Michelson Albert Abraham (1852-1931) American physicist Albert Abraham Michelson was born in Strelno (Germany), near the Polish border, in the family of a merchant Samuel Michelson and the daughter of a doctor Rosalie (Przlubska) Michelson. Albert was the eldest of three children. When he was two

Waxman Zelman Abraham (1888-1973) American microbiologist and biochemist Zelman Abraham Waxman was born in the small Ukrainian town of Nova Priluka, 15 km away. from Vinnitsa, in the family of a small tenant Yakov Waxman and the owner of a department store Freida Waxman (nee.

Chuck Norris Ken Abraham To spite all troubles CHAPTER 1 Alarm signal I met my bodyguard's gaze and immediately knew that something had happened. I was in Washington DC, where I was invited as a special guest of the newly elected President of the United States.

Abraham Maslow (April 1, 1908, New York - June 8, 1970, Menlo Park, California) is a famous American psychologist, founder of humanistic psychology.

The well-known "Maslow Pyramid" is a diagram that hierarchically represents human needs. However, none of his publications has such a scheme; on the contrary, he believed that the hierarchy of needs is not fixed and depends to the greatest extent on the individual characteristics of each person.

His model of the hierarchy of needs has found wide application in economics, occupying an important place in the construction of theories of consumer motivation and behavior.

Maslow was the eldest of seven children of the cooper Samuil Maslov and Rosa Shilovskaya, who emigrated from the Kiev province to the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. He was born in the Jewish district of Brooklyn. My father worked as a keeper; parents often quarreled. When he was nine years old, the family moved from the Jewish district of the city to another, non-Jewish, and since Maslow had a pronounced Jewish appearance, he learned what anti-Semitism was. Abraham was a lonely, shy and depressed young man.

Maslow was one of the best students in the school. After graduation in 1926, on the advice of his father, he entered the City College of Law in New York, but did not even complete his first year. Maslow first became acquainted with psychology at Cornell University, where E.B. Titchener.

In 1928, Maslow transferred to the University of Wisconsin at Madison, where Harry Harlow, a renowned primate researcher, became his scientific advisor.

At the University of Wisconsin, he became a BA (1930), an MA (1931), and a PhD (1934). Maslow received a classical behavioral education, and his first scientific work, which promised him a bright future, focused on the relationship between sexuality and social behavior in primates.

In 1934, he began working at Columbia University as an assistant research assistant for Edward Thorndike, a renowned behaviorist and learning theorist. Initially, Maslow was also an adherent of the behaviorist approach, he was fascinated by the work of John B. Watson, but gradually he became carried away by other ideas.

In 1937, Maslow accepted an offer to become a professor at Brooklyn College, where he worked for 14 years. At this time, he met a galaxy of the most famous European psychologists who took refuge in the United States from the persecution of the Nazis, including Alfred Adler, Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, Margaret Mead, as well as the founder of Gestalt psychology Max Wertheimer and anthropologist Ruth Benedict. The latter two became not only Maslow's teachers and friends, but also those people, thanks to whom the idea of ​​studying self-actualizing personalities arose.

In the 1960s, Maslow became popular, and in 1967 he was elected president of the American Psychological Association, which caused his own surprise.

A. Maslow died suddenly from acute myocardial infarction at the age of 62.

Sister - anthropologist and ethnographer Ruth Maslow Lewis (1916-2008), wife of anthropologist Oscar Lewis.

Books (4)

The far reaches of the human psyche

This book is the second revised edition of A.G. Maslow, dedicated to the theory of self-actualization he created. This theory is based on the distinction between lower (imperfect) and higher (growing) needs.

The book is addressed to a wide range of readers interested in the history and theory of psychology, the sciences of man.

Motivation and personality

Many years after its first publication, Motivation and Personality still offers unique and influential theories that have not lost their significance in modern psychology.

This third edition is a collective revision of the classic text, while retaining Maslow's original style. The aim of the revision of the text was to give it greater clarity and structure, thus making it suitable for use in training courses in psychology.

The third edition also includes an extensive biography of Maslow, an afterword from the editors, in which they set out the practical and theoretical aspects of Maslow's belief system that are reflected in our lives and society, and a complete bibliography of Maslow's writings.

New frontiers of human nature

The latest book by Abraham Maslow, the founder and leader of humanistic psychology, who opened new perspectives for the psychological understanding of man and had a huge impact on the change in the face of psychological science in the second half of this century.

