Beam connections in corners and straight walls of a house require strength and tightness. For tightness timber house The humidity of the building material has a huge impact. If you build a house from timber natural humidity, during shrinkage and shrinkage, the log house will experience significant internal stresses, which can lead to its deformations.

By using lumber that has been dried to 20%, you can kill several problems in the bud at once - cracks, cracks, heavy settlement, etc. Ideally, use profiled or laminated timber for the log house chamber drying. The shrinkage of such a log house will be minimal.

The second method to avoid blowing corners is to make these corners with special, complex joint shapes.

The corners must be strong. The frame is subject to forces from possible ground movements, from its own weight and the weight of the roof, roofing and snow, as well as pressure from the force of the wind. The corners must withstand all loads, and in addition, withstand deformations from fluctuations in linear dimensions due to rain, snow and changes in heat and humidity conditions.

Corner connection with remainder

Very important advantages of this type of cutting:

• Blowing from the street is minimal, even in strong winds and frost;
• High reliability. Even if not fixed with dowels, the beams, connected in the corners by one of the types of felling with the remainder, do not move even with moderate movements of the foundation soil under the influence of heaving or seismicity. Lower crowns holds the weight of the top and tight connection of the corners.

Main types of cutting with residue

Method of cutting with a one-sided locking groove

This method is equally good for square timber, and for profiled. One side of the beam is cut to form a groove perpendicular to the axis of the beam. The thickness of the groove is equal to half the thickness of the timber, the width and length of the groove are the same. The lock is obtained when this groove accommodates ½ of a beam located perpendicular to it. Such a crown is tightly fixed in relation to the underlying crown in one direction. Additional fixation with dowels gives the corner sufficient strength.

Cutting with double-sided locking groove

This type of cutting is a little more complicated - you will have to select grooves from both the top edge of the beam and the bottom. The grooves in this case have the same width as with the method single-sided groove and a depth equal to ¼ thickness. Double-sided cutting of grooves takes twice as long and requires greater precision, but provides an undeniable advantage - rigid fixation of each pair of beams not in one, but in two directions. That is, spatial rigidity is already evident. Now, with any temperature and humidity fluctuations, shifting the beams and crowns relative to each other is practically impossible.

Cutting with a four-sided locking groove

The cutting is very complex, the grooves can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical, and choosing such a complex groove manually is extremely labor-intensive. Typically, such complex grooves with ideal geometry are made on equipment that produces house kits. Then, at a construction site, these kits are assembled from numbered beams, like Lego constructors.

Complex and expensive processing, but no practical improvement in the tightness of the corner is observed, although in theory such a corner should become absolutely ideal.

Main types of cutting without residue

The angle without any residue saves on lumber. The beam is entirely in the plane of the wall, the ends do not protrude outward. But there is no overall savings, since these corners require additional insulation and caulking. In terms of strength, reliability and protection from blowing, these types of cuttings are also inferior to corners cut with the remainder. Competition can only come from a warm corner, also known as a root thorn.

Cutting without residue allows you to make the façade of the house more geometrically strict, making it easier to complete exterior finishing. The issue of aesthetics is controversial, and has more to do with style.

Corners from both square and profiled timber are cut without residue.

Butt cutting without residue

The simplest and quick way for the construction of outbuildings. No additional processing is required, simply lay the bars of the required lengths in a checkerboard pattern. To ensure that the beams in the crowns and the crowns themselves do not move relative to each other, this method of felling requires the use of fasteners - galvanized steel overlay plates, steel brackets or wooden dowels.

Labor costs in in this case are minimal, carpentry experience may be completely absent. If you make a log house in this way from dried timber, you can get an acceptable result. From raw lumber, as carpenters say, no matter how hard you try, the corner will move after drying. The corner is deformed, and humidity fluctuations will contribute to linear fluctuations, resulting in blown gaps.

Butt cutting with dowels

The key may be different shapes. For a straight key, you will need to select straight grooves along the ends and side surfaces of adjacent beams. Under the key - dovetail you need to choose a rather complex groove, with widening from the middle. The key also has complex shape.

