Wooden structures They are extremely popular because they not only have a unique appearance, but also a significant margin of safety. There are many types of lumber, including special place occupies the board.

Such products are used for finishing internal and external surfaces, as well as for organizing floors and other similar coverings. Find out more about the price and technical features wooden board Can .

Basic Concepts

The production of boards is carried out using special machines (sawmills, etc.), which allow cutting logs along the growth of the fibers. This material differs from each other in technical and quality characteristics.

Unedged board is a type of lumber that is characterized by its large width and low thickness. A feature of such products is the presence of uncut ends, which may have different shapes and sizes.

For the manufacture of boards of this type, logs are used, both deciduous and coniferous species. This allows you to obtain material of different quality and strength, which will then be used to solve specific problems.

Often such products differ in the following characteristics:

• The length of the board depends mainly on the corresponding parameter of the log. In most cases, this figure does not exceed 6.5 m, but if desired, it can be more.
• The thickness of the board varies from 16 to 90 mm depending on the type of wood used and its purpose.
• Width. This indicator is not standard for non- edged boards, since their ends are not adjusted to certain sizes.

Purpose of unedged boards

Such lumber is used to solve many problems, among which the main ones are:

1. Arrangement of formwork for the construction of foundations, etc.
2. Cladding walls, forming fences or partitions.
3. Raw materials from which edged boards of the required quality and size are then obtained.

When purchasing an unedged board, you must take into account its condition. So a sign of bad material is the presence of a significant number of large cracks and poor cutting with potholes. This may cause its rapid destruction or loss decorative properties. But still, an unedged board is universal and environmentally friendly pure material, which is used very often.

At lumber production enterprises, primary (rough) and secondary (specialized) processing of the initial wood raw material - roundwood - is carried out. This produces the final product, divided into 2 categories: edged and unedged lumber.

The main differences between edged and unedged lumber:

• Processing method: edged boards have a neat cut, unedged boards have unsawed or partially sawn edges;
• The scope of application of edged and unedged lumber is different: the former are mainly used in finishing construction work ah (for finishing or creating load-bearing structures), and the latter are usually used for temporary structures.
• Classification: timber is classified according to cross-sectional dimensions. According to the standard, a board is a material whose width exceeds twice the thickness, and edged timber is a material with a thickness and width greater than 10 cm. Unedged lumber is measured on both layers in several places, and up to half of the wane on each side is taken into account;
• Cost: unedged materials are significantly cheaper, both when purchased in cubes and individually. Carpentry (i.e. suitable for further processing) unedged lumber is often purchased for the purpose of trimming: this allows you to obtain cheaper edged materials.

Characteristics of edged lumber

Edged lumber is called lumber, the cross-section of which has the shape of a rectangle: the edges of the product are sawn strictly perpendicular to the faces, and the wane should not exceed the permissible limit established for edged lumber.

There is also a subtype of edged lumber - one-sided lumber with partially sawn or unsawed edges and wane exceeding the permissible level. Edged lumber: and boards are the most popular products in the construction market.

The type, quality and cost of edged lumber varies. Edged boards are sold dry and natural humidity. The board is made from the following wood species: ash, oak, pine, beech, birch. The timber is predominantly made from pine. Standard dimensions of timber: 50 by 50 and 40 by 50 mm. The length of the beam is 1-3 m.

Characteristics of unedged lumber

Unedged lumber has unsawed or partially sawn edges, as well as wane that exceeds the norm for edged materials.

Unedged material is available for radial, tangential and combined sawing. The cut can be 2, 2.2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 7 cm thick. The same wood is used for edged and unedged lumber (pine, oak, ash, etc.).

In a commercial environment, there are 2 types of unedged lumber:

• The fence board has many defects, knots, it is wet and linearly deformed;
• The joinery material is dry, with a minimum number of defects, smooth. Joiner's board (usually made from pine) is suitable for further processing into edged material.

Use of edged and unedged lumber

High-quality edged boards (shalevka 7-19 mm thick, board 22-35 mm thick and boards up to 8 cm thick) are widely used for home decoration. Both thin (up to 3.5 cm) and thick boards with a thickness of 3.5 cm and more have been used.

Popular areas of application of edged materials:

• Flooring;
• Production of furniture and stairs;
• Construction of under-roof foundation;
• Production of fences and fences, gazebos, and other summer-type buildings.