Towards the psychology of being

In his book, he continues the work begun on creating the foundations for "the formation of a unified psychology and philosophy, including both the depths and heights of human nature." It is an attempt to combine developmental and growth psychology with psychopathology, psychoanalytic dynamics and the movement towards wholeness.

Reader Comments

Konstantin/ 20.06.2018 A. Maslow, of course, did not take into account everything in human behavior and did not describe everything, since it would be pleasant for us to share, update or even read. He himself said that "perfection in the world simply does not exist." Mr. "father" of Russian education, Leontyev noticed this, but the practice of life has shown that the education system built by these "father" of Russian psychology led to the collapse of education itself, but Maslow's works are striking in their relevance today. Despite the fact that I personally do not agree with all the conclusions of the author, especially in the motivation of the individual, nevertheless, Maslow's work should be studied. because in their basic versions, they do not just work, but prove their viability. I recommend it to everyone as a pill for the psychology of "gain" and psychology of improvement. And also to those who are sincerely interested in personality psychology.

Alexander the Resurrection/ 25.10.2016 This is where modern psychologists should start - forward, not backward, to Freud and from him ...

the guest/ 25.01.2014 “Placing in a single, quantitatively measurable space of humanity of all diseases that psychiatrists and therapists are concerned with, all disorders that give food for thought to existentialists, philosophers, religious thinkers and social reformers, provides enormous theoretical and scientific advantages. Moreover, we can place in the same continuum various types of health, which we already know about, in the full palette of their manifestations, both within the boundaries of health and beyond it - we mean here manifestations of self-transcendence of mystical merging with the absolute and other manifestations the highest possibilities of human nature, which the future will reveal to us ”.

A.H. Maslow (1908-1970), founder of humanistic psychology, one of the founders of transpersonal psychology.

Strannic/ 12.11.2013 According to D.A. Leont'ev, one of the essential shortcomings of A. Maslow's theory is the theoretical amorphousness of the concept of "self-actualization". Including the processes of self-realization, self-expression, self-affirmation and self-development, this concept
ignores significant differences between them, which makes it difficult to operationalize it (Leontiev D.A., 1997, p. 171)
Leontiev D.A. Self-realization and the essential forces of a person // Psychology with a human face: a humanistic perspective in post-Soviet psychology / Ed. YES. Leontyev, V.G. Schur. M .: Smysl, 1997. - S. 156-176.

Alexander/ 06/06/2013 Very inspired by him as a scientist and as a Person.
His most important contribution to psychology was a significant expansion of the map and horizons of the territory of psychology. He paid very thorough and serious attention to the study of health, self-actualization, the highest in man. He was also one of the first scientists who worked on the creation of an integral model of personality development, seeking to combine the approaches of other schools.
Maslow was the founder of two currents in psychology that exist today - humanistic and transpersonal.
I would like to say about the general style of his work. It is impossible to find impeccable consistency in them, his train of thought develops very lively and freely, trying to capture and captivate the reader, to point out to him the possibility of directly experiencing the things in question. His words seem to sparkle and flare up.
I definitely recommend it to everyone who has at least something to do with psychology, and just to everyone)

the guest/ 4.05.2013 you can learn a lot about yourself. Thanks to

Roman T/ 9.11.2011 Great psychologist !!!

the guest/ 1.09.2011 I advise everyone to read, who does not know what he wants in life!

Natalia/ 03/25/2010 Thank you for the excellent selection of Maslow's books! Writes perfectly, what is necessary for work. Classic!

faith/ 11.10.2009 He was the first to start researching healthy individuals. It is perhaps wiser to focus on healthy individuals.

Maksim/ 7.06.2009 A great psychologist who should be put on a par with Freud and Jung. He came up with a new theory, develops the concept of humanistic psychology. Worth reading for anyone interested in personality psychology

The eldest of seven children of Samuel and Rosa Maslow, Abraham Maslow was born in New York. His parents were Jews who immigrated to the United States from Russia.

A boy grew up in a multinational quarter. The family was poor, parents were indifferent to their children and cared little for them.

The father so often offended and humiliated the boy that he sincerely believed in his worthlessness. His mother was a rude and selfish woman, from whom the children saw neither love nor care.

On top of that, Abraham was the only Jew among the boys in the area, and therefore fell victim to violent anti-Semitism, subject to constant attacks for his religion.

