in water 4-5 days before planting.

An important factor influencing the rate of seed germination is temperature. It should be within 25-28 degrees, otherwise the seeds may not sprout at all.

Video - technology for planting tobacco seeds

Planting seedlings in open ground

How to understand that tobacco seedlings are ready to move to open ground vegetable garden? There are a number of signs for this:

• seedlings have a height of about 15 cm;
• leaves have formed on it, there are about 5 pieces on each plant;
• the root system has developed sufficiently;
• frosts have passed and the likelihood of their occurrence is minimal. This factor is extremely important, since any sudden drop in temperature can destroy the entire crop.

ATTENTION! Before transplanting into open ground, tobacco plants must be hardened off. Otherwise, they will not be able to adapt to changed conditions.

The essence of hardening is to reduce the frequency of watering and periodically remove the seedlings to the open air. This will help strengthen the plants and make them a little more resilient to the elements.

The process of planting in the ground is not very different from the standard one. Each bush is planted in separate holes, after pouring plenty of water into it. In addition, it is worth planting tobacco with a small amount of soil so that the root system is not severely damaged. This will help the plants survive the stress of replanting more easily and “get over it” faster.

Care and feeding

Tobacco care involves regularly performing the following actions:

• weeding from weeds is necessary as they appear;
• loosening the soil around the plant. This helps oxygen saturate the soil and nourish the tobacco root system;
• feeding It is similar to what is made for tomatoes;
• watering. Tobacco does not like abundant watering; it is better to water it rarely, but abundantly. Just during the summer (not very hot) 3-4 times are enough.

When to harvest and how to dry it?

Growing tobacco is not as responsible a process as harvesting and drying it. The result directly depends on the correct implementation of these actions. Improper drying or fermentation can ruin all efforts to grow tobacco for smoking.

Tobacco that has changed the color of the leaves should be removed. If at first, at the stage of maturation and growth, they are green, then when they are ready for harvesting, they are closer to yellow. If the same bush has leaves of different colors, then they should be collected when ready. Hence, the harvesting process sometimes drags on for a long time.

Tobacco drying takes place in several stages:

Pests and diseases

To protect the crop from pests, it is worth knowing which ones threaten tobacco.

Name	Symptoms, characteristics	Danger
Peach aphid	Pest attacking plant leaves	Threatens complete destruction of the crop or a significant reduction in the quantity
Mosaic	Appears as the name suggests. Some leaves remain green, some turn yellow	Lack of treatment threatens plant destruction
Blackleg	The plant lies down, the stem becomes thinner, withers	Destruction of a plant
Black rot	Plant wilting, drying out	Death of the crop
Powdery mildew	White-yellow coating in the form of a cobweb on the leaves, gradually completely covering the plant	Reduces yield, negatively affects the quality of tobacco

Diseases can completely cover the entire plant and spread to neighboring ones. Treatment is carried out in the same ways as for other plants. Good for processing copper sulfate and other means depending on the degree of plant damage.

Video - step-by-step instructions for growing tobacco in the garden

Thus, it is possible to grow tobacco for smoking in the garden. To do this, it is enough to care for it in approximately the same way as other plants. Tobacco does not like abundant watering, but loosening should not be neglected. In addition, air temperature is important. After harvesting, it is important to properly dry and ferment it. It's a shame to lose harvested tobacco at the last stage, so the drying process should be treated with special responsibility.

A plant like tobacco is not difficult to grow, but after harvesting it, fermentation is not a very fast process. But this is also possible at home, and smoking tobacco grows almost everywhere, even in a Siberian garden. Growing tobacco at home on a windowsill is also not too troublesome for a beginner. The main thing is to provide him with proper care and conditions in the apartment.

Conditions for growing tobacco

Before sowing tobacco on the balcony, you should remember that the plant is very picky about the choice of land and loves warm temperatures, but despite this it is unpretentious.

For fragrant tobacco, the content of minerals and salts in the soil, the presence fresh air and warmth. Different conditions for a plant can affect the shades of leaves and their length. And the aroma of smoking tobacco will depend on humidity.

Lighting

The plant prefers bright areas in the apartment with a lot of light and heat, so growing it on a balcony in the warm season will be an ideal condition.

Temperature

The most ideal temperature for growing seedlings or the plant itself on a window is considered to be between 25 and 28 degrees Celsius. With more low temperatures seedlings and adult fragrant tobacco plants may stop growing or even die.

