Timothy Liri test for interpersonal relationships. Methodology for the diagnosis of interpersonal relations lyre
4.8. Diagnostic technique interpersonal relationships T. Leary
The technique was created by T. Leary, G. Leforge, R. Sazek in 1954 and is intended to study the subject's ideas about himself and the ideal I, as well as to study relationships in small groups. With the help of this technique, the prevailing type of attitude towards people and self-esteem in mutual appraisal is revealed.
To represent the main social orientations, T. Leary developed conditional scheme in the form of a circle divided into sectors. In this circle, along the horizontal and vertical axes, four orientations are indicated: "dominance - submission", "friendliness - hostility". In turn, these sectors are divided into 8 more - respectively, more private relations. For an even more subtle description, the circle is divided into 16 sectors, but more often octants are used, oriented in a certain way relative to the 2 main axes. T. Leary's scheme is based on the assumption that the closer the subject's results to the center of the circle, the stronger the relationship of these 2 variables is. The sum of the points of each orientation is translated into an index where the vertical ("dominance - subordination") and horizontal ("friendliness - hostility") axes dominate. The distance of the obtained indicators from the center of the circle indicates the adaptability or extremeness of interpersonal behavior.
The questionnaire contains 128 value judgments, of which 16 items are formed in each of the 8 types of relationships, sorted by ascending intensity. The technique is structured in such a way that judgments aimed at clarifying a certain type of relationship are not arranged in a row, but in a special way: they are grouped by 4 and repeated after an equal number of definitions. During processing, the number of relations of each type is counted.
T. Leary suggested using the methodology for assessing the observed behavior of people, that is, behavior in assessing others (from the outside), for self-assessment, assessing loved ones, to describe the ideal "I". In accordance with these diagnostic levels, the instructions for the answers are changed.
Different directions diagnostics allow you to determine the type of personality, as well as to compare data on certain aspects, for example, "social I", "real I", "my partners", etc.
The technique can be presented to the respondent either as a list (alphabetically or in random order), or on separate cards. He is invited to mark those statements that correspond to his idea of himself, refer to another person or his ideal.
Instructions: Here is a questionnaire containing various characteristics. You should carefully read each characteristic and consider whether it matches your self-image. If "Yes", then in the registration form, cross out the number corresponding to the serial number of the characteristic with a cross. If “No,” then do not make any marks on the registration form. Try to be as attentive and candid as possible to avoid re-examination.
Note: The technique can be used to assess the observed behavior (that is, behavior in the assessment of others ("looking from the outside")). Then the instruction will look like this:
Here is a questionnaire containing various characteristics. You should carefully read each characteristic and think about whether you can attribute it to N (the person being examined). If "Yes", then in the registration form, cross out the number corresponding to the serial number of the characteristic with a cross. If “No,” then do not make any marks on the registration form. Try to be as attentive and candid as possible to avoid re-examination.