The connection with a straight key will prevent the crown beams from moving in the horizontal plane, but not in the vertical. Vertically, the crowns will be supported only by their own weight and the weight of the overlying structures. The dovetail-shaped key will securely fix the angle and prevent the beams from moving in both directions. This method of cutting without residue gives an almost windproof corner.

Half-tree felling

Also an easy cut. At the ends of the beams, cuts are made to ½ thickness, resulting in a tenon that is the same in length and width. Without fixation with dowels, this connection will not be reliable. After the log house shrinks and settles, the corner will most likely be blown out and will require additional insulation. The second caulking of log houses after curing and settling is always done.

As with butt cutting, you can modify this method by securing the corners with dowels. In this case, the bars will not move.

You can also improve the method of cutting half a tree if you join the ends into a paw. The paw has a more complex shape - the cuts are made inclined, wedge-shaped, exactly to size. The result is an increase in the strength of the log house, the beams are fixed relative to each other in the crowns, and the weight of the overlying crowns prevents the displacement of the underlying ones. The corner looks aesthetically pleasing from the inside and outside, the façade of the house is geometric and smooth.

Connection to a warm corner (to a root tenon)

It is considered the warmest, windproof connection and at the same time guarantees the fixation of the crowns. The method is not the most difficult:

The ends are cut off, leaving tenons, the length and width of which should be exactly 1/3 of the section of the beam. A simpler tenon has the shape of a rectangle, while a more complex tenon has a one-sided widening. The grooves of the joined beams are selected according to the size of these tenons, but without precise fitting, since the grooves need to be caulked with moss, flax or jute fiber, hemp or felt. Bars with spikes are placed on top of bars with grooves. Fastening the crowns with dowels is mandatory with this cutting method.

Fastening beams with dowels

• The classic wood for dowels is birch, free of defects, knots and cross-layers, and with a parallel arrangement of fibers relative to the longitudinal axis.
• The optimal length of the dowels is 0.8 of the sum of the heights of the two connected crowns. Sometimes not two, but three beams are connected with one dowel. The diameters of the dowels are from 25 to 35 mm.
• Dowels are installed at intervals of up to 1.5 m, and always on both sides of each corner. Along horizontal rows, the dowels are shifted to checkerboard pattern.

Connections of beams along the length

Long straight sections of walls can exceed the length of the lumber. The joining of timber along the length is done in one plane. The requirements for connections are the same as for corners - strength and tightness.

The easiest way to join a beam along its length is to join with rectangular dowels. The crowns will be securely fixed in the transverse direction; such a joint will not be blown through. The key is cut slightly smaller than the groove to leave gaps for the caulking. The grooves under the key are sealed with moss, jute and flax fiber and other materials.

More difficult and more efficient way joining beams with a root tenon. Direct splicing is technologically a little simpler than corner splicing, but also requires precision. There should be a few mm gaps between the groove and the tenon to be filled with caulk.

The most complex, costly in terms of material and labor, and at the same time the best in terms of results, type of straight splicing is joining with an oblique lock. The dimensions must be accurate, the fit close to ideal. The lock configuration is not simple. As a result, two beams have two completely overlapped sections in connection, which gives the joint strength, and the clever shape of the oblique lock makes it impossible for a gap to appear even with significant shrinkage.

Currently, one of the most promising areas in residential construction is the construction of wooden houses. Despite the huge variety modern materials, practical people who care about their comfort and the health of their loved ones, prefer to build houses from the most natural and environmentally friendly material– wood, namely profiled timber.

Profiled timber has properties for which it is highly valued in construction: it provides an optimal indoor microclimate and retains heat inside the house. The greatest efficiency of heat conservation is observed only when certain systems construction, including cutting corners using technology "warm corner".

What is the technology of cutting into a warm corner?

The “warm corner” system has become widespread in the field of residential construction due to its ease of installation and a huge number of advantages. The technology itself is quite simple and, if you have certain skills, you can lay timber in a very short time. If we talk in simple language, a warm corner is a felling (cut) of a log house with a ledge. During the construction of the structure, the beams are joined together in such a way that one corner element with a “tenon” fits into another corner element with a groove, the size of which ideally matches the parameters of the tenon.