Capacity

In order to grow seedlings, the container must be large; this is mainly done in greenhouses or greenhouses. And at home, it is recommended to use a seedling box or a large pot; if the plant becomes too thick, the plants are picked.

Soil and fertilizer for tobacco

The plant is planted in sandy loam soil with an abundance of potassium and nitrogen. It quickly pumps everything out of the soil useful substances. That's why fragrant tobacco it is necessary to fertilize frequently; do this with mullein or bird droppings. If necessary, lime the soil.

The optimal substrate for growing tobacco is soil with humus, garden soil and sand. They are mixed in a ratio of 2 to 1 to 1. Additionally, before planting the seeds, the soil must be thoroughly watered.

They begin to feed the plant after planting the seedlings using a slurry of manure and superphosphate. It can be processed using sulfur powder.

When the first inflorescences appear, the plant is treated with a solution of onion peels or garlic tincture.
A week after the first treatment, the bushes are once again treated with an onion-based tincture. The third feeding occurs after another 7 days.

Plant Formation

Before growing a plant on the balcony, you need to properly prepare the seeds for planting. First of all, they are soaked on a wet cloth soaked in an antiseptic and left on the cloth for 24 hours. In this way, seed germination will increase.

After which the seeds are washed, laid out on a saucer, and put in a warm, bright place. The fabric is moistened and sprouts are expected. There shouldn't be any sprouts larger size the grains themselves, otherwise they will quickly break and the plants will not take root and grow well.

Plants are replanted after the smoking tobacco produces at least 4 leaves. Before transplanting, the seedlings are watered and planted together with a ball of earth in a separate pot so as not to damage the root system.

It is recommended to plant seedlings in prepared holes that are heavily spilled with water; a depression is made in them in the middle. The top of the hole is sprinkled with wet soil, a seedling is placed in the hole and the root system is carefully sprinkled with dry soil. This procedure will allow the roots to take root better and not lose moisture.

When tobacco blooms, it needs to break off the inflorescences and remove excess side shoots from time to time.

Planting instructions and care

Tobacco seeds remain viable for a long time, and therefore old seeds can be used for planting. They will sprout as quickly as fresh.
If seeds are planted as seedlings to be planted later in the garden, then the age of the plants should be 40-45 days.

The principle of planting, regardless of the future location of the plants and the planting site, is identical: the seeds are scattered on top of the soil, and the soil is first watered. The maximum seed depth should not be more than 8mm.
They are slightly pressed into the soil and lightly watered so that the soil is not washed away and the seeds are not buried in the soil.

It is better to pre-germinate tobacco on a damp cloth so that the seeds already have germinated sprouts. So, if you are planning to get seedlings, you can get them faster by 7-8 days. For planting and good seedlings, a temperature above 25 degrees is required. When tobacco grows, the gardener needs to loosen it often, weed, water and fertilize as necessary.

Tobacco is watered infrequently; even on hot days, it is enough to water it 3 times during the summer, but watering should be plentiful. It is better to let the plant suffer from a lack of water than overwatering. Root system They are powerful and the plant can take moisture from the soil for a long time. But before it is picked and fermented, the tobacco is well watered with settled, warm water.

Types of tobacco

There are several types of tobacco that can be successfully grown on a balcony or window.

• Variety "Kubanets". The average number of leaves suitable for processing is about 27 pieces. The time from seed planting to breaking varies from 103 to 134 days.
• Trapezond 92. It practically does not get sick, ripens quickly (about 98 days pass from planting to breaking).
• Samsun 85. These bushes ripen quickly and have a large number of suitable further processing leaves (about 50 pieces per bush).
• Anniversary new 142. Ripens quickly (the time from planting seeds to breaking is about 78 days). Nicotine in the leaves of this variety ranges from 2% to 2.1%. It is unpretentious and practically does not suffer from diseases inherent in tobacco.
• Holly 316. The variety has a long growing season. It has a low nicotine content.

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Growing tobacco seedlings

In fact, growing tobacco is not as easy as it seems at first glance. the fact is that he himself suffers from late blight, and at the same time infects others. Initially, tobacco was bred from seedlings grown in greenhouses. As soon as warm weather sets in, the seedlings are planted in open ground. In this case, the seedlings must be at least 35-40 days old.

