Tomarovka is an urban-type settlement in the Yakovlevsky district of the Belgorod region, a railway station on the Belgorod-Sumy line. Geographic coordinates 50.6 ° N 36.3 ° E. Located in the upper reaches of the Vorskla River (left tributary of the Dnieper), 30 km from the regional center (Belgorod), 24 km from the regional center (Stroitel). The village is crossed by an interstate motorway.

The territory of the settlement is 10,500 hectares, the land of settlements - 1 226 hectares. The urban settlement includes, in addition to the village of Tomarovka, the farm Volokhov, Semin, Kislenko, Fedorenkov, Rogovoy, Makhnov and Tsykhmanov. The total number of households is 2,905.

The population is 8,008 people. 7908 people live in the village of Tomarovka, the rest of the population lives in the farms: x. Fedorenkov - 17 people, h. Kislenko - 4 people, h. Tsykhmanov - 3 people, h. Semin - 7 people, h. Rogovoy - 20 people, h. Volokhov - 49 people.

Of the total number of residents, men - 3,714 people, women - 4,274 people, children under 18 years old - 1,275 people, pensioners - 2,064 people. Able-bodied population - 4 677 people. The demographic situation in the urban settlement "Tomarovka Settlement" is characterized by a natural decline in the population, which is a consequence of the excess of the number of deaths over the number of births. So, in 2010, 73 people were born (in 2009 - 51), and 128 people died (in 2009 - 113)

Tomarovka is the largest industrial center of the Yakovlevsky district. The basis of economic potential is industrial, processing and agricultural enterprises: CJSC Tomarovsky Meat Processing Plant, LLC Belgrankorm-Tomarovka named after Vasilyev, CJSC Tommoloko, OJSC Tomarovskiy Automobile Repair Plant, OJSC Tomarovsky Brick Plant, LLC Rosstroy ", OJSC" Tomarovskoe HPP ", LLC" MebelServis ", LLC" Palitra ", Tomarovskoye selpo, individual entrepreneurs.

Currently, there are 57 stores of food and industrial goods in the settlement, including 13 stores in Tomarovskiy general store, 2 district stores, 42 individual entrepreneurs. There are all modern communication systems, automatic telephone exchange for 2048 numbers. Most residents of Tomarovka are sure to receive up to 12 TV programs. 25% of the population use cable TV, 80% of the population use cellular services. Almost all businesses and organizations are computerized. 80% of the population have personal computers.

The village of Tomarovka is connected to the regional center by rail and bus, and to the regional center by bus. There is also a bus service between the settlements, the movement of fixed-route taxis is organized. The roads between settlements are hard-surfaced.

In 1997, the village was fully gasified.

The social infrastructure is represented by the medical institution of the MUZ "Tomarovskaya District Hospital" with outpatient and inpatient services, a feldsher-obstetric center in the village. Fedorenkov, one pharmacy and 5 pharmacies, two secondary schools, a kindergarten, the Tomarovsky House of Culture and a village club in the Lakhtinka microdistrict, three libraries, a children's art school, a boarding school, and a leisure center for veterans.

More than 1000 students study in two secondary schools. More than 200 children attend the kindergarten.

Military history and ethnographic museums are opened at secondary school No. 1.

Tomarovskaya regional hospital serves the area, which is home to more than 17 thousand people. The hospital employs 28 doctors.

The cultural needs of the Tomarites are satisfied by the Palace of Culture, the School of Arts, and 3 libraries. The Palace of Culture has a large and a small auditorium for 480 seats. Films for children and adults are shown 6 times a week. The School of Arts conducts training in 8 departments. The village has a park, a stadium, a large hockey rink.

Tomarovka is one of the most ancient settlements of the region, in 2007 the settlement celebrated its 350th anniversary.

The history of the settlement of the territory of modern Tomarovka originates from the Karpov watchdog, located on the high right bank of the Vorskla River. And if now the main task of the inhabitants is to produce and process agricultural products, that is, to feed people, then in the 16th century the Tomarites stood guard over the southern borders of the Moscow state, defending Holy Russia from Tatar raids, invasions of other foreigners.

The first settlers of Tomarovka were fugitive serfs, whose influx into these places increased in the second half

Xvii century.

The question of the time of the founding of the settlement has not yet been finally clarified and requires further study. For many decades, if not centuries, the inhabitants of Tomarovka passed from mouth to mouth the legends about the foundation of their village and its name. One of them is about the name of the Tomarovka settlement in honor of the Georgian princess Tamara, allegedly exiled with her mother, Queen Mary, to the city of Karpov, the other is about the name of the daughter of the Karpov voivode Tamara, who was exiled to these places for disobeying the will of her father. The second legend is more believable, but, as it turns out, it is just a legend.

Information about the history of the name "Tomarovka" and, in part, about the time of its appearance just a few years ago was found in the Sheremetyevo archive by a local historian of Borisov. Here is what he established: “On March 1, 1709, the Belgorod Archpriest Ivan Andreevich, his son, the Karpov nobleman Boris Ivanovich and the churchman Vasily Ivanovich Tomarovs,“ while on a campaign in the Marossian region, ”laid their estates for P.A. Solodilov ... And I, Boris, founded the village of Tomarovka in the Karpovsky district, and in it the Church of God with all the utensils, two homesteads of patrimonials with every courtyard and mansion structure, and with sown bread and local land ... "From this, the origin becomes clear. the name of the village given by the surname of its owner.

In 1700, Tomarovka became one of the largest villages in the Karpovsky district, and trade from the city of Karpov gradually moved to Tomarovka. In the 1710s-1720s, it became the fiefdom of Count G.I. Golovkin.

Later, as the state border moved to the Black Sea, Karpov lost its significance, and Tomarovka became a volost of the Belgorod district. According to the data of 1861, there were 1205 households and 8847 inhabitants.

Agricultural development and trade in the first half

XIX centuries led to the fact that by the middle of the century the Tomarovka settlement was considered "one of the most important trade points of the Kursk province in the grain trade."

The highest flowering is reached in the middle

XIX centuries and handicrafts: leather and boot, wood (making sledges, carts, arches, chests, bent furniture, barrels, shovels, spoons, bowls, etc.), icon case (200 people were employed in this craft), icon painting, saddlery, blacksmith, cooper. Many surnames came from the professions of artisans: Bondarev, Shvets, Goncharov, Plotnikov, etc.

Confirmation of the wide distribution and great importance of handicrafts in Tomarovka in the middle - second half

XIX century are the awards won by Tomar's handicraftsmen at the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition in 1867 in Kharkov. So, according to the results of the exhibition, the first in the lists of those awarded "in the handicraft department" are the Getmanov brothers, who presented "the gilded iconostasis, excellent work, with quite satisfactory painting." They were awarded the highest award for the exhibits of the "handicraft department" - a small silver medal. Our fellow countryman K.K. Vasilenko was awarded the same award. - for leather dressing. The second award - a bronze medal - was awarded to Sergei Fedorovich Makiev for saddlery. Ignat Petrovich Kalashnikov was awarded the third award - a commendation list - for a sheepskin coat made of black sheepskin.

The development of agriculture and handicrafts contributed to the fact that Tomarovka became a large trade center of the Belgorod district and the entire Kursk province. The further development of trade in the entire economic settlement of Tomarovka was facilitated by the Belgorod-Sumy railway, built in 1885-1903. This was reflected, first of all, in the increase in the number of fairs from three to five and the holding of weekly markets. Tomarovka by this time was a fairly large association of various industrial enterprises.

In the 19th century, there were 3 churches in Tomarovka: the Archangel Michael, Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Kazan Mother of God (it still exists).

Early years

XX the centuries were difficult for the inhabitants of the settlement, due to the poor harvest that swept the whole country, and the Russian-Japanese war that began in 1904.

The new economic policy of the twenties gave a great impetus to the development of all branches of industry and agriculture. The artisans began to unite into fishing artels, cooperatives. Two artels were created - the forge-convoy "Put forward" and the sheepskin-fur coat - "Shubnik".

These years are the years of formation of a creamery, a bakery, a printing house, a meat processing plant.

In 1928, the Tomarovsky district was formed. It then included

24 village council. Since 1930 (the beginning of collectivization), 7 collective farms were created on its territory, and in Tomarovka itself - 5. After the completion of collectivization (in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd five-year plans), the Tomarovsky district was one of the strongest in the Kursk region ...

Currently, Tomarovka is a large administrative unit of the region with a developed processing industry, a diversified infrastructure, and rich cultural values.

The basis of the settlement's economy is agriculture and the processing industry associated with it. These are such large enterprises as ZAO Tommoloko, ZAO Tomarovsky Meat Processing Plant, OOO Belgrankorm-Tomarovka im. Vasiliev ".

The products of Tomar's enterprises have repeatedly participated in all-Russian and international exhibitions and were awarded with diplomas, certificates, gold medals.

JSC "Tommoloko" produces about 40 types of products: thiswhole milk products, oils of varioustypes and packages,cheese mass, yoghurts, lactinal with fruit fillings, sweet curd mass, baked milk ,. semi-hard and processed cheeses, sterilizedportioned cream and other portioned products, whole milk powder, technical caseinThe special pride of the company is kefir with lactulose, a valuable nutritious product most useful for those who experience problems with the gastrointestinal tract. The plant's products received high marks at exhibitions in Moscow, Rostov, Voronezh, as evidenced by diplomas of various competitions, including the competition "100 best goods of Russia", the All-Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry "For achievements in the field of foreign economic activity for the benefit of Russia."

The products of JSC "Tomarovskiy meat-packing plant" are no less well-known, which repeatedly won gold medals at the exhibition "Russian Food Products" and was presented at the international exhibition of organic food products "Green Week" in Berlin. In 2006, ZAO Tomarovsky Meat Processing Plant became a laureate of the 100 Best Goods of Russia competition. Among the well-known brands of the enterprise are Doktorskaya sausage and Shpikachki sausages, which were awarded gold medals at the All-Russian exhibition "Golden Autumn".

The products of the Tomarovka settlement enterprises are sold in many regions of the country, while casein and milk powder from CJSC Tommoloko were purchased by France, Holland and Belgium. Various delegations from many regions of Russia, near and far abroad travel to Tomarovka for experience.

Every year Tomarovka is being improved and expanded. Sidewalks are being laid, new roads are being repaired and laid, the central square and a monument to the fallen soldiers have been reconstructed. In recent years, a palace of culture, secondary school No. 2, a leisure center for veterans and pensioners, a surgical department of a hospital, a bus station, two new general store shops, 7 private shops, and treatment facilities have been built in the village.

In Tomarovka were born and raised Heroes of the Soviet Union A.I. Shevchenko, V.V. Shvets, Heroes of Socialist Labor Z. I. Samarchenko, V.N. Guchenko, Honorary residents of Yakovlevsky district A.T. Samofalov, I.S. Saltevsky. , poets Chernukhin I.A., Oleinikova T.I., Fironova E.V.

For the great contribution to the socio-economic development of the Belgorod region and in connection with the 50th anniversary of its foundation, the Medal "For Services to the Belgorod Land" 1st degree was awarded to the General Director of CJSC Tommoloko Miroshnikova Nadezhda Ivanovna, General Director of CJSC Tomarovsky Meat Processing Plant Nikolai Andreevich Samoilov. Aleksandr Terentyevich Samofalov, who has worked for more than 30 years as the chairman of the Vasilyev SEC "Druzhba", was awarded the Medal "For Services to the Belgorod Land" of the 2nd degree.

The anti-crisis program of the enterprises of the village, their stable work in previous years allowed them not only to maintain the achieved indicators, but also to take a step forward. In 2010, the turnover of organizations in all types of economic activities amounted to 2 billion 35 million rubles. The average monthly wage in the past year increased and amounted to 15.6 thousand rubles.

ZAO Tommoloko (general director Miroshnikova NI) did not reduce production and the number of employees (318), but worked to increase production. In 2010, the joint-stock company produced products worth 763 million rubles. The company is working on the production of new products - milk for children, new types of yoghurts and cheeses. This makes it possible to successfully compete in the market and consistently achieve high production indicators. In 2011, CJSC Tommoloko will increase its output by 10% and sell it for 839 million rubles.

ZAO "Tomarovsky Meat Processing Plant" (General Director, Samoilov N.A.) is successfully operating. In 2010, this enterprise produced and sold products worth 495.7 million rubles. In 2011, it is planned to produce products worth 570 million rubles. It is planned to invest 10 million rubles in the modernization of production, improving the quality of products.

In 2010, at OOO Belgrankorm-Tomarovka named after Vasilyev (General Director N.I. Podgorny) grain production amounted to 4618 tons, in 2011 it is planned to produce 7290 tons. tons of pork meat, this year this figure will be 5444 tons. Agricultural output amounted to 631.1 million rubles, in 2011 it will reach 796.2 million rubles.

The commodity turnover of the Tomarovskiy general store (chairman Fomichev M.K.) in 2010 amounted to 99.3 million rubles. In 2011, it will increase by 10% and amount to 109.2 million rubles.

Tomarovskoe KhPP (General Director A.V. Starodubtsev) rendered services for receiving, drying, cleaning, storing, shipping grain in the amount of 27 million rubles.

Special attention in the past year was paid to the stabilization of the labor market and the provision of employment for the population. In 2010, 137 people were employed in public works, 22 people received subsidies in the amount of 58.8 thousand rubles. to develop their own business. 4 families (V. Shchegolev, A. Davydov, S. Bannikov, V. Brazhnik) were accredited for the assignment of the status of a participant in the Belogorie Family Farms program. Shchegolev V.I., Davydov A.V. are engaged in the purchase of raw materials and the production of oil, the production of cereals, the manufacture and packaging of fish baits for sports fishing - Bannikov S.I., horseback riding and sports fishing are organized by Brazhnik V.V. The Vasilenko family is engaged in the production of milk and meat, Tezik D.F. - production of milk, lamb, beef and goat milk, Korlykhanov P.N. - the production of meat, the Bocharov family - the production of milk and meat, Shkuratov Yu.A. - production of grain and pork meat.

Active housing construction is underway in the settlement. In 2010, 22 residential buildings were commissioned with a total area of ​​1975 sq. M. On the territory of the village, 140 houses are being built, in addition, housing cooperatives have been created: in the Tomarovsky Meat Processing Plant and Tommoloko, which have been allocated 50 plots in the Novy microdistrict with an area of ​​7.4 hectares.

Much attention is paid to issues of improvement. In 2010, 1768 sq.m. paving slabs, including: on the street. Embankment - 408 sq. M., From the village of Tomarovka to the village. Staraya Glinka has a bicycle path with a total area of ​​1360 sq. M. A playground for children was installed on the street. Trunk. Equipped with two wells on the street. Belgorodskaya and st. Rokossovsky.Work was carried out on the arrangement of courtyards, private households. The settlement has more well-groomed and renovated households with beautiful flower beds.

Work was carried out on arranging lawns, landscaping, arranging lawns, flower beds, cutting trees, planting tree seedlings, 636.3 thousand rubles were allocated for these purposes. Under the Green Capital program, 16 thousand ornamental tree seedlings were planted in autumn, chestnut and oak seeds were sown on 19 hectares of erosional slopes.

Every year brings new successes Tomar educational institutions.Tomarovskaya school No. 1 (director Istomina S. Ya.) In 2010 took part in many competitions. She became a laureate of the regional competition "School of the Year - 2010", took1st place according to the results of the socio-economic development of educational institutions of the Yakovlevsky district in 2009-2010 in the "Innovation potential" nomination, 1st place according to the results of preparation for the new academic year among educational institutions of the Yakovlevsky district, 3rd place in the improvement of the territory in the regional competition. School and teacher Anuchkina N.V. awarded the Badge of Honor "For contribution to the development of education in the Yakovlevsky region." The school became the winner of the rating based on the assessment of the quality of work of educational institutions for the 2009-2010 academic year in the category "City secondary schools", was awarded a diploma from the Department of Education, Culture and Youth Policy of the Belgorod Region and a prize of more than 1 million rubles.

