Education is still valuable - every employer wants to hire qualified personnel. But to get a job Good work You don't have to go to college and get a degree. Today, graduates of technical schools, colleges and schools have every chance of successfully building a career. After the 9th grade, they have the opportunity to study at prestigious colleges. Entering technical schools and colleges after the 9th grade, graduating from them and starting work, they quickly accumulate theoretical and practical knowledge, and then have good opportunity study part-time at the university.

Abroad, colleges are something prestigious and expensive. In our country today, along with the usual schools and technical schools, educational institutions of this type have increasingly begun to open. Are there significant differences between these schools?

These educational institutions have several characteristics in common.

1. Technical schools and colleges belong to the 1-2 stages of accreditation, which means that after graduating from these educational institutions, graduates have the opportunity to receive the title of junior specialist and bachelor.

2. Similar conditions for the admission of applicants: after graduation, you must pass exams, gaining the number of points necessary for admission to the school. As a rule, education after grade 9 is free. If after the end of the 11th grade the graduate failed to gain required amount points, then he can transfer to a paid department in a technical school or college.

3. In college, after grade 9, students receive fundamental and advanced training, so it is believed that here you can get more high level education. Colleges in Moscow and other cities of the country provide students with a wide range of opportunities: after grade 9, after graduating from college, students can receive several professions at the same time, and the efforts of the teaching staff are retraining specialists and research work.

Today, highly skilled workers are in high demand all over the world. Former vocational schools Vocational schools receive new names: some become vocational schools, while others acquire the name of a vocational lyceum.

Many vocational schools are currently in the process of being reorganized into higher vocational schools.

How prestigious are diplomas from schools, colleges and secondary specialized educational institutions? It depends on the needs of employers. However, regardless of the profile of education, graduates of schools, professional lyceums, colleges are subject to the same requirement for high professionalism.

So, let's conclude:

Technical school and college

A technical school and a college are the same thing with some caveats: in a technical school you get basic training, and in a college, training is conducted according to a more in-depth program.

A college in the Russian education system is an educational institution of secondary vocational education and is in fact a synonym for the word "technical school". In the Model Provision on educational institution secondary vocational education, you can find the difference in the concepts of "technical school" and "college".

In college, you can master the specialty of a manager, technician, accountant, lawyer, etc. You can enter the college after graduating from the 9th or 11th grade of school, receiving a diploma of secondary vocational education, or after graduating from college. Depending on what profession is chosen, it will take from 2 to 4 years to study at the college. While studying at a college, an applicant has the status of a student, receives a student card and a record. After graduating, the graduate receives a diploma of secondary specialized education in the chosen profession. Then you can enter a university or get a job, but you will not be able to climb high up the career ladder, since higher education is already necessary.

Schools (vocational schools)

In schools, you can get the specialty of a hairdresser, fitter, electrician, locksmith and others. At any time, these professions will be in demand. In schools you can get a basic level of knowledge, some of them are not difficult to enter after the 9th grade of school. You don’t need to take entrance exams to the school - you just need to write an application, so it’s easy enough to enter here. However, there are schools in which 2-3 people apply for some specialties for one place, so you will have to take an exam in order to participate in the competitive selection. After graduating from college, you can get a job in your specialty, however, as in colleges and technical schools, you can climb high in career ladder fail.

Upon graduation, the graduate receives a certificate of completed secondary education and a certificate of profession. When entering a university, this does not give any benefits, however, if the graduate has a red diploma or sufficient work experience in the specialty, then the university will provide benefits.

A college, technical school is an educational institution of secondary vocational education that implements educational programs for secondary vocational education in basic or advanced training. Education lasts from 3 years (two years in some specialties) to 4 years (advanced training).

Continuation. Page 2

The structure of Russian professional education

What kind of education do they get in college, and what kind of education after technical school?

• SPO, or secondary vocational education. In the process of training, mid-level specialists are trained who have in-depth knowledge in a particular professional field.
• NGOs. The abbreviation stands for: primary vocational education. You can enter the training on the basis of 9 or 11 classes. Specialists graduate from entry level qualifications.

Having mastered the programs of the first type, college graduates receive the qualification " specialist", the second - " entry level specialist».

