When receiving substances and materials, application, storage, transportation, processing and disposal.

To establish requirements fire safety to the design of buildings, structures and systems fire protection classification is used building materials By fire danger.

Indicators of fire and explosion hazard and fire hazard of substances and materials

List of indicators necessary to assess the fire and explosion hazard and fire hazard of substances and materials depending on their state of aggregation, is given in Table 1 of the Appendix to Federal law FZ-123 (" Technical regulations on fire safety").

Methods for determining indicators of fire and explosion hazard and fire hazard of substances and materials are established regulatory documents on fire safety.

Indicators of fire and explosion hazard and fire hazard of substances and materials are used to establish requirements for the use of substances and materials and calculate fire risk.

List of indicators necessary to assess the fire hazard of substances and materials depending on their state of aggregation

Fire danger indicator	Substances and materials in various states of aggregation			Dust
	gaseous	liquid	hard
Safe experimental maximum clearance, millimeter	+	+	-	+
Release of toxic combustion products per unit mass of fuel, kilogram per kilogram	-	+	+	-
Flammability group	-	-	+	-
Flammability group	+	+	+	+
Flame propagation group	-	-	+	-
Smoke generation coefficient, square meter per kilogram	-	+	+	-
Flame emissivity	+	+	+	+
Fire and explosion hazard index, Pascal per meter per second	-	-	-	+
Flame Spread Index	-	-	+	-
Oxygen index, volume percent	-	-	+	-
Concentration limits of flame propagation (ignition) in gases and vapors, volume percentages, dusts, kilogram per cubic meter	+	+	-	+
Concentration limit diffusion combustion gas mixtures in the air, volume percentage	+	+	-	-
Critical surface density heat flow, Watt per square meter	-	+	+	-
Linear speed of flame propagation, meter per second	-	-	+	-
Maximum speed of flame propagation along the surface flammable liquid, meter per second	-	+	-	-
Maximum explosion pressure, Pascal	+	+	-	+
Minimum phlegmatizing concentration of gaseous phlegmatizing agent, volume percentage	+	+	-	+
Minimum ignition energy, Joule	+	+	-	+
Minimum explosive oxygen content, volume percentage	+	+	-	+
Lower working heat of combustion, kilojoule per kilogram	+	+	+	-
Normal flame propagation speed meter per second	+	+	-	-
Indicator of toxicity of combustion products, gram per cubic meter	+	+	+	+
Oxygen consumption per unit mass of fuel, kilogram per kilogram	-	+	+	-
The maximum speed of breakdown of the diffusion torch, meter per second	+	+	-	-
Explosion pressure rise rate, megaPascal per second	+	+	-	+
Ability to burn when interacting with water, air oxygen and other substances	+	+	+	+
Ignition ability under adiabatic compression	+	+	-	-
Capacity for spontaneous combustion	-	-	+	+
Exothermic decomposition ability	+	+	+	+
Ignition temperature, degrees Celsius	-	+	+	+
Flash point, degrees Celsius	-	+	-	-
Self-ignition temperature, degrees Celsius	+	+	+	+
Smoldering temperature, degrees Celsius	-	-	+	+
Temperature limits of flame propagation (ignition), degrees Celsius	-	+	-	-
Specific mass burnout rate, kilogram per second per square meter	-	+	+	-
Specific heat of combustion, Joule per kilogram	+	+	+	+

Classification of substances and materials ( excluding construction, textile and leather materials) according to fire danger

Classification of substances and materials by fire hazard is based on their properties and ability to form hazardous factors fire or explosion.

Based on flammability, substances and materials are divided into the following groups:
1) non-flammable- substances and materials that are unable to burn in air. Non-flammable substances can be fire-explosive (for example, oxidizers or substances that release flammable products when interacting with water, air oxygen, or with each other);
2) flame retardant- substances and materials capable of burning in air when exposed to an ignition source, but unable to burn independently after its removal;
3) flammable- substances and materials capable of spontaneous combustion, as well as ignite under the influence of an ignition source and burn independently after its removal.

Test methods for the flammability of substances and materials are established by fire safety regulations.