Tomarovskaya school No. 2 "(director Peresypkina I. M.) took 3rd place according to the results of socio-economic development of educational institutions of Yakovlevsky district in the 2009-2010 academic year in the nomination" Innovative potential ", 3rd place according to the results of preparation for the new academic year among educational institutions of the Yakovlevsky district, became the winner of the regional review for the best design of an educational institution for the 65th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. To the teacher Afonina R.V. awarded the title "Honorary Worker of Education of the Russian Federation".

There are many tasks to be solved in 2011. It is planned that this year the volume of production of goods and services will increase by an average of 8.5%, the average monthly wage will reach 17.6 thousand rubles. Housing construction will continue, work to stabilize the labor market. As part of the public works program, it is planned to build a sidewalk on the street. Komsomolskaya. Particular attention will be paid to small agricultural businesses.

The infrastructure of the settlement is being developed. In 2011, it is planned to build 2.1 km of paved roads in IZhS microdistricts and 3.11 km along the streets of Tomarovka village. to asphalt a hockey rink, to repair and equip two wells. Included in the program is the reconstruction of the central water intake.

The history of Tomarovka is replete with events that are significant for the history of the country. The territory of the modern Belgorod region is part of the ancient Wild Field. Our compatriots inhabited it in ancient times, but after the Tatar-Mongol invasion it was completely depopulated.

Fertile soil, clean rivers, many animals and birds attracted people here. The daredevils dared to settle near the forests. It was dangerous to live in these parts: there were constant raids of the Crimean Tatars, who took away livestock, grain, and drove people into slavery. The Tatars raided the Moscow lands, which is why the power that existed in those years was forced to defend its borders, pushing them further and further into the Wild Field. Fortresses "Ukrainian" and "Polish" were built. The "Polish" had nothing to do with Poland, they just stood on the Field. At one time Belgorod, Oskol, Valuyki were "Polish" cities.

The active settlement of the region began after the construction of the Belgorod zasechnaya line with its numerous fortified cities. Under the protection of Karpov, neighboring lands begin to be developed. The settlements of Moschensk, Glinsk, and Yamnoye arose. There are documents about their origin. For a long time it was believed that the documents on the history of Tomarovka were lost.

Studying the funds of the judicial authorities, the senior researcher of the Kursk State Archives T. Mikhailova managed to find the protocols of the proceedings from 1785 on the reliability of the ownership of Countess Elizaveta Gavrilovna Golovkina, who inherited her father's patrimonial estates in 1726-1727 in Karpovsky (Bogatinsky) district , including the Tomarovka settlement. The trial records indicate that the Tomarovka settlement dates back to 1657.

Priest Mikitsky (so in the document) was allocated 10 cheats (quarters), about which the entry was made on September 2, 1657 by the governor G.I. Levshin. Together with the priest Mikytsky, General Carlos Regimont also received land in this wasteland, who later acquired the priest's plot. General Regimont began to populate his own land with Cherkassians, who crossed from the Dnieper region and, with the permission of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, his son and by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, were settled on the Moscow lands.

The village of Dobaya Polyana was founded, later Dobrai Kolodez, Dobrai Buyarka and others joined it. All of them became part of the Tomarovka settlement.

In 1690-1693, General K. Regimont mortgaged his lands with land, buildings and peasant yards to the Belgorod Archpriest Ivan Tomarov and his sons - the Karpov nobleman Boris and the church Vasily. The general did not manage to redeem the mortgaged lands in time, and they passed into the possession of the Tomarovs. Boris Ivanovich Tomarov began, through pledges, to acquire land from neighboring landowners, the children of boyars, dragoons and other persons who owned it on patrimonial rights.

In 1693, through a pledge, he acquired 160 hay mows and in this area began to expand his settlements and populate them with Cherkassians.

In 1698, the Tomarovs mortgaged their lands with all the lands, buildings, and courtyards of the Cherkas settlers to the Korochansk landowner Platon Solodilov. The Tomarovs were unable to return the pledge money, and the settlement passed into the possession of P. Solodilov. He also lent money on bail and thus expanded his holdings.

But Solodilov was forced to cede his lands to Count Gavrila Ivanovich Golovkin, one of the people closest to Peter I, who settled a Cherkas settlement on the local one-yard lands (immigrants from Ukraine, they were issued a letter of grant for eternal ownership of land, for duty-free trade, distilling and similar benefits). Cherkasy already at that time were masters of handicrafts, among which the tannery stood out.

The churchyard orders of the Karpovsky district residents indicate that the transfer of "trades and bazaars of the Karpovsky district to the Cherkassk settlements of Tomarovka, Belaya (also the estate of Count Golovkin) and Pena" (Orders of Karpovsky single-family owners. Belgorod, 1996. P. 57).

Count Golovkin, along with other landowners, seized land, mows and pastures from the villagers of the villages of Krasny Pochinok, Moschennaya, Tepla, Porubezhnaya, Korovina, Lokni; villages of Glinsky, Soldiersky, Bobrov, Seretino, Kustovoy and others (Pogostnye instructions of the Karpovsky district. pp. 17, 19, 28, 43, 44–45, 47, 49–50, 54).

Thus, in the first half of the 18th century, on the territory of our region, there was a widespread process of the widespread seizure of single-yard land by landowners. Hence, if at the beginning of the 18th century, on average, 20–40 quarters of land and a meadow for 20 kopecks of hay fell on one single palace, then by the 70s - only a few quarters or not one quarter at all, hay mowing was also captured everywhere. The oppression of the landowners and the numerous taxes put the one-courtiers almost in the position of state peasants.

Being the estate of Count Golovkin, to which trades and bazaars were moved from Karpov, having a significant territory, convenient location and a large population, the Tomarovka settlement became in the middle of the 18th century one of the main settlements of the Karpovsky district. By the same time, the beginning of the movement of the socio-economic center of our region from the city of Karpov to the Tomarovka settlement should be attributed.

In the first half of the 19th century, on the basis of family ties, the Tomarovka settlement passed from the possession of the Golovkin counts to the princely family of the Saltykovs, which originated from Field Marshal General Nikolai Ivanovich Saltykov, who presided over the State Council in 1812 and was elevated to princely dignity in 1814.

Socio-economic development of Tomarovka

in the pre-revolutionary period

The development of agriculture and trade in the first half of the 19th century led to the fact that in the middle of the century the Tomarovka settlement was considered "one of the most important trading points of the Kursk province for grain trade" (Russia. Full geographical description ... p. 474).

By the middle of the 19th century, handicrafts also reached their highest flowering: leather and boot, wood, icon case, icon painting, saddlery, cooper, blacksmith. But before characterizing their development, it is necessary to clarify the following: the Tomarovka settlement in the middle of the 19th century was the center of the grain trade of the Belgorod district and one of such centers of the entire Kursk province, but the bulk of the population of Tomarovka itself was engaged in handicrafts, while the growth in the sale of agricultural products in Tomarovka is associated with the activities of landowners and peasants of numerous farms in Tomarovsk and neighboring volosts. Numerous Tomarovskie farms appeared in the middle of the 19th century and gave the growth of bread and other agricultural products for which Tomarovka bazaars and fairs were famous. This is one of the main features of the Tomarovka settlement in the 19th century.

One of the main handicrafts was leather and shoemaking. It was one of the oldest crafts, widespread among the Little Russian population since the 50s – 60s of the 18th century. By the middle of the 19th century, the leather and boot industry reached its heyday in Tomarovka, or, according to V.I. Lenin, turned into a “solid organization of a purely commercial nature” (V.I. . 5th. M., 1971. S. 349).

Boots were made in 4 varieties: for children - from 80 kopecks to 1 ruble 50 kopecks; "Sub-middle" for adolescents - from 1 ruble to 1 ruble 75 kopecks; medium or female - from 1 ruble 50 kopecks to 2 rubles 20 kopecks; for men - from 1 ruble 75 kopecks to 2 rubles 75 kopecks. The annual salary of a shoemaker was equal to 100-200 rubles (Review of the Kursk province for 1902. Kursk, 1903, p. 12).

A large craft was the icon case (an icon case - a frame or a box for an icon with a glazed door). Up to 200 people were engaged in the manufacture of icon cases in Tomarovka by the beginning of the 20th century. The cuots were made in six sizes at a price of one to nine rubles. The average annual income of a nurse was 325–500 rubles (excluding costs by the beginning of the 20th century).

Wooden craft consisted in the manufacture of carts, sleds, arches, chests, window frames, tables, bent furniture, spinning wheels, barrels, troughs, shovels, spoons, bowls and others. Handicraftsmen-wheel-workers sold sledges for 3 rubles at local markets and fairs, running carts for 9 rubles, having from the sledges "profit" - 1 ruble, and from the cart - 3 rubles. Their annual income was 70–90 rubles.

In addition to the above mentioned crafts, in Tomarovka there were also saddlery, cooper, icon painting, blacksmith crafts. The iconostasis factory of the Getman brothers (Getmanovs) was engaged in the manufacture of iconostases for churches.

Confirmation of the wide distribution and great importance of handicrafts in Tomarovka, in the middle - the second half of the 19th century, are the awards won by Tomarovsky handicraftsmen at the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition in 1887 in the city of Kharkov. So, according to the results of the exhibition, the first in the list of those awarded "in the handicraft department" are the Getmanov brothers, who presented "the iconostasis, gilded, of excellent work, with quite satisfactory painting." They were awarded the highest award for the exhibits of the "handicraft department" - a small silver medal. The same award was awarded to our fellow countryman K. K. Vasilenko - for leather dressing.

The development of agriculture and handicrafts contributed to the fact that Tomarovka became both a large trade center of the Belgorod district and a large trade center of the entire Kursk province. “Trades” and bazaars in Tomarovka existed from the beginning of the 18th century, and during the 19th and early 20th centuries they developed further. Of the 29 fairs in the Belgorod district in the second half of the 19th century, three were held in Tomarovka. Sources show that "they were distinguished by the influx of livestock and goods of peasant consumption." Naturally, there was a large trade in bread in Tomarovka.

The further development of trade and the entire economic life of the Tomarovka settlement was facilitated by the Belgorod-Sumy railway, built in 1885-1903. This was reflected, first of all, in the increase in the number of fairs from three to five and the holding of weekly markets. Tomarovka by this time was a fairly large association of various industrial enterprises. There were: 10 tanneries, 22 fur coat manufactures, 47 windmills, 3 steam, 1 water, 12 feeding stations for poultry, 9 egg warehouses, 5 grain filling points, 2 soap factories, 2 brick factories, 1 alcohol (in the village of Kazatskoe), 1 plant for the production of wine "Kagor", 30 butcher shops, 18 grocery stores, 2 procurement warehouses for vegetables, 2 confectionery enterprises, 120 bagels and bakeries (Tomarov bagels were known in St. Petersburg). There was an iconostasis factory of the Getman brothers (Gudymenko MP Tomarovka: history and modernity ... p. 20).

Fairs in Tomarovka were held on major religious holidays: May 9 - Nikolai Veshniy, December 6 - Nikolai Zimny, July 8 - Prokofiy, October 1 - Pokrov and on the All-Eating Week (dates are given according to the old style). The average turnover of the Tomarovskaya fair was equal to 4,500–4,700 rubles. Pushkarskaya, Karpovskaya, Tomarovskaya, Butovskaya (Graivoronsky district), Bolkhovetskaya, Shopinskaya (Belgorodsky district), Krasnyanskaya, Kochetovskaya (Oboyansky district), Leskovskaya (Korochansky district) and other volosts (Current agricultural statistics, Kursk provincial 1899. Kursk. P. 40).

According to the data of 1910, Tomarovka was a large settlement, in which 8 thousand men and 7 thousand women lived.

During this period, there were 40 streets and lanes in Tomarovka, 5,148 residential buildings, of which 22 were stone and brick.

The fire brigade had 8 vehicles and 88 water barrels. The police consisted of 1 bailiff, 1 sergeant, 7 guards. The hospital, founded in 1900, employed 1 zemstvo doctor, 1 dentist, 2 midwives and 2 zemstvo paramedics. The population was provided with medicines by 8 pharmacies. There was also 1 hotel for 14 people, 14 tavern establishments, 2 beer shops, 5 timber warehouses with an annual turnover of 30 thousand rubles, 5 warehouses for building materials with an annual turnover of 40 thousand rubles.

There was one savings and loan bank and a shelter in Tomarovka.

Public education of Tomarovskaya volost, Belgorodsky district

in the post-reform period

Tomarovskaya volost in the 19th century was located in the first camp of the Belgorod district of the Kursk province. It included 4 rural communities: Dobropochinkovskoe and 1st, 2nd and 3rd Tomarovsky. Public education in the parish arose and developed mainly in the Tomarovka settlement. Documents show that literacy in the Tomarovka settlement was first spread by the local clergy, the deacon and psalmists taught children to read and write in their homes. Then the owner of the Tomarovsk estate, Count Golovkin, ordered to open a school for teaching literacy at his own expense, 2 courtyards who knew literacy were appointed teachers, there were 40 students of both sexes. At that time, training was exclusively based on Slavic books.

Such a school in Tomarovka existed until 1861. From the time the peasants left serfdom, the Tomarovsk school moved to the maintenance of the local society, which invited one of its priests, Ioann Slyunin, as a teacher and teacher of the law. All students were then divided into 3 groups. The teaching was taught according to the Law of God, reading, arithmetic and calligraphy, but it was carried out according to the literal method. There were no subject programs and were introduced in the mid-60s, when the zemstvos took over schools. From that time on, the population began to take an interest in and understand the benefits of literacy because preference was given to the literate when hiring them, and military service required training in literacy.

In 1869, at the request of the society and the large number of students in the Tomarovka settlement, a second school was opened in a separate building with one teacher and a law teacher. Local priest D. Popov also headed the teaching at the second Tomarovskaya school.

In 1871, the first and second Tomarovsky schools received the status of the 1st and 2nd Tomarovsky zemstvo public schools. The composition of teachers was expanded due to the fact that now the expenses for the maintenance of schools were borne by rural societies and zemstvos. Since 1871, priest Nikolai Malyarevsky (teacher and teacher of the law) and teacher Matvey Kallistratov have become teachers of the 1st and 2nd Tomarovsky schools.

In 1873, the huge Tomarovsk community, which consisted of 17 separate villages, split into 2 parts: the Tomarovka settlement and the Tomarovsk farms, each of which owned a special plot of arable and hay land. At this time, the Tomarovsky volost consisted of 4 societies: Dobropochinkovsky, the 1st and 2nd Tomarovsky settlements of Tomarovka and the 3rd Tomarovsky (Tomarovsky farms), which left an imprint on the development of public education, but more on that later.

In 1881, the 1st Tomarov School was burned, which destroyed it to the ground. Then the 1st and 2nd Tomarovsky societies in 1886 built a building for 2 schools on the trading area, which cost 5,000 rubles. Until 1891, 2 schools existed in one building separately, but in the same year, the inspector of public schools combined both of these schools into one with a general composition of teachers: three teachers of the law and four teachers ... which is considered to be founded in 1871. The school was located on a trading square, in the center of the Tomarovka settlement, 100 yards from the parish (Arkhangelsk or Mikhailovskaya) church. For the maintenance of the school, for example, in 1894, only 671 rubles were spent, including 341 rubles for the maintenance and awards for students, 60 rubles for the repair of the premises, 120 rubles for heating and lighting, 60 rubles for the servants, and for books and teaching aids - 50 rubles, insurance - 40 rubles. Funds for the maintenance of the school came from 3 sources: 1) from the zemstvo - 391 rubles (and this is payment for students plus books and teaching aids), 2) from rural communities - 240 rubles (maintenance of the school), 3) from the volost - 40 rubles (for the insurance of the premises). In addition, the Belgorod district council sent textbooks and manuals for 50 rubles. As we can see, funding for education was targeted, thoughtful and understandable to everyone. No tuition fees were charged. In January 1895, the school had 284 students, including: 247 boys and 37 girls. The school was considered one-class, but was divided into 4 departments: 1st junior, 1st parallel, 2nd and 3rd. Of the 284 students, only one student belonged to the clergy, the rest were all children of peasants from Tomar's societies. Less than 10% of students graduated from all 4 departments. For example, in the 1893-1894 school year, 27 students (26 boys and 1 girl) graduated from the school. There were no student exceptions during the period under review.