Questionnaire
1. Others think favorably of him.
2. Makes an impression on others.
3. Knows how to dispose, order.
4. Knows how to insist on his own.
5. Possesses self-esteem.
6. Independent.
7. Able to take care of himself.
8. May be indifferent.
9. Able to be harsh.
10. Strict but fair.
11. Can be sincere.
12. Is critical of others.
13. Likes to cry.
14. Often sad.
15. Able to show distrust.
16. Often disappointed.
17. Able to be critical of himself.
18. Able to admit that he is wrong.
19. Willingly obeys.
20. Compliant.
21. Noble.
22. Admirable and inclined to imitate.
23. Respectful.
24. Seeker of approval.
25. Capable of cooperation.
26. Strive to get along with others.
27. Friendly, benevolent.
28. Attentive and affectionate.
29. Delicate.
30. Approving.
31. Responsive to calls for help.
32. Unselfish.
33. Able to evoke admiration.
34. Respected by others.
35. Has a talent for leadership.
36. Loves responsibility.
37. Self-confident.
38. Self-confident and assertive.
39. Busy and practical.
40. Likes to compete.
41. Strict and cool, where necessary.
42. Relentless but impartial.
43. Irritable.
44. Open and straightforward.
45. Does not tolerate being commanded.
46. Skeptical.
47. It is difficult to impress him.
48. Touchy, scrupulous.
49. Easily embarrassed.
50. Insecure.
51. Compliant.
52. Modest.
53. Often resorts to the help of others.
55. Willingly accepts advice.
56. Trusting and striving to please others.
57. Always kind in handling.
58. Treasures the opinion of others.
59. Sociable and easygoing.
60. Kind-hearted.
61. Kind, instilling confidence.
62. Gentle and kind-hearted.
63. Likes to take care of others.
64. Unselfish, generous.
65. Likes to give advice.
66. Gives the impression of significance.
67. Boss-imperative.
68. Domineering.
69. Boastful.
70. Arrogant and self-righteous.
71. Thinks only of himself.
72. Sly and calculating.
73. Intolerant of the mistakes of others.
74. Self-serving.
75. Frank.
76. Often unfriendly.
77. Embittered.
78. Complainant.
79. Jealous.
80. Remembers insults for a long time.
81. Prone to self-flagellation.
82. Shy.
83. Uninitiated.
84. Meek.
85. Dependent, dependent.
86. Likes to obey.
87. Allows others to make decisions.
88. Easy to screw up.
89. Easily falls under the influence of friends.
90. I am ready to trust anyone.
91. Favorable to all indiscriminately.
92. Sympathizes with everyone.
93. Forgives everything.
94. Overflowing with excessive compassion.
95. He is generous and tolerant of shortcomings.
96. Seeks to patronize.
97. Strives for success.
98. Expects admiration from everyone.
99. Disposes of others.
100. Despotic.
101. Snob (judges people by rank and wealth, and not by personal qualities).
102. Conceited.
103. Selfish.
104. Cold, callous.
105. Sardonic, mocking.
106. Spiteful, cruel.
107. Often angry.
108. Insensitive, indifferent.
109. Vindictive.
110. Permeated with the spirit of contradiction.
111. Stubborn.
112. Distrustful and suspicious.
113. Timid.
114. Shy.
115. Differs in excessive readiness to obey.
116. Soft-bodied.
117. Almost never objects to anyone.
118. Unobtrusive.
119. Likes to be taken care of.
120. Overly trusting.
121. Seeks to win everyone's favor.
122. Agrees with everyone.
123. Always friendly.
124. Loves everyone.
125. Too indulgent towards others.
126. Tries to comfort everyone.
127. Takes care of others to the detriment of himself.
128. Spoils people with excessive kindness.
Registration form
Processing of results
Scoring is made for each octant using the questionnaire key below. For each answer “Yes” (that is, crossed out in the registration form) 1 point is added.
Key
I octant - 1, 2, 3, 4, 33, 34, 35, 36, 65, 66, 67, 68, 97, 98, 99, 100.
II octant - 5, 6, 7, 8, 37, 38, 39, 40, 69, 70, 71, 72, 101, 102, 103, 104.
III octant - 9, 10, 11, 12, 41, 42, 43, 44, 73, 74, 75, 76, 105, 106, 107, 108.
IV octant - 13, 14, 15, 16, 45, 46, 47, 48, 77, 78, 79, 80, 109, 110, 111, 112.
V octant - 17, 18, 19, 20, 49, 50, 51, 52, 81, 82, 83, 84, 113, 114, 115, 116.
VI octant - 21, 22, 23, 24, 53, 54, 55, 56, 85, 86, 87, 88, 117, 118, 119, 120.
VII octant - 25, 26, 27, 28, 57, 58, 59, 60, 89, 90, 91, 92, 121, 122, 123, 124.
VIII octant - 29, 30, 31, 32, 61, 62, 63, 64, 93, 94, 95, 96, 125, 126, 127, 128.
The received points are transferred to the discogram, while the distance from the center of the circle corresponds to the number of points for this octant (from 0 to 16). The ends of the vectors connect and form a personality profile.
According to the formulas, indicators are determined for the main factors: "Dominance" and "friendliness".
Domination = (I - V) + 0.7 x (VIII + II - IV - VI)
Friendliness = (VII - III) + 0.7 x (VIII - II - IV + VI)
A qualitative analysis of the data obtained is carried out by comparing discograms showing the difference between the views of different people.
Interpretation
The maximum assessment of the level is 16 points, but it is divided into 4 degrees of expression of the attitude:
Types of attitudes towards others
Self-esteem and mutual esteem of personality are studied by the methodology developed by T. Leary, G. Leforge, R. Sazek in 1954. This technique is used to study the ideas of a person about himself and his relationships in a small group. Small group is a family, a work collective, a community of interests, etc. Within small groups, there are two main factors in relationships: dominance and friendliness. At the same time, a qualitative analysis of the comparison and difference in self-esteem, the ideal self and the assessment of other people in a small group is carried out.
From the test results obtained, conclusions can be drawn about the severity of the type, the degree of adaptation of human behavior in the group, the degree of compliance with the goals and achievement of the goal in the process of performing the work.
The Timothy Leary questionnaire will help determine relationship disorders in family counseling, is used to resolve conflicts at work, and allows you to use the results obtained for psychological correction. Incidentally, this technique is still used by the US intelligence services.
Leary test: a questionnaire for the diagnosis of interpersonal relationships, the DMS method:
Instructions for the Leary questionnaire.
Here is a questionnaire containing various characteristics. You should carefully read each and think whether it corresponds to your idea of yourself. If "yes", then cross out the number corresponding to ordinal number specifications. If "no", then do not make any marks on the registration sheet. Try to be as attentive and candid as possible to avoid re-examination.
So, fill in the first grid:
1) what kind of person are you?
Second grid:
2) what would you like to be?
Note: Ie. all 128 questions will have to be answered twice - in total there should be 256 answers.
Test material.