Unedged lumber can be used in the following areas:

• Construction of fences, temporary sheds, warehouses;
• Construction of formwork;
• Strengthening the walls of temporary underground tunnels and pits;
• Making the base for cladding with more expensive edged materials;
• Decoration of thematic interiors;
• Lining the subfloor with slab panels.

When choosing certain lumber, you need to pay attention to whether their dimensions (width and length) and the wood correspond to those declared by the manufacturer. A thorough visual analysis of the surface and cut of the lumber is important: even despite the low cost of an unedged board, you should not buy products with a significant number of defects.

How to choose the right ones wood materials for construction work? First of all, you need to consider the nature of the building. The quality, and therefore the cost of materials, depends on various factors. An important role is played by the cutting option from which the wood materials come out. different types. These are edged and unedged boards, slabs, etc. Let's focus on an unedged board.

What is an unedged board?

This is lumber with an unsawn edge. This cutting method significantly reduces the price of the product. When choosing, you need to pay attention to quality. The basic principle for choosing this lumber is the absence of warping and winging, which causes changes in shape along the length. If the lumber has an arched appearance or seems to be twisted with a screw, it means that it was dried in violation of the rules. Also, due to improper drying, cracks may appear in the wood.

What is the difference between edged and unedged boards?

As a result of sawing logs, different lumber is obtained. When preliminary sawing the logs on both sides, an unedged board is obtained; with further sawing, the output is edged boards of the same width.

When sawing a whole log, lumber with bark residues comes out from under the machine. The main difference between unedged boards is that they are not entirely aesthetic appearance and unequal width along the entire length. For these reasons, there are differences in prices - edged lumber costs much more. You should not choose any products with a large number of knots, such material is fragile. All defective lumber is classified as low-grade and has an appropriate price.

What is unedged board used for?

Lumber can be used for various purposes:

• roof sheathing or sheathing;
• construction of sheds for household needs or baths;
• manufacturing flooring and other purposes where appearance is not important;
• during the construction of fences. This lumber is often used to enclose construction sites.

Unedged high-quality lumber is also used to create doors, stairs, and furniture. They are used to make lining, skirting boards, etc. building materials. Even low-quality boards with unequal widths can be useful; knotty products are used to create formwork for the foundation and insulate the façade of a house.

How to calculate the cube of a board?

Certain standards have been developed for unedged boards. Their volumes are summarized in special tables called board cubes. Knowing the length of the product, its volume is determined by the width and thickness. It is important to remember that all parameters are measured in the same quantities. Wood dimensions are calculated in meters.

Many online building materials stores offer the use of a cubic capacity calculator. With it, you can see the weight of the estimated order and find out information about the price.

How to measure a board?

If it is not possible to use a cubeturner or an online calculator, you can measure the thickness, width and length yourself. Unedged wood materials do not have a uniform width. Therefore, their average width is measured in the middle without taking into account the bark. To obtain arithmetic averages, rounding is carried out to the nearest 0.01 m. Shares over 0.005 m or more are considered 0.01 m; smaller ones are not taken into account. For a small batch, this measurement method is quite acceptable.

If you need an unedged board, go to TAM.BY, where you can buy lumber from companies at an attractive price.

All photos from the article

Today, one of the most popular lumber on the market is unedged boards, which is due to its low cost, strength, and also the possibility of use in a wide variety of areas of construction. Next, we will get acquainted with this material in detail, and also consider how edged and unedged boards differ, and for what purposes they are used.

Features of the material

Differences from edged boards

The differences between edged and unedged boards lie in the edges - edged boards have straight edges, while unedged boards have irregular edges. natural form. The rough edges are called wane and are often covered with bark.

This difference between edged boards and unedged boards is associated with production technology. The fact is that the first one is obtained by cutting, while the unedged one is made by sawing logs. As a result, the edges remain untreated, hence its name.

Accordingly, a board with a wane along its entire length may have unequal width. That, in fact, is all the difference between an edged board and an unedged one.

However, it should be noted that there is one more minor difference between edged and unedged boards - the first can be planed, i.e. have smooth surface. Moreover, planed lumber is pre-dried. Unedged lumber is not subjected to any mechanical processing before sale.

Advantages

The popularity of the material in question is associated with its following advantages:

• much more low price , since there is less waste in its production, and the manufacturing process is simpler and faster;
• strength is not inferior to the edged analogue, therefore it can be used in cases where the flawless appearance of lumber is not required. True, some designers skillfully use the natural feature of the wane, resulting in a beautiful and unusual furniture or even finishing material;
• when sawing logs of the same diameter, unedged lumber is always wider than edged lumber.