The teachers of the Tomarovsky school were 3 teachers of the law: priest I. Slyunin, priest D. Popov, priest N. Malyarevsky and 4 teachers: N. Malyarevsky, M. Kallistratov, Alexey Kosovtsev and Vera Kosovtsova. The salary of teachers in 1894 was: a teacher of law - 60 rubles, a teacher - 281 rubles (each). Moreover, if the teachers of the law, in addition to teaching content, also had income from church parishes, then teachers of other occupations and means of living did not have. The teacher Aleksey Kosovtsev used his own money to rent an apartment with heating and lighting for 100 rubles a year.

Admission to the school was held annually from August 17 (August 30) to September 1 (September 14). Classes began on September 1 (14) and ended on April 27 (May 10), that is, 153 school days.

In addition to the already named subjects: the Law of God, reading, arithmetic and calligraphy (spelling), singing (teachers of Kosovtsy and Callistratov), ​​handicrafts for girls (teacher Vera Kosovtsova, from 1888) were also taught. For a fee, for 5 rubles a month, gymnastics was taught by a retired officer at the Tomarovsky School.

Among the textbooks and manuals used in the Tomarov School were: "Sacred History" of Athens, St. Gospel, Psalter, Book of Hours, Grushevsky, "Our native" by Barinov, years 1, 2, 3, "Alphabet" by Bunakov. Until 1892, when there were changes with textbooks, Bunakov's ABC, Ushinsky's "Mother Word, Year II" and Paulson's "Book for Reading" were used. In addition, Slavic books were used.

Pupils from poor families received textbooks free of charge from the Belgorod district council, at the expense of the Belgorod zemstvo; and wealthy students bought textbooks themselves. From the visual aids there were: "Sacred Pictures", Sidorsky's edition (100 copies), a globe (1), maps of European Russia (2) and a map of Palestine (1). Most of the students who graduated from the full course of the Tomarovsky School were limited to their education. Some of the graduates entered secondary and higher educational institutions. So, out of 84 graduates from 1892-1894, 10 people continued to study in other lower educational institutions, and 8 people in secondary educational institutions. Thus, the Tomarovsky zemstvo public school was one of the main educational institutions for the children of peasants of the 1st and 2nd Tomarovsky societies and, most likely, the Dobropochinkovsky society, which was located half a verst from Tomarovka. The situation was more complicated with the education of the children of peasants of the 3rd Tomarovsky Society, which consisted of 16 farms, scattered over an area of ​​25 miles. After the mentioned division of 1873 of the Tomarovsk community into two (Tomarovka settlement and Tomarovskie farms), for 10 years the inhabitants of the farms closest to Tomarovka sent their children to study to one supernumerary deacon, with a fee of 35 kopecks per month and 1 pood of flour per winter. But in 1883 the deacon died and the residents of the farmsteads faced the question: what to do? The teacher of the Tomarovsky school, priest N. Malyarevsky, came to the aid of the peasants. school. The peasants accepted this offer very willingly. On September 15, 1884, 2 schools were opened - one on the Dubinin farm, the other on the Kozachevo farm. The schools were housed in peasant huts, where the owners also lived. The school furniture was made by the peasants themselves. Two 15-year-old boys began to teach in schools - one is the son of a Tomarov peasant, the other is the son of a sexton. They received 30 rubles a winter salary and used a free bed and a table alternately with the students' parents. These young teachers graduated from the course of the Tomarovsky school. Classes were held daily from sunrise to dusk, with two breaks. Each school was attended by children from neighboring 5 farmsteads at a distance of no more than 3 miles. The general management of the educational process belonged to the priest N. Malyarevsky, who visited schools every week on Sundays and holidays, gave lessons in the Law of God, tested what he had passed and determined the lesson plan for the next week. Every two months the schools changed their location and produced a new enrollment of students. In the fall of 1884, there were 54 students in the Dubininskaya school (53 boys and 1 girl), and in Kazachevskaya there were 40 boys. These 2 "mobile schools" were, apparently, the only ones in the Belgorod district.

In addition to the already named educational institutions of Tomarovskaya volost, at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries in the Tomarovka settlement there were: Tomarovka 2-class model school of the Ministry of Public Education, located on the ground of the 2nd Tomarovsky society with about 300 students, with 5 teachers, as well as 2 parish schools located in the church gatehouses at the Kazan and Nikolaev churches. In the Kazan school, the number of students ranged from 20-30 people, and in the Nikolaevskaya - in the range of 40-50 people. Priests, deacons and psalmists of the same churches taught in parish schools.

In addition, in the 70s - early 80s of the XIX century, on the initiative of the same priest N. Malyarevsky, Tomarovka women's primary school was established in Tomarovka with 100 students, with 2 teachers. It is quite possible that later the women's primary school merged with the Tomarovskiy zemstvo school, which was called "men's" due to the predominance of boys over girls. This issue requires further study.

The general result of our research is as follows: public education of the Tomarovskaya volost of the Belgorod district in the post-reform period was carried out by a whole network of educational institutions, namely: two parish one-class schools at the Kazan and Nikolaev churches; two primary zemstvo schools (Tomarovskiy male and female), which, most likely, merged into one Tomarovskiy zemstvo primary school (also one-class), and Tomarovskiy 2-class model school of the Ministry of Public Education. Residents of Tomarovskie khutors taught their children literacy in two "mobile schools".

In the mid-80s of the XIX century, with the total number of residents of Tomarovskaya volost 11-12 thousand people (fluctuations are caused by the departure of some residents to work in the southern provinces), the number of students in all educational institutions was about 900 people. An outstanding role in the emergence and development of public education in Tomarovskaya volost (as, apparently, in other territories) was played by the Orthodox clergy, who taught and raised children both through the network of parish schools and through the network of one-class and two-class schools. (Belgorod region yesterday and today (to the 45th anniversary of the region's formation): materials of the regional scientific-practical conference. V. 1. Belgorod, 1999. 224 p.)

Health care

In 1895, the first and second Tomarovsk rural societies first petitioned the Kursk provincial zemstvo and the Belgorod zemstvo council about the need to build a hospital in the Tomarovka settlement, motivating this with a large concentration of merchants at fairs and the rampant epidemics of infectious diseases in Tomarovskaya volost. However, the request was denied due to the lack of funds for these purposes in the estimate of the costs of public health.

But this did not stop the initiators of the construction, and in 1897 they reapplied with the request to the Kursk provincial zemstvo, donating 1,000 rubles for the start of construction, and the budget commission decided: to build the Tomarovsk hospital next year, in 1898. The construction was carried out by a contract method under the direct supervision of the Belgorod Council.

All buildings were wooden (two of them have survived to this day - the doctor's house and the deceased).

It should be borne in mind that the First World War was already in the second year, and therefore the male population and horses were mobilized by the state for the needs of the army. The order, or the structure of the people's life before the revolutionary events of 1917, deserves a separate topic. As we remember, the Tomarovka settlement practically from the moment of its foundation was inhabited by Cherkas - immigrants from Ukraine. This left an indelible mark on the entire subsequent history of Tomarovka. It was the Cherkassians who became the founders of the most important handicrafts in our region since the 18th century, and in the 19th - early 20th century, the descendants glorified the Tomarovka settlement not only throughout the Kursk province, but throughout Russia.

The way of life of the Tomarites, the descendants of Cherkas, was also peculiar: white houses, smeared with clay, houses with a clay floor, clothes of Ukrainian style, a peculiar dialect, piety.

Tomarovka, founded on the left, swampy bank of the Vorskla, for two centuries has created an amazingly practical and beautiful system of drainage and drainage of excess water from streets and gardens into the Vorskla River. In low places and at the time of thaw, earthen ramparts were poured. All these structures were annually put in order by the hands of the residents of Tomarovka, bringing up the younger generation in love and beauty.

Interesting information about the cost of some items and services for 1910: the average cost of an apartment (more than 6 rooms) - 20 rubles per month, an average apartment (4-6 rooms) - 15 rubles, a small (less than 4 rooms) - from 6 to 10 rubles ; coal (1 pood) - 18 kopecks; kerosene (1 pound) - 5 kopecks; candles (stearic) - 30 kopecks.

The average wage of a domestic servant: male (cook, footman, coachman) - from 7 to 10 rubles, female (cook, maid, nanny, servant) - from 4 to 5 rubles; daily wages of laborers: men - 50 kopecks, women - 35 kopecks.

Average cost of basic necessities (in kopecks):

1 pound of baked rye bread in the spring and summer - 2 1/2, in the fall - 2, in the winter - 3;

1 pound of wheat bread - in the spring - 5 kopecks, in the summer, autumn, in the winter - 4 kopecks each;

1 pound of best grade meat - in spring - 17 kopecks, in summer, autumn and winter - 16 kopecks each;

1 pound of the worst grade - in spring - 15 kopecks, in summer and autumn - 12 kopecks each, in winter - 11 kopecks;

1 pound of salt cost 1 kopeck at any time of the year;

1 pound of sugar at any time of the year - 15 kopecks (GAKO. F. 1. Op. 1. D. 211. L. 189–202).

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the territory of the Tomarovka settlement was divided into three parts: first, behind the scenes, by church parishes or thrones (Kazan, Mikhailovskaya and Nikolskaya churches) with the corresponding graveyards (cemeteries), and later officially - by administrative units: 1, 2nd, 3rd Tomarovsky societies and Dobropochinkovsky society, which were subordinate to the Tomarovsky volost government. Each society had a village headman at the head, who supervised order in the entrusted territory, informed the population of the order of the authorities, kept a record of the inhabitants' livestock, etc.

Zemstvo bodies acted in an organized and clear manner: provincial and district assemblies, which were involved in the maintenance of schools, hospitals, road construction, landscaping and others.

Tomarovka in the XX century

The first years of the XX century were difficult for the inhabitants of the settlement due to the poor harvest that swept the whole country and the Russian-Japanese war that began in 1904. Most of the peasants were land-poor, the best land was in the hands of the kulaks and landowners.

The landowner Ivan Mikhailovich Segedin had 150 dessiatines of free land and up to 200 dessiatines of leased land. The landowner Grinev had up to 100 acres of land and a distillery. Prince Golovko rented up to 150 acres on the territory of our lands. The landowner Hetman had 150 acres of land and a steam mill. His brother had an iconostasis factory. Wealthy Tomarites Nikolai Ivanovich Solodovnikov rented up to 150 acres of land in Moschenoye and Nevyedomka. Segeda Ivan Dmitrievich rented up to 150 acres of land. Rutenko had 40 acres. The merchant Shevchenko had 40 acres of land and conducted extensive trade. Shekun had up to 100 acres of land and a steam mill. In the hands of the church there were up to 100 acres of land. Countess Kleinmichel had up to 300 acres of land and forests.

In 1904, a revolutionary circle was organized among the youth in Tomarovka. The leader was the teacher of the zemstvo school Ivan Petrovich Deneka. He taught the youth the revolutionary songs "Varshavyanka", "Internationale" and others, called for a struggle against the church and tsarism, for which he was anathematized, and in 1905 he was arrested and sent to hard labor. His work was continued by Pyotr Fedorovich Prikhodchenko and Nikolai Petrovich Solodovnikov. Their group included Rutenko Fedor Gerasimovich, Kalashnikov Pavel Ivanovich, Gnilitsky Andrey Fedorovich, Grigorov Pavel Fedorovich, Solodovnikov Kozma Andreevich, Stepanenko Mikhail Ivanovich, Stepanenko Vasily Ivanovich.

They held May Day, issued 2 proclamations, calling for a revolution. Back in 1901, members of this group organized a strike on the farm of Ivan Mikhailovich Segedin. The revolutionaries were driven from Borisovka (where there was a convoy yard) through Tomarovka to Yakovlevo (where there was also a convoy yard). A group of young people decided to free the prisoners. Through Nikolai Petrovich Solodovnikov, who works as a clerk in the council, they got the blanks of passports, got money from the Kustovo landowner. They managed to save only one. They arranged an escape for him, provided him with a passport and money. Members of this group took part in the uprising in the village of Kustovoy in 1905. Almost all of the members of the revolutionary circle were arrested. They were released by the 1917 revolution.

Before the first imperialist war, according to 1910 data, there were up to 15,000 inhabitants in Tomarovka itself. Men - 8,000, women - 7,000. The allotment area was calculated at 500 dessiatines or 64 square fathoms per capita. There were a total of 5 148 houses, including 22 stone ones covered with iron, 5 126 wooden ones covered with thatch (GAKO F. 1, 01. D. 211).

The war of 1914 laid a heavy burden on the shoulders of the inhabitants of our area. At the beginning of the war, there was a strike of seasonal and day laborers at the landowner Segedin Ivan Mikhailovich. During the war, part of Tomarovka residents left for cities and other regions of the country. Most of the men of military age were mobilized for the front, and most of them did not return home.

After the victory of the February bourgeois revolution in Tomarovka, zemstvo power was organized, headed by the merchants Shevchenko and Ladygin. The secretary was S. A. Ivanchikhin.

In July 1917, a group headed by Andrei Afanasyevich Eremenko was organized from the soldiers and sailors who had returned from the front. When in August the news of the defeat of the Kornilov rebellion arrived, the revolutionary group overthrew the merchant elite, and a volost administration was created, the chairman of which was Pavel Ivanovich Slyunin.

The revolutionary group included Semenenko Tikhon Stepanovich ("Buremka"), Kalashnikov Fedor Vasilyevich ("Korovko"), Chuprynin Andrey Stepanovich, Rogulin Yegor Mikhailovich, Kalashnikova Zinaida Aleksandrovna, Eremenko Ivan Yakovlevich, Chekhovskoy Kirill Lavrentievich. This group kept in touch with the revolutionary Belgorod committee.

Soviet power in Tomarovka, as well as throughout the Belgorod district, was established in mid-November (more precisely, November 12-15, 1917).

October 30 (November 12) in Belgorod, the Soviets took power into their own hands. Representatives from the Belgorod Revolutionary Committee were sent throughout the Belgorod district to organize the establishment of Soviet power. Comrade Martynov was sent to Tomarovka. The Volost Revolutionary Committee was created. Ivan Yakovlevich Eremenko was elected as chairman of the volost revolutionary committee, Grigory Dmitrievich Chuenko as secretary, Andrey Stepanovich Chuprynin as deputy chairman, Andrey Ivanovich Sayenko as military commissar, Tikhon Stepanovich Semenenko as police commissar, Egor Mikhailovich Kagulin as commissar for communications and communications, Yegor Mikhailovich Kagulin as food commissioner. Fedor Vasilievich, people's judge - Miroshnikov Pavel Dmitrievich

In the very first days, the revolutionary committee organized a militia in the village to maintain order, confiscated and nationalized the houses of landowners, kulaks and merchants, and began distributing land to the poor and middle peasants. But the enemies tried to strangle the young Soviet regime. On Belgorod, as a major strategic point and railway junction, the main blow of the White Guard army of Kornilov was directed. The Cossack and officer units of General Kornilov, retreating to the south after their defeat near Petrograd, appeared in our area in November. They moved to Belgorod through Tomarovka from Gertsevka station. On November 27, a battle took place near Tomarovka.

The newspaper “Russkoe slovo” (Kharkov) reported: “... The battle took place 28 versts from Belgorod, near the Tomarovka station and was fierce. The battle continued all day and all night. The number of wounded and killed is enormous.