Technical schools and colleges give primary and secondary vocational education, and most schools - only initial vocational education.

SPO and NGOs

SVE programs are aimed at training specialists who will have in-depth, high-quality skills and knowledge in their field.

As part of the training, expand basic knowledge in general subjects from the school curriculum.

The NGO provides a lower level of training and provides graduates with modest career opportunities, despite the fact that those who have completed the primary education program acquire certain competencies and are considered skilled workers.

For example, a holder of a medical specialization program can work as a nurse or paramedic, and the “ceiling” for those who have only an NGO is the work of a nanny.

More about suzes

College

Institutions of this type are more promising, highly valued by employers and offer a wide range of specialties. The quality of education in them is close to the university level. Often colleges are administrative divisions of universities or institutes, which allows graduates to enter the second or third year of the university to which their college is “attached”.

Education in the college is built according to the type of institute or university. The percentage of college graduates who entered universities is significantly higher than those who graduated from a technical school or college.

This is due in no small part to the (sometimes tacit) benefits and priority given to college graduates.

For admission to college, you must provide a certificate of completion of 11 or 9 grades, as well as a diploma in SVE or NGO if you have one.

Training lasts an average of three years, but on the basis of 9 classes - at least 4 years, and in some specialties even more.

SSUs are divided into:

* Graphic design classes

Technical College

The technical school provides secondary specialized education.

Autonomous non-profit organization- no membership non-profit organization established by citizens and/or legal entities on the basis of voluntary property contributions for the purpose of providing services in the field of education, life support, healthcare, culture, science, law, physical culture and sports and other services.

Enroll in technical College possible on the basis of completed 9th and 11th grades secondary school on the basis of sufficient high results GIA and USE.

Education takes about 3 years, some specialties are mastered in two. Recently, students of technical schools have been granted a deferment from the army. The educational process in technical schools takes place in a format close to school.

Vocational school.

- Schools usually run NGO programs. They enter the school on the basis of 11 or 9 grades of a comprehensive school. The course of study at the school lasts from 6 to 36 months.

The term depends on the specialty that the student receives. As part of the educational reform, vocational schools are massively reorganized into VPU, PL and PU (lyceums and varieties of schools). The renaming of institutions does not have a special effect on the quality of education and the learning process.

Among the most common types of medium educational institutions- colleges and schools. What are they?

What is a college?

Under college It is customary to understand a secondary educational institution in which disciplines are taught as part of programs that involve in-depth study of a particular subject, and, moreover, as a rule, of a predominantly theoretical orientation.

College

The duration of college education is about 4 years. Many of the educational institutions of this type enter into agreements with universities, within the framework of which learning programs are compiled in such a way that it would be easier for graduates to subsequently receive higher education in the relevant specializations.

Quite often colleges are structural divisions universities, and this allows them to even better prepare students for further studies: this can be seen in the application of similar conceptual principles for the organization of education, as well as, for example, in the fact that many classes in colleges are taught by university professors.

A student in an institution of the type in question, therefore, like a university student, can attend lectures, seminars, take exams at sessions at the end of semesters, and have a record. Some universities give certain preferences to graduates of their colleges for admission and training.

What is a school?

Any school It is also a secondary school. But depending on the specific historical period this term could correspond to institutions different type.

school

In the USSR and for some time in post-Soviet Russia, vocational schools, or vocational schools, were widespread. In them, citizens were trained mainly in working specialties. Subsequently, vocational schools were renamed into vocational schools, that is, vocational schools, some - into lyceums.

In the modern Russian (as earlier - in the Soviet) educational system, medical schools are also being established, institutions in which people study to become teachers and educators.

All types of schools are focused on obtaining practical knowledge by students. A person, having completed a course at an appropriate educational institution and received a document confirming this, should be able to immediately begin work in his specialty.

Terms of study in schools different profiles may differ significantly. Usually in PU they are about 2 years, which is significantly shorter than in lyceums, medical and pedagogical schools, where the terms of study approximately correspond to those established for colleges.

Organization educational process in schools, as a rule, is quite close to that which characterizes education in colleges and, accordingly, universities. But since the institutions in question are usually independent of universities, the curricula in them can be very specific, often they are not adapted to the subsequent receipt by the graduate higher education to the same extent as in colleges.