Classification of construction, textile and leather materials by fire hazard

The classification of building, textile and leather materials by fire hazard is based on their properties and ability to form fire hazards.

The fire hazard of building, textile and leather materials is characterized by the following properties:
1) flammability;
2) flammability;
3) ability to spread flame over a surface;
4) smoke generating ability;
5) toxicity of combustion products.

Speed ​​of flame spread over the surface

According to the speed of flame spread over the surface, combustible building materials (including floor carpets) depending on the critical value surface density heat flow are divided into the following groups:

1) non-proliferative (RP1) having a critical surface heat flux density of more than 11 kilowatts per square meter;

2) low propagation (RP2) having a critical surface heat flux density of at least 8, but not more than 11 kilowatts per square meter;

3) moderate spreading (RP3) having a critical surface heat flux density of at least 5, but not more than 8 kilowatts per square meter;

4) highly propagating (RP4), having a critical surface heat flux density of less than 5 kilowatts per square meter..

Smoke generating ability

According to their smoke-generating ability, combustible building materials, depending on the value of the smoke generation coefficient, are divided into the following groups:

1) with low smoke-generating ability (D1) having a smoke generation coefficient of less than 50 square meters per kilogram;

2) with moderate smoke-generating ability (D2) having a smoke generation coefficient of at least 50, but not more than 500 square meters per kilogram;

3) with high smoke-generating ability (D3), having a smoke generation coefficient of more than 500 square meters per kilogram..

Toxicity

Based on the toxicity of combustion products, combustible building materials are divided into the following groups in accordance with table 2 appendices to Federal Law No. 123-FZ:

1) low-hazard (T1);
2) moderately hazardous (T2);
3) highly hazardous (T3);
4) extremely dangerous (T4).

Classification of combustible building materials according to the toxicity index of combustion products

Hazard class	Indicator of toxicity of combustion products depending on exposure time
	5 minutes	15 minutes	30 minutes	60 minutes
Low hazard	more than 210	more than 150	more than 120	more than 90
Moderately dangerous	more than 70, but not more than 210	more than 50, but not more than 150	more than 40, but not more than 120	more than 30, but not more than 90
Highly dangerous	more than 25, but not more than 70	more than 17, but not more than 50	more than 13, but not more than 40	more than 10, but not more than 30
Extremely dangerous	no more than 25	no more than 17	no more than 13	no more than 10

Classification of certain types of substances and materials

For floor carpets, the flammability group is not determined.

Based on flammability, textile and leather materials are divided into highly flammable and non-flammable. A fabric (non-woven fabric) is classified as a flammable material if the following conditions are met during testing:

1) the flame combustion time of any of the samples tested when ignited from the surface is more than 5 seconds;

2) any of the samples tested when ignited from the surface burns out to one of its edges;

3) cotton wool catches fire under any of the tested samples;

4) the surface flash of any of the samples extends more than 100 millimeters from the point of ignition from the surface or edge;

5) average length The charring area of ​​any of the samples tested when exposed to flame from the surface or edge is more than 150 millimeters.

To classify construction, textile and leather materials, the value of the flame propagation index (I) should be used - a conditional dimensionless indicator characterizing the ability of materials or substances to ignite, spread flame over the surface and generate heat. Based on flame propagation, materials are divided into the following groups:

1) not spreading flame over the surface, having a flame propagation index of 0;

2) slowly spreading flame over the surface, having a flame spread index of no more than 20;

3) quickly spreading flame over the surface, having a flame spread index of more than 20.

Test methods for determining fire hazard classification indicators for construction, textile and leather materials are established by fire safety regulations

Based on flammability, substances and materials are divided into three groups: non-flammable, slow-burning and flammable.

Non-flammable (hard to burn) - substances and materials that are not capable of burning in air. Non-flammable substances can be fire and explosion hazards.

Low-flammability (hard-to-burn) - substances and materials capable of burning in air when exposed to an ignition source, but not capable of burning independently after its removal.

Flammable (combustible)- substances and materials capable of spontaneous combustion, as well as ignite when exposed to an ignition source and burn independently after its removal.