According to the Belgorod Revolutionary Committee, the first echelon of the Kornilov shock battalions was defeated and the train was captured. After that, another 5 other echelons came to the rescue. A new battle ensued, the outcome of which is still unknown. "

The Belgorod Bolsheviks mobilized all their forces against the Kornilovites. Red Guards and sailors from Petrograd, Moscow and Kharkov were sent to help them. The Kornilovites retreated to Gertsevka, disembarked and marched on foot through our villages Cherkasskoe - Butovo - Dmitrievka - Kozmodemyanskoe, trying to get to the Sazhnoe station. But in the fields of the village of Krapivnoye, sailors and Red Guards blocked their way. A strong battle took place, where the main forces of the Kornilovites were defeated. The Tomarites, led by Andrei Ivanovich Sayenko and Yegor Mikhailovich Rogulin, took part in the defeat of the Kornilovites. Having defeated the Kornilov rebels, the Bolsheviks threw all their strength into strengthening Soviet power.

The Tomarovka Revolutionary Committee established revolutionary order in the parish. In January – February 1918, much effort was devoted to helping the poor prepare for sowing. At this time, the Revolutionary Committee was very active in teaching children. A commission on public education was created. It was headed by P.I.Slyunin. Large events were held to provide fuel for schools, hospitals, institutions and families of the poor.

The pillars of the committee were the poor and the middle peasants. Young people rendered great help. She actively participated in all the work to strengthen Soviet power Varvara Davydovna Sidorenko, a hospital midwife, daughter of a tailor, was executed by enemies of the revolution in 1919.

In February 1918, during a meeting where the question of dividing the lands of Hetman, Segedin, Solodovnikov and others was being decided, the kulaks began a mutiny near the house confiscated from the merchant Shevchenko Andrey Mikhailovich. They fired at representatives of the Soviet government. The leaders of the Revolutionary Committee took refuge with the poor and relatives, and Rogulin Yegor Mikhailovich rushed to the post office building to call Belgorod and ask for help, but his way to the building was cut off. Then Rogulin rushed to the railway, thinking of a passing train to get to Belgorod. He was pursued by bandits Makar Shevchenko and Grigory Ivanchikhin. On the 6th kilometer from the station in the direction of Belgorod, the bandits overtook Rogulin and brutally killed him. Enemies inflicted 18 knife wounds on him.

Rogulin E.M. was buried in Tomarovka on the square. The Tomarites erected a monument to the first revolutionary, a fighter for Soviet power.

In the winter of 1918, the Soviet government threw all its forces into strengthening the republic. But in the spring, after the breakdown of the Brest peace talks, using the betrayal of the Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists, the German imperialists seized Ukraine and part of the Russian Federation, including our places.

The Germans attacked Belgorod from the direction of Tomarovka, which they occupied on March 25, 1918. The Belgorod detachment under the command of Godun stubbornly fought for the city. For three days the fighting went on, but the Germans threw in huge forces, and the Red Guards retreated towards Kursk. The Germans reached the Sazhnoye station and stopped at this line. The Revolutionary Committee was evacuated from Tomarovka. Having occupied Tomarovka, the Germans established a brutal regime. They took away livestock, bread, things from the population. With the arrival of the Germans, merchants, traders and kulaks raised their heads again. They persecuted families of revolutionaries.

The Germans stood until November 1918. In November, in connection with the revolution in Germany, the Soviet government mobilized all its forces to liberate the lands occupied by the Germans. By the end of November, our territory was liberated. Former members of the revolutionary committee returned to Tomarovka. They restored Soviet power in Tomarovka and surrounding villages. Semenenko Tikhon Stepanovich was elected chairman of the volost revolutionary committee, his deputy was Andrei Stepanovich Chuprynin, and Vasily Nikolayevich Kaidashov was his secretary. Life was gradually getting better. Community foundations have been set up in the villages to help the poor to carry out spring sowing. But they did not have time to harvest the sown.

In July 1919, Denikin's White Guard bands occupied Belgorod. At this time, the young Soviet Republic was in a ring of fronts. In the north and south, west and east, there was a fierce struggle against the interventionists and the White Guards. All major cities of Ukraine were occupied by Denikinites and White Poles. Yudenich stood at Petrograd.

Denikinites rampaged and mocked the population. A stubborn partisan struggle against the enemies was conducted by the underground, led by the Bolsheviks. The Denikinites set up the gallows in the market square of Belgorod. They hanged a number of partisans, among whom was Varvara Davydovna, a resident of Tomarovka, Sidorenko. In fierce battles, the Red Army defeated the Denikin gangs. On December 19, 1919, Belgorod was liberated, and on December 20–21, the Tomarovsky region was also liberated. The people started peaceful construction.

After the expulsion of Denikin's gangs, Vasily Ivanovich Gerusov was elected chairman of the executive committee. At the same time, a party cell headed by Yemelyan Fedoseevich Kolosov was organized in Tomarovka.

In 1920, E.F. Kolosov was elected chairman of the volispolkom. He was in charge until 1922. The party cell was headed by Mikhail Kharitonovich Markov, and since 1922 the party cell was transformed into a volost party committee, the same M. Kh.Markov was elected secretary.

At the end of 1922, a volost Komsomol organization was created, and Pavel Molchanov was elected its secretary. From 1922 to 1924, Andrey Stepanovich Chuprynin worked as the chairman of the executive committee. From 1924 to 1925, the sent Shuran Iosif Petrovich chaired. From 1925 to 1927, Vasily Filippovich Gudimenko was the chairman of the executive committee.

The new economic policy of the twenties gave a great impetus to the development of all branches of industry and agriculture. During this period, individual agriculture was only gaining strength after the war and revolutionary devastation.

By that time, Tomarovka had more than two thousand households and up to eleven thousand inhabitants. The peasants who received land plots were mostly poor, horseless. They got prosperity with incredibly strenuous work, great frugality of all property and equipment. The peasants treated all products with care, especially purchased ones: salt, kerosene, matches. Here's one example. In 1920, the farmer Boris Nikolaevich Babich, when he received an allotment of land for 8 souls, had one horse, one cow and up to ten sheep. The family was large: he and his wife, five sons and a daughter. The head of the family saved on every little thing. A box of matches cost 10 kopecks, there are 52 matches in a box. They were thicker than real ones, and Boris Nikolayevich chopped them in two, made 104. Every free minute he was engaged in splitting matches, which were used only to kindle the stove or to light a lamp or lantern. Like all farmers, the Babich family rented allotments from the Tomarovka residents and processed them. For the use of the land, they paid the rent established at that time. The family ate tasty and satisfying, but everyone worked from dawn to dark. In 1926, the family already had five horses, four cows with offspring, about a hundred sheep. There were chickens and geese. Every market day the Babichi brought cottage cheese, sour cream to Belgorod or to the market in Tomarovka. Cooperatives bought eggs, vegetables and livestock.

But bread and other agricultural products did not provide sufficient means of subsistence for the inhabitants of the settlement. The source of additional income was handicraft production, which was large for that time, the rise of which, just falls on the 20s.

In the list of handicraft martels of the Belgorod district for 1929 in the Belgorod district in Tomarovka there are: forge-conveyance "Way forward", sewing machines "Beloshveika" and "Shveinik", sheepskin-fur coat "Shubnik".

In Tomarovka, one of the main handicraft industries was leather and shoemaking, up to 10,000 skins were processed a year. From them, artisans produced leather, chrome, soles and damp, sewed excellent footwear, especially women's boots of the "Parisian style". Saddlers made harnesses, bridles and other horse harness.

The sheepskin production processed more than 20 thousand sheepskins, from which men and womens fur coats of various styles and colors were sewn: from a short red sheepskin coat to a luxurious black female fur coat, hats of all types, styles and all types of fur were sewn.

The surrounding farms and villages were supplied with raw materials for hides and sheepskins, and they were imported from other regions. In addition to fur coat tailors - "Kravtsov" - there were tailors and milliners who sewed excellent men's suits and coats, dresses and jackets.

The blacksmithing-wagon production manufactured the move-carts, carts, phaetons, sleds-sleds. Leon Mantulin, whose family from generation to generation was engaged in the blacksmithing trade, wrote in his memoirs: “At the end of the summer of 1920, the Tomarites accompanied a group of recruits to the Red Army. Among them was I, a young rural guy. We went to Belgorod, where there was a collection point. And then, according to the order, I had to go to Bryansk for service. But everything turned out differently. Representatives of the newly formed infantry regiment in Voronezh arrived in Belgorod. Wanted wheel masters. The new regiment was armed with many carts with machine guns, and it was simply impossible to do without people who knew how to tinker and repair wheels. And I mastered this specialty perfectly. So I ended up in Voronezh instead of Bryansk. "

Others made agricultural implements: single-share plows, harrows, cultivators and various household implements, as well as horseshoes, shoeing horses.

In addition to these, the main ones, there were many small handicraftsmen and artisans. They made spinning wheels, reeds (accessories for household looms), furniture, chests, cabinets and chairs, as well as window frames and doors. Coopers made tubs and tubs. Potters made pottery, pots, bowls, and jugs. Fellers rolled felt boots and homemade cloth.

The Getman's iconostasis factory, which made iconostases and painted icons for them, was a special pride.

Out of about two hundred large and small iconostasis factories that existed in Russia at that time, the Tomarov factory took the second place.

Her products were distinguished by the great art of wood carving, high artistic and architectural compositions. The excellent work of Tomar's craftsmen was awarded 97 gold, silver, bronze medals, and certificates of commendation.

The Tomarites were famous for their masters of building trades: bricklayers, carpenters, roofers, tinsmiths, plasterers and alfreys, who, together with plasterers, decorated the best buildings and palaces in Moscow, Kharkov, Odessa and other cities.

In Tomarovka, they made raw bricks, due to the lack of fuel, the bricks were fired very little.

Processing of agricultural products was developed in the settlement. On its territory there were 56 windmills (1926), two steam ones, which produced all kinds of grains. Bread-makers, bakers, bakeries baked all kinds of breads, rolls, bagels, gingerbreads, simple and curly.

The churns produced oil from sunflower and hemp seeds, the grinders made buckwheat, barley groats, and millet.

Large slaughter of livestock was carried out, both in cooperative and small private slaughterhouses.

There were about a dozen egg and poultry warehouses in the settlement, working around the clock. In the spring-summer period, people were engaged in collecting, sorting and sending eggs. In autumn and winter - fattening and slaughter of geese, chickens and ducks. All these products were packed in special boxes and sent by wagons to the industrial regions of the country and abroad. A branch of the joint-stock company "Sovkooptorg" was engaged in this in the settlement.

Another joint-stock company - "Lenkooptorg" - was engaged in the procurement and processing of fruits and vegetables. The settlement had its own vegetable-drying and fermentation-pickling plant, where they dried onions, potatoes, carrots, apples and pears, salted cucumbers, and fermented cabbage. Many procurements were carried out on individual farms. All this was sent by wagons in fresh and processed form to the industrial regions of the Urals and to St. Petersburg, and some of them were sent abroad.

During these years, the farms of the families of Kalashnikovs, Segedins, Solodovnikovs, Vasilenko, Shevchenko, Rutenko and others were greatly strengthened. Trade was widely developed in the Tomarovka settlement. In addition to the three stores of consumer cooperation, there were about two dozen private stores, shops and stalls. The meat row consisted of small (up to two dozen) shops and stalls of private traders, who traded a large selection of meat products every day from five to nine in the morning. There were especially many stalls of bakers with hot bread at any time of the day.

There were specialized shops selling wine and vodka. The Gosspirtovsky and the bookstore of the State Publishing House, opened in 1924 in a large stone, former merchant store, were very popular among the residents.

Bazaars in the settlement were held three times a week. From early morning until noon, trade took place here. At the market, you could buy everything you need for the economy of that time: a horse with a cart, and dress yourself in a suit and a fur coat, put on boots and felt boots. Everything took no more than two or three hours. As soon as you turn to one of the merchants, they immediately tried to bring you everything with fitting and a choice.

Tomarovka was famous for its fairs, there were seven of them a year, and each lasted from three to five days. They gathered up to two thousand carts of traders, handicraftsmen and buyers. The peasants took out their surplus grain and livestock and other products. The fairs were divided into seasons: spring-summer and autumn-winter. The latter were distinguished by the abundance in the sale of livestock, agricultural products, handicraft products, especially fur coats and footwear. These were not only marketplaces, but also big holidays with merry-go-rounds and buffoons, and the noise of the fair was overlapping the bell ringing of three churches.

The agricultural credit partnership traded and issued on credit to everyone plows, harrows, seeders, reapers, mowers, threshers - all horse-drawn, bought grain.

Since the fall of 1927, the established Tomarov way of life has begun to change in recent years. Active preparations began for industrialization and collectivization.

Many small and large private shops ceased to exist due to unbearable taxes. For his non-payment, goods were confiscated, and, if necessary, all property, up to the house.

The artisans began to unite into fishing artels and cooperatives. The first two fishing artels were created: the forge-convoy "Put forward" and the sheepskin-fur coat "Shubnik". The rest of the handicrafts ceased to exist. The large leather and footwear production also disappeared. All other artisans and handicraftsmen began to leave Tomarovka.

Enterprises processing agricultural products were nationalized: churns, grinders, egg and poultry warehouses. They were transferred from one organization to another, from one department to another.

Tomarovka was built up mainly in small wooden huts covered with thatch. Only the houses of merchants and wealthy artisans were brick, covered with iron, with beautiful architectural decoration of the facades. The house of the craftsman A.S. Moschensky at 26 Magistralnaya Street has survived to this day. In 1932, the owner was convicted on a false denunciation and exiled to the Vologda region (rehabilitated by the Decree of the KGB of the USSR in the Belgorod region of January 16, 1989). In 1991 the house was returned to the children of A.S. Moschensky

The building ensemble of the iconostasis factory, located in the center of the settlement, stood out for its special architecture. There were no large industrial buildings; all industrial production was housed in small wooden buildings.

At the beginning of the 1920s, there were five school buildings in the settlement, four schools of the 1st and one of the 2nd level. Classes began on September 17th. A lot of children studied in schools. So for 8 teachers who worked in Tomarovka at that time, on average there were 77 students. More than once the heads of schools have applied to the County General Department with a request to increase the number of teachers.

In January 1921, reading rooms began to work at schools. So, for example, the Pesochinskaya hut-reading room had a book fund of 63 copies of books. The readership consisted of 60 people. The annual loan was 87 books. The reading room served an area of ​​400 people. The head was the teacher of the same school Tikhomirova Tatyana Mikhailovna. The Lakhtinskaya hut-reading room had a fund of 52 books, and its readership consisted of 30 people. The annual loan was 78 books. It was located in the house of the head of the school ZI Shiryaev. The reading rooms were open only on Sundays.

It had its own gymnasium, as well as a complex of buildings of the zemstvo hospital, three large stone churches.

The way of life of people was organized according to the established custom from time immemorial. On Sundays and holidays, old and young residents went to church in the morning. After mass and home rest in winter, parties of the young and gatherings of the elderly gathered in huts specially hired by the pool. On each street - two, men and women separately. Parties guys and girls spent together, on fine winter evenings they sledged, drove each other.

A significant event for the inhabitants of the settlement was the opening in the settlement of the People's House, built in 1923-24 with a large hall and a gallery for 600 seats. There were also circle rooms in it.

The library in the settlement was opened on January 1, 1921. One of the residents recalls: “When I first entered the library, I was stunned: beautiful massive furniture, a lot of books around in bright beautiful embossed gold bindings. It seemed that I was in a divine temple ... ". The house of the rich man Shevchenko with beautiful carved oak furniture was given to the library. The library fund was formed from books confiscated from local landowners and rich people, donated by the intelligentsia of the Tomarovka village.