The protrusion is made as close as possible to the edge of the beam, alternating crown joints. This allows for maximum structural stability. Cutting into a warm corner is good because when building a house, the corner elements are connected so firmly that they form a kind of castle without gaps at the joints.

There are several ways to cut timber joints, each of which has individual characteristics and recommendations for connecting the corner elements of the timber:

"To a warm corner"(dovetail) - the protrusion and groove are made in the shape of a trapezoid, due to which such a butt joint is characterized by the most reliable and durable. The outer end of the “tail” is larger than the inner one, due to which the lock cannot be disconnected, but rather closes stronger naturally. We are hammering the joint. This method is perfectly protected from moisture entering the joint. This is exactly the option we We offer our clients a free promotion!
"Into the floor of a tree"- a recess half the size of its length is made in the end part of one beam. The design requires additional fastening of the beams. The most commonly used nails or dowels are made of wood. This method is simpler than the previous one, but provides less thermal insulation of the structure.
"Butt cutting"– is considered the most elementary way of laying profiled timber. The timber is laid in a checkerboard pattern, which significantly reduces the time spent on building a residential building. If you have certain skills, build wooden frame You can do it at home in a few hours.

There are also other options for cutting joints, but due to the laboriousness of the process and unjustification from the point of view of the final result, they are used extremely rarely.

Advantages and benefits of a warm corner

The construction of houses from profiled timber is very popular not only due to natural properties material, but also the advantages provided by the “warm corner” technology:

• High speed of frame assembly - the timber is manufactured in our production in a form ready for construction and does not require additional processing, which helps reduce the time spent on completing construction;
• Assembling timber using the “warm corner” system in most cases does not require additional fastening. At the same time, the joint itself is strong and reliable, and the finished structure is stable;
• The required level of heat is maintained inside the room and an optimal microclimate is created;
• Thanks to the ideal geometric shape of the corner, the house does not require additional finishing outside or inside.

Usually when made of profiled timber, connecting corners using the “warm corner” system is carried out for an additional fee. But, when ordering construction from our company, specialists will cut out a warm corner completely free of charge, since this service is included in the standard package of the building.

At first glance, it seems that the technologies for constructing a house from profiled timber or solid logs have long been established and nothing new can be invented in this direction. But it is worth noting that over time, established assembly methods still undergo significant changes. Here, for example, is the classic corner connection method wooden log house, the so-called “cup” connection, thanks to the appearance modern instrument transformed into a more technologically advanced “paw” connection, however, such a connection turned out to be not without flaws. It has already been replaced by a new scheme, called “in a warm corner”.

Assembling the corner joint is the most critical step in the process of assembling a wooden frame; in addition, it is also the most labor-intensive. Almost everything depends on how well the corner is assembled. performance characteristics at home, this includes the service life and susceptibility to warping and deformation of the walls, and most importantly, how warm the house will be.

Each of us has been convinced from our own experience that the corners freeze first in winter, and if this happens, then it is quite difficult to deal with this problem. It is best to take care of this during the construction phase. There are several ways to achieve good results.

Characteristics it has
quality corner connection:

Everything here is quite simple: strength, tightness, aesthetics, manufacturability and efficiency, these are the characteristics that first come to our minds, but are most interesting to us:

Strength. It is known that the timber is fixed under the pressure of its own weight, as well as the pressure of the floors and the weight of the roof. But such connections must be resistant to possible changes in the linear dimensions of the timber, and wood, as is known, is susceptible to deformation that occurs with fluctuations in atmospheric humidity and air temperature. This effect can be reduced by using timber that has been pre-dried to 18-25%; unlike material with natural moisture, it will create a minimum of problems both during the construction process and during operation.

Tightness. One of the main conditions for why we are building a house is to protect ourselves from the external environment; circulating drafts will bring pleasure to few people. The simplest solution to avoid drafts is to complicate the path for air to pass through the connections, i.e. we must make the connection of parts geometrically more complex.