Pay attention!
If necessary, the wane can always be trimmed.
The yield of edged boards from unedged boards is on average 80%.

Types of material

Varieties

According to GOST for unedged boards No. 8486-86 and 6564-84, this material exists in several grades:

Variety	Peculiarities
Selective (carpentry)	A special feature is the absence of knots and other defects, therefore this lumber used for the manufacture of furniture and other carpentry.
First grade	Is quality wood free of rot, wormholes and blue spots. The only thing is that it may contain a small number of knots.
Second grade	In addition to knots, it may contain minor cracks that do not affect the strength of the material. Most often used as a structural material.
Third grade	In addition to knots and cracks, it contains blue spots, wormholes and some other defects. Therefore, it is used in construction to a limited extent.

Pay attention!
For carpentry and construction, only dry wood is suitable, the moisture level of which does not exceed 18%; the optimal option is 8-12% humidity.

Wood type

The performance qualities of this lumber depend not only on the grade, but also on the type of wood from which it is made.

As a rule, it is made from the following breeds:

• pine and spruce are the most common materials due to their good performance and availability;
• larch - this wood costs twice as much as pine, however, it is resistant to moisture and rot. Therefore, it is excellent for outdoor use;
• oak is the strongest and most durable wood, but at the same time, oak boards are the most expensive. They can be used as a material for critical structural elements that will bear the greatest load;

• cedar - this wood is soft, but at the same time quite durable, as a result it is easy to process with your own hands. Another feature of this tree is its bactericidal properties, so it is recommended for use in residential areas.
• alder is also a soft wood species and is not subject to rotting. It should be noted that alder boards have the lowest thermal conductivity.

Pay attention!
Regardless of the type of wood, before using the material in construction, it must be treated with wood impregnation, which protects it from moisture, rotting and other negative influences.
The only thing to keep in mind is that impregnations exist for external and internal use.
This information about the composition usually contains instructions for use on the packaging.

Thus, when choosing lumber, you should focus not only on its cost and quality, but also on the scope of application.

Dimensions

One more important point, which you should focus on when choosing – these are the dimensions of the unedged board. Most often it is done following sizes:

Advice!
If lumber is needed for any purpose Not standard sizes, manufacturers can make it to order.
However, this will affect the cost of the tree.

Scope of application

When choosing lumber, it is impossible to say which one is better - edged or unedged boards, since they are used for different purposes.

The latter is most often used in the following cases:

• when installing lathing and wall cladding;
• unedged wide board often used when arranging formwork;
• as flooring scaffolding;
• for cladding walls of frame structures;
• as elements of load-bearing structures;
• during the construction of rough floors, etc.

Generally this type boards can be used anywhere where its appearance does not matter. However, as mentioned above, in in capable hands this seemingly completely unpresentable material becomes quite appropriate and presentable.

In particular, furniture made from unedged boards looks interesting. Of course, its use will be appropriate only in certain interior styles. It fits best into rustic design trends, as well as hunting and eco-style.

This material looks no less interesting as a finish. For example, it can be used as siding for country house. True, in this case, the boards are not mounted on the wall all in a row, but are carefully selected.

The photo shows an example of façade cladding with siding

Therefore, as we see, this lumber can be used even where, it would seem, its use is unacceptable. Here, perhaps, is all the basic information regarding unedged boards, which will help you choose the right lumber.

Conclusion

The use of boards with uncut edges allows you to save on construction in cases where the appearance of the lumber does not matter. However, in some cases its use is an interesting design technique, which expands the scope of this material. The only thing is that when choosing it, you should take into account the information presented above.

Read more useful information on the topic discussed can be found in the video in this article.

Construction work requires solving many different issues, among which the most important task is the selection and purchase of lumber. Calculate how much linear meters boards and timber will be needed during the construction process, it’s not difficult. But the price of industrial wood is indicated per 1 cubic meter, and this often causes difficulties for novice home craftsmen. The ability to correctly select and calculate the amount of edged or unedged lumber in a cube will allow you to save money and avoid a situation where, after completion of construction work, a pile of unused boards remains on the site.

Classification and characteristics of lumber

The very name “lumber” suggests that this type construction raw materials obtained by longitudinal sawing of tree trunks on circular or band saws. Several cutting methods are used to produce boards and timber:

• tangential (in a circle),
• radial.