In 1928, the library became a district library and moved to a new two-story building (now Kommunalny lane), where the entire second floor was given to it (during the second German occupation, this building was burned down). In January 1921, libraries at Tomarovka schools began their work.

With the construction of the People's House and the opening of the library, great changes took place in the church patriarchal order of the Tomarites. The reading rooms were full of people from morning to evening on Sundays and holidays. In the lower hall, lectures, evenings of questions and answers, debates on various everyday topics were held. The upper hall, where there were many newspapers and magazines published at that time, was filled to capacity with readers. Performances and concerts of amateur artists were staged in Nardoma. In winter and summer, on holiday and Sunday evenings, youth festivities gathered here, accordions played, dances were held. In the summer, in their free time from field work, the inhabitants of Tomarovka walked on the lawns and in levadas, played various mass games, such as "third extra", "gorun gri", and also sang and danced.

A brass band often played in the garden near Nardom. All this until 11 o'clock in the morning. Despite the fact that vodka and wine in shanks was sold until 12 o'clock in the morning, there were no drunks at the festivities.

Tomarovka had three large church choirs led by qualified conductors. The choir of the Mikhailovskaya Church was especially famous, from which in the future a large choir was organized at the People's House.

Litvishko (Segedina) A. F recalls: “From the age of 6, my father sang in the choir of the Mikhailovskaya Church. The church bought him a good winter coat (financially helped the choir members). But it so happened that somehow, through negligence, the boy ruined his coat and after that did not go to the choir for fear. And as an adult he returned to the choir, learned musical notation and for many years sang later (after the closure of the Mikhailovskaya Church) in the choir of the Kazan Church of the Mother of God. "

For the summer, a temporary stage and benches were erected in the summer garden and on the square. Various festive celebrations took place there.

Almost every street had its own small choirs, and songs were played in spring and summer on weekends and holidays throughout the settlement.

Since the late 1920s, an anti-religious campaign has been launched throughout the country. In Tomarovka it began with a large “anti-religious fire”.

Kolomatsky Ivan Yegorovich, born in 1909, recalls: “One evening in 1929, on the eve of the patronal feast, Mikhailov Day, a fire was lit from confiscated icons. The icons that the Komsomol members brought from home were also thrown into the fire.

The fire was laid out on the square near the St. Michael's Church. The icons that got into the “anti-religious fire” were mostly expensive, in frames made of natural gilded foil. In the evening darkness, the effect was enchanting, the sparks flew high and the glow was impressive. But there was no “jubilation”, which the organizers of the bonfire expected. People with stern, gloomy faces stood around and dispersed, not waiting for the end of the conflagration and the "solemn" meeting. The fire was burning out under the supervision of several firefighters. "

In the same period, they began, against the will of the people, to close the parish churches. Here is a fragment of one of the documents that testifies to this.

"Protocol No. 5
Meeting of the APPO Collegium of the RK VKP (b) together with the activists of the village of Tomarovka from 21 / X-29, 42 people were present.

We listened to the report on the closure of the Mikhailovskaya Church of the Tomarovsky Village Council. Comrade I. Kovalev reported:

After hearing and discussing Comrade Kovalev's report on the closure of the St. rain.

The asset decided:

“To undertake the work of conducting wide campaigning among the parish of the Mikhailovskaya Church for the closure of the church and the provision of grain for filling.”

And the temple was closed, and before the war it was used as a granary (Belogorye: almanac of local lore. 2001. No. 3. P. 140-141).

Anti-religious propaganda was carried out in schools, this work was carried out by a library, a club. In the resolution of the conference of school workers in the city of Belgorod on April 4, 1929, it was said: "In conditions of aggravation of the class struggle, anti-religious propaganda in the school should be carried out in two directions: through the program and through the club-circle" (Weekly Narkompros of the RSFSR. 1929. No. 20– 21, p. 47).

On December 26, 1919, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a decree "On the elimination of illiteracy among the population of the RSFSR", according to which all citizens aged 8 to 50 years old who cannot write or read should study in public schools at will in their native or Russian language (Collection of legalizations and orders of the workers 'and peasants' government. 1919. No. 67. S. 592).

From the information on the elimination of illiteracy in the Tomarovsky District of the Belgorod District: as of May 23, 1930, 6,560 people were taught to read and write, of which 1,695 were men and 4,865 were women. According to their social status, the illiterate were distributed as follows: 3 workers, 192 farm laborers, 2,985 poor peasants, 3,364 middle peasants, and 115 well-to-do people. Only 5,927 people completed the course.

An interesting list of textbooks for all training groups: the primer "The Sun" by Polyakov, the problem book "Life and Knowledge in Numbers" by Zenchenko, "The Path to Spelling" by Lopyrev, the book by "Live Count" by Zvyagintsev and others.

The local authority in 1920 was the Tomarovsky Volost Executive Committee, which was headed (was the chairman) until 1922 by E.F. Kolosov. The party cell was headed by Mikhail Kharitonovich Markov, and since 1922 the party cell was transformed into a volost party committee, the same M. Kh.Markov was elected secretary.

At the end of 1922, a volost Komsomol organization was also created, the secretary of which was Pavel Molchanov. From 1922 to 1924, Andrey Stepanovich Chuprynin worked as the chairman of the executive committee. From 1924 to 1925, the sent Shuran Iosif Petrovich chaired. From 1925 to 1927, Vasily Filippovich Gudimenko was the chairman of the executive committee.

In the early 1920s (1921-1924), when counties and volosts were consolidated (economically weak volosts with a small population were liquidated), the Tomarovsk volost included: Bykovsky rural council, Yakovlevsky rural council from the Vistula volost of the Belgorod district , Kozmodemyanovsky village council, from the Graivoronsky district of the Strigunovskaya volost - Kustovsky village council, from the Kryukovskoy volost - Zybinsky village council, Loknyansky village council, Nevedomo-Kolodezyansky village council, Hotmyzhsky village council, from the Butovskoy rural soviet - Butovo village council, Glinsky village council, Glinsky village council, Glinsky village council Yamnensky village council, from Krasnensky volost (former Oboyansky district) - Rakovsky village council, Mikhailovsky village council, Olkhovatsky village council, Kalashnikovsky village council, Krasnensky village council, Lukhaninsky village council, Yumatovsky village council, Pogorelovsky village council, Podymovsky village council, Alekhovatsky village council.

After the end of the Civil War and the solid formation of Soviet power, the cooperative movement began to develop in the USSR. Before the publication of the Decree on Agricultural Cooperation (1927), 88 collectives were already operating in the Belgorod district, which were engaged in various types of activities.

Artels and partnerships organized by various directions of activity were widespread at that time (on the territory of the present Yakovlevsky district, they began to be created back in 1919).

On November 11, 1927, the 1st Tomarovskoye machine partnership was created in Tomarovka - the prototype of the future MTS.

On May 9, 1928, the Tomarovskoe partnership (registration number 379) began its activities, whose members were engaged in the cultivation of sugar beets.

In 1928, Tomarovskaya volost was transformed into a district. Pletnikov was the secretary of the district party committee until 1930.

The 30s became a turning point for Tomarovites. The transition from private to collective property began. In the spring of 1930, an agricultural artel named after Voroshilov (2nd Tomarovsky Village Council) was organized in Tomarovka. At first, this process proceeded naturally, that is, people signed up for the collective farm voluntarily. First of all, these were poor people who did not have the opportunity to cultivate their plots on their own. They didn’t have horses, they didn’t have the necessary agricultural equipment.

It is quite natural that the Tomarites met collectivization in different ways: most of the population did not support the decisions of the November (1929) Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on complete collectivization.

The main reason was, first of all, the fact that people were not yet morally ready for collective management. Protesting against joining the collective farm, they killed livestock, hid grain and did not want to hand it over to the state. Some who joined the collective farm left it, taking their cattle away. In the bazaar, on the streets, in the church, the opponents of the new system carried on anti-collective farm agitation. Here are some slogans: “Wherever you go out your thinness, more in the reign the rakls themselves zibrally, and all your thinness is lost”, “Zhyly vik without kolgospiv, that oozes khlib, and kola pochala kolgospy, then began to starve”.

There was a case when tractors went into the field to plow collective farm steam, several people attacked the tractor, beat it with iron shovels, and women headed by Tishchenko Praskovya Leontyevna beat the tractor driver and chairman of the collective farm association Kuzin.

However, despite the difficulties, the process of uniting the peasants was gaining momentum. So, by May, 268 poor and middle peasants entered the Voroshilov collective farm.

Responsibility for the course and results of collectivization was assigned to local authorities. By the decision of the November Plenum, workers of industrial enterprises - twenty-five thousand people - were sent to help in organizing collective farms. The former foreman of the Podolsk sewing machine plant I.V. Sapronov was sent to the Tomarovsky district and was successfully supervised.

Various methods were used to attract people to the collective farm. One of the methods was “matchmaking”. P. Telepin (the responsible organizer of the Voroshilov Tomarovsky collective farm-giant) recalls: “The board of the collective farm has long looked closely at Anton Nikiforovich Goncharov. He is an intelligent, authoritative person, an honest worker. But he did not submit an application to the collective farm and thus influenced the peasants of the whole street. He had a horse and a cow on the farm. The family cultivated the land with their own labor, without farm laborers. The collective farm management had calculations for Goncharov. Often our representatives were in his family. I also came in with M.I.Polyakov. The hosts warmly welcomed us.

At the hot samovar, we drank tea with fragrant rye bread, We talked about a lot. At the end of the conversation, the chairman said to Anton Nikiforovich: “We came not only to drink tea. There is an urgent matter. Get ready for the collective farm. Those who cannot be refused will come to you. " The owner warmly thanked us for the visit, for the honor shown, for the kind words, but refused to join the collective farm: “I'm not ready yet. I'll think ...

One morning, 50 of the oldest collective farmers came to the house of the Goncharovs, built of red bricks and covered with tiles. In front of the closed courtyard, they lined up in a row, bared their gray heads. Maxim Yakovlevich Yurchenko entered the Goncharovs' hut. He wished the owners good health and said: “Outside the window are matchmakers of the Voroshilov collective farm. They came to woo you on the collective farm. Write a statement. "

The wife and husband of the Goncharovs quickly dressed in the best outfits and went out to the matchmakers. An orchestra burst out, which was heard throughout Tomarovka. The hostess of the house carried bread and salt on her outstretched arms, covered with an embroidered towel. Her husband came out of the open plank gate, holding a good-quality bay mare with his right hand, and a high-yielding "sentimental" (a Simmental cow) with his left. They put Goncharov in warm embraces, and then began to swing, tossing him up to the roof. A threefold greeting thundered - a threefold carcass.

People hurriedly gathered to the sounds of the music of honorable matchmaking. It was a matchmaking to a collective farm of authoritative workers. Goncharov entered the collective farm boldly and decisively. There were difficulties at work. But he was not shy. He knew how to approach people, help them, he knew how to attract by personal example. "

And here is another collectivization method that has yielded good results. Collective farm demonstrations were held with the participation of collective farmers, Komsomol members, schoolchildren and all willing individual farmers, the poor and middle peasants. The demonstration took place along the streets of Tomarovka, primarily along those streets where collectivization is weaker. A flying meeting was held on every street. So, on Korchevka Street (now Gvardeyskaya), on one of these days, almost all middle and poor peasants were recruited.

So, if on May 15, 1931 there were 428 farms on the Voroshilov collective farm, then already on the 16th - 470, on the 18th - 542, on the 20th - 657, on the 25th - 867 farms.

For the development of the collective farm, equipment was required, the loans allocated by the state were not enough. And the equipment was mainly purchased abroad for gold. Activists began collecting gold from the population in all its forms to purchase a new tractor. And the Tomarites went to meet them. Maxim Yakovlevich Yurchenko and his wife gave 38 gold ten-ruble coins, his brother, Yurchenko Ivan Yakovlevich - 15 five-ruble gold coins. Anton Nikiforovich Goncharov gave away 10 gold five-ruble coins, 5 coins each for a ducat, earrings, two wedding rings. It cannot be said that people parted with their values ​​without regret; there were tears and lamentations. But people wanted to believe that all this is being done to improve their future.

In order not to return to the years of collectivization in the future, it would be appropriate to say that on the lands of the Druzhba collective farm of the 70s, in 1929-1934, 18 agricultural cartels were organized: Dubininsky village council: “Red warrior” - Fedorenkov farm; "2nd Five-Year Plan" - Dubiny farm, "Land of Soviets" - Saenki farm; Pushkar village council: "Red militant" - the village of Domnino, "RKKA" - the village of Pushkarnoe, named after Molotov - the village of Pushkarnoe; "Early plowman" - the farm Krasny Otrozhek, "Krasnaya Podgornaya" (after the war - "Krasnoe Podgornaya") - the village of Podgornoe, "Stepnoye" - the village of Stepnoye, named after Bubnov (in the second half of the 30s it was renamed into the collective farm named after Kirov) - the locality is unknown; Streletsky Village Council: "Testaments of Ilyich", "8th March", named after Dimitrov, named after the Political Department - the village of Streletskoye; 1st Tomarovsky Village Council: named after Kuibyshev - the village of Tomarovka, "Krasnaya Polyana" - the village of Krasnaya Polyana; 2nd Tomarovsky Village Council: named after Voroshilov - Tomarovka village.

In 1930, dispossession of the wealthy peasantry began. Various people fell into the number of dispossessed people, including those who were exiled to Siberia.

Some Tomarians remember how echelon No. 310 took their relatives to the North from the Belgorod station. Many mistakes were made during dispossession. There were cases when, when the owners were evicted from the house, everything left in the house was looted or destroyed. This was done by special teams from the asset.

The brigades came to the house, evicted the owners (if they had not left on their own). They were allowed to take clothes, bedding and kitchen utensils with them.

Tomarovets I. Ye. Kolomatsky recalls: “I remember how furniture and books of the merchant Kalashnikov Alexander were destroyed. The house consisted of seven rooms with a veranda and an open terrace, the furnishings in the rooms were complete, the best Viennese factories. When the brigade entered the house, everything stood in its place, only there was a little mess after the owners left, who had left Tomarovka in advance. And when the brigade left the house, chips of broken furniture and broken dishes remained in the rooms. One girl, 180 centimeters tall, jumped on a Viennese sofa and bounced on it until her legs fell through the sofa. The guy took an iron kingpin and smashed to smithereens a mirror in a beautifully carved frame made of Bohemian 12mm glass. He turned everything into splinters and splinters. A large library of the classics of that time: the works of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Turgenev and many others, beautiful art albums, filing of magazines - were loaded and sent to waste. " All this was done, of course, by illiterate or completely illiterate people.

The dispossessed peasants directed all their anger and hatred for the destruction and ruin of their farms at the chairmen of the village council and collective farm, and party activists.

The newspaper "Leninsky Put", organ of the Tomarovsky District Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the District Executive Committee and the District Trade Union, for March 15, 1932: "... In the Tomarovka settlement on the night of March 5, 1932, the chairman of the 1st Tomarovsky Village Council, Ivan Vasilyevich Perevorochaev, was brutally killed by fists.

How did it happen?

Perevochaev was returning home at night, he did not know that his enemies, fists, were lying in wait for him in the yard. When he entered the courtyard, they immediately attacked him with a fury and brutally mutilated, inflicting several wounds with cold weapons.

Comrade Perevorochaev died.

Why did the kulaks kill Comrade Perevorochaev? For the fact that he actively fought for the cause of the working class, for the cause of the peasants, the poor and the middle peasants. He fought against the kulaks, implementing the decisions of the party and the Soviet government to eliminate the kulak as a class, fought to strengthen the collective farms, carrying out clearly all economic and political campaigns.

The class enemy is awake. It is necessary to strengthen the vigilance of the collective farm masses and wage a decisive struggle against the class enemy, the kulak.

In response to the brutal murder of Comrade Perevorochaev, we must intensify the implementation of all economic and political campaigns.

To increase the pressure on the fist - to eliminate it completely.