I am a person who: (or - he / she is a person who :)
- Knows how to like
- Impressing others
- Knows how to dispose, order
- Knows how to insist on his own
- Has a sense of dignity
- Independent
- Able to take care of himself
- May be indifferent
- Capable of being harsh
- Strict but fair
- May be sincere
- Critical of others
- Loves to cry
- Often sad
- Able to show distrust
- Often disappointed
- Able to be critical of himself
- Able to admit that he is wrong
- Willingly obeys
- Flexible
- Grateful
- Admiring and imitative
- Good
- Seeker of approval
- Capable of cooperation, mutual assistance
- Seeks to get along with others
- Benevolent
- Attentive and affectionate
- Delicate
- Encouraging
- Responsive to calls for help
- Selfless
- Capable of arousing admiration
- Respected by others
- Has a talent for leadership
- Loves responsibility
- Self-assured
- Self-confident and assertive
- Busy, practical
- Rival
- Steadfast and cool where necessary
- Relentless but impartial
- Irritable
- Open and straightforward
- Can't stand to be commanded
- Skeptical
- It's hard to impress him
- Touchy, scrupulous
- Easily embarrassed
- Unconfident
- Compliant
- Modest
- Often uses the help of others
- Very respectful of authorities
- Readily accepts advice
- Trusting and striving to please others
- Always kind in getting around
- Treasures the opinion of others
- Sociable and easygoing
- Kindhearted
- Kind, confidence-inspiring
- Gentle and kindhearted
- Likes to take care of others
- Generous
- Likes to give advice
- Gives an impression of significance
- Overbearing imperative
- Imperious
- Boastful
- Arrogant and self-righteous
- Thinks only of himself
- Cunning
- Intolerant of the mistakes of others
- Calculating
- Frank
- Often unfriendly
- Embittered
- Complainant
- Jealous
- Long remembers insults
- Self-flagellating
- Shy
- Lack of initiative
- Gentle
- Dependent, dependent
- Loves to obey
- Allows others to make decisions
- Easily gets screwed up
- Easily influenced by friends
- I am ready to trust anyone
- Disposed towards everyone indiscriminately
- Sympathizes with everyone
- Forgives everything
- Overwhelmed with excessive sympathy
- Generous and tolerant of shortcomings
- Strives to help everyone
- Striving for success
- Expects admiration from everyone
- Disposes of others
- Despotic
- Treats others with a sense of superiority
- Conceited
- Selfish
- Cold, callous
- Sarcastic, mocking
- Angry, cruel
- Often angry
- Insensitive, indifferent
- Vindictive
- Permeated with a spirit of contradiction
- Stubborn
- Distrustful and suspicious
- Timid
- Shy
- Complaisant
- Spineless
- Almost no one minds
- Intrusive
- Loves to be taken care of
- Overly trusting
- Seeks to win everyone's favor
- Agrees with everyone
- Always friendly with everyone
- Loves everyone
- Too forgiving to others
- Tries to comfort everyone
- Takes care of others
- Spoils people with excessive kindness
Treatment.
To represent the main social orientations, T. Leary developed a conventional scheme in the form of a circle, divided into sectors. In this circle, along the horizontal and vertical axes, four orientations are indicated: dominance-submission, friendliness-hostility. In turn, these sectors are divided into eight - according to more private relationships. For an even more subtle description, the circle is divided into 16 sectors, but more often octants are used, oriented in a certain way relative to the two main axes.
T. Leary's scheme is based on the assumption that the closer the subject's results are to the center of the circle, the stronger the relationship of these two variables. The sum of the scores for each orientation is translated into an index where the vertical (dominance-submission) and horizontal (friendliness-hostility) axes dominate. The distance of the obtained indicators from the center of the circle indicates the adaptability or extremeness of interpersonal behavior.
The questionnaire contains 128 value judgments, of which 16 items are formed in each of the 8 types of relationships, sorted by ascending intensity. The technique is structured in such a way that judgments aimed at clarifying a certain type of relationship are not arranged in a row, but in a special way: they are grouped by 4 and repeated after an equal number of definitions. During processing, the number of relations of each type is counted.
Key.
As a result, the points are calculated for each octant using a special "key" to the questionnaire.
- Authoritarian: 1 - 4, 33 - 36, 65 - 68, 97 - 100.
- Selfish: 5 - 8, 37 - 40, 69 - 72, 101 - 104.
- Aggressive: 9 - 12, 41 - 44, 73 - 76, 105 - 108.
- Suspicious: 13 - 16, 45 - 48, 77 - 80, 109 - 112.
- Subordinate: 17 - 20, 49 - 52, 81 - 84, 113 - 116.
- Dependent: 21 - 24, 53 - 56, 85 - 88, 117 - 120.
- Friendly: 25 - 28, 57 - 60, 89 - 92, 121 - 124.
- Altruistic: 29 - 32, 61 - 64, 93 - 96, 125 - 128.
The received points are transferred to the discogram, while the distance from the center of the circle corresponds to the number of points for this octant (from 0 to 16). The ends of the vectors connect and form a personality profile.
The smaller the difference between the "I am actual" and "I am ideal" the test person has, the more realistic goals he sets for himself, accepts himself as he is, and therefore is in a vigorous, efficient state. How more difference between "I am actual" and "I am ideal" - the less a person is satisfied with himself and it will be problematic for him to achieve the intended goals in self-development. The coincidence of "I am actual" and "I am ideal", which does not often occur, indicates a stop of self-development.