All flammable substances are divided into the following main groups:

Combustible gases (GG) - substances capable of forming flammable and explosive mixtures with air at temperatures not exceeding 50° C. Flammable gases include individual substances: ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, butyl acetate, hydrogen, vinyl chloride, isobutane, isobutylene, methane, carbon monoxide, propane, propylene, hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde, as well as vapors of flammable and combustible liquids.

Flammable liquids (flammable liquids) - substances capable of burning independently after removal of the ignition source and having a flash point not higher than 61 ° C (in a closed crucible) or 66 ° (in an open crucible). These liquids include individual substances: acetone, benzene, hexane, heptane, dimethylforamide, difluorodichloromethane, isopentane, isopropylbenzene, xylene, methyl alcohol, carbon disulfide, styrene, acetic acid, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, ethylbenzene, ethyl alcohol, as well as mixtures and technical products gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, white alcohol, solvents.

Flammable liquids (FL) - substances capable of burning independently after removal of the ignition source and having a flash point above 61° (in a closed crucible) or 66° C (in an open crucible). Flammable liquids include the following individual substances: aniline, hexadecane, hexyl alcohol, glycerin, ethylene glycol, as well as mixtures and technical products, for example, oils: transformer oil, vaseline, castor oil.

Combustible dust(/77) - solid substances in a finely dispersed state. Combustible dust in the air (aerosol) is capable of forming explosive

3 Classification of premises according to fire safety

In accordance with the “All-Union Standards of Technological Design” (1995), buildings and structures in which production is located are divided into five categories (Table 5).

	Characteristics of substances and materials located (circulating) in the room
explosion-hazardous	Combustible gases, flammable liquids with a flash point of not more than 28 ° C in such quantities that they can form explosive vapor-gas-air mixtures, the ignition of which creates a calculated excess explosion pressure in the room exceeding 5 kPa. Substances and materials capable of exploding and burning when interacting with water, air oxygen, or one with the other in such quantities that the calculated overpressure explosion in the room exceeds 5 kPa.
explosion and fire hazard	Combustible dusts or fibers, flammable liquids with a flash point of more than 28 ° C, flammable liquids in such quantities that they can form explosive dust or steam-air mixtures, the ignition of which develops a calculated excess explosion pressure in the room exceeding 5 kPa.
fire hazardous	Flammable and low-flammable liquids, solid flammable and low-flammable substances and materials that can only burn when interacting with water, air oxygen or one another, provided that the premises in which they are available or handled do not belong to categories A or B
	Non-combustible substances and materials in a hot, incandescent or molten state, the processing of which is accompanied by the release of radiant heat, sparks and flames, flammable gases, liquids and solids that are burned or disposed of as fuel
	Non-combustible substances and materials in a cold state

Category A: shops for the processing and use of metallic sodium and potassium, oil refining and chemical production, warehouses for gasoline and cylinders for flammable gases, premises for stationary acid and alkaline battery installations, hydrogen stations, etc.

Flammability group– this is a classification characteristic of the ability of substances and materials to.

When determining the fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials (), there are :

• gases– these are substances whose saturated vapor pressure at a temperature of 25 °C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa exceeds 101.3 kPa;
• liquids– these are substances whose saturated vapor pressure at a temperature of 25 °C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa is less than 101.3 kPa. Liquids also include solid melting substances whose melting or dropping point is less than 50 °C.
• solids and materials– these are individual substances and their mixed compositions with a melting or dropping point greater than 50 ° C, as well as substances that do not have a melting point (for example, wood, fabrics, etc.).
• dust– These are dispersed solids and materials with a particle size of less than 850 microns.

One of the indicators of fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials is flammability group.

Substances and materials

According to GOST 12.1.044-89, according to flammability, substances and materials are divided into the following groups ( excluding construction, textile and leather materials):

1. Non-flammable.
2. Low-flammability.
3. Flammable.

Non-flammable – these are substances and materials that are unable to burn in air. Non-flammable substances can be fire-explosive (for example, oxidizers or substances that release flammable products when interacting with water, atmospheric oxygen, or with each other).