Nesterenko ".

And on the farm Dubiny, the chairman of the village council Grebenshchikov Ivan Andreevich was killed.

The newspaper "Leninsky Put", the organ of the Tomarovsky District Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the District Executive Committee and the District Trade Union, in the issue of July 15, 1932 and September 29, 1935 reports that three collective farms have been created in Tomarovka: the Voroshilov collective farm (2nd Tomarovsky Village Council) , the Kuibyshev collective farm and the Krasnaya Polyana collective farm (1st Tomarovsky Village Council).

Since the young Soviet Republic was in constant danger, in 1932, the Tomarovsky District Council of OSOAVIAKHIM, on the 14th anniversary of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, organized 4 training centers covering 521 Komsomol and collective farm youth.

Training centers were organized in Dmitrievsky, Kustovsky, Glinsky and Streletsky village councils. The stations have successfully completed the military training program of the first stage. The foreign and domestic policy of the Soviet Union was widely explained at the training points. During the sessions of the Kustovsky and Dmitrievsky councils of the OSS, 297 people were recruited as members, 186 copies were subscribed to the newspapers "On guard". Collected for the defense of the USSR 160 rubles.

At the end of October 1932, on the outskirts of the Tomarovka settlement, behind the Belgorod-Gotnya railway line, an enterprise was founded, the main purpose of which was poultry processing and a salot plant (the latter did not start working).

The first organizer, builder, and then director was Pyotr Ivanovich Malikov. He worked in this position for three years. After his departure, Andrey Ignatovich Kislenko temporarily performed the duties of director. And soon the management of the enterprise was entrusted to Alexander Luisovich Vasilenko, who worked in this position until September 1941.

The material and technical base of the enterprise was limited to a few sheds. These were a workshop for receiving poultry, a workshop for its fattening, a base for waterfowl (geese, ducks), a poultry workshop with manual processing of poultry. There was also a primitive boiler room, a tank for heating water, an ice-salt refrigerator, warehouses and a stable for three horses.

In Tomarovka there was: 1 secondary school, 1 seven-year, 2 primary, a library for adults and children, the People's House, where films were shown, various cultural events were held,

By 1937, there were already 40 beds in the Tomarovskiy regional hospital. The patients were served by 5 doctors and 24 nurses. For three decades, starting in 1907, A.P. Rusanov worked as the chief physician of the hospital.

Agriculture also developed dynamically in the Tomarovsky region in the pre-war years.

Already in 1941, the average yield of grain crops on collective farms was 12.8 centners per hectare, which meant the achievement of the goal set by the 18th Party Congress (1939) - to give an average yield in the country of 12-13 centners per hectare in the next 3-4 years. The sugar beet harvest in the region was up to 223 centners per hectare. The entire area suitable for plowing has been fully developed.

In the pre-war period, collective farmers in the Tomarovsky region received from 3 to 5 kilograms of grain per workday. The region had a highly developed animal husbandry. At 76 horse farms there were 6,603 horses, including workers - 5,464 heads, breeding horses - 139 heads and 1,000 young animals.

At 76 dairy farms, 5,086 head of cattle (cattle) were kept. The district had 5,057 pigs, including 1,512 sows, 7,366 sheep. More than 31,000 chickens were kept at 76 poultry farms (PTF).

In the villages of the district there were 20 seven-year schools, 26 primary and one secondary, 24 cottages, reading rooms, 20 collective farm clubs, in 34 nurseries, children were supervised. There was also a collective farm Rest House in the Tomarovsky district.

Before the war, Tomarovka was completely radio-equipped, had its own radio center and local radio broadcasting. The first radio announcer was Tatiana Ignatievna Nozdrachyova.

The Tomar's brass band organized during the years of collectivization was very famous. It was an unusual orchestra, it had 46 instruments, on holidays it thundered until dark. The orchestra enjoyed a well-deserved fame not only in the region, but also in Belgorod and Kharkov. It had eight cornet trumpets, four baritones, three first and three second tenors, six clarinets and the same number of altos, three big and snare drums, four vartornavas and another instrument, of which 14 were pure silver.

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945

In the early days of the war, the village workers organized a rear hospital in Tomarovka. Young people, Komsomol members took care of the wounded. When the enemy approached the borders of the region, the collective farm and organizations sent many workers to build defensive lines, trenches, and anti-tank ditches.

The Tomarovsky district was occupied by the Germans on October 22-25, 1941. They established a brutal regime. Some residents of Tomarovka helped establish a "new order". Ulansky Mikhail, a native of the village of Alekseevka, was appointed the headman of the Tomarovsky district. The police included Nikolai Goncharov, Vladimir Gnilitsky, Anatoly Miroshnikov and others. The Germans drove residents out of their homes, took away their property and livestock. The youth were driven to Germany. In total, 1,875 people were taken away for hard labor in the district. A large number of residents of the area were shot and hanged.

Classes in Tomarovski schools in September 1941 were held for only a few days, as the front line was rapidly approaching. The building of the secondary school No. 1 was adapted by the Germans as a hospital. The building of the seven-year school was partially destroyed, and in the surviving half the Germans placed a stable and a field gendarmerie. Interrogations and torture of Soviet citizens were arranged there, people were taken away from here to be shot.

There is evidence that during the occupation, the Nazis tried to open some schools in the area, including in Tomarovka. The Germans appointed Iosaf Ivanovich Dagayev as an inspector of public schools in the Tomarovsky district. But the Nazis failed to restore the normal operation of schools.

Graduations in 1942 and 1943 in Tomarovsk schools were not carried out. Some of the teachers remained in Tomarovka during the occupation, some left and lived and worked in the territory not occupied by the Germans.

The population responded to the atrocities of the Germans with hatred, the atrocities and torments did not break their fighting spirit. A group of underground workers was operating in Tomarovka. On November 16, 1941, on Tomarovka Square, Alexander Petrovich Panov, who was left on the instructions of the district party committee to conduct underground work, and Alexander Fedorovich Popov, accused of damaging the telephone wires connecting the German headquarters with the front, were hanged. (Stalin's call. 1943, October 14.)

Fearing another anger from the residents, the Germans cut down gardens and parks in the regional center. In the district, the buildings of three MTS were destroyed, 48 school buildings, hospitals, maternity hospitals, and kindergartens were blown up and destroyed.

It was not possible to take out the grain from the Archangel Church, which was adapted for storage, and it was burned. The interior of the church was completely burned out. During the occupation, a German soldier's cemetery was built near the walls of the church. After the war, the temple was dismantled and the House of Culture was built from the surviving brick.

In the center of the district, during the second retreat, the building of the RK VKP (b), the regional executive committee, the secondary school, the post office, the library, the party office, the military registration and enlistment office, the state bank and others were blown up. Here are the damage figures given in the report of the first secretary of the RK VKP (b) P. G. Kapustin: “During the 22 months of occupation, the collective farms suffered enormous damage, estimated at 196,933,458 rubles (for the region as a whole - 715,417,000 rubles).

German fascists plundered property worth 533,484,119 rubles from collective farmers and individual farmers.

The Germans betrayed the area to fire and devastation. During the occupation, 4,150 collective farmers' houses were burned and destroyed, and 22,750 people were left homeless.

The Germans took more than 3,000 head of livestock from the population, wiped out entire villages from the face of the earth - Kozmodemyanskoye, Lukhanino, Cherkasskoye, Yakovlevo, Dmitrievka, Zadelnoe and others.

20 clubs, 3 maternity hospitals were destroyed, 30 children and 42 schools were gone. Plundered and set on fire: the regional House of Culture, a radio center, a power plant, the House of Pioneers, all buildings of regional institutions, 6 wind turbines, 46 windmills, 12 artesian wells, 66 cowsheds, 499 granaries and all stables. Dozens of devastated villages, thousands of robbed collective farmers and individual farmers, hundreds of those executed and hanged in Tomarovka, Butovo, Yakovlevo and others. "

118 stables, 27 calves, 83 shepherds and pigsties, 51 poultry houses were destroyed. 186 tractors, 19 trucks, 55 harvesters, 186 cultivators, 313 seeders were destroyed. 4 654 heads of cattle, 7 166 sheep, 9 566 pigs, 24 thousand poultry were driven away from the region and slaughtered on the spot.

The buildings of industrial enterprises were destroyed: a creamery, a poultry plant, martels, 4 brick factories, 8 grain-cutters, a kindergarten, 34 reading rooms. The enemies also inflicted a lot of harm on the private households of the district residents. More than 4,000 residential houses of collective farmers, workers and employees were destroyed and burned down.

On February 10, 1943, Soviet troops of the Voronezh Front liberated the city of Belgorod, and on February 20, the Tomarovsky region was completely liberated by units of the 40th Army.

Individual communists and NKVD workers arrived with units of the 40th Army. Regional institutions were again organized, and all forces were thrown into clearing the roads of snow for the uninterrupted advance of the Red Army units and on mobilizing the replenishment of the army from former soldiers and persons to be mobilized. Life gradually began to improve.

But the Germans again launched an offensive in the Belgorod-Kharkov direction, and the Tomarovsky region was partially occupied by the enemy again on March 17-18. Butovo, Cherkasskoye, Zavidovka, Rakovo, Alekseevka, Lukhanino, Zadelnoe, Kozmodemyanskoye, Dmitrievka, Yakovlevo and other settlements turned out to be free. The regional executive committee and all institutions settled in the village of Olkhovka of the Dmitrievsky village council, and then moved to Yakovlevo. The population from the front-line zone was evacuated to the neighboring areas: Ivnyanskiy, Oboyanskiy, Belenikhinskiy. Half of the area remained free until the summer offensive of the enemy in the Oryol-Kursk direction.

The Germans in the Belgorod-Kharkov direction had 7 defensive lines. Tomar's resistance knot was one of the most powerful defensive systems of the German invaders. The line of Tomar's powerful fortifications passed through Moshenoye, Staraya and Novaya Glinka, Tomarovka, Kustovoye. In August 1943, Soviet troops began to liquidate the Tomarov-Borisov group.

Despite the stubborn resistance of the enemy, part of our rifle troops, supported by tanks, broke into the northern outskirts of Tomarovka, while other units began to bypass the German fortifications from the west. By the end of the day, Soviet troops fortified themselves on the eastern bank of the Vorskla River and battles began on the northeastern outskirts of Tomarovka (Pesochino region). Fighting went on all day on August 5. By 5 o'clock in the afternoon, rifle units, bypassing Tomarovka from the east and west, broke through to its outskirts, and units advancing from the north reached Tomarovka. The street fighting continued throughout the night. The Nazis stubbornly held out - the Soviet troops had to storm every street. Fearing the encirclement and blowing up the best buildings of the regional center, the enemy began to retreat to Borisovka.

Few Germans managed to escape from Tomarovka. By the morning of August 6, Tomar's resistance knot was liquidated, and the German garrison was destroyed. A rally in honor of the liberation of the region from the German invaders took place on Kapustovka Street. In memory of the liberation of the region, Tomarovtsy named Kapustovka Street 6 August Street. ("From the military history of the Yakovlevsky district of the Belgorod region."

Together with the units of the Soviet Army, the first to enter Tomarovka were the workers of the RK party, the NKVD, the military registration and enlistment office and others.

About 700 Tomarites did not return from the battlefields. They gave their lives for the Victory. Two natives of Tomarovka - Shevchenko Alexander Iosifovich and Shvets Vasily Vasilyevich - were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for their feats of arms.

The war, destroying everything that people used and lived, went west, leaving ash, ruins and general poverty on our lands. Residents of both Tomarovka itself and the entire region had to overcome great difficulties.

From the report of the first secretary of the RK VKP (b) P. G. Kapustin: “... After the liberation of the region in August 1943, the hardest work began to restore everything that had been lost.

In 1943, 42 collective farms did not have spring crops. The total area of ​​the developed lands was equal to 40% of the pre-war level. Of these, 10,575 hectares were used for winter crops and 2,703 hectares for spring crops.

On the collective farms of the Lukhaninsky, Dragunsky, Zadelensky, Dmitrievsky, Kozmodemyansky and Cherkassky rural councils, most families lived in dugouts and adapted premises. All outbuildings in the area had to be rebuilt.

In the first year after the liberation of the region, the Soviet government rendered significant assistance to our collective farms and collective farmers. In August, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) adopted a Resolution "On urgent measures to restore farms in areas liberated from German occupation."

In 1943, the region was allocated 500,000 rubles for the restoration of the economy. The state allowed to develop on site for the construction of houses of collective farmers and outbuildings of collective farms in such quantity, which is necessary for this.

By January 1, 1944, the collective farmers of the district had restored and built with the help of the state 2,254 houses, including in Cherkassk - 288 houses, in the 2nd Tomarovsky village council - 253 houses, in Dragunsky - 203 houses, in Lukhaninsky - 123, in Streletsky - 120 houses, in Dmitrievsky - 46, in Kozmodemyansky - 141 houses.

There was not a single village council where great work was not carried out on the restoration and construction of farm buildings and collective farmers' houses. In the 1943-44 academic year, there were already 33 primary schools, 8 seven-year schools and one secondary school.

The period of the revival of collective farms was marked by the labor heroism of collective farmers. Lacking sufficient taxes, agricultural implements, in the fields crossed by military installations, sparing no effort, they worked, developing collective farm lands. Collective farmers of the collective farm "May 1" of the Kozmodemyansky village council in 1944 dug up more than a hundred hectares of land with shovels, manually. They dug by hand in the collective farms "Zarya Vostoka" and named after Ivanov, Dmitrievsky village council, "October" Butovo village council, named after Molotov and "23rd anniversary of October" Cherkasy village council.

In total, 1,987 hectares of collective farm fields were dug up and sown by hand in the district that year. In 1945, 367 hectares were cultivated using this method. The main burden on collective farms was the cows of collective farmers, on which they often exceeded daily production norms.

Pavel Nikolayevich Vasilenko from the “2nd Five-Year Plan” collective farm plowed 0.47-0.52 hectares on cows in one day, PI Solodovnikov from the “Country of Soviets” collective farm plowed 0.45-0.50 hectares, Elena Kryukova from the 23rd Anniversary of October collective farm plowed 28 hectares in 68 working days instead of 20 at the norm.

The collective farmers of Zavidovsky, Lukhaninsky, Dmitrievsky, Alekseevsky and other village councils, not having enough tax to bring seeds to collective farms, themselves delivered (carried) grain from Tomarovka station to the fields where they sowed this grain. "

Before the war, the Tomarovsky district was famous for its high grain yields, and sugar beets produced large harvests. After the war, the Tomarians had to start from scratch. This is what is said in the same report of the first secretary: “... Brigades and units were created again, which were called upon to resolve all issues in production. In preparation for the spring of 1944, 179 field brigades and 795 units were created. "

Raising the area from ruins, the working people rendered every possible assistance to the front. They took an active part in the implementation of the money and clothing lottery in 1944 and raised 1,176,000 rubles for defense. We signed up for the 3rd state military loan in the amount of 2,884,000 rubles and deposited all the money at once. Fundraising for the construction of the Kursk Kolkhoznik combat aircraft squadron was especially enthusiastic. Workers of the district contributed 1,860,000 rubles.

In response to this patriotic upsurge, I. Stalin sent a telegram addressed to the secretary of the RK VKP (b) and the chairman of the district executive committee: “Say hello to the working people who collected 1,860,000 rubles for the construction of the Kursk Kolkhoznik combat aircraft squadron. Fraternal greetings, thanks to the Red Army. I. Stalin ".

This telegram inspired the workers of the region, and they additionally collected another 583,000 rubles.

After the war, the Tomarites had to work hard to clear the fields of shells, mines, and wrecked cars. The craftsmen collected agricultural implements and tractors from the wreckage. In the post-war year, collective farm workers actively participated in the All-Russian socialist competition for the fulfillment of the tasks of the fourth five-year plan. Both old people and children took part in the sowing of the first post-war year.