All sorts of vicissitudes of life make the boy seek salvation in the library, where he discovers his love for books.

He studies at the Secondary School for Men, where he is a member of a number of themed clubs. Also, for a whole year, he takes part in the publication of the "Latin Journal" and the school newspaper on physics topics.

After leaving school, Maslow enters the New York City Lyceum, and in the evenings he takes jurisprudence lessons. However, soon realizing that pursuing law was not his business at all, he gave up additional pursuits.

Later, Abraham entered the University of Wisconsin in the Department of Psychology. There he is engaged in research in the field of experimental behaviorism. Thanks to this work, a positive outlook was consolidated in him. In 1931, Abraham Maslow received his master's degree in psychology.

Scientific activity

In 1937 Maslow became a member of the faculty of Brooklyn College, where he remained until 1951. When, in 1941, the United States entered World War II, Maslow was already too old and unsuitable for military service. However, the horrors of war inspire him to develop ideas of peace and influence his theories in psychology, helping to create the science of humanitarian psychology.

The way of life and actions of his two scientific mentors - psychologist Max Wertheimer and anthropologist Ruth Benedict - left a big mark on Maslow's soul, which subsequently laid the foundation for his research in the field of mental health and human potential.

In 1943, in his article "The Theory of Human Motivation", which appeared in the journal Psychological Review, Maslow proposed his own system of hierarchy of needs. A detailed explanation of this theory was given in the book "Motivation and Personality" published in 1954.

Maslow takes the point of view that any human being has a number of needs that, in order to achieve self-realization, must be satisfied in a certain order. According to his classification, human needs are arranged in the following order: physiological need, the desire for security, the need to belong to a certain social group and be loved, the tendency to respect, the need for self-realization and the desire for superiority. As a humanist psychologist, Maslow sincerely believes that each individual needs to fully realize their potential in order to achieve self-realization. He supports his theory by studying the personalities of Albert Einstein, Henry David Thoreau, Ruth Benedict, etc. - those who, in his opinion, have successfully achieved self-realization.

In 1951 Maslow became a professor at Brandeis University. There he will teach until 1969, when he joins the staff of the Laughlin Institute in California.

In 1961, Maslow, together with the psychologist Tony Sutich, founded the journal "The Journal of Humanistic Psychology", which publishes scientific articles to this day.

Main works

Maslow's greatest contribution to psychology is his theory of the hierarchy of needs, which he proposed in 1943. Numerous studies in the field of sociology, management, psychology, psychiatry, etc. are based on this classification of needs.

Personal life and legacy

In 1928, when he was barely 20 years old, Maslow married his cousin Bertha. And this marriage becomes for him the beginning of a happy family life. Their life of love and harmony continued until Abraham's death. From this union, two daughters were born.

For many years, Maslow had heart problems, and in 1967 suffered a serious attack. Three years later, in 1970, after a second blow, he dies.

The American Psychological Association annually presents the Abraham Maslow Award for Significant Contributions to Advanced Research into the Further Study of the Human Soul.

Abraham Harold Maslow is an American psychologist specializing in personality psychology, motivation, and abnormal psychology (pathopsychologists). One of the founders of humanistic psychology. Educated at the University of Viscon, Madison (bachelor, 1930; master, 1931; doctor of philosophy, 1934). He began his professional career as a teacher at the Faculty of Psychology at Columbia Teachers' Training College (1935-1937) and Brooklyn College (1937-1951). From 1951 to 1969, Mr .. M. - Professor at Brandesai University. 1967 - President of the American Psychological Association (ARA). Received a Humanist Award from the American Humanitarian Association (1967). Honorary Doctor of a number of high fur boots. Founder of the "Eupsychian Management" magazine. Having started his scientific career with studies of social behavior of primates in the 1930s, already in the early 1940s. M. turned to the study of the highest essential manifestations of man, inherent in him alone - love, creativity, the highest values, etc. The impetus for this was the empirically identified type of the so-called self-actualizing personalities M., most fully expressing human nature.