Low-flammability – these are substances and materials that can burn in air when exposed to an ignition source, but are unable to burn independently after it is removed.

Flammable – these are substances and materials that can spontaneously ignite, as well as ignite when exposed to an ignition source and burn independently after its removal.

The essence of the experimental method for determining flammability is to create temperature conditions, promoting combustion, and assessing the behavior of the substances and materials under study under these conditions.

Solid (including dust)

The material is classified as non-flammable if the following conditions are met:

• the arithmetic mean change in temperature in the oven, on the surface and inside the sample does not exceed 50 °C;
• the arithmetic mean value of mass loss for five samples does not exceed 50% of their mean value of the initial mass after conditioning;
• the arithmetic mean value of the duration of stable combustion of five samples does not exceed 10 s. The test results of five samples in which the duration of stable combustion is less than 10 s are taken equal to zero.

Based on the value of the maximum temperature increase (Δt max) and mass loss (Δm), materials are classified:

• flame retardant: Δt max< 60 °С и Δm < 60%;
• flammable: Δt max ≥ 60 °C or Δm ≥ 60%.

Combustible materials are divided depending on the time (τ) to reach (t max) into:

• hardly flammable: τ > 4 min;
• average flammability: 0.5 ≤ τ ≤ 4 min;
• flammable: τ< 0,5 мин.

Gases

Subject to availability concentration limits flame propagation gas is classified as flammable ; in the absence of concentration limits for flame propagation and the presence of a self-ignition temperature, the gas is classified as flame retardant ; in the absence of concentration limits for flame propagation and auto-ignition temperature, the gas is classified as non-flammable .

Liquids

If there is an ignition temperature, the liquid is classified as flammable ; in the absence of an ignition temperature and the presence of a self-ignition temperature, the liquid is classified as flame retardant . In the absence of flash points, ignition, self-ignition, temperature and concentration limits for flame propagation, the liquid is classified as non-flammable . Flammable liquids with a flash point of not more than 61 ° C in a closed crucible or 66 ° C in an open crucible, phlegmatized mixtures that do not have a flash in a closed crucible are classified as flammable . Particularly dangerous These are flammable liquids with a flash point of no more than 28 °C.

Classification of building materials

Determination of the flammability group of a building material

The fire hazard of building, textile and leather materials is characterized by the following properties:

1. The ability to spread flame over a surface.
2. Smoke generating ability.
3. Toxicity of combustion products.

Building materials, depending on the values ​​of flammability parameters, are divided into groups into non-combustible and combustible (for floor carpets the flammability group is not determined).

NG (non-flammable)

Based on test results using methods I and IV (), non-combustible building materials are divided into 2 groups.

Construction materials are classified as non-combustible group I

• temperature increase in the oven no more than 30 °C;
• duration of stable flame combustion – 0 s;
• calorific value not more than 2.0 MJ/kg.

Construction materials are classified as non-combustible group II with the following arithmetic average values ​​of flammability parameters according to methods I and IV (GOST R 57270-2016):

• temperature increase in the oven no more than 50 °C;
• weight loss of samples no more than 50%;
• the duration of stable flame combustion is no more than 20 s;
• calorific value not more than 3.0 MJ/kg.

Allowed to be classified as non-flammable of group I without testing the following building materials without painting their outer surface or with painting the outer surface with compositions without the use of polymer and (or) organic components:

• concrete, mortars, plasters, adhesives and putties, clay, ceramic, porcelain stoneware and silicate products (bricks, stones, blocks, slabs, panels, etc.), fiber cement products (sheets, panels, slabs, pipes, etc.) with the exception of in all cases of materials manufactured using polymer and (or) organic binder fillers and fiber;
• inorganic glass products;
• products made from alloys of steel, copper and aluminum.

Construction materials that do not satisfy at least one of the above specified values parameters of I and II groups of non-flammability, belong to the group of flammable and are subject to testing according to methods II and III (GOST R 57270-2016). For non-combustible building materials, other fire hazard indicators are not determined or standardized.

Combustible building materials, depending on the values ​​of flammability parameters determined by method II, are divided into four flammability groups (G1, G2, G3, G4) in accordance with the table. Materials should be classified into a certain flammability group provided that all arithmetic mean values ​​of the parameters specified in the table for this group correspond.