In 1946, there was a severe drought. The state provided assistance to the region in the form of a food loan. This help caused a new upsurge in labor. In the spring, people went out on cows to sow. Collective farmer Evdokia Kalashnikova invited Praskovya Koshubina to plow the land on her cows. The initiative was supported. Field work was completed on time, although the children lost some of their milk. But the Tomarites put the interests of the collective economy above the personal ones.

That year, the collective farm collected 15.3 centners of grain from each hectare. It was a good harvest. The collective farm was able to fulfill the plan for winter sowing, it fully provided itself with seeds.

During the second occupation by the Germans, Tomarovka was badly damaged. But immediately after their release, the Tomarites energetically set about restoring their native village. In incredibly difficult conditions, a peaceful life was getting better. People rebuilt their houses, and some of the local industry enterprises were put into operation.

During the war, some buildings of the poultry farm were damaged by bombing. During the occupation, the Germans used the premises of the enterprise as a transshipment or temporary storage facility, so the refrigerator building remained intact. After the liberation of Tomarovka from the Nazis, the restoration of the poultry plant began. Fyodor Trofimovich Katunin was appointed the first director after the Great Patriotic War. Within two years, almost everything was restored.

The school building was badly damaged, it was impossible to restore it. In August 1943, the surviving building of the former seven-year school was restored by the efforts of teachers and students. Here on September 1, classes began for high school students. Classes were held in two shifts with kerosene lamps. There were not enough notebooks, pencils. The younger grades of the school were located in another building. The director of the school from 1943 to 1945 was K.G. Kuzubova, there were 26 teachers at the school.

In 1944, the first post-war graduation took place. Among 18 graduates there were 17 girls and 1 boy. In 1945, for the first time, graduates began to be handed over "certificates of maturity" of a new type. Only a commission of teachers with higher education could take exams from graduates, and since there was only one teacher with a higher education in the Tomarov school (E.P. Baryshnikova), the graduates were sent to sit exams in the city of Belgorod. Of the 15 graduates, only four passed the exams: Vera Dobrunova, Vera Oleinikova, Nadya Ivanchikhina and Lida Tyschenko.

In May 1947, Viktor Alekseevich Kalashnikov was demobilized from the army, and on July 1, by order of Oblono, he was appointed director of the Tomarovskaya secondary school. In this position, Viktor Alekseevich worked until 1965.

In the post-war years, when a lot of all kinds of problems were overcome, much attention was paid to health care.

“The government and the party show great concern for mothers. At the end of last year, a maternity hospital was opened in the village of Dragunskoye. This year it is planned to open maternity hospitals in Butovo and Dmitrievka. There is a dairy kitchen in the region, from which children receive additional food. " (Stalin's call. 1946. March 8).

After the war in Tomarovka, out of 3 churches, only one remained - Kazan. Priest Dmitry Fomin, who served in the church since 1947 for 10 years, made great efforts to restore the temple after the Great Patriotic War.

Libraries were burned down during the second German occupation. It was possible to restore them after the war. The funds were small. During the war years, people yearned for books. The librarians of the adult library A. N. Miroshnikova and T. A. Belyaeva recall: “There was a great craving for reading among the population. There were many readers then (2.5 thousand people), and the fund was small. There was a queue for many books. The books were treated carefully, carefully. There were always people in the reading room. The newspapers were read to the holes. "

Fifties of the XX century

And life, moving forward, set new tasks for people. The year 1950 has come, the year of transformation in the country's agriculture. Tomarovka also did not stand aside.

"Giant collective farm named after Kirov." Under this heading, the newspaper "Stalin's Call" for July 27, 1950 tells about the merger into one farm of Tomarov agricultural artels named after Voroshilov, Kuibyshev, Krasnaya Polyana, Pushkarsky collective farm named after Kirov and Kustovsky - "Proletarian". The giant collective farm has 1,087 collective farm members, 7,075 hectares of farmland, including 5,582 hectares of arable land. IV Filippenko got the presidential burden here.

On the farms two weeks earlier, the consolidation of farms also took place: “On the basis of the agricultural cartels“ Zhovtneva Revolution ”of the Kozychevsky Village Council,“ Country of Soviets ”,“ Second Five-Year Plan ”and“ Red Warrior ”of the Dubininsky Village Council, the collective farm“ Country of Soviets ”was created. Comrade Golosovsky "(Stalin's call. 1950, July 20 (No. 59).

In 1959, the lands of the Strana Soviets collective farm were annexed to the Kirov collective farm, as a result of which the Strana Soviets collective farm ceased to exist. As a result of this cooperation, a relatively large collective farm named after Kirov was formed, which united all Tomarov and khutor farms.

The collective farm chairman I. V. Filippenko enjoyed well-deserved respect at that time. A group of collective farmers was awarded orders and medals. The income of the collective farm has increased. The farm bought powerful equipment at its own expense in connection with the reorganization of the MTS.

In 1960, an average of 19.2 centners of grain were harvested from each hectare on an area of ​​1,970 hectares. The collective farm was awarded the Challenging Red Banner.

On December 24, 1962, on the basis of the decision of the Belgorod Regional Council of Working People's Deputies, the Kirov collective farm was renamed into the Michurin collective farm. And on February 6, 1964, by the decision of the regional executive committee, the collective farm was renamed again - now into the collective farm "Russia". This year the collective farm was located within the boundaries of the Borisov region, and Nikolai Rodionovich Shirlin was its chairman.

On January 12, 1965, the collective farm "Russia" was on the territory of the formed Yakovlevsky district.

In order to master the design capacity of the pig-breeding complex, to create conditions for its normal operation, in July 1965 the Iskra collective farm was added to the farm. The new farm was named "Friendship" at the request of the collective farmers. Shirlin Nikolai Rodionovich was elected chairman of the collective farm.

At the end of 1965, the Druzhba collective farm consisted of 30 tractors, 20 grain harvesters, 49 cars, 37 electric motors, and 231 horses.

Based on 100 hectares of farmland, fixed assets accounted for 21.3 thousand rubles, and for one worker - 1.5 thousand. The gross output per 100 hectares of farmland is 25.8 thousand rubles, including livestock products - by 14.5 thousand rubles, and crop production - by 11.3 thousand.

If in the first years of the existence of the collective farms, which became the forefathers of the collective farm "Druzhba", they did not have a single agricultural specialist, then by the end of the 60s more than 20 specialists had higher and secondary specialized education. The collective farm trained itself personnel: it sent its workers to study in institutes and technical schools.

In 1968 the farm was headed by Alexander Terentyevich Samofalov. For high achievements in the development of the economy, he was awarded the Orders of the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor, and many medals.

Significant success came in 1972 - the collective farm received 22.9 centners of grain from each hectare, 238 centners of corn for silage. From each cow we received 2,462 kilograms of milk. We sold 21,631 centners of meat to the state, the plan was fulfilled by 100.5 percent. The plan for the sale of milk was fulfilled by 103.3 percent, the net profit was 1 million 160 thousand rubles.

The success of the collective farm was highly appreciated by the Yakovlevsky District Party Committee and the District Executive Committee, which awarded the collective farm with the Red Banner. The Druzhba collective farm received the second All-Russian monetary prize in the amount of 6,300 rubles. Ten members of the collective farm received government awards for winning the competition.

In 1980, the Druzhba collective farm was one of the best pork production complexes in the region. About 50 thousand centners of meat were sold to the state.

Thanks to the colossal increase in the mechanization of labor in the field and on the farm, in the 80s almost half the number of workers produced almost three times more products than in the 60s. With the maximum use of the available opportunities - high output of machines, the introduction of all organic fertilizers - the collective farm managed to achieve the best indicators in its production activities. This is confirmed by a report for 1988: “That year the collective farm had 16,069 hectares of farmland, including 13,445 hectares of arable land. Hayfields - 1,020 hectares, pastures - 1,550 hectares, household plots - 472 hectares, irrigated land - 596 hectares, reclaimed land - 298 hectares and 34 hectares of ponds.

Cattle - 5,555 heads, including cows - 2,000 heads, pigs - 49,025 heads, horses - 80.

In 1988, they harvested 171,430 centners of grain, dug up 238,160 centners of sugar beets and 159,189 centners of root crops, prepared 10,336 centners of hay, 213,997 centners of silage.

In the reporting year, the collective farm sold 4,769 centners of cattle and 49,025 centners of pigs for meat. The milk yield was 64,736 centners. ”

All this became possible because the collective farm had 145 tractors of various brands and modifications, 48 ​​combines, 107 cars. The fixed assets of the economy amounted to 31,412 thousand rubles at 1988 prices.

The successes of the collective farm became possible thanks to the work of collective farmers (there were 894 people), leaders (25) and specialists (65).

For this period, the collective farm had more than 40 people awarded with high government awards, the best of them have two or three such awards. Three orders shine on the chest of the most experienced leader of the mechanized detachment No. 4 N. M. Yurchenko, two - on the chest of the head of the mechanized detachment No. 2 V. Ye. Fanin and on the chest of the honorary collective farmer I. F. Lakhnov. The head of the reproductive pig farm, delegate to the XXV Congress of the CPSU, zootechnician Samarchenkyu Zinaida Ilinichna for her contribution to the development of the economy was awarded the high title of Hero of Socialist Labor. The leader, machine operator Vladimir Nikolayevich Guchenko, delegate to the XXVI Congress of the CPSU, was awarded three Orders of Labor Glory.

Since 1988, a radical restructuring of economic relations began. The Druzhba collective farm was one of the first in the region to switch to a collective contract with a lease basis.

By switching over to new economic management calculations, the collective farm has noticeably grown economically. Full cost accounting was built on a lease basis. The relationship between the self-supporting subdivisions and the management of the collective farm was built on the principle of purchase and sale using the calculated on-farm prices.

Since the beginning of the 90s, agriculture, like the entire economy, over the years of reforms has suffered a deep crisis: the paralysis of power, the severance of all economic ties. The collective farm was left alone with an enormous amount of work, especially in field cultivation, in the processing of sugar beets and vegetables. Due to the impossibility of attracting workers from the outside, there was no one to carry out additional cleaning of the roots of sugar beet, it deteriorated in piles, there were uncleared areas.

So the collective farm entered into market relations.

On October 9, 1991, at a meeting of the board, the issue “On forms of land ownership” was considered. The collective farm board chose a collective-share form of ownership and recommended to the meeting of authorized representatives to approve its decision. Which was done at the next meeting. And in 1994, A. T. Samofalov resigned from the post of chairman, handing over the reins of government to Alexander Nikolaevna Ermolenko, under which the collective farm "Druzhba" on December 25, 1965 was transformed into an SEC (agricultural production cooperative).

Poultry processing plant. Meat processing plant

In the 50-60s, the material and technical base of the enterprise was significantly strengthened. In addition to poultry, the slaughter of sheep, pigs and cattle began. A meat-processing production was established.

Since 1958, the enterprise has firmly established itself as a meat processing plant, the purpose of which was the processing of livestock and poultry, the production of meat products. The director of the meat processing plant since 1954 (worked for 23 years) Voronin Konstantin Petrovich put a lot of effort and energy into the development of production, strengthening the material and technical base, improving technological processes.

From January 1991 to October 1992, the company operated on lease. Since October, on the basis of the privatization plan, the collective bought out the property of the enterprise and became a closed joint stock company.

Since 1992, despite the negative phenomena in the country's economy, the administration of the enterprise (director N. A. Samoilov) has done everything to ensure that the enterprise not only survived, but also worked and expanded. In 1995, a new canning workshop was built, with a capacity of 12 thousand cans per shift. The production technology was rebuilt, according to market conditions, the production of competitive products was established, the range of products was significantly expanded. The plant produced more than a hundred types of meat and sausage products.

Dairy

One of the oldest enterprises in Tomarovka - the creamery - just as slowly but surely went from handicraft production to a modern profitable enterprise.

The design capacity of the plant when it was launched in 1955 was 3 thousand tons of milk per year. The plant was gradually re-equipped, its processing capacity increased, but it was a highly specialized enterprise and 90% of the total production was butter, 8% skimmed milk powder and casein, 2% whole milk products. In 1975, the plant was reconstructed in order to produce whole milk products for the city of Belgorod and ship sour cream and cottage cheese to Moscow. The capacities of refrigeration equipment were increased, the equipment of the reception and apparatus department was updated.

In 1977, an inter-collective farm shop for a whole milk substitute was built with the installation of film dryers, with a total capacity of 3 tons of milk powder per day. This solved the problem of a more complete, complex processing of milk, the district farms in the off-season were provided with a dry whole milk substitute for feeding young animals. The marketability of milk on collective farms has increased significantly. The plant at that time already processed 27 thousand tons per year and was one of the leading enterprises in the region.

All this time, the enterprise was headed permanently by Aleksey Dmitrievich Lopatin, who worked at the plant from the beginning of its start-up until 1985 as a director.

In 1985 the drying shop was reconstructed. A spray dryer was installed and milk thickening capacities were increased. The capacity of the workshop has increased to 7 tons of milk powder per day, and its quality has significantly improved.

All the workshops of the enterprise were gradually re-equipped. An automatic line for the production of cottage cheese with a capacity of 2.5 tons per day, self-discharging separators was installed. A line for the production of casein was installed, which made it possible to significantly improve its quality and go out with this product for export. In 1991, the enterprise exported more than 200 tons of technical casein and had a freely convertible currency on its off-balance sheet account, due to which the West German line for the production of Zvezdny cheese was purchased and put into operation in 1993.

In 1991, the plant built a garage with utility rooms and a new administrative building for the plant.

The capacity of the enterprise has reached 30 thousand tons of milk per year.

The development of the market, strong competition both on the raw material market and on the food market, and the decline in milk production on collective farms have significantly reduced the amount of processed milk. The plant's products became uncompetitive, an urgent need to change the assortment and direction.

In the early 60s, thousands of cars arrived in our region. During operation, an urgent need arose for their overhaul. The regional association “Selkhoztekhnika” decided to build an auto repair plant on the basis of the Tomarovsk branch of “Selkhoztekhnika”. In 1967, such a plant was built and on July 1, it accepted for repair the first cars of the GAZ type belonging to the collective and state farms of the region.

As time went. The brands of cars were changed for more advanced ones, the volume of work increased. The plant was upset, the old workshops were reconstructed.

In 1980, the plant began to produce a new type of product - water towers of the Rozhnovsky BR-15A.

With the transition to the market, the number of orders decreased, as well as the overall fleet of vehicles at enterprises and farms. The only way out was structural reprofiling. From the day of its foundation, the plant was 90% focused on the repair of cars of the same type, but already in the perestroika years it became obvious that the overhaul of the car would "die" over time. Repairs have been kept to a minimum.

The plant began a slow transition from the repair of the entire range of agricultural implements and equipment to its production.

The enterprise specialists have developed and introduced into serial production a seeder loader, a pusher-pusher for harvesting hay and straw, a four-row potato planter, a hiller for inter-row processing of sunflower and corn.

MSO - inter-collective farm construction organization

In the post-war period, the Way Forward (Blacksmithing) business began to expand. A new carpentry shop was built, in which doors, windows, floorboards were made for the population. Since 1950, they began to make tables, soft sofas, chairs.

In the early 60s, the industrial cartel was divided into two independent organizations: a furniture factory and a construction and repair enterprise.

New workshops were built for the furniture factory. The factory produced various types of furniture. The products were sold to various regions of our country. Tomar's kitchen sets were in great demand among consumers.

In 1959, an interkolkhoz construction organization was formed in Tomarovka. It was created on the initiative and at the expense of the collective farms of the Tomarovsky district shareholders. At first, the company was engaged, in addition to repairing livestock buildings, fattening cattle on an inter-collective farm basis. The management of this organization was carried out by the council of collective farm chairmen. In the period between the convocations of the council, current issues were decided by its chairman. Throughout the history of the construction organization, three chairmen were elected, but Chursin Viktor Andreevich is considered the "father" of the enterprise, under whom "Mezhkolkhozstroy" turned into a purely construction organization. Under his leadership, the main base of the MPMK was created.