According to special formulas, indicators are determined for the main factors: dominance and friendliness.
Domination= (I - V) + 0.7 x (VIII + II - IV - VI)
Friendliness= (VII - III) + 0.7 x (VIII - II - IV + VI)
Interpretation.
Types of attitudes towards others
13-16 - dictatorial, domineering, despotic character, type strong personality, which is a leader in all types of group activities. He instructs everyone, teaches, strives to rely on his own opinion in everything, does not know how to accept the advice of others. The surrounding people note this imperiousness, but recognize it.
9-12 - dominant, energetic, competent, authoritative leader, successful in business, likes to give advice, demands respect for himself.
0-8 is a confident person, but not necessarily a leader, tenacious and persistent.
II. Selfish
13-16 - strives to be above everyone, but at the same time aloof from everyone, narcissistic, calculating, independent, selfish. He shifts the difficulties on to those around him, he himself treats them somewhat aloof, boastful, self-righteous, arrogant.
0-12 - selfish traits, self-orientation, a tendency to compete.
III. Aggressive
13-16 - tough and hostile towards others, harsh, tough, aggressiveness can reach asocial behavior.
9-12 - demanding, straightforward, frank, strict and harsh in assessing others, irreconcilable, inclined to blame others for everything, mocking, ironic, irritable.
0-8 - stubborn, stubborn, persistent and energetic.
IV. Suspicious
13-16 - alienated in relation to a hostile and evil world, suspicious, touchy, inclined to doubt everything, vindictive, constantly complaining about everyone, dissatisfied with everything (schizoid type of character).
9-12 - critical, uncommunicative, experiencing difficulties in interpersonal contacts due to self-doubt, suspicion and fear of a bad attitude, withdrawn, skeptical, disappointed in people, secretive, manifests its negativism in verbal aggression.
0-8 - critical of all social phenomena and people around them.
V. Subordinate
13-16 - submissive, prone to self-humiliation, weak-willed, inclined to yield to everyone and in everything, always puts himself in the last place and condemns himself, ascribes to himself guilt, passive, seeks to find support in someone stronger.
9-12 - shy, meek, easily embarrassed, inclined to obey the stronger without considering the situation.
0-8 - modest, timid, compliant, emotionally restrained, able to obey, does not have his own opinion, obediently and honestly performs his duties.
Vi. Dependent
13-16 - sharply unsure of himself, has obsessive fears, apprehensions, worries about any reason, therefore, he is dependent on others, on someone else's opinion.
9-12 - obedient, fearful, helpless, does not know how to show resistance, sincerely believes that others are always right.
0-8 - conformable, gentle, expects help and advice, trusting, inclined to admiration of others, polite.
Vii. Friendly
9-16 - friendly and helpful with everyone, focused on acceptance and social approval, seeks to satisfy the requirements of everyone, "be good" for everyone without regard to the situation, strives for the goals of microgroups has developed mechanisms of repression and suppression, emotionally labile (hysteroid type of character) ...
0-8 - inclined to cooperation, cooperation, flexible and compromise in solving problems and in conflict situations, seeks to be in agreement with the opinions of others, consciously conform, follows the conventions, rules and principles of "good taste" in relations with people, proactive enthusiast in achieving the goals of the group, seeks to help, feel in the center of attention, deserve recognition and love, sociable, shows warmth and friendliness in relationships.
VIII. Altruistic
9-16 - hyperresponsible, always sacrifices his own interests, seeks to help and sympathize with everyone, obsessive in his help and too active in relation to others, takes responsibility for others (there can only be an external "mask" hiding a personality of the opposite type ).
0-8 - responsible in relation to people, delicate, gentle, kind, shows emotional attitude towards people in compassion, sympathy, care, affection, knows how to cheer and calm those around, disinterested and sympathetic.
The first four types of interpersonal relationships -1, 2, 3 and 4 are characterized by the predominance of non-conformal tendencies and a tendency to disjunctive (conflict) manifestations (3, 4), greater independence of opinion, persistence in defending one's own point of view, a tendency towards leadership and domination (1 , 2).
The other four octants - 5, 6, 7, 8 - represent the opposite picture: the predominance of conformal attitudes, congruence in contacts with others (7, 8), self-doubt, compliance with the opinions of others, a tendency to compromise (5, 6).
A qualitative analysis of the data obtained is carried out by comparing discograms showing the difference between the representations different people... S.V. Maximov gives the indices of the accuracy of reflection, differentiation of perception, the degree of well-being of the position of the individual in the group, the degree of awareness of the opinion of the group by the individual, and the significance of the group for the individual.
The methodological technique allows you to study the problem of psychological compatibility and is often used in the practice of family counseling, group psychotherapy and socio-psychological training.
Leary test: a questionnaire for the diagnosis of interpersonal relations, a method of DME.