G1 (low flammability)

Low flammable – these are materials with a flue gas temperature of no more than 135 °C, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 65%, the degree of damage along the mass of the test sample is not more than 20%, and the duration of spontaneous combustion is 0 seconds.

G2 (moderately flammable)

Moderately flammable – these are materials with a flue gas temperature of no more than 235 °C, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is no more than 85%, the degree of damage along the mass of the test sample is no more than 50%, and the duration of independent combustion is no more than 30 seconds.

G3 (normally flammable)

Normally flammable – these are materials with a flue gas temperature of no more than 450 °C, a degree of damage along the length of the test sample of more than 85%, a degree of damage along the mass of the test sample of no more than 50%, and a duration of independent combustion of no more than 300 seconds.

G4 (highly flammable)

Highly flammable – these are materials with a flue gas temperature of more than 450 °C, a degree of damage along the length of the test sample of more than 85%, a degree of damage along the mass of the test sample of more than 50%, and a duration of independent combustion of more than 300 seconds.

Table

Material flammability group	Flammability parameters
	Flue gas temperature T, °C	Degree of damage along length S L, %	Damage level by weight S m, %	Duration of independent combustion t c.g, s
G1	Up to 135 inclusive	Up to 65 inclusive	Up to 20	0
G2	Up to 235 inclusive	Up to 85 inclusive	Up to 50	Up to 30 inclusive
G3	Up to 450 inclusive	Over 85	Up to 50	Up to 300 inclusive
G4	Over 450	Over 85	Over 50	Over 300
Note. For materials belonging to flammability groups G1-G3, the formation of burning melt drops and (or) burning fragments during testing is not allowed. For materials belonging to flammability groups G1-G2, the formation of a melt and (or) melt drops during testing is not allowed.

Video, what is a flammability group

Sources: ; Baratov A.N. Combustion – Fire – Explosion – Safety. -M.: 2003; GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) System of occupational safety standards. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination; GOST R 57270-2016 Construction materials. Combustibility test methods.

1 Flammability classes
2 Flammability groups
3 Application in construction
4 Confirmation of class and degree of flammability
5 Fire tests of objects
Flammability classes
All substances in nature are divided into flammability classes. Let's list them:

Non-flammable. These are substances that by themselves cannot burn in air. But even they can, when interacting with other media, be sources of formation of flammable products. For example, interacting with oxygen in the air, with each other or with water.
Difficult to burn. Building materials that are difficult to combust can only ignite when exposed to an ignition source. Their further combustion cannot occur on their own when the ignition source ceases; they go out.
Combustible. Combustible (combustible) building materials are defined as capable of igniting without an external ignition source. Moreover, they quickly ignite if such a source is available. Materials of this class continue to burn even after the ignition source disappears.
flammability group g1 what is it

It is preferable to use non-combustible materials in construction, but not all are widely used construction technologies may be based on the use of products that may have such remarkable property. More precisely, there are practically no such technologies.

Fire safety characteristics of building materials also include:

flammability;
flammability;
the ability to release toxins when heated and burning;
intensity of smoke formation at high temperatures.
Flammability groups
The tendency of building materials to burn is indicated by the symbols G1, G2, G3 and G4. This series begins with the flammability group of slightly flammable substances, designated by the symbol G1. The series ends with a group of highly flammable G4. Between them there is a group of materials G2 and G3, which are moderately flammable and normally flammable. These materials, including the group of weakly flammable G1, are mainly used in construction technologies.

The flammability group G1 shows that this substance or material can emit flue gases heated no higher than 135 degrees Celsius and is not capable of burning independently, without external ignition action (non-flammable substances).

For completely non-combustible building materials, fire safety characteristics are not studied and standards for them are not established.
Of course, the G4 group of materials also finds its application, but due to its high tendency to burn, it requires initial treatment with special fire-fighting compounds and subsequent treatments within the time limits established by the fire inspection.