School graduates usually do not have any advantages when entering universities. But, of course, the knowledge gained by them can greatly facilitate their educational process in the future - if the specialty at the university is the same or similar to that obtained at the school.

Comparison

The main difference between a college and a school is that in the first educational institution they teach mainly theoretical knowledge, in the second - practical knowledge.

A college is usually closer to a university than a college in terms of the organization of the educational process, and this is largely due to the fact that the corresponding secondary educational institution is a subdivision of a higher education institution.

Curricula in some schools have significantly more short term than in colleges - especially for PU.

It can be noted that the profile of education in colleges is almost always humanitarian. Schools, if we do not consider institutions of a pedagogical and medical profile, often offer applicants to undergo training in technical specializations.

Having determined what is the difference between college and school, we will reflect the conclusions in the table.

Table

College	school
What do they have in common?
Colleges and schools - secondary educational institutions
What is the difference between them?
Most colleges teach liberal arts.	Many schools teach technical knowledge
Assume training mainly in theoretical programs	Provide practical training
Duration of study in colleges - about 4 years	Duration of study in some schools - 2 years
Often they are departments of universities	Rarely enough are departments of universities
The educational process in colleges is similar to that organized in universities	The educational process in schools may have little in common with education in universities.

Previously, vocational schools were also called vocational schools (vocational school) .

Status

Compound

In the educational buildings of the schools there are classrooms, laboratories, workshops and a library. In addition, the schools had a teacher's room, a dining room and a kitchen, as well as assembly and gymnastic halls.

Types of schools

• Military schools, incl. naval, artillery, aviation, engineering, cavalry and higher command (higher military schools are universities that teach higher education).
• commercial schools
• Flight schools
• medical schools
• Maritime (river) schools
• Musical schools
• Pedagogical schools
• Real schools - primary and (or) secondary education, not vocational.
• Primary, including lower initial(parochial) schools - elementary education, not professional.
• Theater schools
• Choreographic schools
• art schools

Story

The first technical schools appeared in 1865, and in 1873 real schools appeared

The vocational technical school belonged to primary vocational schools (sometimes vocational schools are mistakenly classified as educational institutions of secondary vocational education), vocational schools for young people who graduated from high school or did not finish it (after 8th grade earlier, 9th grade now ). Technical schools and educational complexes also belonged to the category of secondary specialized educational institutions.

The vocational technical school trained skilled workers in professions requiring a higher general education level.

The forerunners of the vocational technical school were factory apprenticeship schools (FZU) and vocational schools that have existed since the time of the Russian Empire.

In 1954 for graduates high school were opened technical schools(TU) (1-2 years). In 1958-1959, all types of vocational schools were reorganized into urban and rural vocational schools (vocational schools) and transferred to the committees for vocational education of the union republics. In vocational schools (1-2 years of study) young people who graduated from an 8-year school were accepted. Students were provided with food, clothing (or a stipend). They trained personnel for more than 450 working professions (welder, builder, locksmith, electrician, plumber, auto mechanic, carpenter, gardener and others). The term of study ranged from 0.5 to 4 years. In 1966, technical schools were restored (with a term of study of 1-1.5 years). In 1972, new type vocational schools - secondary vocational schools, which, along with working specialty gave students a general secondary education (those who completed 8 classes were accepted, the term of study was 3-4 years).

In 1974, there were 6,028 educational institutions of vocational education in the USSR, and the number of students was 3 million. In 1981, this number exceeded 7,000, and the number of students was 3.6 million.

Some vocational schools trained specialists in rare, highly qualified specialties. For example, vocational school No. 90 in Leningrad trained subway drivers.

Varieties

AT different years there were several types of vocational schools: technical schools (TU), urban vocational technical schools (GPTU), rural vocational technical schools (SPTU), secondary vocational technical schools (SPTU), special (correctional) vocational technical schools closed type(SpetsPTU), which are actually places of deprivation of liberty of adolescents, whose responsibility for the crimes committed has not come due to age.

Reorganization

Since September 1, 2013, due to the connection of the system of primary vocational education with secondary vocational education, many schools received the status of technical schools and colleges.