The method, authored by T. Leary (1954), is a specialized test aimed at studying the test taker's perception of the ideal “I” and to himself, as well as his ability to form relationships in small groups. The result of the questionnaire shows the type of relationship to society through self-assessment and mutual assessment. The determining factors are two polar factors "dominance - submission", "friendliness - hostility". On the basis of them, a number of orientations are distinguished - types of attitude towards others. After that, a general assessment of the severity of each of the types, the degree of adaptation of the behavior of the tested person (goal and its achievement) is given. The red indicator of non-adaptability is a high probability of neurotic deviations, disharmony between setting a goal and achieving it, finding the tested person in any extreme situation.
 |
|
Theory
The presented technique, which saw the light of day in 1954, is the result of the joint work of such known to science authors such as T. Leary, G. Leforge, R. Sazek. Based on the determination of the level of self-esteem and mutual esteem, it is expressed in such factors as "dominance - submission", "friendliness - hostility." Named by M. Argyll among the main components in the analysis of the style of interpersonal behavior, according to their content, they can be correlated with two of the three main axes of C. Osgood's semantic differential: assessment and strength.
 |
 |
 |
 |
Procedure for
Those who decide to take the Leary test online for free will be presented with a number of judgments regarding the character of a person and his relationship with people around him. Reading one by one, you need to mentally imagine the situation and indicate whether it corresponds to your idea of how it should be. If the description of the situation coincides with your behavior in society, put a "+" sign, if not, put a "-" sign. An adequate test result can only be obtained if you answer sincerely. If you have any doubts about the answer to a question, it is recommended to prefer the “-” sign to the “+” sign. Upon completion of the assessment of the real "I", try to take the test again and put down the signs as you think they should stand in case of an ideal reaction to the situation. Do not forget to indicate the judgments that characterize specifically you, some familiar person or your ideal. The technique can be presented to the test taker either as a list (alphabetically or in random order), or on separate cards.Ecology of consciousness. Psychology: This technique was developed by Timothy Leary (1954) and is designed to study the subject's ideas about himself and the ideal "I", as well as to study relationships in small groups. With its help, the prevailing type of relationship to people in self-esteem and mutual esteem is revealed. In this case, two factors stand out: "dominance-submission" and "friendliness-aggressiveness (hostility)".
Description of the method
This technique was developed by Timothy Leary (1954) and is designed to study the subject's ideas about himself and the ideal "I", as well as to study relationships in small groups. With its help, the prevailing type of relationship to people in self-esteem and mutual esteem is revealed. In this case, two factors stand out: "dominance-submission" and "friendliness-aggressiveness (hostility)".
Timothy Leary
Depending on the relevant indicators, a number of orientations are distinguished - types of attitude towards others. Conclusions are made about the severity of the type, the degree of adaptation of behavior - the degree of conformity (inconsistency) between the goals and the results achieved in the process of activity.
A very large maladaptive behavior (in the presentation of the results is highlighted in red) may indicate neurotic deviations, disharmony in the field of decision-making, or be the result of any extreme situations.
The technique can be used both for self-assessment and for assessing the observed behavior of people ("from the outside"). In the latter case, the subject answers questions as if for another person, based on his idea of him.
Summarizing the results of such testing of different members of the group (for example, the work collective), it is possible to draw up a generalized "representative" portrait of any of its members, for example, a leader. And draw conclusions about the attitude of other members of the group towards him.
Theoretical basis
The technique was created by T. Leary, G. Leforge, R. Sazek in 1954 and is designed to study the subject's ideas about himself and the ideal "I", and also for studying relationships in small groups. With the help of this technique, the prevailing type of attitude towards people in self-esteem and mutual esteem is revealed.
In the study of interpersonal relations, two factors are most often distinguished: dominance-submission and friendliness-aggressiveness. It is these factors that determine the general impression of a person in the processes of interpersonal perception.
They are named by M. Argyll among the main components in the analysis of the style of interpersonal behavior and, in terms of content, can be correlated with two of the three main axes of the semantic differential of C. Osgood: score and strength.
In a long-term study conducted by American psychologists under the leadership of B. Bales, the behavior of a group member is assessed by two variables, the analysis of which is carried out in a three-dimensional space formed by three axes: dominance-submission, friendliness-aggressiveness, emotionality-analyticity.
To represent the main social orientations, T. Leary developed a conditional scheme in the form of a circle, divided into sectors. In this circle along the horizontal and vertical axes four orientations are indicated: dominance-submission, friendliness-hostility. In turn, these sectors are divided into eight - according to more private relationships. For an even more subtle description, the circle is divided into 16 sectors, but more often octants are used, oriented in a certain way relative to the two main axes.
T. Leary's scheme is based on the assumption that the closer the subject's results are to the center of the circle, the stronger the relationship of these two variables. The sum of the scores for each orientation is translated into an index where the vertical (dominance-submission) and horizontal (friendliness-hostility) axes dominate. The distance of the obtained indicators from the center of the circle indicates the adaptability or extremeness of interpersonal behavior.
The questionnaire contains 128 value judgments, of which 16 items are formed in each of the 8 types of relationships, sorted by ascending intensity. The technique is structured in such a way that judgments aimed at clarifying a certain type of relationship are not arranged in a row, but in a special way: they are grouped by 4 and repeated after an equal number of definitions. During processing, the number of relations of each type is counted.