The seedlings almost immediately begin to grow and develop rapidly, provided that the roots are preserved during transplantation. How to determine that a plant has reached the required level of development for planting in open ground? The height of the seedlings should be at least 12-14 cm, and the stem itself should be crowned with several true leaves.

After transplanting to a permanent location, the seedlings grow very slowly for several weeks, which are necessary to adapt to new conditions. But after 40-50 days, tobacco flowering begins and lasts for at least 30 days.

Tobacco is a very heat-loving plant, and with any noticeable drop in temperature, its growth and development are greatly slowed down, and minor frosts can cause death.

Tobacco is also very demanding when it comes to soil moisture. The slightest interruptions in water have a bad effect on its growth. But on wet soils it is growing by leaps and bounds. It has been observed that the heavier the soil, the more abundant the harvests.

Absolutely all known types of fertilizers can be applied when planting tobacco. They are usually applied to loosen the soil. The first loosening is carried out on the 25th day after planting the seedlings in open ground. Before subsequent soil treatments, an interval of at least a week is maintained.

In addition, the plant needs to clean up the leaves, which consists of removing the lower, so-called seedling leaves - their raw material value is still zero, so there is no need to worry about this. This cleaning is carried out before the first breakage.

As soon as the color of the leaves begins to lose intensity and their surface becomes smooth, the crop is ready for harvesting. The leaves become very fragile and tender, covered with a coating resembling resin. Break off one leaf: if it easily separates from the stem, it means you can harvest the entire crop.

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Agricultural technology for growing smoking tobacco - forum

---Elena Orlova

in April, for seedlings, cover the surface of tightly compacted soil in a pot at home with film or glass, as soon as they sprout, take them off, then it grows without problems, but the problem is not to grow it, but to ferment it (otherwise there will be no sense at all from it) after cutting, dry it in a special way, you need to collect it in sheaves and when the temperature warms up, disassemble the leaves up to +60 degrees and so on until it stops heating...

The best predecessors are winter grains, sugar beets, corn, annual legumes and cereal grasses. On soils with low fertility it is placed after grain legumes and along the turnover of the layer of perennial legume-grass grass mixtures. Tobacco is cultivated only by seedling method . Seedlings are grown in heated and sunny greenhouses, on soil ridges.
The timing of sowing tobacco seeds in nurseries depends on the timing of planting seedlings in the field. To obtain ready-made seedlings, it takes 35...65 days, depending on the type of nursery and weather conditions. Caring for seedlings includes watering, ventilation, fertilizing, weeding and pest and disease control. The seedlings are watered with small portions of water, but often, so that the surface of the nutrient mixture does not dry out. Thickened seedlings are thinned out. Seedlings should have a well-developed root system, a dense flexible stem with 5...6 true leaves. Before sampling, the seedlings are hardened off. Planted when the temperature of the top layer of soil reaches 10... 12 ° C and the danger of frost has passed. Planting is carried out using transplanters. Wide-row crops; inter-row tillage is used to control weeds. Special care techniques include cleaning, topping and pinching of tobacco. When cleaning, the lower seedling leaves are removed. (promotes better development leaves trace tiers). Topping (removing inflorescences) is carried out 3...4 times from the beginning of flowering simultaneously with pinching (removing side shoots). Maturation does not occur simultaneously, the oldest first lower leaves. Most varieties have 5 tiers of ripening.
Tobacco cleaning.
Tobacco is removed by hand. Within 1.5...2.0 months. carry out 5...10 withdrawals. The number of breaks usually coincides with the number of ripening tiers. The harvested leaves are put into bundles and sent to drying sheds, where they are sorted, strung on cords 5...6 m long and dried. Drying takes place in 2 phases: simmering and fixing (drying itself).
Simmering is carried out in drying sheds on special frames on which cords with strung tobacco leaves are hung. In leaf tissues, protein breakdown occurs, starch is converted into sugar, and chlorophyll is destroyed. The nicotine content in the leaves decreases, and the aromatic substances increase. As a result of simmering, the leaves become yellow and their quality improves. The languishing usually lasts 3...4 days. Afterwards, fixation is carried out - final drying of the tobacco in the sun for 15...20 days or in fire dryers at a temperature at the beginning of drying of 40...42 °C and at the end of 48...50 °C.

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For several years we have been running a multi-page magazine about growing tobacco and everything related to this crop.