Types of beam connections in corners

When building a house from timber, all types of corner joints can be divided into two types:

1. Angle with remainder.
2. Angle without remainder

Angle with remainder

Such a connection can have different names: “into the cup”, “into the edge” or an angle with cuts. What exactly is an angle with a remainder? During the construction of a log house, the joints are formed in such a way that the edges of the logs extend beyond the walls. Docking occurs due to grooves - one-, two- or four-sided. In the first option, a notch is made on top of the beam in width, which corresponds to the cross section of the upper segment. And when cutting a double-sided groove, the same cuts are made, both above and below, and in width, and they are equal to a quarter of the height of the lumber.

To increase the strength of the structure they use four way connection. In this case, cuts are made on four sides. Laying timber of this shape is very convenient; the crowns in this embodiment are located transversely on top of each other. In order to ensure additional tightness, the corner is filled with insulation between the crowns - this is, as a rule, flax tow or jute insulation.

Basic positive qualities corner connection of the beam with the remainder:

It has high degree reliability and does not require additional fixation. At the same time, the crowns located on top reliably hold the bottom ones by applying pressure with their own weight. In this case, displacement of any wall elements becomes impossible, even during seismic vibrations.

This connection option is very technologically advanced; it is possible to prepare the grooves on the timber in advance under production conditions, and then compactly assemble it on site like a construction set.

The main disadvantages of assembling the corners of a log house with overcuts:

• As a result of drying and shrinkage of the timber after assembly, cracks may appear in the corner joint; in this case, the groove may freeze and be blown out. It is almost impossible to organize tightness and insulation.
• There is an obvious waste of the material used, since the logs, as a rule, must be significantly longer than the structure itself.
• And of course, the protruding ends significantly interfere exterior decoration Houses
• The ends crack and require special treatment

Angle without remainder

In this type of house construction, the parts used are cut to exactly the required size. It is important to note that the joining in the corner parts is made in such a way that the ends are located in the same plane. This structure turns out to be more neat and aesthetic. Several methods are used to connect timber in such corners of a log house. But, as a rule, only some are suitable for the construction of residential premises.

"Butt"

With this method, parts are laid joint to joint. For connection, an element specially adapted for fastening or a screw stud is used. This construction option is typical for utility rooms. A log house built using this method does not initially imply the presence of high thermal insulation characteristics, therefore, such premises are not intended for living in during the cold season. This connection of corners can be used for the construction country house, which does not pretend to be a year-round residence. To improve the thermal insulation characteristics of this type of connection, install an additional dowel across the connecting seam.

"Half a Tree"

This method can significantly protect the room from drafts, but still these characteristics are not enough to build a warm home. This method works well for building country houses or light garden houses.

"Into the paw"

It manifests itself as a more modified version of the previous structure. This method is considered to be a simplified version classic way corner connection. In the old days, the paw was cut from scraped logs. This method is suitable exclusively for the first crown and top trim, but in no case is it suitable for building walls, because it has a through gap.

"Dovetail"

This type of joining is suitable for logs and timber. Due to the special shape of the cut, after the wood is saturated with moisture or, conversely, during the process of drying out, the connection parts do not change their original shape, due to which the protection is maintained living rooms from the penetration of cold. To eliminate cracks, they are sealed with insulation and then sheathed on the outside.

"Warm Corner"

The disadvantages that are described in the methods given above are completely absent when assembling “in a warm corner”. This connection is more suitable than others for profiled timber. A special profile is cut out at the end of the beam; when connected, it completely eliminates the possibility of blowing through the corners. To achieve a completely tight fit, a special groove is cut out. It is located inside the trunk, which is used for the joint, and a tenon is formed at the mating end of the beam, which ensures excellent tightness.

This type of connection, which is also referred to as a “root tenon,” preserves the walls from displacement and provides unsurpassed protection from the wind.

At this type gap assemblies also require sealing with insulation, and then sheathing the corner from the outside.

If it is planned to build not just an outbuilding, but a premises for permanent residence– you should choose the most suitable types of corner connections for this – “warm corner” or “dovetail”. The second option will require certain skill from the performers, so it must be taken into account that dovetail assembly may require additional financial costs.