T. Leary suggested using the methodology to assess the observed behavior of people, i.e. behavior in evaluating others ("from the outside"), for self-esteem, evaluating loved ones, for describing the ideal "I". In accordance with these diagnostic levels, the instruction for the answer changes. Different directions of diagnostics make it possible to determine the type of personality, as well as to compare data on certain aspects. For example, "social" I "," real "I" "," my partners ", etc.
Procedure for
Instructions
“You will be presented with judgments concerning the character of a person, his relationships with people around him. Carefully read each judgment and assess whether it corresponds to your image of yourself.
Put a "+" sign on the answer sheet against the numbers of those definitions that correspond to your idea of yourself, and a "-" sign against the numbers of those statements that do not correspond to your idea of yourself. Try to be sincere. If you are not completely sure, do not put the "+" sign.
After evaluating your real "I", re-read all the judgments and mark those of them that correspond to your idea of what you, in your opinion, should be ideally. "
If it is necessary to assess the personality of someone else, then an additional instruction is given: "In the same way, as in the first two options, give an assessment of the personality of your boss (co-worker, subordinate: 1." My boss, as he really is "; 2." My ideal boss ").
The technique can be presented to the respondent either as a list (alphabetically or in random order), or on separate cards. He is asked to indicate those statements that correspond to his idea of himself, refer to another person or his ideal.
Processing of results
At the first stage of data processing, points are calculated for each octant using the key to the questionnaire.
Key
- Authoritarian: 1 - 4, 33 - 36, 65 - 68, 97 - 100.
- Selfish: 5 - 8, 37 - 40, 69 - 72, 101 - 104.
- Aggressive: 9 - 12, 41 - 44, 73 - 76, 105 - 108.
- Suspicious: 13 - 16, 45 - 48, 77 - 80, 109 - 112.
- Subordinate: 17 - 20, 49 - 52, 81 - 84, 113 - 116.
- Dependent: 21 - 24, 53 - 56, 85 - 88, 117 - 120.
- Friendly: 25 - 28, 57 - 60, 89 - 92, 121 - 124.
- Altruistic: 29 - 32, 61 - 64, 93 - 96, 125 - 128.
At the second stage, the points obtained are transferred to the diagram, while the distance from the center of the circle corresponds to the number of points for this octant ( minimum value- 0, maximum - 16).
The ends of such vectors are connected and form a profile that reflects the idea of \ u200b \ u200bthe personality this person... The outlined space is shaded. For each representation, a separate diagram is built, on which it is characterized by the severity of the features of each octant.
Psychogram
At the third stage, using formulas, indicators are determined for two main parameters "Dominance" and "Friendliness":
Domination= (I - V) + 0.7 x (VIII + II - IV - VI)
Friendliness= (VII - III) + 0.7 x (VIII - II - IV + VI)
Thus, the scoring system for 16 interpersonal variables turns into two digital indices that characterize the subject's presentation in terms of the indicated parameters.
As a result, an analysis of the personal profile is carried out - the types of attitude towards others are determined.
Interpretation of results
Scoring is carried out separately for each individual assessed. An indicator of a violation of relations with a certain person is the difference between a person's ideas about him and his desired image as a communication partner.
The maximum assessment of the level is 16 points, but it is divided into four degrees of expression of the attitude:
The positive value of the result obtained by the "dominance" formula indicates a person's pronounced desire for leadership in communication, for domination. A negative value indicates a tendency towards obedience, denial of responsibility, and a leadership position.
A positive result according to the formula "friendliness" is an indicator of a person's desire to establish friendly relations and cooperation with others. A negative result indicates the manifestation of an aggressively competitive position that impedes cooperation and successful joint activities... Quantitative results are indicators of the severity of these characteristics.
The most shaded octants on the profile correspond to the prevailing style of interpersonal relations of the given individual. Characteristics that do not go beyond 8 points are characteristic of harmonious individuals. Indicators exceeding 8 points indicate an accentuation of the properties revealed by this octant.
Points reaching the level of 14-16 indicate the difficulties of social adaptation. Low scores for all octants (0-3 points) may be the result of the subject's secrecy and lack of candor. If in the psychogram there are no octants shaded above 4 points, then the data are doubtful in terms of their reliability: the diagnostic situation did not dispose to frankness.
The first four types of interpersonal relations (octants 1-4) are characterized by a tendency towards leadership and domination, independence of opinion, a willingness to defend their own point of view in a conflict. The other four octants (5-8) - reflect the predominance of conformal attitudes, self-doubt, malleability to the opinion of others, a tendency to compromise.
In general, the interpretation of data should be guided by the prevalence of some indicators over others and, to a lesser extent, by absolute values. Normally, there are usually no significant discrepancies between the actual and ideal "I". Moderate discrepancy can be viewed as necessary condition self-improvement.