Having put forward the requirement for a holistic approach to man and an analysis of his specifically human properties as opposed to the biological reductionism and mechanism that reigned supreme in post-war American psychology, M. at the same time sees the source of these properties in the biological nature of man, adopting K. Goldstein's view of development as the deployment of the inherent in the body of potencies. M. speaks about the instinctoid nature of basic human needs, including his postulated need for self-actualization - the disclosure of the potentialities inherent in a person. In the 40s. M. develops a theory of human motivation, which is still one of the most popular. M.'s theory is based on the idea of ​​a hierarchy of satisfaction of needs, ranging from the most urgent physiological and ending with the highest need for self-actualization. In total, M. distinguishes 5 hierarchical levels of needs (the so-called "pyramid of M."). The lower needs are met first; the higher ones begin to motivate behavior only when the lower ones are satisfied. Most people's behavior is driven by lower needs, because they fail to ensure their satisfaction and move to a higher level. In the mid 50s. M. abandoned a rigid hierarchy, singling out two large classes of coexisting needs: the needs of the deficit (needs) and the needs of development (self-actualization). Continuing the study of self-actualizing personalities, whose life problems are qualitatively different from the neurotic pseudo-problems facing an immature person, M. comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to create a new psychology - the psychology of being a person as a full-fledged, developed personality, in contrast to the traditional psychology of man becoming a man. In the 60s. M. is developing such a psychology. In particular, he shows the fundamental differences in cognitive processes in those cases when they are driven by need, and when they are based on the motivation of development and self-actualization.

In the second case, we are dealing with cognition at the level of Being (B-cognition). A specific phenomenon of B-cognition is the so-called peak experiences, characterized by a feeling of delight or ecstasy, enlightenment and depth of understanding. Brief episodes of peak experiences are given to all people; in them, everyone for a moment becomes, as it were, self-actualizing. Religion, according to M., originally arose as a figurative-symbolic system for describing peak experiences, which later acquired an independent meaning and began to be perceived as a reflection of some supernatural reality. The usual motivation at the level of Being is replaced by the so-called metamotivation. The metamotives are the values ​​of Being (B-values): truth, goodness, beauty, justice, perfection, etc., which belong both to objective reality and to the personality structure of self-actualizing people. M. deduces these values, as well as basic needs, from human biology, declaring them universal; the sociocultural environment plays only the role of a factor influencing their actualization, and more often negatively than positively. In recent years, M. moved even further, developing the problem of the transcendence of self-actualization and the transition to even higher levels of development. M. stood at the origins of transpersonal psychology, was one of the leaders of this movement in the initial period of its formation. M.'s ideas about the direction of human development led him to an ideal model of a "eupsychic" society, which creates and maintains the possibilities of maximum self-actualization of its members. M.'s epsychic ideology found practical application in management, into which, thanks to M., the ideas of self-actualization penetrated as the driving force of people's behavior in the management of organizations.

In recent years, M. turned to the problems of education, devoting to them a number of original works. M. had a great influence on the development of Western psychology in the 1960s and 1970s, giving a powerful impetus to the humanistic trend in it. In the late 1950s. M. initiated the unification of non-traditional-minded psychologists interested in specifically human manifestations of a person into a new community, from which the American Association for Humanistic Psychology (1962) and the Journal of Humanistic Psychology (1961) grew. M. was the main inspirer and until his death one of the leaders of the movement of humanistic psychology, in many respects his face. The main works of M .: "Motivation and Personality", N.Y., 1954; Toward a Psychology of Being, N.Y. 1962; "Religions, Values, and Peak-experiences", Columbus, 1964; "The Psychology of Science", N.Y. 1966; "The Farther Reaches of Human Nature", N.Y., 1971. In Russian. per. "Self-actualization" / "Psychology of personality. Texts". M., Moscow State University, 1982; "Motivation and Personality", St. Petersburg, 1999.

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The history of psychology in persons. Personalities / under. ed. L.A. Karpenko // Psychological lexicon. Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 6 volumes / ed.-comp. L.A. Karpenko. under total. ed. A.V. Petrovsky. - M .: PER SE, 2005

A visionary and revolutionary in the science of the past century, one of the brightest and most influential psychologists Abraham Maslow significantly changed our worldview of human nature and our capabilities, convincing us that we are.

Biography of Abraham Maslow deserves special attention.

“I am an antidoctriner. I am against something that closes doors for us and cuts off opportunities. "

A. Maslow

In the footsteps of childhood in Brooklyn

The outstanding psychologist and psychotherapist Abraham Harold Maslow was born on April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, in a not very representative area of ​​New York. His parents were uneducated Jews who emigrated from Russia. Maslow was the firstborn in a family of seven children. Parents pinned great hopes on him and really wanted him to become a literate and intelligent person.