Tangential cutting involves moving the saw tangentially to the annual rings of the tree, which reduces the amount of waste and, therefore, reduces the cost of building materials. The boards obtained in this way have a beautiful, pronounced pattern, therefore they are often used for finishing purposes. The disadvantages of circular sawing include the tendency of the wood to shrink and swell, as well as a significant difference in texture as it approaches cutting tool to the center of the log.

In the sawmill industry, several methods of sawing a trunk are used.

At radial sawing the cutting line passes through the core of the tree, so the yield of boards will be smaller, and their price will be higher. However, if necessary, obtain wood high quality use exactly this method. This is due to the fact that, compared to the tangential method, radial sawing boards have halved swelling and shrinkage rates. In addition to the sawing methods discussed above, a mixed method is also used, which combines the advantages of the first two.

The concept of lumber actually includes not only traditional moldings, which can most often be seen on construction markets. The full list of products obtained from sawing logs includes:

• board;
• beam;
• bar;
• lagging;
• croaker

The last two types of lumber are classified as waste, which absolutely does not prevent them from being used for certain types of construction work, as well as for finishing purposes.

Boards

Boards include lumber rectangular section with a thickness of no more than 100 mm and a width to thickness ratio of no less than 2:1. Depending on the degree of processing, the board can be edged or unedged. The first is finished product without bark and with smoothly sawn edges, while the second is a “semi-finished product”, removed directly from the saw frame.

The edged board has smooth edges and a constant width along the entire length of the lumber

The most commonly used boards in construction are the following standard sizes:

• thickness - 25 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm;
• width - from 75 to 275 mm with gradation every 25 mm;
• length - from 1 m to 6.5 mm in increments of 250 mm.

Boards of other sizes can be obtained by trimming or planing standard lumber, as well as by placing an individual order for sawing round timber.

Unedged boards have a lower cost, but without finishing, their scope of application is limited

The parameters of lumber used in construction are standardized and determined according to the current GOST 8486–86 for coniferous wood and GOST 2695–83 - for deciduous trees.

timber

Timber is lumber whose cross-section is a square with sides of at least 100 mm. The diameter of the timber is unified and can vary from 100 to 250 mm in increments of 25 mm. The standard defines the length of products of this type from 2 to 9 m, but most often square-section lumber with a length of no more than 6 m is used. In some cases, products with a cross-section of 150x100 mm, 200x100 mm or 200x150 mm, which according to the existing classification are much closer, are mistakenly classified as timber to the sleepers.

The timber is ideal material for the construction of frames and other wooden structures

The bar differs from the beam discussed above only in that its cross-section does not exceed 100x100 mm. The typical length of the bar is also 6 m, and the diameter ranges from 40 mm to 90 mm in increments of 10 mm. To simplify the classification, bars are often classified as slats whose cross-section has rectangular shape, and the ratio of thickness to width is at least 1:2. Standard series The edges of softwood slats look like this: 16, 19, 22, 25, 32, 40, 44, 50, 60, 75 mm. For hardwood lumber, products of increased width are additionally provided, and the product line itself looks like this: 19, 22, 25, 32, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 mm.

A variety of bars and slats allow you to strengthen and make any wooden structure as stable as possible.

Obapole and croaker

Obapol is the very first cut of a round timber, the outer surface of which remains untreated. Unlike obapol, croaker can have a cut on half of the second side or alternating treated and untreated areas on the bark side. The importance of obapole and slab in construction is secondary, since the unaesthetic appearance and reduced performance characteristics allow the use of lumber of this type only for auxiliary purposes. Most often, croaker and obapol are used as fastening material, as well as for the manufacture of formwork, lathing or flooring for scaffolding. This material is also interesting in quality decorative material for decorating walls, fences and other vertical structures.

Despite their external ugliness, croaker and obapole are widely used for minor construction tasks

Technology for calculating the number of boards in a cube

The wood market offers both edged lumber and unedged boards, with wane remaining at the edges. Depending on the type wood products Several methods are used to determine cubic capacity.

How to find out the number of edged lumber in a cube

The algorithm for determining the cubic capacity of lumber is based on the formula known to every schoolchild for finding the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped. In order to find out the cubic capacity of one board (V) per cubic meter. m, you need to find the product of its length (a) by its width (b) and thickness (h) in meters V=a×b×h.

The desired figure will make it easy to calculate how many boards of this type will fit in one cubic meter lumber. For this, 1 cu. m of lumber is divided by the volume of one product. For example, if you need to find out the cubic capacity of one board with parameters 6000x200x25 mm, then by substituting these numbers into the formula, we get V = 6x0.2x0.025 = 0.03 cubic meters. m. Consequently, in one cubic meter there will be 1/0.03 = 33.3 such products.