Application in construction
The use of materials in the construction of buildings depends on the degree of fire resistance of these buildings. how to get G1 for material

Main classification building structures according to fire safety classes it looks like this:

To determine which flammability materials are acceptable in the construction of a particular facility, you need to know the fire hazard class of this facility and the flammability groups of the building materials used. The fire hazard class of an object is established depending on the fire hazard of those technological processes that will take place in this building.

For example, for the construction of buildings for kindergartens, schools, hospitals or nursing homes, materials and external insulation systems only of class PO K0 are allowed. The same requirements have been developed for other types of building structures.

IN fire hazardous buildings with fire resistance of the third level, low-fire K1 and moderate-fire K2 are not allowed to be performed external cladding walls and foundations made of flammable and low-combustible materials.

For non-load-bearing walls and translucent partitions, materials can be used without additional fire hazard testing:

structures made of non-combustible materials - K0;
Structures made from materials of group G4 - K3.
Any building structures should not spread hidden combustion. There should be no voids in the wall partitions or the places where they are connected, which are separated from one another by continuous fillings made of flammable materials.

Confirmation of class and degree of flammability
Any new material or system (design) must be confirmed by technical certificate. This certificate allows use in construction work various materials subject to their compliance with the fire safety regulations set out in this document.

One of the chapters of the certificate is a list of mandatory fire hazard standards for of this material. Domestic and foreign products used in construction technology for the first time require confirmation from the fire inspection after standard fire resistance tests.

Fire tests of objects
This test method is carried out to establish the fire resistance of an object under construction or already constructed. This property of the object depends on the fire hazard of the structural materials used in construction.

Fire tests on site Russian Federation Authorized to carry out such organizations as the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the Experimental Research Institute, the Pozhaudit ANO, the Research Institute named after. Kucherenko and many others.
Testing of finishing materials for building facades and internal elements is carried out in a special oven. The protocol for these tests, testing materials for the degree of flammability, contains a reference to the customer and the organization that is authorized to conduct fire tests. The name of the structure being tested is also indicated along with a set of attached documentation.

Taking into account weather conditions during testing, the results obtained by heating and burning samples used in the construction of the facility in a furnace are indicated. Also attached are photographs of structural elements before and after testing. A fire protocol is drawn up, which details all test results.

Based on the test results set out in the fire protocol and the fire hazard class of the building, the customer is issued a conclusion on the facility’s compliance with fire safety requirements.

In order to protect the life, health, property of citizens and legal entities, state and municipal property, the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for requirements for various types products.

Such requirements are contained in technical regulations.

Federal Law No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008 “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations) establishes requirements for building materials.

Article 13 of the Technical Regulations establishes the classification of building materials according to fire hazard.

This classification is based on the properties of materials to form fire hazards.

The fire hazard of building materials is characterized by the following properties:

1) flammability;

2) flammability;

3) the ability to spread flame over the surface;

4) smoke generating ability;

5) toxicity of combustion products.

Based on flammability, building materials are divided into combustible (G) and non-combustible (NG).

Construction materials are classified as non-combustible with the following values ​​of flammability parameters determined experimentally: temperature increase - no more than 50ºC, sample weight loss - no more than 50%, duration of stable flame combustion - no more than 10 seconds. Construction materials that do not satisfy at least one of the specified parameter values ​​are classified as flammable.

Combustible building materials are divided into the following groups:

Low-flammable (G1), having a flue gas temperature of no more than 135 ºС, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 65%, the degree of damage along the mass of the test sample is not more than 20%, the duration of independent combustion is 0 seconds;

Moderately flammable (G2), having a flue gas temperature of no more than 235 ºС, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 85%, the degree of damage along the mass of the test sample is not more than 50%, the duration of independent combustion is not more than 30 seconds;

Normally flammable (G3), having a flue gas temperature of no more than 450 C, a degree of damage along the length of the test sample of more than 85%, a degree of damage along the mass of the test sample of no more than 50%, and a duration of independent combustion of no more than 300 seconds;

Highly flammable (G4), having a flue gas temperature of more than 450 ºС, a degree of damage along the length of the test sample of more than 85%, a degree of damage along the mass of the test sample of more than 50%, and a duration of independent combustion of more than 300 seconds.