Maslow, by his own admission, recalls his childhood years without any enthusiasm and admiration, because he was very lonely and unhappy: “It is strange that with such a childhood I did not fall ill with psychosis or neurosis. I was a little Jewish boy among non-Jewish people. This resembles a similar situation when the first black person goes to a white school. I was unhappy and alone. I grew up among books in libraries, without comrades and friends. " Maslow's years like this could be an excellent subject for a psychoanalytic essay.

The relationship between Maslow and his mother was quite tense and hostile. One of the authors describes in Maslow's biography that his hatred of his mother lasted until the end of her days, and he did not even come to her funeral.

She was a very strict religious woman and often threatened her children that God would punish them for all wrongdoing. This attitude forced Maslow to hate religion and not believe in God.

Maslow's father was far from being an exemplary family man. A man who “loved whiskey, women and fights,” Abraham recalls. Moreover, the father convinced his son that he was stupid and ugly.

A little later, Maslow was able to forgive his father, unlike his mother, and often spoke of him with pride and love. Despite such a fatherly reputation, the family business developed successfully and provided for the family quite happily.

Later, Maslow himself, who was already a certified psychologist, participated in the management of his father's business for the production of barrels.

Young years

It should be noted that Maslow was far from handsome. In his youth, he was very complex about the shortcomings of his appearance. Attempts to improve their puny body by intense sports activities have been unsuccessful. After that, he seriously delved into science.

At the age of 18, at the request of his father, Maslow entered City College in New York to study law and law. However, a legal career did not interest the young Maslow and he began taking a more eclectic course at Cornell University.

In the penultimate year of college, Maslow became interested in psychology. As a result, this young man entered the University of Wisconsin. In 1931 he received the title of master of humanities, and in 1934 - the degree of doctor. Maslow devoted his doctoral dissertation to the study of dominant and sexual behavior in a colony of monkeys.

During his school years, he passionately loved his cousin Bertha Goodman. The parents did not bless this love, because they feared that children might be born with genetic defects.

But contrary to all related prohibitions, they got married shortly before moving to Wisconsin (he was 20, and she was 19). Then he said: "Life practically did not begin for me until I left for Wisconsin and got married."

Mature years

After completing his doctorate, Maslow returns to New York to collaborate with renowned learning theorist E.L. Thorndike of Columbia University. Then over the next 14 years, Maslow transferred to Brooklyn College.

He described his years in New York as the center of the psychological universe. Psychotherapist consultations, psychological counseling, psychological services at that time in New York were sufficiently represented.

It was during this period that he met the elite of European intellectuals - Erich Fromm, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Ruth Benedict and Max Wertheimer. These are just a few of those whom Maslow turned to to uncover and study human behavior.

Informal communication with such famous scientists allowed to form the intellectual basis of the future humanistic views of Maslow, who was simultaneously studying psychoanalysis at that moment.

From 1951 to 1961, Maslow served as head of the Department of Psychology at Brandeis University, after which he became a professor of psychology.

In 1969 Maslow retired from Brandeis and devoted himself to an academic position at the W.P. Loglin Charitable Foundation in Menlow Park, California. This direction gives him the freedom to get involved in the philosophy of democratic politics, ethics and economics.

1970 Maslow dies at the age of 62 from a heart attack resulting from chronic heart disease.

Maslow has been a member of many honorary and professional societies. As a member of the American Psychological Association, Maslow was head of the Division of Aesthetics and the Division of Personality and Social Psychology, and was also named president of the entire Association for the years 1967-1968.

Maslow was the creator of the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology and the Journal of Humanistic Psychology. He was also a consultant editor for many scientific periodicals.

He studied developmental psychology, and in the last phase of his life supported the Issalen Institute, California, and similar groups that studied human capabilities.

In the past 10 years, Maslow has written the bulk of his books.

The volume was compiled with the participation of his wife and was published posthumously in 1972, which was named "In Memory of Abraham Maslow." Biography of Abraham Maslow quite capable of inspiring any person, because this great scientist actually made himself.

Of all the classics of psychology, Maslow best fits the definition of genius because of his deep passion for his work. In his honor is named the well-known nowadays, which personifies the distribution of human needs from the lowest physiological to the highest, spiritual.