Dissatisfaction with oneself is more often observed in persons with low self-esteem (5,6,7 octants), as well as in persons in a situation of protracted conflict (4 octants). The prevalence of both 1 and 5 octant is characteristic of persons with a problem of painful pride, authoritarianism, 4 and 8 - the conflict between the desire for recognition by the group and hostility, i.e. the problem of suppressed hostility, 3 and 7 - the struggle between the motives of self-affirmation and affiliation, 2 and 6 - the problem of independence-obedience, arising in a difficult official or other situation, forcing obedience in spite of internal protest.
Individuals who show dominant, aggressive and independent traits of behavior are much less likely to show dissatisfaction with their character and interpersonal relationships, however, they may also show a tendency to improve their style of interpersonal interaction with the environment. At the same time, an increase in the indicators of one octant or another will determine the direction in which a person moves independently for self-improvement, the degree of awareness of existing problems, and the presence of intrapersonal resources.
Types of interpersonal relationships
13 - 16 - dictatorial, domineering, despotic character, a type of strong personality that leads in all types of group activities. He instructs everyone, teaches, strives to rely on his own opinion in everything, does not know how to accept the advice of others. The surrounding people note this imperiousness, but recognize it.
9 - 12 - dominant, energetic, competent, authoritative leader, successful in business, loves to give advice, demands respect for himself. 0-8 is a confident person, but not necessarily a leader, tenacious and persistent.
II. Selfish
13 - 16 - strives to be above everyone, but at the same time aloof from everyone, narcissistic, calculating, independent, selfish. He shifts the difficulties on to those around him, he himself treats them somewhat aloof, boastful, self-righteous, arrogant.
0 - 12 - selfish traits, self-orientation, tendency to compete.
III. Aggressive
13 - 16 - tough and hostile towards others, harsh, tough, aggressiveness can reach asocial behavior.
9 - 12 - demanding, straightforward, frank, strict and harsh in assessing others, irreconcilable, inclined to blame others for everything, mocking, ironic, irritable.
0 - 8 - stubborn, stubborn, persistent and energetic.
IV. Suspicious
13 - 16 - alienated in relation to a hostile and evil world, suspicious, touchy, inclined to doubt everything, vindictive, constantly complaining about everyone, dissatisfied with everything (schizoid type of character).
9 - 12 - critical, uncommunicative, experiencing difficulties in interpersonal contacts due to self-doubt, suspicion and fear of a bad attitude, withdrawn, skeptical, disappointed in people, secretive, manifests its negativism in verbal aggression.
0 - 8 - critical of all social phenomena and people around them.
V. Subordinate
13 - 16 - submissive, inclined to self-humiliation, weak-willed, inclined to yield to everyone and in everything, always puts himself in last place and condemns himself, ascribes to himself the guilt, passive, seeks to find support in someone stronger.
9 - 12 - Shy, meek, easily embarrassed, inclined to obey the stronger without considering the situation.
0 - 8 - modest, timid, compliant, emotionally restrained, able to obey, does not have his own opinion, obediently and honestly performs his duties.
Vi. Dependent
13 - 16 - sharply unsure of himself, has obsessive fears, apprehensions, worries about any reason, therefore, depends on others, on someone else's opinion. 9-12 - obedient, fearful, helpless, does not know how to show resistance, sincerely believes that others are always right.
0 - 8 - conformable, gentle, expects help and advice, trusting, inclined to admiration of others, polite.
Vii. Friendly
9 - 16 - friendly and helpful with everyone, focused on acceptance and social approval, seeks to satisfy the requirements of everyone, "be good" for everyone without regard to the situation, strives for the goals of microgroups, has developed mechanisms of repression and suppression, emotionally labile (hysterical type of character).
0 - 8 - inclined to cooperation, cooperation, flexible and compromise in solving problems and in conflict situations, strives to be in agreement with the opinions of others, consciously conform, follows the conventions, rules and principles of "good taste" in relations with people, proactive enthusiast in achieving the goals of the group , seeks to help, feel in the center of attention, earn recognition and love, sociable, shows warmth and friendliness in relationships.
VIII. Altruistic
9 - 16 - hyperresponsible, always sacrifices his own interests, seeks to help and sympathize with everyone, obsessive in his help and too active in relation to others, takes responsibility for others (there can only be an external "mask" hiding a person of the opposite type).
0 - 8 - Responsible in relation to people, delicate, gentle, kind, emotional attitude towards people manifests in compassion, sympathy, care, affection, knows how to cheer up and calm those around, disinterested and sympathetic.
The first four types of interpersonal relationships -1, 2, 3 and 4 are characterized by the predominance of non-conformal tendencies and a tendency to disjunctive (conflict) manifestations (3, 4), greater independence of opinion, persistence in defending one's own point of view, a tendency towards leadership and domination (1 , 2).
The other four octants - 5, 6, 7, 8 - represent the opposite picture: the predominance of conformal attitudes, congruence in contacts with others (7, 8), self-doubt, compliance with the opinions of others, a tendency to compromise (5, 6).
Questionnaire text
Instruction: You are presented with a list of characteristics. You should carefully read each and decide if it matches your self-image. If it matches, then mark it in the protocol with a cross, if it does not match, do not put anything. If you are not completely sure, do not put a cross. Try to be sincere.