At the same time, for materials belonging to flammability groups G1 - G3, the formation of burning melt drops during testing is not allowed (for materials belonging to flammability groups G1 and G2, the formation of melt drops is not allowed). For non-combustible building materials, other fire hazard indicators are not determined or standardized.

7. Based on flammability, combustible building materials (including floor carpets), depending on the value of the critical surface heat flux density, are divided into the following groups:

Refractory (B1), having a critical surface heat flux density of more than 35 kW/m2;

Moderately flammable (B2), having a critical surface heat flux density of at least 20, but not more than 35 kW/m2;

Highly flammable (B3), having a critical surface heat flux density of less than 20 kW/m2.

8. Based on the speed of flame spread over the surface, combustible building materials (including floor carpets), depending on the value of the critical surface heat flux density, are divided into the following groups:

Non-propagating (RP1), having a critical surface heat flux density of more than 11 kW/m 2 ;

Low-propagating (RP2), having a critical surface heat flux density of at least 8, but not more than 11 kW/m2;

Moderately spreading (RP3), having a critical surface heat flux density of at least 5, but not more than 8 kW/m2;

Highly propagating (RP4), having a critical surface heat flux density of less than 5 kW/m2.

9. According to their smoke-generating ability, combustible building materials, depending on the value of the smoke generation coefficient, are divided into the following groups:

With low smoke-forming ability (D1), having a smoke-formation coefficient of less than 50 m 2 /kg;

With moderate smoke-forming ability (D2), having a smoke generation coefficient of at least 50, but not more than 500 m 2 /kg;

With high smoke-forming ability (D3), having a smoke generation coefficient of more than 500 m 2 /kg.

10. Based on the toxicity of combustion products, combustible building materials are divided into the following groups:

Low hazard (T1);

Moderately dangerous (T2);

Highly hazardous (T3);

Extremely dangerous (T4).

The purpose of determining the fire hazard groups of materials is to assess the possibility of their use in specific buildings and structures.

Based on the fire hazard groups of materials, fire hazard classes are determined in accordance with Part 11 of Article 3 and Appendix 3 of the Technical Regulations.

Fire hazard classes of building materials

Fire hazard properties of building materials	Fire hazard class of building materials depending on groups
	KM0	KM1	KM2	KM3	KM4	KM5
Flammability	NG	G1	G1	G2	G3	G4
Flammability		B1	B2	B2	B2	B3
Smoke generating ability		D2	D2	D3	D3	D3
Toxicity		T2	T2	T2	T3	T4
Flame Spread		RP1	RP1	RP2	RP2	RP4

And in turn, based on hazard classes, the scope of application of decorative, finishing, facing materials and floor coverings on escape routes and in halls in buildings of various types is determined. functional purpose, number of floors and capacity, in accordance with Part 6 of Article 134 and Appendices 28, 29 of the Technical Regulations.

Scope of application of decorative finishing, facing

materials and floor coverings on escape routes

	Number of storeys and height of the building	Fire hazard class of the material, not more than specified
		for walls and ceilings		for flooring
			Common corridors, halls, foyers	Lobbies, staircases, elevator halls	Common corridors, halls, foyers
F1.2; F1.3; F2.3; F2.4; F3.1; F3.2; F3.6; F4.2; F4.3; F4.4; F5.1; F5.2; F5.3	no more than 9 floors or no more than 28 meters	KM2	KM3	KM3	KM4
	more than 9, but not more than 17 floors or more than 28, but not more than 50 meters	KM1	KM2	KM2	KM3
	more than 17 floors or more than 50 meters	KM0	KM1	KM1	KM2
	regardless of number of floors and height	KM0	KM1	KM1	KM2

Scope of application of decorative, finishing, facing materials and floor coverings in halls, with the exception of floor coverings for sports arenas, sports facilities and floors for dance halls