Sp-force-hide ( display: none;).sp-form ( display: block; background: #f5f5f5; padding: 10px; width: 450px; max-width: 100%; border-radius: 8px; -moz-border -radius: 8px; -webkit-border-radius: 8px; border-style: solid border-width: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: auto;).sp-form input ( display: inline-block; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;).sp-form .sp-form-fields -wrapper ( margin: 0 auto; width: 430px;).sp-form .sp-form-control ( background: #ffffff; border-color: #cccccc; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font- size: 15px; padding-right: 8.75px; -moz-border-radius: 4px; ;).sp-form .sp-field label ( color: #444444; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;).sp-form .sp-button ( border-radius: 4px ; -moz-border-radius: 4px; -webkit-border-radius: 4px; background-color: #0089bf; color: #ffffff; width: auto; font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; -webkit-box-shadow: none;).sp-form .sp-button-container ( text-align: center;)

It’s warm in winter, cool in summer, houses made of wood, a material with excellent thermal insulation properties, are becoming increasingly popular not by chance. Wood improves air and fills space useful substances, aromas. But how to protect a building from cold winds, frost and heat, and make it truly warm and comfortable - warm corner technology will help.

What is technology?

High quality warm corner

The construction market is replete with offers wooden houses, whose popularity is growing day by day. People tired of big cities are striving to live in environmentally friendly homes, away from the city and closer to nature. Today, houses made of profiled timber, which meet all the requirements for comfortable housing, are in particular demand. The material creates an ideal indoor microclimate and has an attractive appearance.

However, high-quality construction of a log house is only possible using the warm corner technology. What is this technology? Simply put, this is joining timber in the corners of the house using protrusions. The wood is sawn in such a way as to ensure a tight fit of the parts without gaps or cracks. The corners of the cuts are joined together by a tongue-and-groove system, that is, one end fits into the other absolutely tightly. The crowns, by their own weight, add strength to the connection, and the entire structure is reliable and stable.

Important! Warm corner this connection of corners is strong, locking, consisting of surfaces perfectly adjacent to each other. Connecting the timber into a warm corner guarantees heat retention in winter without blowing or freezing.

An ideal warm corner involves additional insulation of joints and crowns with jute or other materials. There are different ways cutting joints to form a warm corner has been known since ancient times. Each method has its own differences, techniques for connecting corner elements.

Methods for joining timber

All existing options joints forming a warm corner have the same principle of fastening, the essence of which is that one end of the beam is fixed in the other, but the fastening methods differ.

Advice! When choosing a developer company, give preference to one that does not add a separate cost to the construction of warm corners when building a house. A self-respecting company that guarantees the quality of work will never emphasize individual technological elements in independent stages of work. If builders offer a “butt-to-butt” connection, refuse their services.

What types of connections guarantee the formation of warm corners.

Docking into the wood floor

This is the name for the option of connecting beams, in which half the width of the beam is cut on one wall, and half on the other, the cuts are connected at an angle. This joining option is not as reliable as a claw connection.

Docking in the paw

Docking into the paw can be done both with a remainder (when the end of the beam enters the corner of the wall) and without it. A notch is made in the wood, and the end of another beam is inserted into the paw. When chopping into the paw without any residue, you need it ideally flat timber, when cutting with the remainder, the length of the logs should be half a meter longer. Cutting into the paw has varieties, they are joined into a paw with a cut, a paw with a tooth. The labyrinth and dovetail combination are also types of claw cutting.

Dovetail docking

The method of attaching a dovetail, otherwise called an oblique foot, differs in that the cuts are made trapezoidal. This method is considered the most reliable and stable for the structure of the house. Variety this method– joining in half a dovetail, when the tenon is cut into a cone-shaped shape, this connection is used when the beam is shorter than the wall, which it seems to hook with a hook.

Straight tenon connection

A straight tenon connection is used when the length of the wall and beam are the same, suitable for small buildings. A groove is sawn in one beam, a tenon in another, the connection can be perfectly matched, which is what the warm corner technology requires. A variation of this connection is the corner tenon. In this case, the spike is made of a triangular shape. The connection is also tight and reliable.

Important! To build a residential building using the warm corner technology, you should buy profiled timber with a thickness of 140-200mm; another thickness is not possible for this.

So, a reliable and effective warm corner connection used in low-rise construction should be as tight as possible. The mating beams are cut from a third or a quarter of the thickness of the timber; to completely seal the joint, jute or felt insulation of plant origin is used.