In just five years - from 1965 to 1970 - the builders put into operation 363 objects.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 26, 1971, for the successes achieved in the construction of industrial, household and cultural facilities on collective farms, the Tomarovskaya SMO was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.

In 1976, the Tomarovskaya MSO was renamed into MPMK. On July 1, 1993, MPMK was transformed into AOZT "Tomarovskaya PMK".

Bakery

The bakery also began as a very small bakery back in the 1920s. During the war, the bakery was almost completely destroyed. In 1944–48, the main workshops were restored, and in 1958 a new plant was rebuilt. Capacities were increased every year, the range of products was expanded.

In 1982, the plant opened a new workshop for the production of drinks. In 1980, a confectionery shop was opened, and in 1982 a new electric furnace KEP-400 was installed in it. This made it possible for the plant to start producing new types of products: Bukharsky nan, Shakhmatny cake, Souvenir gingerbread, Uralochka cake and others.

In 1994, two stores were opened in Tomarovka to sell their products, selling the company's products.

Sport

Physical education and sports have always been an integral part of the life of the Tomarites. The development of the material and technical base of the 70s contributed to the strengthening of mass physical culture and sports work, healthy recreation of the population. In Tomarovka there are 3 large sports halls, a stadium, 3 gyms, a sports shooting range.

At different times, preference was given to various sports, and the Tomarians always had good sports results. In 1959, Vasily Gnedykh was the first regional weightlifting champion among rural athletes of the Urozhay DSO.

At that time, a strong and friendly team of weightlifters gathered in Tomarovka. Yuri Makhnov fulfilled the norm of a master of sports by taking part in the championship of the Armed Forces. Nikolay Lomov is a candidate for master of sports. Vladimir Eremenko fulfilled the 1st category norm.

Success in athletics is evidenced by victories in regional competitions. Kalashnikov Viktor (master of sports in high jumping) took first place, Artyomenko Mikhail fulfilled the norm of master of sports in javelin throw.

But football was a constant passion of the Tomarites. A very strong team was in 1966. N. Falkov, N. Bannikov, I. Malikov, A. Ivanchikhin stood out for their play. It was at this time that our players achieved the loudest victory. Belgorod “Spartak”, one of the strongest teams in the region, was beaten with a score of 4: 1. The meeting took place at the Tomarov stadium with a huge crowd of people.

In the 70s, a new generation came to replace: V. Nezhurin, M. Bondarev, Yu. Rogulin, A. Sodovoy (regional champion in skiing).

In the 90s, the football boom began again in Tomarovka. The teams took part in tournaments dedicated to various significant dates and wonderful fellow countrymen, and had good performance. Coaches I. I. Malikov (three of his pupils played in the team of masters), A. D. Grukolenko put their professional knowledge into all the victories.

The volleyball team of the village (coach Yu. A. Polyakov) has always been the undisputed champion of the region.

On May 20-21, 1989 in the regional center, the first working sports meeting of regional physical education teams of industrial enterprises and rural organizations was held. A team of Tomarov volleyball players also took part in the competition. She took first place, won the cup, and was awarded a diploma. On August 3–12, volleyball players took part in competitions at the Exhibition of Economic Achievements of the city of Moscow.

The sporting achievements of the Tomarians gained not only regional, but also all-Russian fame.

The history of Tomar's judo begins in 1984.

A pupil of the sports school for children and youth Vitaly Bondarenko was a 2-time winner of the Russian championship in 1989, was a participant in the USSR championship. Master of Sports V. Bondarenko now works as a coach himself. His students also participate in many major tournaments and competitions and achieve high results. Fisko Oleg (master of sports) was a prize-winner of the South of Russia in 1990. Chuprynin Eduard (candidate for master of sports) is a multiple winner of regional and all-Union competitions. All this is an indicator of the work of a person who is selflessly devoted to his work, of high professional skill, a coach S. I. Kovalev.

In 1995, the Tomarovka village administration included farms: Makhnov, Tsykhmanov, Fedorenkov, Kislenko, Semin, Rogovoy, Bolokhov. The total area of ​​the territory was 1,118 hectares. The total population is 7,770 people, including 100 farmsteads. The total number of farmsteads is 2,770, of which 55 farmsteads are on farms.

The territory is located: various enterprises - 18, trade enterprises - 16, schools - 3, libraries - 3, a kindergarten, a church, a railway station, a hospital.

The documents of the capital's archives testify that on March 1, 1709, “the Belgorod Archpriest Ivan Andreevich, his son the Karpov nobleman Boris Ivanovich and the clergyman Vasily Ivanovich Tomarovs, while on a campaign in the Little Russian Territory,” laid their estates for Korochansk P.A. Solodilov ... “And I, Boris, founded the village of Tomarovka in the Karpovsky district, and in it the Church of God with all the utensils, two courtyards of the patrimonials with every courtyard and mansion structure, and 71 Cherkasy courtyards with every courtyard and mansion structure, and bread and local land ... ". In June of the same 1709, the new owner of Tomarovka - P.A. Solodilov mortgaged the Tomarov estate, taking 600 rubles from the attorney of Count Gavrila Ivanovich Golovkin. So in the year of the Battle of Poltava, the Tomarov estate passed to the associate of Peter I, Chancellor G.I. Golovkin, who continued to buy up land and estates in Karpovsky and neighboring Belgorod and Hotmyzhsky districts.

In 1841 in Tomarovka, the Church of the Archangel Michael was built, in 1859 - the Nikolaevsky temple, in 1869 - the Kazan church (see). The tenth revision recorded in the slob. T. “4112 male souls. floor ". In 1862, in the largest settlement of the Belgorod district of T. - 1206 households, 8847 inhabitants (4373 men, 4474 women), 2 markets a week and 5 fairs a year. According to the documents of the house-to-house census of the fall of 1884: Belgorod district, volost sl. Tomarovka - 1478 households "peasants sob. b. book Saltykov-Golovkin ”, 8599 inhabitants (4343 men, 4256 women), 648 literate men. and 42 wives. from 459 families; Slobozhanians have 1197 workers. horses and 124 foals, 1015 cows (“15 cows died in 1884”) and 387 calves, 509 sheep and 168 pigs, 7 householders had bees - 183 hives, in the settlement - 81 “industrial establishments”, 20 trade shops, 17 taverns and taverns.

In Tomarovskaya volost "there are 18 villages in which there are 3 land communities": sl. T., Tomarovskie farms (Khvorostyanoy, Sosnov, Krinichny, Makogonov, Zdesenkov, Dundin, Dubinin, Kislyakov, Chekanov, Kozachev, Kaidashov, Neushkov, Vlasenkov, Solodovnikov, Rozhkov and Volokhov) and Lakhtenka farm (46 households of state quarter peasants). “The parish is predominantly of an industrial nature, because the historical circumstances, the convenient position and the overcrowding of the population have long made sl. Tomarovka is the central tract for the trade in bread and products of the local handicraft industry. As a result, out of the total number of families, only 63.3% cultivate allotment land (together with Tomarovskie khutors 6267 dessiatines of “black soil, clay and sand.” - B.O.) themselves, with their own equipment, the remaining 36.7% or lease it is either worked for hire, devoting all their time to fishing and trade. Insufficiency of the allotment, which is only 4 dozen, also prevents tilling. to the yard, and the lack of hayfields necessary to feed the draft animals, without which farming is unthinkable.

Due to all this, the peasants of the Tomar volost, especially the Tomar residents, have to earn their livelihood mainly not by agriculture, but by various trades and earnings. Of the crafts that exist here, shibai is especially widespread - a type of small trade ... The relatively high literacy rate (9.3%) in the volost is explained mainly by this industrial spirit of local residents and partly by a significant number of schools themselves (2 schools in Tomarovka and 2 in farms). “Tomarovskaya 1st school was founded in 1861 at the request of the peasants and is located in the building of the local owner, which was formerly used as an almshouse. Before the opening of the school, the children studied at the local church clergy, as well as at the school of Prince Saltykov.

The first time of its existence (the beginning of the 1860s - B.O.) the school was located in the apartment of the priest O. Slyunin, then under the volost government, from where, after the fire, it was transferred to the present premises, considered temporary ... surprise - how can 134 people fit in these little rooms ?! The room is cold - the ovens do not heat up well, the windows are blowing. The school has only the most necessary textbooks - the library has burned down ... Only the children of Tomarovka peasants go to school ... Tomarovskaya 2nd school was founded in 1869 at the request of the peasants of the Nikolaev parish of sl. Tomarovka; placed at the church gatehouse, temporarily. In addition to the classroom, the room has a cold dressing room; there is no apartment for the teacher. The classroom is cold; there is very little light. There is no library; even the necessary textbooks are not available in sufficient quantities.

Annual classes are held from October 1st to June 1st. A teacher who graduated from the course of the Belgorod Gymnasium. The tightness of the premises forces the teacher to refuse admission to a large number of children every year. Tomarovskaya women's (private) school (opened in 1881) ... is located in the founder's own house (priest Malyarevsky), where, in addition to one classroom, there are spare rooms. The teacher's apartment consists of one room 8x6 arsh ... In this building, except for the school, nothing fits. The classroom is spacious and bright ... The school is guided by a program common to all elementary public schools; but besides, girls are taught sewing and knitting ... Annual classes are held from August 15 to June 15, daily from 8 am to 2 ...

The school is supported entirely at the expense of the founder ... It seems very strange for sl. Tomarovka there is an insignificant number of girls in this school (25-30) - the reasons are not clear. Maybe wages are beyond the reach of the peasants? " In 1885, the construction of the Belgorod - Gotnya - Sumy railway began and was completed in 1903, which passed through T. By 1890 in the sl. Tomarovka - 11276 inhabitants (5790 men, 5486 women). In 1910 in T. - almost 15 thousand inhabitants (about 8 thousand men and 7 thousand women), 5148 houses (22 stone under iron, 5126 wooden), 3 churches, a hospital, a pharmacy, 14 hotels and courtyards for visitors, 14 taverns and taverns, 2 beer shops, 5 timber warehouses, 3 cemeteries. In the settlement there are developed “leather and boot and, in a very small size, saddlery. There are icon painters. ”(See)

On November 12-13, 1917, the power of the Soviets was established in the settlement. Soon, battles unfolded near T. with the Cossack and officer units of General Kornilov, who were retreating to the south after the defeat at Petrograd. These were some of the very first battles of the Civil War. On March 25, 1918, Tomarovka was occupied by the Germans and the Haidamaks ... In 1924, Tomarovskaya volost was struck by a drought - "the spring crops were completely destroyed, and the winter crops produced from 30 pounds to 2.5 poods per heap." The next, 1925, turned out to be fruitful, and an agricultural exhibition was even held in T. (similar exhibitions were organized in Belgorod, Prokhorovka, and Shebekino). In July 1928, the Tomarovsky District was formed. In the early 1930s, the territory of the district was 782 sq. km, in 98 settlements - 63,097 inhabitants; 25 village councils: Alekseevsky, Butovsky, Vysokovsky, Glinsky, Dmitrievsky, Dobrovolsky, Dragunsky, Dubininsky, Zavidovsky, Zadelensky, Kazatsky, Kalininsky, Kozmodemyansky, Kozychevsky, Kustovskoy, Lukhaninsky, Moshchensky, Nevedomo-Kolodetsky, Serveletsky, Pushkin 1 1st and Tomarovsky 2nd, Cherkassky and Yakovlevsky.

To the slob. Tomarovka as of January 1, 1932 - 10702 inhabitants (in Tomarovsky 1st village council 4848, in Tomarovsky 2nd 5854). During collectivization, 72 collective farms were created in the region; T. - 5: im. Voroshilov, them. Kirov, them. Kuibyshev, Krasnaya Polyana and Proletary. In the spring of 1932, the chairman of the Tomarovsky 1st Village Council I.V. Perevochaev. In the same 1932, "labor force was recruited for the construction of the South Pipe Metallurgical Plant" in the region. By the early 1940s. in T. - House of culture, library, secondary and two seven-year schools. June 1941. Volunteers leave T. for the front ... Thousands of collective farmers worked on the construction of defensive fortifications. From August 20 to October 15, 1941, an anti-tank ditch with a length of about 100 km was built on the territory of the Tomarovsky region.

4,000 collective farmers took part, they carried out 240 thousand cubic meters of earthwork, procured and brought 1200 cubic meters of timber to the construction site, from which they prepared 150,000 stakes. "All members of the regional party organization, who did not go to the front in the first days of the war, became part of the extermination battalion and detachments of the people's militia and carried the protection of socialist property from plunder and sabotage." On October 24, 1941, German invaders entered T. On February 12, 1943, the settlement was liberated, but on March 17 it was again captured by the Nazis. Liberation came only on August 6, 1943.

The victorious operation of the Soviet troops - "Boiler near Tomarovka" entered the history of the Great Patriotic War as a glorious page ... On March 2, 1944, the Tomarovskaya regional newspaper "Stalin's Call" published a letter from the Supreme Commander-in-Chief to the Secretary of the Tomarovskiy District Party Committee and the Chairman of the District Executive Committee on February 24, 1944. : “Send to the working people of the Tomarovsky region, who have collected 1,860,000 rubles for the construction of the Kursk Kolkhoznik combat aircraft squadron, my fraternal greetings and gratitude to the Red Army. Joseph Stalin"...

In the spring of the same 1944, 1,500 books from the city of Sverdlovsk were received at the Tomarovsk regional library, which was ravaged by the war. Tomarovsky district in the second half of the 1950s: 764 sq. km, 80 villages, villages and farms, 14 village councils: Alekseevsky, Butovsky, Dmitrievsky, Dragunsky, Dubininsky, Zavidovsky, Cossack, Kozma-Demianovsky, Kustovsky, Moshchensky, Pushkarsky, Streletsky, Tomarovsky and Yakovlevsky. In 1959 the Tomarovskaya mobile mechanic was organized. column for the construction of production and housing in the countryside. In the 1960s, a meat processing plant, a dairy plant, and a bakery were operating in Tatarstan. In December 1962, the Tomarovsky district was "liquidated", in January 1965 the working village of Tomarovka became part of the new Yakovlevsky district.

In 1965, three Tomarov collective farms (named after Voroshilov, Iskra and Russia) merged into a specialized farm "Druzhba", which in the 1970s-1990s. was one of the leading pork farms in the region. In 1968, T. received the status of an urban-type settlement. According to the census data in T. on January 17, 1979 - 6706 inhabitants, on January 12. 1989 - 7138 (3247 men, 3891 women). In 1995, in T. - AOZTomarovskaya PMK, a car repair plant "Tomarovskiy", AOZT "Tommoloko" and "Tommyaso", a pig-breeding collective farm "Druzhba", a printing house, an oil depot, an enterprise for the production of building materials, a furniture shop, state. seed test. station, bakery, regional hospital, House of culture, library, secondary school.

In 1996, the construction of a new 3-floor school building was completed. In 1997, the village. T. in the Yakovlevsky district is the center of the Tomarovskaya village administration, to which 7 farms are subordinate: Volokhov (30 inhabitants), Kislenko (9), Makhnov (2), Rogovoy (22), Semin (14), Fedorenkov (74) and Tsykhmanov (4 live.). On December 30, 1997, a new modern House of Culture was inaugurated in T. In 1998 in T. - 7.9 thousand inhabitants, in 2000 - 8.1 thousand, in 2002 - 8.2 thousand, in 2008 - 8.1 thousand. In 2010 urban settlement type Tomarovka (8 thousand inhabitants) c - the center of an urban settlement, which includes 7 more farms: Volokhov (47 inhabitants), Kislenko (4), Makhnov (0), Rogovoy (19), Semin (8), Fedorenkov (13) and Tsykhmanov (3).