Class (subclass) of functional fire hazard of a building	Capacity of halls, people	Material class, not more than specified
		for walls and ceilings	for floor coverings
F1.2; F2.3; F2.4; F3.1; F3.2; F3.6; F4.2; F4.3; F4.4; F5.1	more than 800	KM0	KM2
	more than 300, but not more than 800	KM1	KM2
	more than 50, but not more than 300	KM2	KM3
	no more than 50	KM3	KM4
F1.1; F2.1; F2.2; F3.3; F3.4; F3.5; F4.1	more than 300	KM0	KM2
	more than 15, but not more than 300	KM1	KM2
	no more than 15	KM3	KM4

To determine the fire hazard groups of building materials, tests are carried out according to the methods contained in the national standards included in the List approved by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 10, 2009 No. 304-r:

Fire resistance tests are carried out in accordance with GOST 30244-94. Construction materials. Combustibility test methods (MethodI);

Tests to determine flammability groups are carried out in accordance with GOST 30244-94. Construction materials. Combustibility test methods (MethodII);

Tests to determine flammability groups are carried out in accordance with GOST 30402-96 Construction materials. Flammability test method;

Tests to determine groups of flame propagation over a surface are carried out in accordance with GOST R 51032-97 Construction materials. Flame propagation test method;

Tests to determine smoke-forming ability groups are carried out in accordance with GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) Interstate standard. System of occupational safety standards. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination (clause 4.18);

Tests to determine the toxicity groups of combustion products are carried out in accordance with GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) Interstate standard. System of occupational safety standards. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination (clause 4.20).

The State Budgetary Institution “Center for Expertise, Research and Testing in Construction” operates a Fire Test Laboratory and a Fire Control Department. At the same time, the Fire Control Department is entrusted with the functions of an inspection body for sampling and evaluating test results. The fire testing laboratory performs the functions of testing product samples, and the test results are sent via sample encryption to the Fire Control Department for assessment and assignment of specific fire hazard groups.

The fire testing laboratory of the State Budgetary Institution “Center for Expertise, Research and Testing in Construction” conducts daily tests of building materials.

Over 9 months of 2017, 285 tests were carried out, based on the results of which protocols were drawn up containing indicators of materials used directly at new construction sites in Moscow.

The main types of products subjected to testing are: facing slabs of facade systems (121 tests), paints (28 tests), insulation (74 tests), linoleum (15 tests), other types of products (59 tests) [varnish, floor coverings, vapor barrier, wallpaper].

It should be noted that a significant number of tests reveal the non-compliance of the materials used with the requirements imposed on them.

So 73% of those tested fiber cement boards for finishing facades are not non-flammable (NG). At the same time, 100% of fiber cement boards tested for flammability correspond to flammability group G1.

Also, many linoleum samples do not pass tests according to the declared flammability groups (B). 83% of linoleum samples correspond to flammability group B3, while products with higher ratings (B1 or B2) should be used.

The paints used on construction sites also often do not correspond to the declared indicators. 100% of the tested paints do not meet the non-flammability rating (NG). In terms of flammability (G), 85% of the tested paint samples correspond to flammability group G1 and 15% to group G2. In terms of flammability (B), 22% of the tested paint samples do not correspond to the declared indicators. 78% of them correspond to group B1, the rest to groups B2 and B3.

100% tested samples mineral wool insulation correspond to the non-flammability index (NG).

Based on the laboratory protocols, the inspection body of the State Budgetary Institution “TsEIIS” issues conclusions containing fire hazard groups of materials, as well as conclusions about the compliance or non-compliance of the materials used with the requirements of design and regulatory documentation.

Tests to determine the fire hazard indicators of building materials used directly on construction sites are necessary input control, aimed at preventing fires and reducing damage from fires at new construction sites.

Literature:

1. Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ “On Technical Regulation”.

2. Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements.”

3. GOST 30244-94. Construction materials. Combustibility test methods.

4. GOST 30402-96 Construction materials. Flammability test method.

5. GOST R 51032-97 Construction materials. Flame propagation test method.

6. GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) Interstate standard. System of occupational safety standards. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination.

The text of the article was:

Leading engineer of the State Budgetary Institution “TsEIIS” S.V. Rusyaev

Checked:

Head of LOI State Budgetary Institution “TsEIIS” N.V. Afanasiev