A tongue and groove board has a groove on one side and a tongue on the other. Since both of these elements are approximately equal to each other, their parameters can be neglected. That is why the cross-sectional size of tongue-and-groove lumber is measured without taking into account the locking part.

In the case of boards that have the same dimensions, the calculation can be simplified by substituting the dimensions of the lumber stack into the formula. Of course, its installation should be as tight as possible, otherwise the gaps between separate elements will affect the accuracy of the calculations. Considering that the cost individual varieties timber costs tens of thousands of rubles, such an error can cost a pretty penny.

To simplify calculations, you can use special tables that allow you to quickly determine the cubic capacity or the amount of wood in 1 cubic meter. m of lumber.

Table: number of edged boards in 1 cubic meter. m of standard length lumber

Board size, mm	Number of boards 6 m long in 1 cubic. m	Volume of one board, cubic meters. m
25x100	66,6	0.015
25x150	44,4	0.022
25x200	33,3	0.03
40x100	62,5	0.024
40x150	41,6	0.036
40x200	31,2	0.048
50x100	33,3	0.03
50x150	22,2	0.045
50x200	16,6	0.06
50x250	13,3	0.075

The cubic capacity of timber of standard sizes can also be determined using the table below.

Table: amount of timber in 1 cubic meter. m of lumber

Beam size, mm	Number of products 6 m long in 1 cubic. m	Volume of 1 beam, cubic. m
100x100	16.6	0.06
100x150	11.1	0.09
100x200	8.3	0.12
150x150	7.4	0.135
150x200	5.5	0.18
150x300	3.7	0.27
200x200	4.1	0.24

Very often it is necessary to determine the surface area (floor or wall) that can be covered with a board of one thickness or another with a volume of 1 cubic meter. m. To do this, you can use the formula S = 1/h, where h is the thickness of the lumber. So, one cubic meter of 40 mm board will be enough to arrange S = 1/0.04 = 25 square meters. m of floor. To facilitate the process of calculating the area, a table called a cubeturner allows you to simplify the process of calculating the area. It contains data on the cross-section of the boards, their number in 1 cubic meter. m and the required area that they can cover.

Method for calculating the cubic capacity of an unedged board

Unedged lumber is not trimmed at the edges, so not only the cross-sectional size of individual products varies, but also the width different parts one board. In this regard, it is possible to calculate the volume of a stack of unprocessed lumber only approximately. The same applies to calculating the cubic capacity of individual unedged lumber, although the error in this case will be much smaller.

So, to calculate the cubic capacity of an unedged board there are two constants- thickness and length, and one variable - width. To avoid complex calculations using differential algebra methods, the last parameter is simply averaged. To do this, the board is measured in several places and the arithmetic average is found. For example, for a board with a diameter of 400 mm at the base, a width of 350 mm in the middle and 280 mm in the top, calculated value will be (430+340+260)/3=343 mm. Further calculations are carried out in exactly the same way as for edged lumber.

Most often, the width of an unedged board is determined only on the basis of measurements along the edges of the lumber. It should be noted that the accuracy of calculations directly depends on the number of measurements, so in critical cases their number is increased.

If you need to find out the cubic capacity of a package of unedged wood, then the products are stacked on top of each other in such a way that the following conditions are met:

• the stacks must be aligned along the front end;
• boards in a stack should not be stacked overlapping;
• It is not allowed to change the width of the package along the entire length of the lumber;
• the protrusion of the outermost products beyond the stack should not exceed 100 mm.

By measuring the height, length and width of a package of unedged wood with a tape measure, the approximate cubic capacity is determined using the formula V=a×b×h. To find out a more accurate value, the result obtained is multiplied by the stacking coefficient, which can be found in special tables.

Table: laying coefficient of unedged hardwood boards

Humidity and length of lumber	Board thickness, mm
	19	22	25	32	40	44	50	60	75–100
Up to 20%, from 1 m to 1.75 m	0.73
Up to 20%, from 2 m to 6.5 m	0.58	0.59	0.6	0.63	0.67	0.69	0.71	0.75	0.82
Over 20%, from 1 m to 1.75 m	0.66
Over 25%, from 2 m to 6.5 m	0.52	0.53	0.54	0.57	0.6	0.62	0.64	0.68	0.74

For softwood lumber, the laying coefficients have slight differences.