To give greater strength to the connection, wooden dowels with a round cross-section, through or blind type, can be used. Dowels help ensure tighter connections; shrinkage of the house will occur faster and more correctly. The joints alternate in a checkerboard pattern, even with a tenon, odd with a groove.

Pros of technology

Correct application of technology contributes to the tightness of the structure, but not only that. Pros:

• reduction in fastening costs;
• improving the quality of house construction;
• significant reduction in heat loss;
• increased operating efficiency;
• aesthetic significance of the building;
• saving building material.

When dry, profiled timber with natural moisture changes its geometry and can warp or bend. After installation, the wood shrinks in a fixed position, which prevents the timber from deforming. Since cutting out the tongue-and-groove elements is done in advance, at the preparation stage, the assembly of the house itself does not require large quantity time and labor costs. Anyone can assemble a house with their own hands, saving money.

Advice! At the preliminary stage, you should not refuse consultations with experienced craftsmen, first you should learn how to make blanks, understand the intricacies technological process and only then, implement self-assembly home or bathhouse.

The disadvantages of the technology include the complexity of its implementation. To cut connecting elements correctly with a perfect fit requires practical knowledge and skills. An incorrectly cut tenon during shrinkage can lead to cracking of the timber.

Construction wooden house at present, is an advantage and the key to success of a practical modern person.
The most common and popular type of buildings are, which, in turn, has high strength and does not absorb moisture.

Houses made of timber effectively solve the energy problem, as they are characterized by excellent thermal insulation, which helps reduce the cost of heating the building.
Great progress in the construction of structures made of profiled timber, which makes it possible to achieve reliable stability of the entire structure, provide protection from cold gusty winds and subsequently retain heat, is the “warm corner” system.

The “warm corner” design is the cutting of a log house (corner) with a root tenon. The timber is connected in such a way that adjacent corner elements, one of which has a tenon and the other a groove, are the same size and symmetrical.

Options for cutting in “Into a warm corner”

The spike or protrusion has rectangular shape(50/80 X 50/80mm) and is located on the edge of the profiled beam. During construction, there is an alternation of joints on the crowns: on the even crowns there is a tenon on the left, and on the odd ones there is a groove.

Due to the tight fit of the tenon into the recess, a kind of “lock” is formed, eliminating the presence of cracks, a monolithic structure is formed, which is sealed with flax jute placed in the groove. Jute insulation is much better and more practical than moss, linen tow or linen batting. Having finished laying the next crown, a round wooden dowel is hammered into the corner. Thanks to the use wooden dowels, there are practically no gaps in the crowns of the log house, and shrinkage of the structure occurs faster. To date gusset“warm corner” is the most popular and is considered in a simple way installation of profiled timber. Material saving and high speed assembly are some of the advantages this method, which does not require additional fasteners.

In the process of building houses from timber or logs, great attention is paid to cutting the corners of the structure. There are several types of corner cutting: “tenon and groove” or warm corner; “to the floor of a tree”; "dovetail", one-, two- and four-sided keyway.

The dovetail design is considered the most reliable, since the tongue and groove have a trapezoidal shape.

The structure “in the floor of a tree” is a beam with a recess at the end with a depth of half the height of the product. Before assembly, drill holes in the corners of the timber for the dowel, calculating to connect several beams. The structure is fastened with nails, staples or wooden dowels.

The most popular and in a simple way Cutting corners is cutting at the butt. The beams are installed in a checkerboard pattern, tightly adjacent to each other. This technology allows you to complete the construction of a house in a matter of days. However, when cutting corners into joints, cracks are formed in the corners, which allows cold to get inside the house. Typically, such a house is sheathed and insulated on the outside.

Warm corner in execution

Advantages of the “warm corner” design

1. Ideal forms the source material contributes to impeccable geometry and clear fit of structural elements, which makes it monolithic and reliable.
2. The “warm corner” system does not require additional fasteners, which saves money and makes the design simple.
3. High-speed assembly using ready-made material helps to complete the construction of timber houses in a short time.
4. There are no “cold bridges”, due to which heat is retained indoors for a long time.
5. The “warm corner” design provides convenient interior and exterior decoration, so houses made of timber do not require special decoration.