- Others think favorably of him.
- Impressing others
- Knows how to dispose, order
- Knows how to insist on his own
- Has a sense of dignity
- Independent
- Able to take care of himself
- May be indifferent
- Capable of being harsh
- Strict but fair
- May be sincere
- Critical of others
- Loves to cry
- Often sad
- Able to show distrust
- Often disappointed
- Able to be critical of himself
- Able to admit that he is wrong
- Willingly obeys
- Compliant
- Grateful
- Admiring, inclined to imitate
- Good
- Seeker of approval
- Capable of cooperation, mutual assistance
- Seeks to get along with others
- Friendly, benevolent
- Attentive, affectionate
- Delicate
- Encouraging
- Responsive to calls for help
- Selfless
- Capable of arousing admiration
- Respected by others
- Has a talent for leadership
- Loves responsibility
- Self-assured
- Self-confident, assertive
- Busy, practical
- Likes to compete
- Persistent and tenacious where necessary
- Relentless but impartial
- Irritable
- Open, straightforward
- Can't stand to be commanded
- Skeptical
- It's hard to impress him
- Touchy, scrupulous
- Easily embarrassed
- Unconfident
- Compliant
- Modest
- Often uses the help of others
- Very respectful of authorities
- Readily accepts advice
- Trusting and striving to please others
- Always kind in getting around
- Treasures the opinion of others
- Sociable, easygoing
- Kindhearted
- Kind, confidence-inspiring
- Gentle, kindhearted
- Likes to take care of others
- Unselfish, generous
- Likes to give advice
- Comes across as a significant person
- Overbearing imperative
- Imperious
- Boastful
- Arrogant and self-righteous
- Thinks only of himself
- Sly, calculating
- Intolerant of the mistakes of others
- Selfish
- Frank
- Often unfriendly
- Embittered
- Complainant
- Jealous
- Long remembers his grievances
- Self-flagellating
- Shy
- Lack of initiative
- Gentle
- Dependent, dependent
- Loves to obey
- Allows others to make decisions
- Easily gets screwed up
- Easily influenced by friends
- I am ready to trust anyone
- Disposed towards everyone indiscriminately
- Sympathizes with everyone
- Forgives everything
- Overwhelmed with excessive sympathy
- Generous, tolerant of shortcomings
- Seeks to patronize
- Strives for success
- Expects admiration from everyone
- Disposes of others
- Despotic
- Snob, judges people only by rank and wealth
- Conceited
- Selfish
- Cold, callous
- Sarcastic, mocking
- Angry, cruel
- Often angry
- Insensitive, indifferent
- Vindictive
- Permeated with a spirit of contradiction
- Stubborn
- Distrustful, suspicious
- Timid
- Shy
- Differs in excessive readiness to obey
- Spineless
- Almost never minds anyone
- Intrusive
- Loves to be taken care of
- Overly trusting
- Seeks to find the location of everyone
- Agrees with everyone
- Always friendly
- Loves everyone
- Too forgiving to others
- Tries to comfort everyone
- Caring for others at the expense of himself
- Spoils people with excessive kindness.
Description In Russia, a widespread version of the Timothy Leary test, adapted by L.N. Sobchik - DME (method for diagnosing interpersonal relationships). The technique is economical and informative. It is of particular interest for the assessment of candidates and personnel of the organization. The test allows you to clearly structure the existing picture of interpersonal relations, identify the real leader of the group, determine the zone of conflict and understand the reasons for its occurrence, recognize antagonistic and collegially minded subgroups, and determine the degree of team cohesion. Results and interpretation. After completing the questionnaire, you will receive an individual psychogram. Using the description of interpersonal trends, you can make an individual interpretation of the data obtained. Instructions for the study of self-esteem. Here is a set of characteristics. You should carefully read each and think whether it corresponds to your idea of yourself. If “yes”, then mark the corresponding characteristic in the grid of the registration sheet (column “Relevant”). If no, then don't mark it up. The column "Desired" is designed to select the characteristics that you would like to see in yourself - what you would like to be. Be careful, try to answer as accurately, truthfully and quickly as possible. Instructions for studying mutual appreciation, evaluating another person. Here is a set of characteristics. You should carefully read each and think whether it corresponds to your idea of the person being assessed. If “yes”, then mark the corresponding characteristic in the grid of the registration sheet (column “Relevant”). If no, then don't mark it up. The column "Desired" is intended to select the characteristics that you would like to see in the evaluated person (possibly in a hypothetical, for example, " ideal partner"). Be careful, try to answer as accurately, truthfully and quickly as possible.
Specifications
- Scope of application:general diagnostic / management / family
- Content: interpersonal, socio-psychological
- Method structure:multidimensional (complex)
- Scales: eight typological interpersonal tendencies (octants); two complex indices - dominance and friendliness
- Method author / adaptation:Timothy Leary / Sobchik Ludmila Nikolaevna
- Method format:online / blank
- Types of incentives: verbal
- Number of questions (statements):128 * 2
- Time of passage:20
- Informativeness of interpretation:high